Article(id=1149780475029447096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149780466032669506, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404146, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1717430400000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-04, revisedDate=1736956800000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752058627135, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1744041600000, pubDateStr=2025-04-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752058627135, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752058627135, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752058627135, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149780466032669506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='10', pageStart='3969', pageEnd='4395', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752058624990, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456644259, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218558743898411553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149780466032669506, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218558743898411554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149780466032669506, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4216, endPage=4228, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149780475453071810, articleId=1149780475029447096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Multi-strategy Improved Seahorse Optimization Algorithm and Its Application, columnId=1156262729162810294, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Automation and Computational Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to solve the problems of SHO (seahorse optimization), such as low accuracy, precocity and insufficient global search ability. MSHO (multi-strategy seahorse optimization) algorithm based on nonlinear inertial weight strategy, improved whale encircling strategy and improved sine and cosine strategy was MSHO designed. Firstly, the nonlinear inertia weight was introduced into the motion behavior of SHO algorithm to overcome the shortcoming that the algorithm is prone to premature convergence. Secondly, the improved strategy of whale encircling prey was introduced into the updated equation of seahorse hunting success to reduce the probability of the algorithm falling into the local optimal solution. Then, the improved sine-cosine strategy was introduced into the reproduction behavior of the algorithm to enhance the quality of the hippocampal progeny solution, and further improve the global optimization ability and stability of the algorithm. Finally, in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed MSHO algorithm, SHO algorithm, chaotic SHO algorithm, subtraction average algorithm, gray Wolf algorithm, Seagull algorithm, whale optimization algorithm, particle swarm algorithm and MSHO algorithm were compared on 23 benchmark test functions. The experimental results show that MSHO algorithm shows higher convergence accuracy on 20 functions and stronger stability on 16 functions compared with other 7 algorithms. In addition, in order to test the application ability of MSHO algorithm in engineering problems, the algorithm is applied to solve the design problems of welded beams, cantilever beams and pressure vessels. The experimental results show that MSHO algorithm has better search accuracy in these three kinds of engineering design problems than other 7 different algorithms.

, correspAuthors=Rong-yan ZHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yan-ping LIU, Rong-yan ZHENG, Fu-hong SONG, Bin LIAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149780509519209107, articleId=1149780475029447096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=多策略改进的海马优化算法及应用, columnId=1156262729783567290, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·自动化技术、计算机技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对海马优化算法(seahorse optimization,SHO)存在的求解精度较低、容易早熟以及全局搜索能力不足等问题,设计了一种基于非线性惯性权重策略、改进的鲸鱼包围猎物策略以及改进的正余弦策略的多策略海马优化算法(multi-strategy seahorse optimization,MSHO)。首先,在SHO算法的运动行为中引入非线性惯性权重策略,以克服算法容易过早收敛的缺点;其次,将改进的鲸鱼包围猎物策略引入海马捕食成功的更新方程中,以降低算法陷入局部最优解的概率;然后,在算法的繁殖行为中引入改进的正余弦策略,以增强海马后代解的质量,进一步提升算法的全局寻优能力和稳定性。最后,为评估所提MSHO算法的性能,选取SHO算法,混沌的SHO算法、减法平均器算法、灰狼算法、海鸥算法、鲸鱼优化算法、粒子群算法与MSHO算法在23个基准测试函数上进行比较。实验结果表明,与其他7种算法相比,MSHO算法在20个函数上表现出更高的收敛精度,在16个函数上表现出更强的稳定性。此外,为检验MSHO算法在工程问题上的应用能力,将算法应用于求解焊接梁、悬臂梁和压力容器设计问题。实验结果表明,相较于其他7种不同算法,MSHO算法在这3类工程设计问题上表现出更好的搜索精度。

, correspAuthors=郑荣艳, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 郑荣艳(1999—),女,汉族,贵州安顺人,硕士研究生。研究方向:数据挖掘、群智能优化算法。E-mail:
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刘衍平(1981—),男,汉族,四川资阳人,博士,副教授。研究方向:博弈论、机器学习、优化算法等在无线资源管理中的应用。E-mail:

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刘衍平(1981—),男,汉族,四川资阳人,博士,副教授。研究方向:博弈论、机器学习、优化算法等在无线资源管理中的应用。E-mail:

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刘衍平(1981—),男,汉族,四川资阳人,博士,副教授。研究方向:博弈论、机器学习、优化算法等在无线资源管理中的应用。E-mail:

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Computer Engineering and Applications, 2023, 59(22): 92-110., articleTitle=Dung beetle optimization algorithm guided by improved sinusoidal algorithm, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1218525115936067618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, awardId=62061007, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(62061007), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1218525116091256874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, awardId=黔科合基础-ZK[2023]一般028, language=CN, fundingSource=贵州省科技计划(黔科合基础-ZK[2023]一般028), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1218525116238057519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, awardId=黔科合基础-ZK[2024]一般693, language=CN, fundingSource=贵州省科技计划(黔科合基础-ZK[2024]一般693), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1218525107643928900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218525107681677642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, companyId=1218525107643928900, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Big Data Statistics, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218525107702649166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, companyId=1218525107643928900, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 贵州财经大学大数据统计学院, 贵阳 550025)]), AuthorCompany(id=1218525107857838422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218525107870421337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, companyId=1218525107857838422, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 College of Information, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218525107895587161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, companyId=1218525107857838422, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 贵州财经大学信息学院, 贵阳 550025)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1218525111393637044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Nonlinear inertial weight curve, figureFileSmall=PNfHtQLB5wr6l6g+j9DBYQ==, figureFileBig=et4b0hHPcben2TRj88uMrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218525111485911742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, language=CN, label=图1, caption=非线性惯性权重曲线图, figureFileSmall=PNfHtQLB5wr6l6g+j9DBYQ==, figureFileBig=et4b0hHPcben2TRj88uMrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218525111670461134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Flow chart of MSHO algorithm, figureFileSmall=eRhloBmQVBc/skQlowsBlw==, figureFileBig=LkqPoqmgkEOnAcDbnXVBuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218525111783707352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, language=CN, label=图2, caption=MSHO算法的流程图, figureFileSmall=eRhloBmQVBc/skQlowsBlw==, figureFileBig=LkqPoqmgkEOnAcDbnXVBuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218525111938896610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Convergence diagram of some functions, figureFileSmall=Mf5N4v3LXjPEuc12/Yn/kQ==, figureFileBig=0lErSuYkH0HcviQYwikK9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218525112026977000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, language=CN, label=图3, caption=部分函数的收敛曲线图, figureFileSmall=Mf5N4v3LXjPEuc12/Yn/kQ==, figureFileBig=0lErSuYkH0HcviQYwikK9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218525112123446004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Welded beam diagram, figureFileSmall=O1kio1+k1wWM7DsJ74WYzg==, figureFileBig=rtjG3ow1EzexujUwu8Pe8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218525112245080831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, language=CN, label=图4, caption=焊接梁示意图

h为焊缝厚;t为焊接钢筋高;b为焊接钢筋厚;l为焊接钢筋长度

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Pseudo-code ofMSHO algorithm

