Article(id=1149781957476836264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149781952959574654, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2400817, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1706371200000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-28, revisedDate=1733241600000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752058980578, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1743091200000, pubDateStr=2025-03-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752058980578, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752058980578, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752058980578, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149781952959574654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='9', pageStart='3529', pageEnd='3967', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752058979501, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1776333392421, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1251596220226027613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149781952959574654, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1251596220226027614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149781952959574654, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3604, endPage=3612, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149781957795603371, articleId=1149781957476836264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Meta Analysis of the Correlation between Aerobic Exercise and Cardiac Function, Lipid Metabolism, and Inflammation in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease, columnId=1156262732384031076, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Medicine, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the correlation between aerobic exercise and cardiac function, lipid metabolism, and inflammation in patients with cardiovascular disease, by searching PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases for relevant studies on the effects of aerobic exercise on cardiac function, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory factors in patients with cardiovascular disease, Meta-analysis and correlation analysis were conducted using RevMan5.4 and R software. The results show that aerobic exercise significantly reduces B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) [SMD=-0.84, 95% CI (-1.34, - 0.34), P=0.001], systolic blood pressure (SBP) [SMD=- 0.55, 95% CI (-0.86, - 0.25), P=0.000 4], and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) [SMD=- 0.99, 95% CI (-1.67, - 0.32), P=0.004], LDL [SMD=- 0.53, 95% CI (- 0.89, - 0.18), P=0.003], and C-reactive protein (CRP) [SMD=-0.53, 95% CI (-0.90, -0.16), P=0.005]. CRP is positively correlated with HDL, LDL, and DBP, with correlation coefficients of 0.35, 0.26, and 0.28, respectively. CRP is negatively correlated with SBP, with correlation coefficients of -0.31. From this, it can be seen that aerobic exercise can improve heart function, lipid metabolism, and levels of inflammatory factors to a certain extent in patients with cardiovascular diseases, and there is a correlation between heart function, lipid metabolism, and inflammation.

