Article(id=1149781957116126116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149781952959574654, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403341, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1715011200000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-07, revisedDate=1735228800000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752058980491, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1743091200000, pubDateStr=2025-03-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752058980491, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752058980491, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752058980491, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149781952959574654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='9', pageStart='3529', pageEnd='3967', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752058979501, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1776333392421, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1251596220226027613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149781952959574654, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1251596220226027614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149781952959574654, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3905, endPage=3913, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149781957296481190, articleId=1149781957116126116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Nonlinear Effects of Built Environment on Walking Activities of the Elderly Based on GBRT Model: A Case Study of Yuzhong District, Chongqing City, columnId=1156262728772735295, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Traffics and Transportations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
To reveal the complex relationship between the built environment and walking activity among older adults, a gradient boosting regression tree (GBRT) model was adopted, combined with multi-source data such as mobile signaling data, remote sensing image data, and point of interest (POI), to deeply explore the non-linear impact of the built environment on elderly walking activities and its threshold characteristics. The findings indicate that the built environment has a significant nonlinear impact on older adults’ walking activity, with land use factors being the most influential. Specifically, land use mix, the proportion of commercial service facilities, and the proportion of residential land are identified as key factors affecting older adults' walking activity. Additionally, the proximity of facilities also plays an important role. Finally, suggestions have been put forward for the adaptive transformation of land use and facilities to improve the level of elderly walking activities and promote healthy aging.
, correspAuthors=Chun CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Chun CHEN, Xin-hui KUANG, Yi TANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149781968600130528, articleId=1149781957116126116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于GBRT模型的建成环境对老年人步行活动的非线性影响: 以重庆市渝中区为例, columnId=1156262730664366426, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·交通运输, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