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
算法1:MSHO算法
输入:种群pop、最大迭代次数Tmax、变量维度Dim
输出:最优解Xbest、最优适应度值fbest
1:初始化海马个体Xi(i=1,2,···,pop)
2:计算每个海马适应度值
3:选取精英个体Xelite
4:While t<Tmax do
5: for i=1: pop do
6: 根据等式(11)计算非线性惯性权重α1
7: if r1>0 then
8: 根据等式(12)更新海马位置
9: else
10: 根据等式(13)更新海马位置
11: end if
12: for i=1:pop do
13: 根据等式(17)计算改进的WOA
14: 根据等式(18)更新海马位置
15:end for
16:修正变量边界
17:计算每个海马的适应度值
18:根据等式(9)选择fathers和mothers
19: for i=1:pop do
20: 根据式(10)计算海马后代
21: 确定精英后代 X e l i t e o f f s p r i n g
22: 根据等式(20)计算改进的SCA
23: 根据等式(21)更新海马后代位置
24:end for
25:修正变量边界
26:计算每个海马后代的适应度值
27:从适应度值排名前pop的后代和父母中选择下一次迭代种群
28:更新Xelite X e l i t e o f f s p r i n g的位置
29: end while
30: return Xbest
), ArticleFig(id=1218525113683727236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

MSHO算法的伪代码

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
算法1:MSHO算法
输入:种群pop、最大迭代次数Tmax、变量维度Dim
输出:最优解Xbest、最优适应度值fbest
1:初始化海马个体Xi(i=1,2,···,pop)
2:计算每个海马适应度值
3:选取精英个体Xelite
4:While t<Tmax do
5: for i=1: pop do
6: 根据等式(11)计算非线性惯性权重α1
7: if r1>0 then
8: 根据等式(12)更新海马位置
9: else
10: 根据等式(13)更新海马位置
11: end if
12: for i=1:pop do
13: 根据等式(17)计算改进的WOA
14: 根据等式(18)更新海马位置
15:end for
16:修正变量边界
17:计算每个海马的适应度值
18:根据等式(9)选择fathers和mothers
19: for i=1:pop do
20: 根据式(10)计算海马后代
21: 确定精英后代 X e l i t e o f f s p r i n g
22: 根据等式(20)计算改进的SCA
23: 根据等式(21)更新海马后代位置
24:end for
25:修正变量边界
26:计算每个海马后代的适应度值
27:从适应度值排名前pop的后代和父母中选择下一次迭代种群
28:更新Xelite X e l i t e o f f s p r i n g的位置
29: end while
30: return Xbest
), ArticleFig(id=1218525113880859536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

23 test functions

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编号 函数名称 范围 维度 fmin
F1 Sphere [-100,100] 30 0
F2 Schwefel 2.22 [-10,10] 30 0
F3 Schwefel 1.2 [-100,100] 30 0
F4 Schwefel 2.21 [-100,100] 30 0
F5 Rosenbrock [-30,30] 30 0
F6 Step [-100,100] 30 0
F7 Quartic with noise [-1.28,1.28] 30 0
F8 Schwefel 2.26 [-500,500] 30 -12 569.5
F9 Rastrigin [-5.12,5.12] 30 0
F10 Ackley [-32,32] 30 0
F11 Griewank [-600,600] 30 0
F12 Penalized1 [-50,50] 30 0
F13 Penalized2 [-50,50] 30 0
F14 Shekel's Foxholes [-65,65] 2 1
F15 Kowalik [-5,5] 4 0.000 308
F16 Six-Hump Camel-Back [-5,5] 2 -1.031 6
F17 Branin [-5,10],[0,15] 2 0.398
F18 Goldstein-Price [-2,2] 2 3
F19 Hartman's Family1 [0,1] 3 -3.86
F20 Hartman's Family2 [0,1] 6 -3.32
F21 Shekel's Family1 [0,10] 4 -10.15
F22 Shekel's Family2 [0,10] 4 -10.4
F23 Shekel's Family3 [0,10] 4 -10.536
), ArticleFig(id=1218525113977328536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

23个测试函数

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编号 函数名称 范围 维度 fmin
F1 Sphere [-100,100] 30 0
F2 Schwefel 2.22 [-10,10] 30 0
F3 Schwefel 1.2 [-100,100] 30 0
F4 Schwefel 2.21 [-100,100] 30 0
F5 Rosenbrock [-30,30] 30 0
F6 Step [-100,100] 30 0
F7 Quartic with noise [-1.28,1.28] 30 0
F8 Schwefel 2.26 [-500,500] 30 -12 569.5
F9 Rastrigin [-5.12,5.12] 30 0
F10 Ackley [-32,32] 30 0
F11 Griewank [-600,600] 30 0
F12 Penalized1 [-50,50] 30 0
F13 Penalized2 [-50,50] 30 0
F14 Shekel's Foxholes [-65,65] 2 1
F15 Kowalik [-5,5] 4 0.000 308
F16 Six-Hump Camel-Back [-5,5] 2 -1.031 6
F17 Branin [-5,10],[0,15] 2 0.398
F18 Goldstein-Price [-2,2] 2 3
F19 Hartman's Family1 [0,1] 3 -3.86
F20 Hartman's Family2 [0,1] 6 -3.32
F21 Shekel's Family1 [0,10] 4 -10.15
F22 Shekel's Family2 [0,10] 4 -10.4
F23 Shekel's Family3 [0,10] 4 -10.536
), ArticleFig(id=1218525114107351971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Different algorithm parameter settings

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算法 参数
SHO[9] r1,r2 0,0.1
CSHO[15] α 4
SABO[24] v [1,2]
GWO[5] α 从2非线性递减到0
SOA[8] Jc 2
WOA[4] α 从2非线性递减到0
r,l [0,2],[-1,1]
PSO[2] C1,C2 2,2
w 从0.9非线性递减到1
), ArticleFig(id=1218525114338038701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同算法参数设置

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算法 参数
SHO[9] r1,r2 0,0.1
CSHO[15] α 4
SABO[24] v [1,2]
GWO[5] α 从2非线性递减到0
SOA[8] Jc 2
WOA[4] α 从2非线性递减到0
r,l [0,2],[-1,1]
PSO[2] C1,C2 2,2
w 从0.9非线性递减到1
), ArticleFig(id=1218525114468062132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Test results of different algorithms on 23 functions