, correspAuthors=Yan-li XIE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Guo-dong ZHANG, Si-ang WEI, Jin-xia GAO, Hui HE, Feng PAN, Yan-li XIE), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149781971330621468, articleId=1149781957476836264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于Meta分析有氧运动与心血管疾病患者心脏功能、脂质代谢和炎症的关联性, columnId=1156262732526637414, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·医药、卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探索有氧运动与心血管疾病患者心脏功能、脂质代谢和炎症关联性,通过检索PubMed、Embase、Scopus和中国知网(CNKI)数据库中有氧运动与心血管疾病患者心脏功能、脂质代谢和炎性因子影响的相关研究,利用RevMan5.4和R软件进行Meta和关联性分析。结果表明:有氧运动显著降低了B型利钠肽(B-type natriuretic peptide, BNP)[标准化均数差(standardized mean difference, SMD) =-0.84,95%CI (-1.34,-0.34), P = 0.001]、收缩压(SBP) [SMD = -0.55,95%CI(-0.86, -0.25), P= 0.000 4]和舒张压 (DBP) [SMD =-0.99, 95%CI(-1.67, -0.32),P = 0.004] 、LDL [SMD = -0.53, 95%CI(-0.89, -0.18),P = 0.003]和C-反应蛋白(CRP) [SMD = -0.53, 95%CI(-0.90, -0.16),P = 0.005]。CRP和HDL、LDL、DBP呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.35、0.26和0.28;CRP与SBP呈负相关,相关系数为-0.31。由此可见,心血管疾病患者参与有氧运动能够在一定程度改善心脏功能、脂质代谢和炎症因子水平,并且心脏功能和脂质代谢、炎症之间存在相关性。

, correspAuthors=谢艳丽, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 谢艳丽(1988—),女,汉族,山东聊城人,硕士,副教授。研究方向:体育运动与健康促进。E-mail:
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张国栋(1989—),男,汉族,山东淄博人,博士,副教授。研究方向:体育运动与健康促进。E-mail:

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张国栋(1989—),男,汉族,山东淄博人,博士,副教授。研究方向:体育运动与健康促进。E-mail:

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random sequence generation(selection bias)表示随机序列产生(参与偏倚);allocation concealment(selection bias)表示分配隐藏(参与偏倚);blinding of participants and personnel(performance bias)表示参与者和研究人员的双盲情况(执行偏倚);blinding of participants and personnel(detection bias)表示参与者和研究人员的双盲情况(检测偏倚);incomplete outcome data(attrition bias)表示不全的结局数据(失访偏倚);selective reporting(reporting bias)表示选择性报告(报告偏倚);other bias表示其他偏倚

, figureFileSmall=4Ej6LfSdFXLtm/N1jHvNTw==, figureFileBig=+WPO/qABGAx+L5gT6+yJiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251595995721711649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957476836264, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Correlation of various indicators, figureFileSmall=fYvx3MUGUjc9efvuz4OhuA==, figureFileBig=qS6fxoQ4PCA3AKeGeJhf2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251595995818180642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957476836264, language=CN, label=图3, caption=各项指标相关性, figureFileSmall=fYvx3MUGUjc9efvuz4OhuA==, figureFileBig=qS6fxoQ4PCA3AKeGeJhf2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251595995910455331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957476836264, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic characteristics of included research literature

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
第一作者和年份 国家 疾病 基本特征 干预措施 周期 主要结果
人数(实验
组/对照)
基线
年龄/岁
基线体质
指数/(kg·m-2)
实验 对照
Buchan D S等,
2011年
英国 心血管 17/17 16.4±6.07 21.6±2.2 强化和耐力
锻炼
无干预 7周 SBP, DBP, HDL,
LDL, CRP, IL-6
Taylor B A等,2014年 美国 动脉粥
样硬化
42/42 46±13 24.0±1.2 耐力锻炼 无干预 3个月 SBP,DBP,HDL,
LDL,CRP
PihlE等,2003年 爱沙
尼亚
心血管 29/24 48.0±6.1 耐力运动 无干预 23.1年 SBP,DBP,HDL,
LDL,CRP
Vance D D等,2014年 美国 心血管 19/22 18-45 耐力运动 无干预 17周 SBP,DBP,HDL,
LDL,CRP
Kwaśniewska M等,
2016年
波兰 动脉粥
样硬化
15/26 59.7±9.0 24.3±2.8 有氧运动 无干预 25年 SBP,DBP,HDL,
LDL,CRP
Abolahrari-shirazi S等,
2018年
伊朗 冠心病 25/25 57.32±9.41 26.10±3.86 有氧跑步 无任何干预 7周 BNP,CRP
Ahmad T等,2014年 英国 冠心病 477/451 59.0±8.2 有氧运动 无任何干预 3个月 BNP,CRP
Fu T C,2013年 中国 心衰 15/15 67.5±1.8 有氧间歇
训练
无任何干预 12周 BNP,SBP,DBP,
HDL,LDL
Adamopoulos S等,
2014年
比利时 慢性心力
衰竭
21/22 57.8±11.7 28.6±6.7 有氧间歇
训练
无任何干预 3个月 BNP,SBP,CRP
Kawauchi T S等,
2017年
希腊 慢性心力
衰竭
13/13 62±12 27±5 运动耐量
训练
无任何干预 8周 BNP
Radi B等,2017年 印尼 心力
衰竭
48/65 51.8±2.5 有氧运动 无任何干预 2年 BNP
Masterson Creber
R M等,2015年
美国 慢性心
力衰竭
163/157 69.4±7.2 28.2±4.8 有氧运动 无任何干预 1年 BNP,SBP,DBP,CRP
Giallauria F等,2008年 意大利 心肌
梗死
30/31 55.9±3.1 25.6±2.4 有氧运动 无任何干预 6个月 BNP,SBP
Sandri M等,2012年 德国 慢性心
力衰竭
15/15 50±19.36 29±7.74 耐力训练 无任何干预 4个月 SBP,DBP,BNP
Wisl􀱼ff U等,2007年 挪威 心力
衰竭
9/9 76.5±9 24.5±3 有氧间隔
训练
无任何干预 12周 BNP,SBP,DBP,
HDL,LDL
Van Berendoncks
A M等,2010年
比利时 慢性心
力衰竭
46/46 57.5±10.8 25.1±4.4 耐力训练 无任何干预 4个月 BNP
Delagardelle C等,
2008年
美国 缺血性
慢性心力
衰竭
45/15 59.3±5.9 28.56±4.9 有氧运动 无任何干预 1年 BNP,SBP,DBP
Eleuteri E等,2013年 意大利 慢性心
力衰竭
