Article(id=1149781957548139433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149781952959574654, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405247, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1720713600000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-12, revisedDate=1735574400000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-31, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752058980594, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1743091200000, pubDateStr=2025-03-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752058980594, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752058980594, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752058980594, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149781952959574654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='9', pageStart='3529', pageEnd='3967', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752058979501, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1776333392421, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1251596220226027613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149781952959574654, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1251596220226027614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149781952959574654, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3704, endPage=3711, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149781957736883114, articleId=1149781957548139433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Efficiency Optimization Method of Full-bridge LLC Resonant Converter under Light Load Condition, columnId=1156262733675876713, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Electrical Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

For full-bridge LLC resonant converter, intermittent control strategy is an effective means to improve its light load efficiency. An improved intermittent control method was proposed to solve the problems of limited efficiency improvement and large output voltage ripple in light load state of converter by traditional intermittent control. This control method fixes the intermittent conduction time and makes the converter work at the resonant frequency during the intermittent conduction time, which further improves the light load efficiency of the converter and reduces the output voltage ripple. In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed method, a simulation model was built and the simulation waveforms of the traditional intermittent control strategy and the improved intermittent control strategy were compared and analyzed, and an experimental prototype with rated power of 100 W was made. The simulation and experimental results show that the output voltage ripple of the full-bridge LLC resonant converter with the improved intermittent control strategy can meet the engineering requirements, and compared with the traditional intermittent control strategy, the efficiency under light load is improved by up to 4.1%.

, correspAuthors=Xu-xin ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ke WANG, Jing PENG, Xu-xin ZHANG, Yu-wei DU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149782008546681564, articleId=1149781957548139433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=全桥LLC谐振变换器在轻载状态下的效率优化方法, columnId=1156262734506353627, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·电工技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

对于全桥LLC谐振变换器,在轻载时采用间歇控制(burst)策略是提升其轻载效率的一种有效手段。针对传统间歇控制对变换器的轻载状态效率提升效果有限和输出电压纹波大的问题,提出了一种改进型间歇控制方法。该控制方法固定了间歇导通时间,并使变换器在间歇导通时间内工作在谐振频率上,进一步提高了变换器的轻载效率,减小了输出电压纹波。为了验证所提方法的可行性,搭建仿真模型并对比分析了传统间歇控制策略与改进型间歇控制策略的仿真波形,并制作了一台额定功率100 W的实验样机,仿真及实验结果表明:全桥LLC谐振变换器采用改进型间歇控制策略时的输出电压纹波可以满足工程要求,并且相较传统的间歇控制策略,轻载时的效率最高有4.1%的提升。

, correspAuthors=张旭鑫, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 张旭鑫(1999—),男,汉族,山西运城人,硕士,工程师。研究方向:电源变换技术。E-mail:
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王科(1983—),男,汉族,陕西西安人,硕士,教授级高级工程师。研究方向:输变配电设备运维新技术。E-mail:

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王科(1983—),男,汉族,陕西西安人,硕士,教授级高级工程师。研究方向:输变配电设备运维新技术。E-mail:

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王科(1983—),男,汉族,陕西西安人,硕士,教授级高级工程师。研究方向:输变配电设备运维新技术。E-mail:

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Electric Drive, 2019, 49(3): 54-58, 65., articleTitle=Soft start hybrid control strategy of full-bridge LLC resonant converter, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1251249376522355368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957548139433, awardId=YNKJXM20222521, language=CN, fundingSource=中国南方电网有限责任公司创新项目(YNKJXM20222521), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1251249365675884628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957548139433, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1251249365680078933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957548139433, companyId=1251249365675884628, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Electric Power Science Research Institute, Yunnan Power Grid Co., Ltd., Kunming 650214, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1251249365696856150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957548139433, companyId=1251249365675884628, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院, 昆明 650214)]), AuthorCompany(id=1251249365831073888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957548139433, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1251249365839462496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957548139433, companyId=1251249365831073888, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Xi’an Microelectronics Technology Research Institute, Xi’an 710018, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1251249365847851105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957548139433, companyId=1251249365831073888, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 西安微电子技术研究所, 西安 710018)]), AuthorCompany(id=1251249365977874538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957548139433, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1251249365986263146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957548139433, companyId=1251249365977874538, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1251249365990457454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957548139433, companyId=1251249365977874538, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 西安交通大学电气工程学院, 西安 710049)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1251249370901987718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957548139433, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Full-bridge LLC resonant converter topology, figureFileSmall=JfstaWyAGc5GXmU7Ddi8aA==, figureFileBig=nMP2f/8my0Ar8LfQoqLAeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251249371015233938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957548139433, language=CN, label=图1, caption=全桥LLC谐振变换器拓扑结构