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函数 指标 MSHO SHO CSHO SABO GWO SOA WOA PSO
F1 Mean 0 3.08×10-141 1.11×10-149 4.87×10-197 1.50×10-27 2.14×10-12 2.08×10-73 2.54×10-1
Std 0 1.38×10-140 3.37×10-149 0 5.09×10-27 2.67×10-12 5.53×10-73 1.58×10-1
F2 Mean 0 1.17×10-78 6.69×10-81 5.86×10-111 8.05×10-17 1.60×10-8 1.31×10-47 4.24×10-1
Std 0 1.83×10-78 1.36×10-80 1.80×10-110 8.54×10-17 1.45×10-8 3.53×10-47 1.82×100
F3 Mean 0 5.26×10-99 1.08×10-113 2.06×10-25 1.50×10-5 1.49×10-4 4.24×104 1.93×103
Std 0 2.05×10-98 2.60×10-113 9.21×10-25 3.02×10-5 4.31×10-4 1.51×104 1.57×103
F4 Mean 0 2.91×10-56 7.75×10-64 1.34×10-77 5.64×10-7 4.37×10-3 4.41×101 7.57×100
Std 0 1.18×10-55 2.49×10-63 1.69×10-77 7.70×10-7 1.47×10-2 3.19×101 1.47×100
F5 Mean 2.26×101 2.81×101 2.81×101 2.84×101 2.71×101 2.84×101 2.78×101 1.73×102
Std 7.68×100 6.31×10-1 6.38×10-1 3.60×10-1 7.51×10-1 4.54×10-1 4.22×10-1 9.16×101
F6 Mean 3.51×10-4 3.17×100 2.88×100 2.73×100 8.81×10-1 3.13×100 3.49×10-1 4.61×10-1
Std 3.25×10-4 5.53×10-1 5.51×10-1 5.23×10-1 3.67×10-1 3.68×10-1 1.84×10-1 7.68×10-1
F7 Mean 1.09×10-4 1.03×10-4 9.56×10-5 9.61×10-5 2.30×10-3 3.21×10-3 2.93×10-3 4.38×10-2
Std 1.07×10-4 7.08×10-5 9.27×10-5 7.64×10-5 1.15×10-3 3.56×10-3 3.46×10-3 1.19×10-2
F8 Mean -1.26×104 -6.02×103 -6.55×103 -3.18×103 -5.84×10-3 -5.06×103 -1.01×104 -7.58×103
Std 3.82×100 6.37×102 4.85×102 3.45×102 9.33×102 6.50×102 1.93×103 7.35×102
F9 Mean 0 0 0 0 3.82×100 3.25×100 2.81×100 5.14×101
Std 0 0 0 0 4.22×100 5.61×100 1.54×10-1 1.56×101
F10 Mean 4.44×10-16 4.00×10-15 3.76×10-15 4.00×10-15 9.92×10-14 1.93×101 3.46×10-15 6.72×10-1
Std 0 0 9.01×10-16 0 1.73×10-14 3.64×100 2.38×10-15 5.90×10-1
F11 Mean 0 0 0 0 7.06×10-3 1.34×10-2 0 3.93×10-1
Std 0 0 0 0 1.09×10-2 2.09×10-2 0 2.01×10-1
F12 Mean 1.32×10-5 2.49×10-1 1.59×10-1 2.19×10-1 3.84×10-2 3.38×10-1 1.13×10-1 3.15×10-1
Std 1.36×10-5 7.79×10-2 6.05×10-2 8.59×10-2 1.58×10-2 1.57×10-1 3.80×10-1 5.14×10-1
F13 Mean 3.15×10-4 1.95×100 1.93×100 2.75×100 5.56×10-1 2.05×100 5.51×10-1 5.18×10-1
Std 2.70×10-4 3.27×10-1 3.65×10-1 5.49×10-1 2.26×10-1 2.03×10-1 2.75×10-1 4.43×10-1
F14 Mean 1.78×100 5.11×100 5.95×100 3.25×100 4.97×100 1.82×100 2.61×100 1.03×100
Std 2.96×100 4.28×100 4.62×100 1.80×100 4.53×100 1.04×100 2.39×100 1.81×10-1
F15 Mean 3.40×10-4 5.09×10-4 1.90×10-3 1.27×10-3 4.37×10-3 1.13×10-3 7.70×10-4 1.36×10-3
Std 1.67×10-4 3.57×10-4 5.09×10-3 2.83×10-3 8.21×10-3 2.84×10-4 5.11×10-4 3.62×10-3
F16 Mean -1.03×100 -1.03×100 -1.03×100 -1.02×100 -1.03×100 -1.03×100 -1.03×100 -1.03×100
Std 1.27×10-10 7.33×10-9 2.30×10-8 1.94×10-2 1.59×10-8 2.35×10-6 1.09×10-9 6.18×10-16
F17 Mean 3.98×10-1 3.98×10-1 3.99×10-1 5.21×10-1 3.98×10-1 3.98×10-1 3.98×10-1 3.98×10-1
Std 1.72×10-7 1.28×10-3 2.33×10-3 2.09×10-1 1.50×10-6 4.64×10-4 3.67×10-5 0
F18 Mean 3.00×100 3.00×100 3.00×100 4.17×100 3.00×100 3.00×100 3.00×100 3.00×100
Std 4.74×10-9 5.16×10-9 6.32×10-10 2.15×100 2.35×10-5 1.84×10-4 2.66×10-4 2.31×10-15
F19 Mean -3.86×100 -3.86×100 -3.86×100 -3.65×100 -3.86×100 -3.86×100 -3.86×100 -3.84
Std 2.36×10-6 3.80×10-3 3.51×10-3 1.86×10-1 2.19×10-3 2.01×10-3 5.09×10-3 1.41×10-1
F20 Mean -3.28×100 -3.03×100 -3.04×100 -3.26×100 -3.26×100 -2.86×100 -3.20×100 -3.27×100
Std 5.94×10-2 2.04×10-1 1.72×10-1 8.00×10-2 7.74×10-2 5.84×10-1 1.01×10-1 6.51×10-2
F21 Mean -8.96×100 -5.71×100 -6.84×100 -5.04×100 -9.65×100 -3.62×100 -8.74×100 -5.57×100
Std 2.18×100 2.47×100 2.47×100 2.64×100 1.56×100 4.17×100 2.52×100 3.59×100
F22 Mean -1.00×101 -5.48×100 -5.05×100 -4.94×100 -1.00×101 -6.16×101 -7.53×100 -7.12×100
Std 1.34×100 1.84×100 2.72×100 2.86×10-1 8.46×10-4 4.46×100 3.05×100 3.82×100
F23 Mean -9.82×100 -5.29×100 -5.48×100 -4.69×100 -1.01×101 -8.37×100 -6.93×100 -6.96×100
Std 1.81×100 1.88×100 2.35×100 1.25×100 1.81×100 4.44×100 3.28×100 3.92×100
), ArticleFig(id=1218525114602279875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同算法在23个函数上的测试结果