11/10 66±2 氧运动训练 无任何干预 3个月 BNP,CRP,IL-6
彭欢欢等,2022年 中国 急性心肌
梗死
50/50 46.08±7.97 24.49±1.77 有氧运动 无任何干预 12周 SBP,DBP,HDL,LDL
盛富强等,2020年 中国 冠心病 20/20 65.2±5.8 25.8±2.1 有氧运动 无任何干预 12周 SBP,DBP,HDL,LDL
), ArticleFig(id=1251595996002730020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957476836264, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

纳入研究文献的基本特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
第一作者和年份 国家 疾病 基本特征 干预措施 周期 主要结果
人数(实验
组/对照)
基线
年龄/岁
基线体质
指数/(kg·m-2)
实验 对照
Buchan D S等,
2011年
英国 心血管 17/17 16.4±6.07 21.6±2.2 强化和耐力
锻炼
无干预 7周 SBP, DBP, HDL,
LDL, CRP, IL-6
Taylor B A等,2014年 美国 动脉粥
样硬化
42/42 46±13 24.0±1.2 耐力锻炼 无干预 3个月 SBP,DBP,HDL,
LDL,CRP
PihlE等,2003年 爱沙
尼亚
心血管 29/24 48.0±6.1 耐力运动 无干预 23.1年 SBP,DBP,HDL,
LDL,CRP
Vance D D等,2014年 美国 心血管 19/22 18-45 耐力运动 无干预 17周 SBP,DBP,HDL,
LDL,CRP
Kwaśniewska M等,
2016年
波兰 动脉粥
样硬化
15/26 59.7±9.0 24.3±2.8 有氧运动 无干预 25年 SBP,DBP,HDL,
LDL,CRP
Abolahrari-shirazi S等,
2018年
伊朗 冠心病 25/25 57.32±9.41 26.10±3.86 有氧跑步 无任何干预 7周 BNP,CRP
Ahmad T等,2014年 英国 冠心病 477/451 59.0±8.2 有氧运动 无任何干预 3个月 BNP,CRP
Fu T C,2013年 中国 心衰 15/15 67.5±1.8 有氧间歇
训练
无任何干预 12周 BNP,SBP,DBP,
HDL,LDL
Adamopoulos S等,
2014年
比利时 慢性心力
衰竭
21/22 57.8±11.7 28.6±6.7 有氧间歇
训练
无任何干预 3个月 BNP,SBP,CRP
Kawauchi T S等,
2017年
希腊 慢性心力
衰竭
13/13 62±12 27±5 运动耐量
训练
无任何干预 8周 BNP
Radi B等,2017年 印尼 心力
衰竭
48/65 51.8±2.5 有氧运动 无任何干预 2年 BNP
Masterson Creber
R M等,2015年
美国 慢性心
力衰竭
163/157 69.4±7.2 28.2±4.8 有氧运动 无任何干预 1年 BNP,SBP,DBP,CRP
Giallauria F等,2008年 意大利 心肌
梗死
30/31 55.9±3.1 25.6±2.4 有氧运动 无任何干预 6个月 BNP,SBP
Sandri M等,2012年 德国 慢性心
力衰竭
15/15 50±19.36 29±7.74 耐力训练 无任何干预 4个月 SBP,DBP,BNP
Wisl􀱼ff U等,2007年 挪威 心力
衰竭
9/9 76.5±9 24.5±3 有氧间隔
训练
无任何干预 12周 BNP,SBP,DBP,
HDL,LDL
Van Berendoncks
A M等,2010年
比利时 慢性心
力衰竭
46/46 57.5±10.8 25.1±4.4 耐力训练 无任何干预 4个月 BNP
Delagardelle C等,
2008年
美国 缺血性
慢性心力
衰竭
45/15 59.3±5.9 28.56±4.9 有氧运动 无任何干预 1年 BNP,SBP,DBP
Eleuteri E等,2013年 意大利 慢性心
力衰竭
11/10 66±2 氧运动训练 无任何干预 3个月 BNP,CRP,IL-6
彭欢欢等,2022年 中国 急性心肌
梗死
50/50 46.08±7.97 24.49±1.77 有氧运动 无任何干预 12周 SBP,DBP,HDL,LDL
盛富强等,2020年 中国 冠心病 20/20 65.2±5.8 25.8±2.1 有氧运动 无任何干预 12周 SBP,DBP,HDL,LDL
), ArticleFig(id=1251595996074033189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957476836264, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Meta analysis results of aerobic exercise on cardiac function in cardiovascular patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 相关相检验 异质性检验
SMD (95% CI) Z P I2/% P
BNP -0.84(-1.34, -0.34) 3.28 0.001 0 94 <0.000 01
SBP -0.55(-0.86, -0.25) 3.56 0.000 4 77 <0.000 01
DBP -0.99(-0.86, -1.67) 2.87 0.004 0 94 <0.000 01
), ArticleFig(id=1251595996145336358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957476836264, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

有氧运动对心血管患者心脏功能的Meta分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 相关相检验 异质性检验
SMD (95% CI) Z P I2/% P
BNP -0.84(-1.34, -0.34) 3.28 0.001 0 94 <0.000 01
SBP -0.55(-0.86, -0.25) 3.56 0.000 4 77 <0.000 01
DBP -0.99(-0.86, -1.67) 2.87 0.004 0 94 <0.000 01
), ArticleFig(id=1251595996216639527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957476836264, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Meta analysis results of aerobic exercise on lipids and inflammatory factors in cardiovascular patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 相关相检验 异质性检验
SMD (95% CI) Z P I2/% P
HDL -0.22(-0.29, -0.72) 0.85 0.400 84 <0.000 01
LDL -0.53(-0.89, -0.18) 2.96 0.003 71 0.000 5
CRP -0.53(-0.90, -0.16) 2.79 0.005 88 <0.000 01
IL-6 -0.23(-0.76, 0.30) 0.85 0.040 0 0.99
), ArticleFig(id=1251595996287942696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957476836264, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

有氧运动对心血管患者脂质和炎症因子的Meta分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 相关相检验 异质性检验
SMD (95% CI) Z P I2/% P