Vin为输入电压;C为电容;T为带中心抽头的变压器;R为负载电阻;Q1~Q4为4个开关管;D1、D2为整流二极管

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language=EN, label=Fig.16, caption=Efficiency improvement curve of the improved burst control strategy, figureFileSmall=JqnMy7jsMjNDh/fCZ4sF3w==, figureFileBig=CYOQKLEZApSPwDlcnx57ww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251249376010650248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957548139433, language=CN, label=图16, caption=改进型间歇控制策略的效率提升曲线, figureFileSmall=JqnMy7jsMjNDh/fCZ4sF3w==, figureFileBig=CYOQKLEZApSPwDlcnx57ww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251249376132285072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957548139433, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Converter parameter

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参数类型 单位 数值
额定输入电压Vin V 24
额定输出电压Vo V 12~30
额定输出功率Po W 100
变压器变比n 1∶1∶1
谐振电感Lr μH 6.582
谐振电容Cr μF 1.539
励磁电感Lm μH 32.911
第一谐振频率fr kHz 50
), ArticleFig(id=1251249376295862938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957548139433, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

变换器参数

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参数类型 单位 数值
额定输入电压Vin V 24
额定输出电压Vo V 12~30
额定输出功率Po W 100
变压器变比n 1∶1∶1
谐振电感Lr μH 6.582
谐振电容Cr μF 1.539
励磁电感Lm μH 32.911
第一谐振频率fr kHz 50
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全桥LLC谐振变换器在轻载状态下的效率优化方法
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王科 1 , 彭晶 1 , 张旭鑫 2, * , 杜宇维 3
科学技术与工程 | 论文·电工技术 2025,25(9): 3704-3711
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·电工技术 2025, 25(9): 3704-3711
全桥LLC谐振变换器在轻载状态下的效率优化方法
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王科1 , 彭晶1, 张旭鑫2, * , 杜宇维3
作者信息
  • 1 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院, 昆明 650214
  • 2 西安微电子技术研究所, 西安 710018
  • 3 西安交通大学电气工程学院, 西安 710049
  • 王科(1983—),男,汉族,陕西西安人,硕士,教授级高级工程师。研究方向:输变配电设备运维新技术。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 张旭鑫(1999—),男,汉族,山西运城人,硕士,工程师。研究方向:电源变换技术。E-mail:
Efficiency Optimization Method of Full-bridge LLC Resonant Converter under Light Load Condition
Ke WANG1 , Jing PENG1, Xu-xin ZHANG2, * , Yu-wei DU3
Affiliations
  • 1 Electric Power Science Research Institute, Yunnan Power Grid Co., Ltd., Kunming 650214, China
  • 2 Xi’an Microelectronics Technology Research Institute, Xi’an 710018, China
  • 3 School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
出版时间: 2025-03-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405247
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对于全桥LLC谐振变换器,在轻载时采用间歇控制(burst)策略是提升其轻载效率的一种有效手段。针对传统间歇控制对变换器的轻载状态效率提升效果有限和输出电压纹波大的问题,提出了一种改进型间歇控制方法。该控制方法固定了间歇导通时间,并使变换器在间歇导通时间内工作在谐振频率上,进一步提高了变换器的轻载效率,减小了输出电压纹波。为了验证所提方法的可行性,搭建仿真模型并对比分析了传统间歇控制策略与改进型间歇控制策略的仿真波形,并制作了一台额定功率100 W的实验样机,仿真及实验结果表明:全桥LLC谐振变换器采用改进型间歇控制策略时的输出电压纹波可以满足工程要求,并且相较传统的间歇控制策略,轻载时的效率最高有4.1%的提升。