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函数 指标 MSHO SHO CSHO SABO GWO SOA WOA PSO
F1 Mean 0 3.08×10-141 1.11×10-149 4.87×10-197 1.50×10-27 2.14×10-12 2.08×10-73 2.54×10-1
Std 0 1.38×10-140 3.37×10-149 0 5.09×10-27 2.67×10-12 5.53×10-73 1.58×10-1
F2 Mean 0 1.17×10-78 6.69×10-81 5.86×10-111 8.05×10-17 1.60×10-8 1.31×10-47 4.24×10-1
Std 0 1.83×10-78 1.36×10-80 1.80×10-110 8.54×10-17 1.45×10-8 3.53×10-47 1.82×100
F3 Mean 0 5.26×10-99 1.08×10-113 2.06×10-25 1.50×10-5 1.49×10-4 4.24×104 1.93×103
Std 0 2.05×10-98 2.60×10-113 9.21×10-25 3.02×10-5 4.31×10-4 1.51×104 1.57×103
F4 Mean 0 2.91×10-56 7.75×10-64 1.34×10-77 5.64×10-7 4.37×10-3 4.41×101 7.57×100
Std 0 1.18×10-55 2.49×10-63 1.69×10-77 7.70×10-7 1.47×10-2 3.19×101 1.47×100
F5 Mean 2.26×101 2.81×101 2.81×101 2.84×101 2.71×101 2.84×101 2.78×101 1.73×102
Std 7.68×100 6.31×10-1 6.38×10-1 3.60×10-1 7.51×10-1 4.54×10-1 4.22×10-1 9.16×101
F6 Mean 3.51×10-4 3.17×100 2.88×100 2.73×100 8.81×10-1 3.13×100 3.49×10-1 4.61×10-1
Std 3.25×10-4 5.53×10-1 5.51×10-1 5.23×10-1 3.67×10-1 3.68×10-1 1.84×10-1 7.68×10-1
F7 Mean 1.09×10-4 1.03×10-4 9.56×10-5 9.61×10-5 2.30×10-3 3.21×10-3 2.93×10-3 4.38×10-2
Std 1.07×10-4 7.08×10-5 9.27×10-5 7.64×10-5 1.15×10-3 3.56×10-3 3.46×10-3 1.19×10-2
F8 Mean -1.26×104 -6.02×103 -6.55×103 -3.18×103 -5.84×10-3 -5.06×103 -1.01×104 -7.58×103
Std 3.82×100 6.37×102 4.85×102 3.45×102 9.33×102 6.50×102 1.93×103 7.35×102
F9 Mean 0 0 0 0 3.82×100 3.25×100 2.81×100 5.14×101
Std 0 0 0 0 4.22×100 5.61×100 1.54×10-1 1.56×101
F10 Mean 4.44×10-16 4.00×10-15 3.76×10-15 4.00×10-15 9.92×10-14 1.93×101 3.46×10-15 6.72×10-1
Std 0 0 9.01×10-16 0 1.73×10-14 3.64×100 2.38×10-15 5.90×10-1
F11 Mean 0 0 0 0 7.06×10-3 1.34×10-2 0 3.93×10-1
Std 0 0 0 0 1.09×10-2 2.09×10-2 0 2.01×10-1
F12 Mean 1.32×10-5 2.49×10-1 1.59×10-1 2.19×10-1 3.84×10-2 3.38×10-1 1.13×10-1 3.15×10-1
Std 1.36×10-5 7.79×10-2 6.05×10-2 8.59×10-2 1.58×10-2 1.57×10-1 3.80×10-1 5.14×10-1
F13 Mean 3.15×10-4 1.95×100 1.93×100 2.75×100 5.56×10-1 2.05×100 5.51×10-1 5.18×10-1
Std 2.70×10-4 3.27×10-1 3.65×10-1 5.49×10-1 2.26×10-1 2.03×10-1 2.75×10-1 4.43×10-1
F14 Mean 1.78×100 5.11×100 5.95×100 3.25×100 4.97×100 1.82×100 2.61×100 1.03×100
Std 2.96×100 4.28×100 4.62×100 1.80×100 4.53×100 1.04×100 2.39×100 1.81×10-1
F15 Mean 3.40×10-4 5.09×10-4 1.90×10-3 1.27×10-3 4.37×10-3 1.13×10-3 7.70×10-4 1.36×10-3
Std 1.67×10-4 3.57×10-4 5.09×10-3 2.83×10-3 8.21×10-3 2.84×10-4 5.11×10-4 3.62×10-3
F16 Mean -1.03×100 -1.03×100 -1.03×100 -1.02×100 -1.03×100 -1.03×100 -1.03×100 -1.03×100
Std 1.27×10-10 7.33×10-9 2.30×10-8 1.94×10-2 1.59×10-8 2.35×10-6 1.09×10-9 6.18×10-16
F17 Mean 3.98×10-1 3.98×10-1 3.99×10-1 5.21×10-1 3.98×10-1 3.98×10-1 3.98×10-1 3.98×10-1
Std 1.72×10-7 1.28×10-3 2.33×10-3 2.09×10-1 1.50×10-6 4.64×10-4 3.67×10-5 0
F18 Mean 3.00×100 3.00×100 3.00×100 4.17×100 3.00×100 3.00×100 3.00×100 3.00×100
Std 4.74×10-9 5.16×10-9 6.32×10-10 2.15×100 2.35×10-5 1.84×10-4 2.66×10-4 2.31×10-15
F19 Mean -3.86×100 -3.86×100 -3.86×100 -3.65×100 -3.86×100 -3.86×100 -3.86×100 -3.84
Std 2.36×10-6 3.80×10-3 3.51×10-3 1.86×10-1 2.19×10-3 2.01×10-3 5.09×10-3 1.41×10-1
F20 Mean -3.28×100 -3.03×100 -3.04×100 -3.26×100 -3.26×100 -2.86×100 -3.20×100 -3.27×100
Std 5.94×10-2 2.04×10-1 1.72×10-1 8.00×10-2 7.74×10-2 5.84×10-1 1.01×10-1 6.51×10-2
F21 Mean -8.96×100 -5.71×100 -6.84×100 -5.04×100 -9.65×100 -3.62×100 -8.74×100 -5.57×100
Std 2.18×100 2.47×100 2.47×100 2.64×100 1.56×100 4.17×100 2.52×100 3.59×100
F22 Mean -1.00×101 -5.48×100 -5.05×100 -4.94×100 -1.00×101 -6.16×101 -7.53×100 -7.12×100
Std 1.34×100 1.84×100 2.72×100 2.86×10-1 8.46×10-4 4.46×100 3.05×100 3.82×100
F23 Mean -9.82×100 -5.29×100 -5.48×100 -4.69×100 -1.01×101 -8.37×100 -6.93×100 -6.96×100
Std 1.81×100 1.88×100 2.35×100 1.25×100 1.81×100 4.44×100 3.28×100 3.92×100
), ArticleFig(id=1218525114744886222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Test comparison of Wilcoxon signed-rank

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函数 P
MSHO/SHO MSHO/CSHO MSHO/SABO MSHO/GWO MSHO/SOA MSHO/WOA MSHO/PSO
F1 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 3.02×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12
F2 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12
F3 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12
F4 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12
F5 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11
F6 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11
F7 6.63×10-1 8.53×10-2 9.12×10-2 3.02×10-11 4.50×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11
F8 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 4.50×10-11 3.02×10-11
F9 NaN NaN NaN 1.18×10-12 1.21×10-12 8.15×10-2 1.21×10-12
F10 1.17×10-13 1.17×10-13 1.69×10-14 1.06×10-12 1.21×10-12 3.66×10-8 1.21×10-12
F11 NaN NaN NaN 1.10×10-2 1.21×10-12 NaN 1.21×10-12
F12 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11
F13 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11
F14 5.37×10-11 4.87×10-11 2.96×10-11 2.96×10-11 6.76×10-5 2.96×10-11 3.08×10-11
F15 7.66×10-5 3.18×10-3 5.97×10-9 1.52×10-3 6.52×10-9 3.35×10-8 4.86×10-3
F16 1.36×10-7 1.19×10-6 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 1.70×10-8 1.01×10-11
F17 4.62×10-10 3.16×10-10 3.02×10-11 2.67×10-9 3.02×10-11 1.07×10-7 1.21×10-12
F18 6.01×10-8 6.36×10-5 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 2.50×10-11
F19 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 5.49×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 1.19×10-10
F20 7.12×10-9 3.09×10-6 3.18×10-4 1.24×10-3 3.02×10-11 1.87×10-5 5.89×10-4
F21 1.10×10-8 2.02×10-8 3.02×10-11 1.17×10-4 1.10×10-8 6.05×10-7 1.14×10-3
F22 8.89×10-10 4.62×10-10 6.07×10-11 2.68×10-4 1.73×10-6 3.52×10-7 4.04×10-2
F23 1.33×10-10 3.16×10-10 5.49×10-11 1.07×10-7 2.92×10-9 5.00×10-9 6.61×10-1
数量 +20/≈2/-1 +20/≈2/-1 +20/≈2/-1 +23/≈0/-0 +23/≈0/-0 +22/≈1/-0 +22/≈0/-1
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Wilcoxon符号检验对比