HDL -0.22(-0.29, -0.72) 0.85 0.400 84 <0.000 01
LDL -0.53(-0.89, -0.18) 2.96 0.003 71 0.000 5
CRP -0.53(-0.90, -0.16) 2.79 0.005 88 <0.000 01
IL-6 -0.23(-0.76, 0.30) 0.85 0.040 0 0.99
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基于Meta分析有氧运动与心血管疾病患者心脏功能、脂质代谢和炎症的关联性
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张国栋 1 , 魏思昂 2, 3 , 高金霞 4 , 何晖 1 , 潘峰 4 , 谢艳丽 1, *
科学技术与工程 | 论文·医药、卫生 2025,25(9): 3604-3612
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·医药、卫生 2025, 25(9): 3604-3612
基于Meta分析有氧运动与心血管疾病患者心脏功能、脂质代谢和炎症的关联性
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张国栋1 , 魏思昂2, 3, 高金霞4, 何晖1, 潘峰4, 谢艳丽1, *
作者信息
  • 1 山西农业大学体育部, 太谷 030801
  • 2 山西农业大学生命科学学院, 太谷 030801
  • 3 复旦大学附属中山医院, 上海 200032
  • 4 四川大学体育学院, 成都 610065
  • 张国栋(1989—),男,汉族,山东淄博人,博士,副教授。研究方向:体育运动与健康促进。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 谢艳丽(1988—),女,汉族,山东聊城人,硕士,副教授。研究方向:体育运动与健康促进。E-mail:
Meta Analysis of the Correlation between Aerobic Exercise and Cardiac Function, Lipid Metabolism, and Inflammation in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
Guo-dong ZHANG1 , Si-ang WEI2, 3, Jin-xia GAO4, Hui HE1, Feng PAN4, Yan-li XIE1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Department of Physical Education, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
  • 2 College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
  • 3 Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
  • 4 College of Physical Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
出版时间: 2025-03-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2400817
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为探索有氧运动与心血管疾病患者心脏功能、脂质代谢和炎症关联性,通过检索PubMed、Embase、Scopus和中国知网(CNKI)数据库中有氧运动与心血管疾病患者心脏功能、脂质代谢和炎性因子影响的相关研究,利用RevMan5.4和R软件进行Meta和关联性分析。结果表明:有氧运动显著降低了B型利钠肽(B-type natriuretic peptide, BNP)[标准化均数差(standardized mean difference, SMD) =-0.84,95%CI (-1.34,-0.34), P = 0.001]、收缩压(SBP) [SMD = -0.55,95%CI(-0.86, -0.25), P= 0.000 4]和舒张压 (DBP) [SMD =-0.99, 95%CI(-1.67, -0.32),P = 0.004] 、LDL [SMD = -0.53, 95%CI(-0.89, -0.18),P = 0.003]和C-反应蛋白(CRP) [SMD = -0.53, 95%CI(-0.90, -0.16),P = 0.005]。CRP和HDL、LDL、DBP呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.35、0.26和0.28;CRP与SBP呈负相关,相关系数为-0.31。由此可见,心血管疾病患者参与有氧运动能够在一定程度改善心脏功能、脂质代谢和炎症因子水平,并且心脏功能和脂质代谢、炎症之间存在相关性。

有氧运动  /  心血管疾病  /  心脏功能  /  脂质代谢  /  炎症  /  C-反应蛋白  /  关联性分析

To investigate the correlation between aerobic exercise and cardiac function, lipid metabolism, and inflammation in patients with cardiovascular disease, by searching PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases for relevant studies on the effects of aerobic exercise on cardiac function, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory factors in patients with cardiovascular disease, Meta-analysis and correlation analysis were conducted using RevMan5.4 and R software. The results show that aerobic exercise significantly reduces B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) [SMD=-0.84, 95% CI (-1.34, - 0.34), P=0.001], systolic blood pressure (SBP) [SMD=- 0.55, 95% CI (-0.86, - 0.25), P=0.000 4], and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) [SMD=- 0.99, 95% CI (-1.67, - 0.32), P=0.004], LDL [SMD=- 0.53, 95% CI (- 0.89, - 0.18), P=0.003], and C-reactive protein (CRP) [SMD=-0.53, 95% CI (-0.90, -0.16), P=0.005]. CRP is positively correlated with HDL, LDL, and DBP, with correlation coefficients of 0.35, 0.26, and 0.28, respectively. CRP is negatively correlated with SBP, with correlation coefficients of -0.31. From this, it can be seen that aerobic exercise can improve heart function, lipid metabolism, and levels of inflammatory factors to a certain extent in patients with cardiovascular diseases, and there is a correlation between heart function, lipid metabolism, and inflammation.