LLC  /  轻载  /  效率优化  /  间歇控制

For full-bridge LLC resonant converter, intermittent control strategy is an effective means to improve its light load efficiency. An improved intermittent control method was proposed to solve the problems of limited efficiency improvement and large output voltage ripple in light load state of converter by traditional intermittent control. This control method fixes the intermittent conduction time and makes the converter work at the resonant frequency during the intermittent conduction time, which further improves the light load efficiency of the converter and reduces the output voltage ripple. In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed method, a simulation model was built and the simulation waveforms of the traditional intermittent control strategy and the improved intermittent control strategy were compared and analyzed, and an experimental prototype with rated power of 100 W was made. The simulation and experimental results show that the output voltage ripple of the full-bridge LLC resonant converter with the improved intermittent control strategy can meet the engineering requirements, and compared with the traditional intermittent control strategy, the efficiency under light load is improved by up to 4.1%.

LLC  /  light load efficiency  /  efficiency optimization  /  burst control
王科, 彭晶, 张旭鑫, 杜宇维. 全桥LLC谐振变换器在轻载状态下的效率优化方法. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (9) : 3704 -3711 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405247
Ke WANG, Jing PENG, Xu-xin ZHANG, Yu-wei DU. Efficiency Optimization Method of Full-bridge LLC Resonant Converter under Light Load Condition[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (9) : 3704 -3711 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405247
近年来,LLC谐振变换器因为优良的软开关特性以及电磁兼容特性,吸引了广泛的关注和研究,并且已经在实际生产中大量应用[1-2]
当全桥LLC谐振变换器处于轻载状态时,效率会变得很低,这是因为在传统的变频控制下,随着负载降低,变换器要达到所需的增益需要很大的开关频率,开关管的关断损耗比例不断上升从而降低了变换器的效率。为了提高变换器的总体工作效率,轻载效率是不可忽略的重要因素。因此现针对变换器在轻载状态下的控制策略进行研究改进,旨在对变换器的轻载效率和输出电压品质做出优化。
文献[3]采用中心对称脉冲宽度调制(pulse width modulation,PWM)控制,分析变换器在PWM中心对称控制和变频控制混合控制策略下的增益特性,变换器通过调节占空比稳定输出电压,由于开关频率大大降低,PWM控制可以有效降低高频损耗。文献[4]提出采用双极性PWM控制,在实现零电压开关(zero voltage switch,ZVS)的同时还可以减小变换器在轻载状态下的电压纹波。文献[5]提出加入移相控制来解决轻载或空载模式下的电压飘高问题,但这些方法也会导致LLC谐振变换器的软开关优势消失。在文献[6]中提出了一种可变电感比,采用可变励磁电感器,在一定程度上提升了变换器的效率。文献[7]提出一种可变拓扑变化器,通过灵活切换变压器,可以给变换器分配不同的电感比,以提高轻载效率,这两种方法增加了变换器的元器件成本,同时会使变换器的参数设计变得更加困难。文献[8]使用触发控制结合PWM调制的方法来代替传统的调频控制法,使电路在全负载范围内以某一固定频率工作,通过调节触发脉冲的占空比来稳定输出电压,最终实现全负载范围内的效率最优化。文献[9]提出一种基于间歇控制-变占空比控制的混合控制方法,采用PWM控制能够减小Burst开通时段内谐振腔电流峰值,而Burst控制能够在Burst开通时段内为PWM控制下的开关管提供足够的零电压开通(ZVS)电流。这种方式能够保证变换器在宽电压范围内的特性和稳定性。这两种方法提升了间歇关断时间内的工作效率,但并未对间歇导通时间内的效率进行优化。
针对这个问题,现分析传统间歇控制策略的缺陷,提出一种改进型间歇控制方法,在间歇工作时间内将间歇开通时间固定,在间歇开通时间内开关频率为谐振频率,在轻载时具有更高的效率以及更小的输出电压纹波。并进行仿真实验和样机实验,通过实验结果验证该方法的有效性。
全桥LLC谐振变换器拓扑结构如图1所示,变换器中有3个谐振元件:谐振电感Lr,谐振电容Cr和励磁电感Lm
变频控制方法是全桥LLC谐振变换器最常使用的控制策略,其通过改变开关网络脉冲频率的大小来控制输出电压的大小。在变频控制下,变换器存在两个谐振频率,分别为第一谐振频率fr和第二谐振频率fm。表达式如下。
fr=$\frac{1}{2\mathrm{\pi }\sqrt{{L}_{\mathrm{r}}{C}_{\mathrm{r}}}}$
fm=$\frac{1}{2\mathrm{\pi }\sqrt{({L}_{\mathrm{r}}+{L}_{\mathrm{m}}){C}_{\mathrm{r}}}}$
全桥LLC谐振变换器在变频模式下的电压增益[10-12]
M=$\frac{1}{\sqrt{{\left(1+m-\frac{m}{{f}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{n}}}\right)}^{2}+{Q}^{2}{\left({f}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{n}}-\frac{1}{{f}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{n}}}\right)}^{2}}}$
Q=$\sqrt{{L}_{\mathrm{r}}/{C}_{\mathrm{r}}}$/Req