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函数 P
MSHO/SHO MSHO/CSHO MSHO/SABO MSHO/GWO MSHO/SOA MSHO/WOA MSHO/PSO
F1 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 3.02×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12
F2 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12
F3 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12
F4 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12 1.21×10-12
F5 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11
F6 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11
F7 6.63×10-1 8.53×10-2 9.12×10-2 3.02×10-11 4.50×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11
F8 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 4.50×10-11 3.02×10-11
F9 NaN NaN NaN 1.18×10-12 1.21×10-12 8.15×10-2 1.21×10-12
F10 1.17×10-13 1.17×10-13 1.69×10-14 1.06×10-12 1.21×10-12 3.66×10-8 1.21×10-12
F11 NaN NaN NaN 1.10×10-2 1.21×10-12 NaN 1.21×10-12
F12 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11
F13 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11
F14 5.37×10-11 4.87×10-11 2.96×10-11 2.96×10-11 6.76×10-5 2.96×10-11 3.08×10-11
F15 7.66×10-5 3.18×10-3 5.97×10-9 1.52×10-3 6.52×10-9 3.35×10-8 4.86×10-3
F16 1.36×10-7 1.19×10-6 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 1.70×10-8 1.01×10-11
F17 4.62×10-10 3.16×10-10 3.02×10-11 2.67×10-9 3.02×10-11 1.07×10-7 1.21×10-12
F18 6.01×10-8 6.36×10-5 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 2.50×10-11
F19 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 5.49×10-11 3.02×10-11 3.02×10-11 1.19×10-10
F20 7.12×10-9 3.09×10-6 3.18×10-4 1.24×10-3 3.02×10-11 1.87×10-5 5.89×10-4
F21 1.10×10-8 2.02×10-8 3.02×10-11 1.17×10-4 1.10×10-8 6.05×10-7 1.14×10-3
F22 8.89×10-10 4.62×10-10 6.07×10-11 2.68×10-4 1.73×10-6 3.52×10-7 4.04×10-2
F23 1.33×10-10 3.16×10-10 5.49×10-11 1.07×10-7 2.92×10-9 5.00×10-9 6.61×10-1
数量 +20/≈2/-1 +20/≈2/-1 +20/≈2/-1 +23/≈0/-0 +23/≈0/-0 +22/≈1/-0 +22/≈0/-1
), ArticleFig(id=1218525114975572959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Test results of different improvement strategies

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
函数 指标 MSHO SHO NSHO WSHO SSHO
Mean 0 3.08×10-141 9.38×10-93 6.93×10-47 1.99×10-101
F1 Std 0 1.38×10-140 5.14×10-92 2.48×10-46 9.68×10-117
时间/s 2.344 0.816 57 0.784 5 0.818 54 0.875 8
Mean 0 1.17×10-78 2.04×10-58 1.16×10-30 9.44×10-59
F2 Std 0 1.83×10-78 6.90×10-58 2.45×10-30 3.60×10-74
时间/s 0.792 83 0.260 09 0.198 28 0.182 12 0.247 36
Mean 0 5.26×10-99 2.29×10-48 5.90×10-2 6.85×10-47
F3 Std 0 2.05×10-98 1.25×10-47 3.09×10-1 3.96×10-62
时间/s 0.833 82 0.327 35 0.319 85 0.321 55 0.433 91
Mean 0 2.91×10-56 1.60×10-32 1.94×10-6 3.97×10-31
F4 Std 0 1.18×10-55 7.25×10-32 5.71×10-6 2.67×10-46
时间/s 0.691 18 0.188 1 0.169 79 0.195 44 0.220 55
Mean 2.26×101 2.81×101 2.77×101 2.69×101 2.80×101
F5 Std 7.68×100 6.31×10-1 4.69×10-1 1.28×100 1.81×10-14
时间/s 0.791 98 0.239 31 0.177 02 0.272 36 0.340 58
Mean 3.51×10-4 3.17×100 2.30×100 1.21×100 2.34×100
F6 Std 3.25×10-4 5.53×10-1 4.61×10-1 4.48×10-1 9.03×10-16
时间/s 0.669 2 0.175 06 0.160 46 0.235 12 0.307 25
Mean 1.09×10-4 1.03×10-4 1.88×10-4 1.82×10-3 3.98×10-5
F7 Std 1.07×10-4 7.08×10-5 1.74×10-4 1.22×10-3 3.45×10-20
时间/s 0.859 29 0.270 71 0.248 46 0.257 38 0.339 92
Mean -1.26×104 -6.02×103 -6.45×103 -8.22×103 -6.85×103
F8 Std 3.82×100 6.37×102 3.86×102 8.68×102 3.70×10-12
时间/s 1.642 5 0.189 92 0.178 41 0.184 32 0.217 83
Mean 0 0 0 1.09×10-8 0
F9 Std 0 0 0 3.25×10-8 0
时间/s 1.918 8 0.658 07 0.665 27 0.241 01 0.213 82
Mean 4.44×10-16 4.00×10-15 2.34×10-15 6.63×10-1 4.00×10-15
F10 Std 0 0 1.80×10-15 3.63×100 0
时间/s 1.665 6 0.502 69 0.256 42 0.171 46 0.198 3
Mean 0 0 0 4.58×10-3 0
F11 Std 0 0 0 1.91×10-2 0
时间/s 0.863 77 0.216 24 0.225 95 0.229 53 0.244 82
Mean 1.32×10-5 2.49×10-1 1.62×10-1 8.46×10-2 2.84×10-1
F12 Std 1.36×10-5 7.79×10-2 6.26×10-2 1.02×10-1 1.13×10-16
时间/s 1.106 2 0.450 54 0.409 76 0.439 14 0.536 67
Mean 3.15×10-4 1.95×100 1.80×100 1.03×100 2.70×100
F13 Std 2.70×10-4 3.27×10-1 3.56×10-1 2.32×10-1 4.52×10-16
时间/s 1.118 5 0.441 88 0.512 92 0.495 23 0.688 4
), ArticleFig(id=1218525115080430564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同改进策略的测试结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
函数 指标 MSHO SHO NSHO WSHO SSHO
Mean 0 3.08×10-141 9.38×10-93 6.93×10-47 1.99×10-101
F1 Std 0 1.38×10-140 5.14×10-92 2.48×10-46 9.68×10-117
时间/s 2.344 0.816 57 0.784 5 0.818 54 0.875 8
Mean 0 1.17×10-78 2.04×10-58 1.16×10-30 9.44×10-59
F2 Std 0 1.83×10-78 6.90×10-58 2.45×10-30 3.60×10-74
时间/s 0.792 83 0.260 09 0.198 28 0.182 12 0.247 36
Mean 0 5.26×10-99 2.29×10-48 5.90×10-2 6.85×10-47
F3 Std 0 2.05×10-98 1.25×10-47 3.09×10-1 3.96×10-62
时间/s 0.833 82 0.327 35 0.319 85 0.321 55 0.433 91
Mean 0 2.91×10-56 1.60×10-32 1.94×10-6 3.97×10-31
F4 Std 0 1.18×10-55 7.25×10-32 5.71×10-6 2.67×10-46
时间/s 0.691 18 0.188 1 0.169 79 0.195 44 0.220 55
Mean 2.26×101 2.81×101 2.77×101 2.69×101 2.80×101
F5 Std 7.68×100 6.31×10-1 4.69×10-1 1.28×100 1.81×10-14
时间/s 0.791 98 0.239 31 0.177 02 0.272 36 0.340 58
Mean 3.51×10-4 3.17×100 2.30×100 1.21×100 2.34×100
F6 Std 3.25×10-4 5.53×10-1 4.61×10-1 4.48×10-1 9.03×10-16
时间/s 0.669 2 0.175 06 0.160 46 0.235 12 0.307 25
Mean 1.09×10-4 1.03×10-4 1.88×10-4 1.82×10-3 3.98×10-5
F7 Std 1.07×10-4 7.08×10-5 1.74×10-4 1.22×10-3 3.45×10-20
时间/s 0.859 29 0.270 71 0.248 46 0.257 38 0.339 92
Mean -1.26×104 -6.02×103 -6.45×103 -8.22×103 -6.85×103
F8 Std 3.82×100 6.37×102 3.86×102 8.68×102 3.70×10-12
时间/s 1.642 5 0.189 92 0.178 41 0.184 32 0.217 83
Mean 0 0 0 1.09×10-8 0
F9 Std 0 0 0 3.25×10-8 0
时间/s 1.918 8 0.658 07 0.665 27 0.241 01 0.213 82
Mean 4.44×10-16 4.00×10-15 2.34×10-15 6.63×10-1 4.00×10-15
F10 Std 0 0 1.80×10-15 3.63×100 0
时间/s 1.665 6 0.502 69 0.256 42 0.171 46 0.198 3
Mean 0 0 0 4.58×10-3 0
F11 Std 0 0 0 1.91×10-2 0
时间/s 0.863 77 0.216 24 0.225 95 0.229 53 0.244 82
Mean 1.32×10-5 2.49×10-1 1.62×10-1 8.46×10-2 2.84×10-1
F12 Std 1.36×10-5 7.79×10-2 6.26×10-2 1.02×10-1 1.13×10-16
时间/s 1.106 2 0.450 54 0.409 76 0.439 14 0.536 67
Mean 3.15×10-4 1.95×100 1.80×100 1.03×100 2.70×100
F13 Std 2.70×10-4 3.27×10-1 3.56×10-1 2.32×10-1 4.52×10-16
时间/s 1.118 5 0.441 88 0.512 92 0.495 23 0.688 4
), ArticleFig(id=1218525115206259697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Comparison of welded beam results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
算法 h l t b 优化成本
MSHO 0.204 80 3.240 70 9.066 6 0.205 60 1.696 33
SHO 0.205 85 3.469 46 9.032 7 0.205 91 1.725 90
CSHO 0.205 70 3.469 90 9.034 6 0.205 80 1.724 90
SABO 0.205 70 3.470 40 9.036 6 0.205 73 1.724 80
GWO 0.205 63 3.472 437 9.041 2 0.205 70 1.725 70
SOA 0.203 06 3.198 80 9.372 5 0.204 18 1.729 20
WOA 0.192 98 3.622 60 8.835 4 0.221 65 1.809 30
PSO 0.231 67 2.943 30 8.630 3 0.231 92 1.806 00
), ArticleFig(id=1218525115327894521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