aerobic exercise  /  cardiovascular disease  /  cardiac function  /  lipid metabolism  /  inflammation  /  C-reactive protein  /  correlation analysis
张国栋, 魏思昂, 高金霞, 何晖, 潘峰, 谢艳丽. 基于Meta分析有氧运动与心血管疾病患者心脏功能、脂质代谢和炎症的关联性. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (9) : 3604 -3612 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2400817
Guo-dong ZHANG, Si-ang WEI, Jin-xia GAO, Hui HE, Feng PAN, Yan-li XIE. Meta Analysis of the Correlation between Aerobic Exercise and Cardiac Function, Lipid Metabolism, and Inflammation in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (9) : 3604 -3612 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2400817
心血管疾病是全球死亡的主要原因[1]。尽管在过去的几十年里,心血管疾病的诊断和治疗策略取得了巨大进展,但其预后仍然相对较差,给全球医疗保健系统带来了沉重负担[2]。近年来,随着生活和饮食习惯的改变,心血管疾病的发病率不断上升,已成为中国预防和治疗的主要疾病之一[3]。改善脂质代谢、炎症因素,如高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein, HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein, LDL)和C-反应蛋白 (C-reactive protein,CRP)等,是心血管疾病治疗过程的主要目标[4-5]
心脏是循环系统的中枢器官,它维持血液的流动以及营养物质向不同细胞和组织的运输[6]。功能良好的心脏状态是一种复杂的可变模式,可根据机体代谢需求调控心脏的节律和收缩[7]。B型利钠肽(B-type natriuretic peptide, BNP)作为心肌拉伸标志物,被认为是心衰疾病预防、诊断、预后、管理和评估的标志物[8]。血压与心血管风险存在密切的因果关系,当血压升高后,心血管系统可能会出现不适症状。如心脏负荷增加、血管壁损伤、血管内膜增厚等[9]。有氧运动对脂质代谢和炎症的影响已经在临床试验中得到证实[10]。然而,没有系统综述和Meta分析证实它们在心血管疾病患者中的影响。
运动训练(特别是有氧运动)作为一种现代康复医学重要的治疗手段之一,已经越来越多地被关注,因为它是一种低成本的治疗方法,与药物治疗相比,副作用的风险最小,并且能够产生许多对身体健康有益的结果[5]。一些研究认为有氧运动对心血管患者的益处没有显著差异,而另一些研究认为有氧运动的效果对心血管患者具有治疗作用[11]。为了解决这些争议,现采用随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial, RCT)进行Meta分析,并在此基础上分析BNP、收缩压(systolic blood pressure, SBP)、舒张压(diastolic blood pressure, DBP)、HDL、LDL、CRP、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6, IL6)的关联性,以期为心血管疾病的治疗和预防提供研究基础。
研究于2023年6月对文章进行搜索,并于2024年1月使用以下电子数据库进行更新: PubMed、 Embase、Scopus和CNKI。搜索词包括“心血管疾病”“有氧运动”“有氧训练”“BNP”“SBP”“DBP”“LDL”“HDL”“CRP”“IL-6”以及相关中英文术语。搜索过程中没有任何时间和语言限制。只有符合条件的英文和中文文献才被考虑进行审查。该审查是根据系统审查和Meta分析的首选报告项目(preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta analyses, PRISMA)的指导方针进行。3位独立作者回顾了每个阶段的研究,并根据PRISMA流程图(图1) 进行管理。然后决定纳入是否合适。3名研究人员之间的任何分歧都通过共识得到解决,以确定是否纳入该研究。