Req=8n2R/π2

式中:m=Lm/Lr;归一化频率fsn=fs/fr,即开关频率fs与第一谐振频率fr之比;Q为品质因数;Req为副边等效电阻。
固定m值,绘制不同Q下的增益-频率曲线。从图2中可以看出,无论Q怎么变化,当归一化频率为1时,增益都为1。并且在归一化频率大于1后增益曲线趋于平缓,频率对增益的调节能力变弱。为了实现变换器的软开关,应尽量使工作频率低于谐振频率,最好是谐振频率的附近。
根据对于全桥LLC谐振变换器在变频控制下的增益特性分析,Q减小(负载电阻增大,负载电流减小,负载功率减小),变换器在同一工作频率时的输出增益会随之增加,意味着在轻载状态下变换器往往需要更大的工作频率,而更大的工作频率会导致开关管的关断损耗增加,变换器效率降低。为了提升变换器在轻载时的效率,目前使用较为广泛的方法是间歇控制策略(burst)[13]
间歇控制策略的原理如图3所示,间歇控制策略的特点在于精准地控制开关管导通和关断的时间,每个周期Tburst分为两个部分,分别为间歇导通时间Ton以及间歇关断时间Toff,间歇占空比D=Ton/Tburst。在间歇导通时间,变换器的工作状态与变频控制时无异。在间歇关断时间,原边开关管关断,变换器原边暂停工作。变换器通过输出电压的滞环控制来控制间歇导通与间歇关断的切换,检测输出电压Vo,一旦输出电压达到电压最大值Vmax,变换器会立即进入间歇关断时间,当输出电压降低并触碰到预设的电压最小值Vmin时,间歇关断时间结束,变换器再次进入间歇导通时间。
在间歇导通期间,谐振电流可以表示为
${\stackrel{\wedge }{i}}_{\mathrm{r}}$(t)=[${\stackrel{\wedge }{V}}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}}$(t)-${\stackrel{\wedge }{V}}_{\mathrm{T}}$(t)]/jXr
${\stackrel{\wedge }{V}}_{\mathrm{T}}$(t)=Dir(t)(Req//jXLm)
式中:${\stackrel{\wedge }{i}}_{\mathrm{r}}$(t)、${\stackrel{\wedge }{V}}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}}$(t)、${\stackrel{\wedge }{V}}_{\mathrm{T}}$(t)分别为谐振电流、输入电压以及变压器端电压的基波分量;j表示虚部;D为间歇占空比;XrXLm分别为谐振电感和励磁电感处的电抗。
输入电压与变压器端电压之间的相位差可以近似忽略,当开关频率大于谐振频率时,变压器原边电压一直被输出电压钳位,可认为其与输出电压相等[14-16]。由此可以得到输出电压与谐振电流的幅值为
${\stackrel{\wedge }{V}}_{\mathrm{o}}$=${\stackrel{\wedge }{V}}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}}/\left[1+\frac{j{X}_{\mathrm{r}}}{D({R}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}//\mathrm{j}{X}_{\mathrm{L}\mathrm{m}})}\right]$
${\stackrel{\wedge }{i}}_{\mathrm{r}}$(t)=${\stackrel{\wedge }{V}}_{\mathrm{o}}$(t)/(D|Req//jXLm|)
根据式(9),间歇控制中电压增益与占空比存在非线性的正向联系,即占空比减小,电压增益随之降低。此外,负载电阻增大时,间歇控制的调节能力会随之减弱,这是因为当负载电阻较大且占空比发生变化时,谐振电流随之增加,补偿了因占空比降低导致的输出电压下降。
谐振电流可以进而表示为