为揭示建成环境与老年人步行活动之间的复杂关系,采用梯度提升回归树(gradient boosting regression tree, GBRT)模型,结合手机信令数据、遥感影像数据及兴趣点(point of interest, POI)等多源数据,深入探讨建成环境对老年人步行活动的非线性影响及其阈值特征。研究发现,建成环境对老年人步形活动的影响具有显著的非线性特征,其中土地利用要素的相对重要性最为突出,土地利用混合度、商业服务设施用地比例及居住用地比例是影响老年人步形活动的关键因素。此外,设施临近性也对老年人步行活动产生了重要影响。最后,提出了土地利用与设施的适老化改造建议,以提升老年人步行活动水平,促进健康老龄化。
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陈春(1979—),女,汉族,重庆人,博士,教授。研究方向:建成环境与交通行为。E-mail:chenchun@pku.edu.cn。
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陈春(1979—),女,汉族,重庆人,博士,教授。研究方向:建成环境与交通行为。E-mail:chenchun@pku.edu.cn。
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1 重庆交通大学智慧城市学院, 重庆 400074)]), AuthorCompany(id=1251249353059414708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957116126116, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1251249353067803317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957116126116, companyId=1251249353059414708, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2 重庆交通大学交通运输学院, 重庆 400074)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1251249357358576460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957116126116, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Study area, figureFileSmall=pMyqt8UHmNAeL7Eex5UJOw==, figureFileBig=9oMyDcZJtEbM4ip3ksm8/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251249357488599891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957116126116, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
研究区域, figureFileSmall=pMyqt8UHmNAeL7Eex5UJOw==, figureFileBig=9oMyDcZJtEbM4ip3ksm8/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251249357643789154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957116126116, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Research scope and research community, figureFileSmall=Gxt4UsCl4IQte0AL84IYOw==, figureFileBig=d/r8y1nWS3StVOFt6viCtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251249357740258152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957116126116, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
研究范围与调研小区, figureFileSmall=Gxt4UsCl4IQte0AL84IYOw==, figureFileBig=d/r8y1nWS3StVOFt6viCtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251249357849310065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957116126116, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Effects of built environment related variables on walking activity of older adults, figureFileSmall=v9xH4Ww+JXCPUqv07hnxEw==, figureFileBig=0Vblv85SRxD2T95wdEBWvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251249357933196152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957116126116, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
建成环境相关变量对老年人步行活动的影响, figureFileSmall=v9xH4Ww+JXCPUqv07hnxEw==, figureFileBig=0Vblv85SRxD2T95wdEBWvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251249358012887932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957116126116, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Data sources
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 数据类型 | 数据来源 | 数据预处理 |
| 土地利用 | 分辨率2 m×2 m的遥感数据 | 土地利用分类通过图像解译和分类算法,将遥感影像中的地物进行分类,识别出不同的土地利用类型。根据《城市用地分类与规划建设用地标准》,将土地利用类型分为了8类,包括居住用地、商业服务设施用地等。再采用ArcGIS软件对土地利用数据进行矢量化处理 |
| 设施临近性 | 高德开放地图平台的POI数据 | 通过重分类,分为医疗、教育、购物、娱乐、餐饮和休闲设施6类 |