评估了心脏功能(BNP、SBP、DBP)、血液指标(LDL、HDL、CRP和IL-6)的临床试验作为纳入结果的依据。在这项研究中,有氧运动被认为是任何类型的训练。所有类型的动态阻力训练,无论强度、频率或训练持续时间如何,都被认为是合格的。
(1)只纳入了RCT,语言为中/英文,RCT是一种测试一种治疗或药物在医疗保健中效果的手段,这通常被认为是临床证据的金标准。
(2)所有心血管疾病患者,没有年龄限制,疾病类型包括急性(慢性)冠心病、心绞痛、心律失常、心力衰竭,其原因为高血压、高脂血症、动脉粥样硬化等。
(3)干预类型:需要对患者进行分组,包括至少2组,其中一组采用有氧训练,另一组为非干预,本研究可能有其他对照组(如常规运动组),但其数据不纳入Meta分析。
(4)运动无其他干预措施。
(1)非原创文章(编辑信、简短报告、案例研究、方法、评论文章和系统回顾和Meta分析文章)。
(2)动物研究。
(3)无运动组研究。
(4)无对照组研究。
(5)运动组和/或对照组研究。
(6)饮食干预研究。
(7)加重心衰相关药物,如非甾体抗炎药,钙通道阻滞剂和大多数抗心律失常药物。
(8)没有提供干预与所选结果之间关联信息的研究。
(9)纳入试验的重复发表或亚研究。
任何分歧都通过所有团队人员之间的讨论并得到解决。每个研究的数据特征提取如下。
(1)第一作者和年份。
(2)国家。
(3)参与者特征包括样本量、年龄和体重指数(body mass index,BMI)。
(4)干预措施。
(5)实验周期。
(6)结果。包括BNP、SBP、DBP、HDL、LDL、CRP和 IL-6。
将检验前和检验后的值(平均值和标准差)或平均值和标准差输入Meta分析,以生成森林图。如果没有报告平均值和标准差,则根据标准误差、中位数、范围和/或四分位数范围计算。如果研究有多个运动干预组,则包括有氧运动组与对照组、阻力组与对照组的数据。此外,对于有一个以上的测试后干预期进行评估的研究,只考虑了最后一段测试后干预期。
纳入研究的方法质量评估根据Cochrane提出的标准进行:适当使用随机序列、分配隐藏、参与者盲法,评估者对结果的盲法,以及损失和排除的描述。当这些过程在已发表的文档中被描述时,它被认为已经满足了标准,这些研究被归类为“低风险”偏倚,相反,那些不符合标准的研究被归类为“高风险”偏倚。未报告这些数据的研究被归类为“风险不明确”。质量评估由4名评审员独立进行,分歧通过共识或第5位审核人解决。
采用随机效应的Meta分析评估结果,合并BNP、SBP、DBP、HDL、LDL、CRP和 IL-6评分变化的差异,并使用95% CI建立BNP、SBP、DBP、HDL、LDL、CRP和 IL-6的随机效应模型。估计最终值的标准化平均差异,以避免使用不同测量和报告结果的效应差异。研究间的异质性采用q统计进行检验和I2值进行量化。BNP、SBP、DBP、HDL、LDL、CRP和 IL-6之间的关联性用Pearson相关系数P进行表示。其中n为样本量,分别为两个变量的观测值和均值。绝对值越大表明相关性越强。取值在-1~1,若P>0,表明两个变量是正相关,即一个变量的值越大,另一个变量的值也会越大;若P<0,表明两个变量是负相关,即一个变量的值越大另一个变量的值反而会越小。绝对值越大表明相关性越强,要注意的是这里并不存在因果关系。若P=0,表明两个变量间不是线性相关。计算公式为
P=$\frac{\stackrel{n}{\sum _{i=1}}({X}_{i}-\overline{X})({Y}_{i}-\overline{Y})}{\sqrt{\stackrel{n}{\sum _{i=1}}\left({X}_{i}{-\overline{X})}^{2}\right({Y}_{i}{-\overline{Y})}^{2}}}$
式(1)中:XY为变量;n为样本数量;XiYi为第i个样本点值;$\overline{X}$$\overline{Y}$为所有样本点对应的平均值。
在搜索策略中,通过在线数据库确定了1 286篇文献。去除重复文献后,鉴定出1 150篇文献,经过标题和摘要筛选后,1 239篇被排除,纳入47篇文章。全文评审后最终纳入20篇[12-31]进行分析。纳入文献流程如图1所示。涉及中国、美国、英国、爱沙尼亚和波兰等多个国家的2 139名心血管疾病患者,年龄范围为16.4~76.5岁,疾病类型包含动脉粥样硬化、冠心病、慢性心力衰竭和急性心肌梗死等。其中,有氧运动组和对照组分别有1 110人和1 029人。纳入文献基本特征如表1所示。