${\stackrel{\wedge }{i}}_{\mathrm{r}}$(t)=$\frac{{\stackrel{\wedge }{V}}_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}}\left(t\right)-{\stackrel{\wedge }{V}}_{\mathrm{o}}\left(t\right)}{\mathrm{j}{X}_{\mathrm{r}}}$
式(10)中:
Xr=ωsLr-$\frac{1}{{\omega }_{\mathrm{s}}{C}_{\mathrm{r}}}$
式(11)中:ωs为谐振角频率。
从式(11)中可知,间歇控制模式下,谐振电流的大小仅取决于输入输出电压,而与占空比无关。
综上所述,间歇控制通过精确控制开关管的开通和关断时间,使得全桥LLC谐振变换器能够在轻负载下保持稳定的输出电压。但在低电压输出时,高频与低频纹波均增加,系统效率也会下降。
传统间歇控制策略[17-18]存在的问题主要有两点。
问题1 传统间歇控制在间歇关断时间禁用所有开关管,通过减少原边开关管与副边二极管的开通关断次数来减小开关损耗,这种方法仅提升了间歇关断时间内的工作效率,并未对间歇导通时间内的效率进行优化,间歇控制期间变换器还可能会失去软开关特性,因此其效率提升幅度有限。
问题2 间歇控制策略在间歇导通和间歇关断状态之间切换,输出电压的纹波较大。
为解决上述两个问题,提出一种改进型间歇控制策略,其原理如图4所示。其改进的地方有两点。
改进1 在间歇开通期间,开关管的工作频率保持在谐振频率,对于全桥LLC谐振变换器,谐振频率附近是变换器的最佳工作效率点,工作在谐振频率上可以将进一步提高间歇控制策略的效率。
改进2 判断间歇导通与间歇关断的切换条件不完全由输出电压滞环决定,在间歇关断期间,当输出电压达到输出电压最小值时,进入间歇导通状态,间歇导通时间Ton设置为定值,在Ton结束后自动进入间歇关断状态,以此循环往复。在传统间歇控制策略中,输出电压的纹波大小由输出电压最大值和输出电压最小值决定,而在改进型间歇控制策略中,输出电压纹波大小由间歇导通时间决定,间歇导通时间越短,输出电压纹波越小。
图5为正常模式和轻载模式的切换流程图。正常模式即为变换器负载为重载时,采用的控制策略为变频控制,轻载模式用于负载较小时,采用本节提出的改进型间歇控制策略。当实际负载小于临界负载Pburst时,变换器工作在轻载模式;当实际负载大于临界负载Pburst时,变换器工作在正常模式。为防止变换器在两个模式之间频繁切换,设置临界负载为滞环,滞环宽度为ΔP
为了更好地验证混合控制策略的可行性,在MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台中搭建模型,模型拓扑如图1所示,变换器参数如表1所示,对比传统间歇控制策略与改进型间歇控制策略的仿真波形。
轻载模式的适用情况是变换器处于低压轻载时,变换器的参数设置为:输入电压24 V,期望输出电压20 V,开关频率50 kHz,临界负载24 W,临界负载的滞环宽度1 W。
图6为传统间歇控制策略负载电流为0.6 A时的细节波形,由于进入轻载模式后,其变频控制仍旧发挥作用,其开关频率在67.1~67.2 kHz发生变化,而不是工作在谐振频率处。
图7图8分别为变换器负载电流为0.6 A和0.4 A时改进型间歇模式的仿真波形。波形从上到下分别为开关管驱动波形,输出电压纹波波形以及谐振电流波形。从图7图8中可以看出,改进型间歇控制策略的输出电压纹波基本被限制在0.25 V左右;随着负载减小,间歇关断的时间逐渐延长;负载的变化几乎不会影响到谐振电流和电压纹波的大小。
对比可知,在传统间歇控制策略下,输出电压的纹波大小由输出电压最大值和输出电压最小值决定,而在改进型间歇控制策略中,输出电压纹波大小由间歇导通时间决定,因此传统间歇控制策略的输出电压纹波要大于改进型间歇控制策略。
实验通过100 W的原理样机进行测试,图9为实验测试平台,包含直流电源、示波器、电流探头、电压探头、电子负载等。实验原理样机的参数与仿真保持一致,利用所制作的实验原理样机完成对仿真结果的验证。