| 道路设施 | OpenStreetMap、实地调研 | 路网数据利用QGIS对下载路网进行空间矫正后以shp格式输出后导入ArcGIS,根据实际情况进行修正;行人过街、交叉口等其他设施数据获取于实地调研 |
| 社会经济 | 联通手机信令数据、搜房网 | 以250 m×250 m格网为统计单元,统计网格内连续一个月的常住、就业及老年人口数量均值,获取人口密度数据;房价数据来源于搜房网 |
), ArticleFig(id=1251249358096774020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957116126116, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
数据来源
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 数据类型 | 数据来源 | 数据预处理 |
| 土地利用 | 分辨率2 m×2 m的遥感数据 | 土地利用分类通过图像解译和分类算法,将遥感影像中的地物进行分类,识别出不同的土地利用类型。根据《城市用地分类与规划建设用地标准》,将土地利用类型分为了8类,包括居住用地、商业服务设施用地等。再采用ArcGIS软件对土地利用数据进行矢量化处理 |
| 设施临近性 | 高德开放地图平台的POI数据 | 通过重分类,分为医疗、教育、购物、娱乐、餐饮和休闲设施6类 |
| 道路设施 | OpenStreetMap、实地调研 | 路网数据利用QGIS对下载路网进行空间矫正后以shp格式输出后导入ArcGIS,根据实际情况进行修正;行人过街、交叉口等其他设施数据获取于实地调研 |
| 社会经济 | 联通手机信令数据、搜房网 | 以250 m×250 m格网为统计单元,统计网格内连续一个月的常住、就业及老年人口数量均值,获取人口密度数据;房价数据来源于搜房网 |
), ArticleFig(id=1251249358189048719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957116126116, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Statistical description of independent variables
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 描述 | 最大值 | 最小值 | 平均值 | 标准差 |
| 土地利用 | 公服设施用地 | 缓冲区单元中的公共管理与公共服务用地面积占比 | 0.069 | 0 | 0.015 | 0.016 |
| 商业服务设施用地 | 缓冲区单元中的商业服务设施用地面积占比 | 0.452 | 0 | 0.117 | 0.093 |
| 居住用地 | 缓冲区单元中的居住用地面积占比 | 0.697 | 0.042 | 0.260 | 0.108 |
| 绿地与广场用地 | 缓冲区单元中的绿地与广场用地面积占比 | 0.391 | 0.002 | 0.128 | 0.109 |
| 土地利用混合度 | 缓冲区单元中的土地利用熵指数 | 0.852 | 0.393 | 0.662 | 0.074 |
| 建筑密度 | 建筑基底面积/缓冲区面积 | 0.394 | 0.067 | 0.239 | 0.066 |
| 容积率 | 建筑总面积/缓冲区面积 | 4.774 | 0.571 | 2.162 | 0.784 |
| 设施临近性 | 公交站点数量 | 缓冲区单元中的公共交通站点数量 | 13 | 1 | 6.400 | 2.464 |
| 购物设施数量 | 缓冲区单元中购物设施数量 | 82 | 3 | 38.044 | 15.449 |
| 休闲娱乐设施数量 | 缓冲区单元中休闲娱乐设施数量 | 46 | 0 | 12.234 | 8.062 |
| 学校数量 | 缓冲区单元中学校数量 | 12 | 0 | 5.406 | 2.443 |
| 医院数量 | 缓冲区单元中的医院数量 | 48 | 0 | 18.221 | 9.755 |
| 到菜市场距离 | 样本小区到菜市场的最近距离 | 464.684 | 0.062 | 139.63 | 97.429 |
| 到公交站距离 | 样本小区到公交站点最近距离 | 315.044 | 14.844 | 138.071 | 61.637 |
| 到公园距离 | 样本小区到公园最近距离 | 871.161 | 24.270 | 295.975 | 195.056 |
| 到医院距离 | 样本小区到医院最近距离 | 550.152 | 12.942 | 105.278 | 78.873 |
| 道路设施 | 地下通道 | 缓冲区内地下通道数量 | 16 | 0 | 2.943 | 3.499 |
| 人行天桥 | 缓冲区内人行道数量 | 11 | 0 | 1.857 | 2.355 |
| 交叉口 | 缓冲区内交叉口数量 | 70 | 2 | 22.349 | 13.214 |
| 路网密度 | 道路长度/缓冲区面积 | 13 557.58 | 2 904.439 | 7 812.436 | 1 833.706 |
| 社会经济 | 人口密度 | 常住人口数量/缓冲区面积 | 3.621 | 0.468 | 1.897 | 0.687 |
| 老年人口密度 | 老年人口数量/缓冲区面积 | 0.391 | 0.038 | 0.168 | 0.063 |
| 就业密度 | 就业人口数量/缓冲区面积 | 4.323 | 0.277 | 1.525 | 0.859 |
| 房价/(元·m-2) | 样本小区房价均值 | 26 241 | 8 472.4 | 12 329.01 | 3 085.231 |
), ArticleFig(id=1251249358298100631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149781957116126116, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
自变量统计性描述
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 描述 | 最大值 | 最小值 | 平均值 | 标准差 |
| 土地利用 | 公服设施用地 | 缓冲区单元中的公共管理与公共服务用地面积占比 | 0.069 | 0 | 0.015 | 0.016 |
| 商业服务设施用地 | 缓冲区单元中的商业服务设施用地面积占比 | 0.452 | 0 | 0.117 | 0.093 |
| 居住用地 | 缓冲区单元中的居住用地面积占比 | 0.697 | 0.042 | 0.260 | 0.108 |
| 绿地与广场用地 | 缓冲区单元中的绿地与广场用地面积占比 | 0.391 | 0.002 | 0.128 | 0.109 |
| 土地利用混合度 | 缓冲区单元中的土地利用熵指数 | 0.852 | 0.393 | 0.662 | 0.074 |
| 建筑密度 | 建筑基底面积/缓冲区面积 | 0.394 | 0.067 | 0.239 | 0.066 |
| 容积率 | 建筑总面积/缓冲区面积 | 4.774 | 0.571 | 2.162 | 0.784 |
| 设施临近性 | 公交站点数量 | 缓冲区单元中的公共交通站点数量 | 13 | 1 | 6.400 | 2.464 |