在纳入的20项研究[12-31]中,英文文献18篇,中文文献2篇,文献发表日期为2007—2022年。其中20篇(100%)文献采用了随机序列法,19篇(95%)文献进行了分配隐蔽性,15篇(75%)文献设计了盲法,13篇(65%)文献对结果进行盲法评估,16篇(80%)文献具有完整的数据,17篇(85%)文献为选择性报告,8篇(40%)文献为其他偏倚性(图2)。
为了显示有氧运动与心血管患者心脏功能的相关性,研究对心脏功能指标BNP、SBP和DBP进行了分析。关于BNP的数据来自13项研究,包括1 788名参与者,其中有氧运动组896名,对照组892名。BNP异质性结果显示,I2= 58%,P<0.000 01, 因此,选用随机效应模型。与对照组相比,实验组BNP显著降低(P=0.001),标准化均数差(standardized mean difference, SMD)为-0.84,95%CI (-1.34, -0.34);关于SBP水平的数据来自14项研究,有氧运动组468名,对照组473名。与对照组相比,有氧运动显著降低了心血管患者的SBP(P=0.001),SMD为-0.55, I2= 77%(表2);关于DBP水平的数据来自12项研究,包括837名参与者,实验组417名,对照组420名。与对照组相比,有氧运动显著降低了心血管患者的DBP水平(P = 0.004),SMD为-0.99,95%CI(-0.86, -1.67), I2 = 94%(表2)。
脂质和炎症因子在心血管患者的健康中起着重要作用。研究对心血管患者HDL、LDL、CRP和IL-6进行了分析(表3), 9项研究提供了有关HDL水平的数据,这些研究包括441名参与者,实验组216名,对照组225名。与对照组相比,有氧运动提高了心血管患者HDL水平,SMD为-0.22,95% CI(-0.29, -0.72),但是并不具有统计学意义(P= 0.40);9项研究提供了有关LDL水平的数据,包括243名有氧运动者,对照组258名,有氧运动显著降低心血管患者LDL水平,SMD为-0.53,95% CI(-0.89, -0.18)(P= 0.003);有关CRP的数据来自10项研究,包括1 643名参与者,有氧运动组829名,对照组814名。有氧运动显著降低心血管患者CRP水平SMD为-0.53,95% CI (-0.90, -0.16),(P = 0.005);关于IL-6的数据来自2项研究,有氧运动组28名,对照组27名。有氧运动降低了心血管患者IL-6水平,SMD为-0.23, 95% CI (-0.76, 0.30),但是并不具有统计学意义 (P= 0.40)。
为了进一步分析各项指标在心血管患者的关联性,研究对各文献纳入指标变化水平的状况和关联性进行了分析。图3(a)显示纳入文献中BNP、SBP、DBP、HDL、LDL、CRP和IL-6变化差异,在运动后,BNP、SBP、DBP、HDL、LDL、CRP和IL-6均有不同程度降低,特别是心衰标志物BNP显著降低,心脏功能得到明显改善。图3(b)采用R包绘制热图,分析BNP、SBP、DBP、HDL、LDL、CRP和IL-6相关性。红色系表示两个基因之间呈正相关,蓝色系表示两个基因之间呈负相关,每一格中的数字表示相关系数。在有氧运动情干预心血管患者情况下,HDL和LDL呈正相关,相关系数为0.78;SBP和DBP呈正相关,相关系数为0.73;CRP和HDL、LDL、DBP呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.35、0.26和0.28;CRP与SBP呈负相关,相关系数为-0.31。SBP与HDL、LDL呈负相关,相关系数分别为-0.25、-0.23。
先前已有研究分析有氧运动与心血管疾病之间的关系[32-34]。但是很少有研究关注有氧运动对心脏功能、脂质代谢和炎症之间的关联。研究主要证实了以下结论:
(1)有氧运动降低了心血管患者BNP水平,提高心脏收缩和舒张功能。
(2)有氧运动降低了心血管患者LDL和CRP水平。
(3)在心血管患者中,HDL、LDL和SBP、DBP呈正相关;CRP与HDL、LDL、DBP呈正相关,和SBP呈负相关。
与其他Meta分析而言,纳入心衰标志物BNP并对心血管疾病患者风险因子关联性分析是本研究的区别。