变换器负载电流分别为0.6 A和0.4 A的实验波形见图10图11,VGS-Q1为Q1开关管驱动信号,Vo为输出电压,iLr为谐振电感电流,波形从上至下分别为开关管驱动波形,输出电压纹波波形以及谐振电流波形。从图10图11中可以看出,实验波形与仿真波形基本一致,开关频率仍工作在谐振频率处,固定为50 kHz,输出电压无明显波动,两次实验中谐振电流的大小和波形基本保持不变,负载的变化几乎不会影响到谐振电流和电压纹波的大小。
图12图13是采用改进型间歇控制策略负载电流分别为0.6 A和0.4 A时的输出电压纹波波形,将输出电压纹波波形放大可以看出,在负载变化时,改进型间歇控制策略的输出电压纹波大小基本不变,输出电压纹波只在间歇导通时发生波动,纹波大小由间歇导通时间决定,电压纹波最大峰峰值小于240 mV,且均小于输出电压的1%。
图14图15分别为变换器正常运行模式与间歇模式之间切换的波形,可以看到,变换器从正常模式切换为轻载间歇模式与变换器从轻载间歇模式切换回正常模式,两个模式的切换过程中并没有产生较大的振荡,开关频率保持工作在谐振频率处,输出电压无明显波动,切换点电压波动小,轻载模式下谐振电流对比正常运行模式幅值无明显变化,仅保持间歇性波动,系统在整体切换过程冲运行状态平稳。
变换器分别采用传统间歇控制和改进型间歇控制时的实验效率对比曲线如图16所示。可知,在负载较低时,随着功率的升高,变换器的工作效率呈现递增趋势,且随着负载功率的增加,效率提升的速度减缓。在传统间歇控制策略下,变换器在2.4 W的轻载条件下,其效率仅为80.4%。相同轻载条件下,改进型间歇控制策略的效率提升至84.5%。测试2.4~24 W的10个不同的轻载负载点,效率的最大提升幅度为4.1%,平均提升幅度为1.46%。验证了改进型间歇控制策略在提升变换器轻载效率方面的有效性。
为了提高全桥LLC谐振变换器在轻载状态下的效率,通过分析全桥LLC谐振变换器在传统的间歇控制策略下轻载效率提升有限且输出电压纹波较大的原因,提出了一种改进型间歇控制方法,在间歇工作时间内固定间歇开通时间,在间歇开通时间内开关频率固定为谐振频率,这种方法有效地提升了变换器在轻载时的效率,同时减小输出电压纹波,实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。
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2025年第25卷第9期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405247
  • 接收时间:2024-07-12
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-03-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-12
  • 修回日期:2024-12-31
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中国南方电网有限责任公司创新项目(YNKJXM20222521)
作者信息
    1 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院, 昆明 650214
    2 西安微电子技术研究所, 西安 710018
    3 西安交通大学电气工程学院, 西安 710049

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* 张旭鑫(1999—),男,汉族,山西运城人,硕士,工程师。研究方向:电源变换技术。E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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