焊接梁结果比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
算法 h l t b 优化成本
MSHO 0.204 80 3.240 70 9.066 6 0.205 60 1.696 33
SHO 0.205 85 3.469 46 9.032 7 0.205 91 1.725 90
CSHO 0.205 70 3.469 90 9.034 6 0.205 80 1.724 90
SABO 0.205 70 3.470 40 9.036 6 0.205 73 1.724 80
GWO 0.205 63 3.472 437 9.041 2 0.205 70 1.725 70
SOA 0.203 06 3.198 80 9.372 5 0.204 18 1.729 20
WOA 0.192 98 3.622 60 8.835 4 0.221 65 1.809 30
PSO 0.231 67 2.943 30 8.630 3 0.231 92 1.806 00
), ArticleFig(id=1218525115424363518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Comparison of cantilever beam result

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
算法 x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 优化成本
MSHO 5.937 5.298 4.545 3.553 2.143 1.336 8
SHO 5.506 5.437 4.473 4.702 3.909 1.349 2
CSHO 6.094 4.984 4.904 3.337 2.298 1.345 6
SABO 7.509 7.383 3.124 4.243 3.307 1.591 4
GWO 5.952 5.323 4.466 3.521 2.217 1.337 0
SOA 6.160 5.553 4.330 3.375 2.106 1.339 8
WOA 4.808 6.878 6.369 3.158 2.881 1.499 7
PSO 6.086 4.969 4.822 3.505 3.609 1.342 9
), ArticleFig(id=1218525115508248579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

悬臂梁结果比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
算法 x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 优化成本
MSHO 5.937 5.298 4.545 3.553 2.143 1.336 8
SHO 5.506 5.437 4.473 4.702 3.909 1.349 2
CSHO 6.094 4.984 4.904 3.337 2.298 1.345 6
SABO 7.509 7.383 3.124 4.243 3.307 1.591 4
GWO 5.952 5.323 4.466 3.521 2.217 1.337 0
SOA 6.160 5.553 4.330 3.375 2.106 1.339 8
WOA 4.808 6.878 6.369 3.158 2.881 1.499 7
PSO 6.086 4.969 4.822 3.505 3.609 1.342 9
), ArticleFig(id=1218525115600523274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Comparison of pressure vessel results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
算法 Ts Th R L 优化成本
MSHO 0.778 0.384 40.322 199.958 5 885.310
SHO 0.798 0.392 41.101 189.397 5 951.417
CSHO 0.786 0.417 40.493 197.592 6 015.931
SABO 1.024 0.518 51.671 88.863 6 763.558
GWO 0.865 0.431 44.809 145.808 6 069.623
SOA 0.823 0.423 42.351 174.956 6 096.149
WOA 0.878 0.431 44.651 147.372 6 173.661
PSO 0.866 0.428 44.909 144.659 6 054.651
), ArticleFig(id=1218525115722158099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780475029447096, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

压力容器结果比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
算法 Ts Th R L 优化成本
MSHO 0.778 0.384 40.322 199.958 5 885.310
SHO 0.798 0.392 41.101 189.397 5 951.417
CSHO 0.786 0.417 40.493 197.592 6 015.931
SABO 1.024 0.518 51.671 88.863 6 763.558
GWO 0.865 0.431 44.809 145.808 6 069.623
SOA 0.823 0.423 42.351 174.956 6 096.149
WOA 0.878 0.431 44.651 147.372 6 173.661
PSO 0.866 0.428 44.909 144.659 6 054.651
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多策略改进的海马优化算法及应用
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刘衍平 1 , 郑荣艳 1, * , 宋富洪 2 , 廖彬 1
科学技术与工程 | 论文·自动化技术、计算机技术 2025,25(10): 4216-4228
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·自动化技术、计算机技术 2025, 25(10): 4216-4228
多策略改进的海马优化算法及应用
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刘衍平1 , 郑荣艳1, * , 宋富洪2, 廖彬1
作者信息
  • 1 贵州财经大学大数据统计学院, 贵阳 550025
  • 2 贵州财经大学信息学院, 贵阳 550025
  • 刘衍平(1981—),男,汉族,四川资阳人,博士,副教授。研究方向:博弈论、机器学习、优化算法等在无线资源管理中的应用。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 郑荣艳(1999—),女,汉族,贵州安顺人,硕士研究生。研究方向:数据挖掘、群智能优化算法。E-mail:
Multi-strategy Improved Seahorse Optimization Algorithm and Its Application
Yan-ping LIU1 , Rong-yan ZHENG1, * , Fu-hong SONG2, Bin LIAO1
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Big Data Statistics, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China
  • 2 College of Information, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China
出版时间: 2025-04-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404146
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针对海马优化算法(seahorse optimization,SHO)存在的求解精度较低、容易早熟以及全局搜索能力不足等问题,设计了一种基于非线性惯性权重策略、改进的鲸鱼包围猎物策略以及改进的正余弦策略的多策略海马优化算法(multi-strategy seahorse optimization,MSHO)。首先,在SHO算法的运动行为中引入非线性惯性权重策略,以克服算法容易过早收敛的缺点;其次,将改进的鲸鱼包围猎物策略引入海马捕食成功的更新方程中,以降低算法陷入局部最优解的概率;然后,在算法的繁殖行为中引入改进的正余弦策略,以增强海马后代解的质量,进一步提升算法的全局寻优能力和稳定性。最后,为评估所提MSHO算法的性能,选取SHO算法,混沌的SHO算法、减法平均器算法、灰狼算法、海鸥算法、鲸鱼优化算法、粒子群算法与MSHO算法在23个基准测试函数上进行比较。实验结果表明,与其他7种算法相比,MSHO算法在20个函数上表现出更高的收敛精度,在16个函数上表现出更强的稳定性。此外,为检验MSHO算法在工程问题上的应用能力,将算法应用于求解焊接梁、悬臂梁和压力容器设计问题。实验结果表明,相较于其他7种不同算法,MSHO算法在这3类工程设计问题上表现出更好的搜索精度。