研究报道显示内源性多肽标记物,如BNP,主要由心脏组织分泌[35-36]。内源性多肽对心血管系统起着重要生理调控作用,如血管舒张和利钠肽作用[37]。最近关于BNP的临床研究报道显示,心衰患者体内BNP在左心室拉伸、壁应力和心肌拉伸增加的病理生理起重要作用[38],心血管患者运动训练后BNP水平显著下降[39]。在研究中,有氧运动显著降低BNP在心血管患者水平,这与之前的研究[40]结果一致。SBP和DBP是心脏处于收缩和舒张时血流对血管壁产生的压力值,是评估心脏功能健康特征的重要指标。在心血管患者中,SBP的升高增加了死亡风险,DBP对死亡率影响不大,本研究中,有氧运动显著降低心血管患者血压指标 (SBP和DBP)水平 (P<0.05),这项研究证实了有氧运动对心血管患者心脏功能和生存具有积极意义。
LDL是冠状动脉粥样硬化疾病的独立危险因素(增加1%~2%可导致心血管风险升高2%~4%)[41]。在研究中,有氧运动显著降低脂质LDL水平(P= 0.004),这表明有氧运动可能是冠状动脉粥样硬化、血脂异常和代谢综合征的潜在治疗方法。此外,考虑到脂质和心血管风险之间的关联没有较低的阈值[42],在基线时具有最佳脂质浓度的个体中,这种程度的改善似乎仍然具有临床意义。CRP作为全身炎症的一个重要标志,Fedewa等[43]的研究分析了运动对CRP的影响,发现无论年龄和性别差异,运动均能改善体内CRP水平[44]。这与本研究结果一致,有氧运动训练导致CRP水平下降(P= 0.005),这为临床治疗心血管疾病提供重要意义。
关联性分析显示CRP与脂质水平因子HDL、LDL呈正相关,表明有氧运动可能通过调控心血管患者CRP进而降低HDL和LDL水平; CRP与SBP呈负相关,表明机体炎症水平同样影响了心脏收缩功能,CRP与BNP的正向调控关系也正好说明了这一观点。总之,通过关联分析表明CRP可能是心血管疾病发生和死亡的关键因子。因此,对于心血管疾病的治疗中针对CRP为靶点的药物可能是一个不错的思路。但是关于有氧运动过程中炎症因子CRP对心血管患者的调控脂质代谢和心脏生理功能的水平是有限的,并不能替代药物治疗的作用。
虽然这项研究的结果在基础和临床均有积极意义,但必须从以下潜在的局限性来看待。首先,应该强调许多实验的方法学质量较差。其次,尽管在主要结果中观察到很大程度的异质性,但基于敏感性分析和元回归,仍无法确定这种异质性的任何重要来源。像所有的综述一样,Meta分析也受到可用或可获得数据的限制。
该研究意义在于使用Meta分析方法来检验有氧运动对心血管患者心脏功能、脂质和炎症的影响。并进一步对纳入指标BNP、SBP、DBP、HDL、LDL、CRP和IL-6进行关联性分析,通过对纳入指标潜在作用的分析,为理解有氧运动在调控心血管疾病的分子机制提供研究基础。
综上所述, 研究结果表明,有氧运动可改善心血管患者的心脏功能(BNP、SBP和DBP),降低脂质(LDL)和炎症标志物(CRP)水平。CRP作为心血管事件和死亡风险的关键因子,参与脂质和心脏生理调控过程中,调控HDL、LDL、BNP、SBP水平,改善心血管患者的代谢具有积极作用。因此,CRP可能是改善心血管患者脂质代谢异常和心衰结局的一种潜在的治疗靶点。
  • 国家体育科普基地(GJTK024)
  • 国家自然科学基金(81700256)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2400817
  • 接收时间:2024-01-28
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-03-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-28
  • 修回日期:2024-12-04
基金
国家体育科普基地(GJTK024)
国家自然科学基金(81700256)
作者信息
    1 山西农业大学体育部, 太谷 030801
    2 山西农业大学生命科学学院, 太谷 030801
    3 复旦大学附属中山医院, 上海 200032
    4 四川大学体育学院, 成都 610065

通讯作者:

* 谢艳丽(1988—),女,汉族,山东聊城人,硕士,副教授。研究方向:体育运动与健康促进。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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