| 购物设施数量 | 缓冲区单元中购物设施数量 | 82 | 3 | 38.044 | 15.449 |
| 休闲娱乐设施数量 | 缓冲区单元中休闲娱乐设施数量 | 46 | 0 | 12.234 | 8.062 |
| 学校数量 | 缓冲区单元中学校数量 | 12 | 0 | 5.406 | 2.443 |
| 医院数量 | 缓冲区单元中的医院数量 | 48 | 0 | 18.221 | 9.755 |
| 到菜市场距离 | 样本小区到菜市场的最近距离 | 464.684 | 0.062 | 139.63 | 97.429 |
| 到公交站距离 | 样本小区到公交站点最近距离 | 315.044 | 14.844 | 138.071 | 61.637 |
| 到公园距离 | 样本小区到公园最近距离 | 871.161 | 24.270 | 295.975 | 195.056 |
| 到医院距离 | 样本小区到医院最近距离 | 550.152 | 12.942 | 105.278 | 78.873 |
| 道路设施 | 地下通道 | 缓冲区内地下通道数量 | 16 | 0 | 2.943 | 3.499 |
| 人行天桥 | 缓冲区内人行道数量 | 11 | 0 | 1.857 | 2.355 |
| 交叉口 | 缓冲区内交叉口数量 | 70 | 2 | 22.349 | 13.214 |
| 路网密度 | 道路长度/缓冲区面积 | 13 557.58 | 2 904.439 | 7 812.436 | 1 833.706 |
| 社会经济 | 人口密度 | 常住人口数量/缓冲区面积 | 3.621 | 0.468 | 1.897 | 0.687 |
| 老年人口密度 | 老年人口数量/缓冲区面积 | 0.391 | 0.038 | 0.168 | 0.063 |
| 就业密度 | 就业人口数量/缓冲区面积 | 4.323 | 0.277 | 1.525 | 0.859 |
| 房价/(元·m-2) | 样本小区房价均值 | 26 241 | 8 472.4 | 12 329.01 | 3 085.231 |
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Model performance evaluation results
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| 模型 | MAE | RMSE | R2_adjusted |
| RF | 0.497 | 0.635 | 0.382 |
| XGBoost | 0.443 | 0.598 | 0.380 |
| GBRT | 0.437 | 0.586 | 0.405 |
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模型性能评估结果
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| 模型 | MAE | RMSE | R2_adjusted |
| RF | 0.497 | 0.635 | 0.382 |
| XGBoost | 0.443 | 0.598 | 0.380 |
| GBRT | 0.437 | 0.586 | 0.405 |
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The relative importance of independent variables on the impact of elderly walking activity
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| 类型 | 变量 | GBRT |
| 相对重要性/% | 排序 |
土地利用 (35.23%) | 土地利用混合度 | 10.53 | 2 |
| 商业服务设施用地 | 10.01 | 3 |
| 居住用地 | 8.96 | 4 |
| 建筑密度 | 1.84 | 16 |
| 公服设施用地 | 1.41 | 19 |
| 绿地与广场用地 | 1.37 | 20 |
| 容积率 | 1.10 | 21 |
设施临近性 (21.30%) | 到菜市场距离 | 5.64 | 7 |
| 公共交通站点数量 | 4.13 | 10 |
| 到医院距离 | 3.10 | 12 |
| 购物设施 | 2.26 | 14 |
| 到公交站点距离 | 2.11 | 15 |
| 到公园距离 | 1.76 | 17 |
| 学校数量 | 0.82 | 23 |
| 医疗数量 | 0.80 | 24 |
| 休闲娱乐场所 | 0.69 | 26 |
道路设施 (4.34%) | 路网密度 | 2.57 | 13 |
| 交叉口密度 | 0.69 | 25 |
| 地下通道 | 0.63 | 27 |
| 人行天桥 | 0.45 | 28 |
社会经济 (10.72%) | 人口密度 | 4.72 | 8 |
| 老年人口密度 | 3.27 | 11 |
| 就业密度 | 1.75 | 18 |
| 房价 | 0.98 | 22 |
个体属性 (28.41%) | 个人收入 | 11.15 | 1 |
| 年龄 | 6.49 | 5 |
| 受教育程度 | 6.48 | 6 |
| 性别 | 4.28 | 9 |
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自变量对老年人步行活动影响的相对重要性
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| 类型 | 变量 | GBRT |
| 相对重要性/% | 排序 |
土地利用 (35.23%) | 土地利用混合度 | 10.53 | 2 |
| 商业服务设施用地 | 10.01 | 3 |
| 居住用地 | 8.96 | 4 |
| 建筑密度 | 1.84 | 16 |
| 公服设施用地 | 1.41 | 19 |
| 绿地与广场用地 | 1.37 | 20 |
| 容积率 | 1.10 | 21 |
设施临近性 (21.30%) | 到菜市场距离 | 5.64 | 7 |
| 公共交通站点数量 | 4.13 | 10 |
| 到医院距离 | 3.10 | 12 |
| 购物设施 | 2.26 | 14 |
| 到公交站点距离 | 2.11 | 15 |
| 到公园距离 | 1.76 | 17 |
| 学校数量 | 0.82 | 23 |
| 医疗数量 | 0.80 | 24 |
| 休闲娱乐场所 | 0.69 | 26 |
道路设施 (4.34%) | 路网密度 | 2.57 | 13 |
| 交叉口密度 | 0.69 | 25 |
| 地下通道 | 0.63 | 27 |
| 人行天桥 | 0.45 | 28 |
社会经济 (10.72%) | 人口密度 | 4.72 | 8 |
| 老年人口密度 | 3.27 | 11 |
| 就业密度 | 1.75 | 18 |
| 房价 | 0.98 | 22 |
个体属性 (28.41%) | 个人收入 | 11.15 | 1 |
| 年龄 | 6.49 | 5 |
| 受教育程度 | 6.48 | 6 |
| 性别 | 4.28 | 9 |
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