海马优化算法  /  非线性惯性权重  /  全局寻优  /  测试函数  /  工程问题

In order to solve the problems of SHO (seahorse optimization), such as low accuracy, precocity and insufficient global search ability. MSHO (multi-strategy seahorse optimization) algorithm based on nonlinear inertial weight strategy, improved whale encircling strategy and improved sine and cosine strategy was MSHO designed. Firstly, the nonlinear inertia weight was introduced into the motion behavior of SHO algorithm to overcome the shortcoming that the algorithm is prone to premature convergence. Secondly, the improved strategy of whale encircling prey was introduced into the updated equation of seahorse hunting success to reduce the probability of the algorithm falling into the local optimal solution. Then, the improved sine-cosine strategy was introduced into the reproduction behavior of the algorithm to enhance the quality of the hippocampal progeny solution, and further improve the global optimization ability and stability of the algorithm. Finally, in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed MSHO algorithm, SHO algorithm, chaotic SHO algorithm, subtraction average algorithm, gray Wolf algorithm, Seagull algorithm, whale optimization algorithm, particle swarm algorithm and MSHO algorithm were compared on 23 benchmark test functions. The experimental results show that MSHO algorithm shows higher convergence accuracy on 20 functions and stronger stability on 16 functions compared with other 7 algorithms. In addition, in order to test the application ability of MSHO algorithm in engineering problems, the algorithm is applied to solve the design problems of welded beams, cantilever beams and pressure vessels. The experimental results show that MSHO algorithm has better search accuracy in these three kinds of engineering design problems than other 7 different algorithms.

seahorse optimization  /  nonlinear inertia weight  /  global optimization  /  test function  /  engineering problem
刘衍平, 郑荣艳, 宋富洪, 廖彬. 多策略改进的海马优化算法及应用. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (10) : 4216 -4228 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404146
Yan-ping LIU, Rong-yan ZHENG, Fu-hong SONG, Bin LIAO. Multi-strategy Improved Seahorse Optimization Algorithm and Its Application[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (10) : 4216 -4228 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404146
随着社会的飞速发展,数学、计算机科学、工程、管理等众多领域中的优化问题复杂度越来越高。因此,在面对这些复杂问题时,设计高效的优化算法变得尤为重要。群智能算法由于不受限于问题的梯度信息,并具有较强全局收敛性[1],因而在求解复杂优化问题等方面受到学者们的广泛关注。目前,学者们提出了大量的群智能算法,包括粒子群算法(particle swarm optimization, PSO)[2]、人工鱼群算法(artificial fish swarm algorithm, AFS)[3]、鲸鱼优化算法(whale optimization algorithm, WOA)[4]、灰狼算法(grey wolf optimizer, GWO)[5]、正余弦算法(sine cosine algorithm, SCA)[6]、蝴蝶优化算法(butterfly optimization algorithm, BOA)[7]、海鸥优化算法(seagull optimization algorithm, SOA)[8],海马优化算法(seahorse optimizer, SHO)[9]等。同时,这些算法在许多优化领域中也得到了大量应用,如短期风电功率预测[10],聚类优化[11],无人机航路规划[12]等。
SHO算法是由Zhao等[9]提出的一种新型的群智能算法。然而,与大多数算法一样,SHO算法也存在收敛精度较低以及逃避局部极值能力不足等问题[13-14]。为提升SHO算法的性能,研究学者们提出了一系列改进策略。其中,Özbay[15]在SHO算法中将随机值替换为10种混沌值,从而解决了SHO算法收敛速度慢和容易陷入局部最优值的缺点;舒奕彬等[16]提出了一种改进的SHO算法,将Tent映射以及逃逸能量调控策略融入SHO算法中,不仅加快了算法的收敛速度,还为PID控制系统的参数优化提供了重要的指导;Li等[17]提出了一种改进的SHO算法, 将Tent映射和SCA算法相结合,加快了SHO算法的收敛速度,并有效地提高了农业图像识别的精度;曹永娟等[18]将自适应云模型和混沌映射策略引入原SHO算法,成功降低了算法陷入局部最优解的风险,并显著提升了永磁同步电参数识别的准确性。这些改进的SHO算法在一定程度上平衡了原算法的全局利用和局部开发能力,但仍然存在一些问题,包括收敛速度慢、全局搜索能力弱等。因此,开发具有更强全局寻优能力的改进SHO算法具有重要现实意义。
为了进一步提升SHO算法的收敛准确性和全局优化性能,本文研究在原始SHO算法基础上设计基于非线性惯性权重策略,改进WOA包围猎物策略以及改进SCA策略的多策略海马优化算法(multi-strategy seahorse optimization, MSHO)。首先,在原SHO算法的运动行为中引入非线性惯性权重策略,以克服算法收敛速度过慢的缺点。这种策略利用非线性函数来动态调整惯性权重,使算法在早期迭代阶段加快搜索速度,在后期迭代阶段提高局部搜索能力,从而提升全局收敛性。其次,在原SHO算法的捕食行为中引入改进的WOA包围猎物策略,旨在防止算法陷入局部最优解。最后,将改进的SCA策略融入原算法的繁殖阶段,旨在有效提升算法的全局收敛性能。本文研究将MSHO算法应用于23个测试函数,以评估其鲁棒性和寻优能力。此外,还将MSHO算法应用于焊接梁、悬臂梁和压力容器问题,以考察其在实际工程问题中的适用性。通过这些实验,以期评估算法的全局寻优和收敛速度能力,并为实际的工程问题提供有效的解决方案。
SHO算法是Zhao等[9]借鉴了海马种群的运动、捕食和繁殖行为,而设计的一种新颖的群智能优化算法。
海马在不同运动状态下可以采用正态随机值r1=randn(0,1)来调整行为。当r1>0时,海马进行螺旋运动。当r1≤0时,海马进行布朗运动。两种运动的详细信息如下。
(1)螺旋运动:当r1>0时,海马的螺旋运动主要用于算法的局部勘探。在这种情况下,海马不断朝着最优个体Xelite的方向靠近,并用莱维飞行方程模拟海马的运动步长,以广泛搜索当前解空间。该过程的数学模型可表示为
$\begin{array}{l} X_{\text {elite }}=\operatorname{argmin}[f(\cdot)] \\ X_{\text {new }}^{1}(t+1)=X_{i}(t)+\operatorname{Levy}(\lambda)\left[\left(X_{\text {elite }}(t)-\right.\right. \\ \left.\quad X_{i}(t)\right] x y z+X_{\text {elite }}(t) \end{array}$
式(1)中:f(·)为给定问题的目标函数值;x=ρcos(θ)、y=ρsin(θ)和z=ρθ分别表示螺旋运动下坐标的三维分量;Xi(t)表示第t次迭代下第i个海马个体的位置; X n e w 1表示海马进行运动行为后的新位置;ρ=ueθv,其中常数u=0.05,v=0.05,旋转角度θ为[0,2π]范围内的随机数;Levy(λ)表示莱维飞行的分布函数[19]
$\operatorname{Levy}(z)=s \frac{w \sigma}{|k|^{\frac{1}{\lambda}}}$
式(2)中:λ=0.05;s=0.01;kw均为[0,1]范围内的随机数。
$\sigma=\frac{\Gamma(1+\lambda) \sin \frac{\pi \lambda}{2}}{\Gamma\left(\frac{1+\lambda}{2}\right) \lambda 2^{\frac{\lambda-1}{2}}}$
(2)布朗运动:当r1≤0时,海马的布朗运动主要体现了算法的探索能力。此时,引入布朗运动来模拟海马的另一个运动步长,其表达式为
$X_{\text {new }}^{1}(t+1)=X_{i}(t)+\operatorname{rand} l \beta_{t}\left[X_{i}(t)-\beta_{t} X_{\text {elite }}\right]$
式(4)中:l=0.05;rand为随机数,rand∈[0,1]。
βt= 1 2 πexp - x 2 2
结合式(1)和式(4),可以得到在第t次迭代时海马的新位置,其数学模型为
X n e w 1(t+1)= X i ( t ) + L e v y ( λ ) [ ( X e l i t e ( t ) -     X i ( t ) ] x y z + X e l i t e ( t ) ,   r 1 > 0 X i ( t ) + r a n d l β t ×     [ X i ( t ) - β t X e l i t e ] ,   r 1 0
在自然界中,海马捕食成功率高达90%,充分体现了海马出色的捕食能力。因此,本文研究在SHO算法中设置随机数r2=0.1,以区分海马的两种捕食结果。具体来说,当r2>0.1时,表明海马成功接近了猎物(精英),并将以最快速度将其捕捉。当r2≤0.1时,捕食失败,海马转而搜索整个空间。因此,整个捕食行为的数学模型为
X n e w 2(t+1)= α [ X e l i t e - r a n d X n e w 1 ( t ) ] + ( 1 - α ) X e l i t e ,     r 2 > 0.1 ( 1 - α ) [ X n e w 1 ( t ) - r a n d ] X e l i t e + α X n e w 1 ( t ) ,     r 2 0.1
式(7)中: X n e w 2为海马进行捕食行为后的新位置;r2为[0,1]范围内的随机数;α为一个线性递减函数。
α= 1 - t T m a x 2 t T m a x
式(8)中:Tmax为最大迭代次数。
在繁殖阶段中,根据计算得到的适应度值,将海马划分为雄性海马和雌性海马,其中适应度值较高的一半个体划分为父亲,剩余的另一半个体划分为母亲。其表达式为
f a t h e r s = X s o r t 2 ( p o p 1 ) ,   p o p 1 ( 1,2 , ··· , p o p / 2 ) m o t h e r s = X s o r t 2 ( p o p 2 ) ,   p o p 2 ( p o p 2 / 2 , ··· , p o p )
式(9)中: X s o r t 2表示所有 X n e w 2进行适应度值升序后的排序结果;father和mother分别为SHO算法中的雄性种群和雌性种群;pop为种群大小。
雄性海马和雌性海马通过随机交配方式产生后代。为简化SHO算法,假设每对海马仅繁殖一个后代。则第i个海马后代的表达式为
X i o f f s p r i n g=r3 X i f a t h e r+(1-r3) X i m a t h e r
式(10)中:r3∈[0,1]; X i f a t h e r X i m o t h e r为从雄性种群和雌性种群中随机选择的个体,其中i为[1,pop/2]范围内的正整数。
由上述过程得到的种群规模为1.5pop。为避免算法复杂化,在最终得到的1.5pop种群中,选取适应度排名前pop个个体作为新的种群。
为提升SHO算法的收敛精度和全局寻优能力,在不改变SHO算法的框架上,本文提出基于非线性惯性权重策略、改进的WOA包围猎物策略以及改进的SCA策略的MSHO算法。
根据算法当前的状态以及进展情况,非线性惯性权重能够调整参数的变化速率或幅度,从而在算法的勘探和开发过程中取得平衡。在算法中引入较大的惯性权重,使算法更注重全局搜索,以维持解的多样性和增强全局搜索能力;而引入较小的惯性权重使算法更注重局部搜索,以加速收敛到最优解[20]。在原始SHO算法的运动行为中,海马会逐渐收敛到种群中适应度值较好的个体,导致算法过早收敛的情况。由于SHO算法的运动行为在整个迭代寻优过程中是不可或缺的,故将非线性惯性权重α1引入SHO算法运动行为中,通过迭代次数的增加使得SHO算法不容易过早收敛。α1的数学表达式为
α1=2- t T m a x 2
式(11)中:t为当前迭代次数。
α1逐渐从2非线性递减到1。α1的变化情况如图1所示。
将式(11)代入式(1)和式(4)中,得到
$\begin{array}{c} X_{\text {new }}^{1}(t+1)=\alpha_{1} X_{i}(t)+\operatorname{Levy}(\lambda)\left[\left(X_{\text {elite }}(t)-\right.\right. \\ \left.X_{i}(t)\right] x y z+X_{\text {elite }}(t) \end{array}$
$\begin{aligned} X_{\text {new }}^{1}(t+1) =\alpha_{1} X_{i}(t)+\operatorname{rand} l \beta_{t}\left[X_{i}(t)-\right. \left.\beta_{t} X_{\text {elite }}\right] & \end{aligned}$
通过正态随机值r1将式(12)和式(13)相结合,得到新的海马运动更新方程,其表达式为
X n e w 1(t+1)= α 1 X i ( t ) + L e v y ( λ ) [ X e l i t e ( t ) -     X i ( t ) ] x y z + X e l i t e ( t ) ,     r 1 > 0 a 1 X i ( t ) + r a n d l β t ×     [ X i ( t ) - β t X e l i t e ] ,   r 1 < 0
在SHO算法的捕食行为中,海马成功捕食的行为强调了算法的局部利用能力。此时,海马不断向着精英位置靠近,但这个过程中海马的位置更新方程较为简单,且伴随较大的随机性。这不仅影响算法的收敛精度,还容易使算法陷入局部最优解。为此本文研究将WOA算法的包围猎物机制引入海马成功捕食的更新方程[21]。此时,海马通过自身位置和精英(Xelite)位置来更新其位置方程,有利于算法容易跳出局部最优。WOA算法的包围猎物策略的表达式为
D = | C X e l i t e ( t ) - X i ( t ) | X ( t + 1 ) = X e l i t e ( t ) - A D
式(15)中:Xi为当前鲸鱼位置;AC为更新位置的辅助系数。
A = 2 b r a n d - b C = 2 r a n d b = 2 - t 2 T
为进一步增强WOA算法的局部利用能力,将权重M=1/2 1 + c o s ( π t / T m a x )引入WOA包围猎物机制[22],则表达式为
X(t+1)=Xelite(t)-MAD
式(17)中:M表示非适应惯性权重随着当前迭代次数t的增加呈现前期缓慢下降,后期显著下降趋势;Tmax为最大迭代次数。
改进后的WOA算法的包围猎物策略,更有利于提高SHO算法的精度以及增强算法跳出陷入局部最优解的概率。将式(17)引入SHO算法中,替换原始SHO算法成功捕食更新方程。则改进后的海马位置更新方程为
X n e w 2(t+1)= X e l i t e ( t ) - M A D ,         r 2 > 0.1 ( 1 - α ) [ X n e w 1 ( t ) - r a n d ] X e l i t e +     α X n e w 1 ( t ) ,   r 2 0.1
式(18)中: $D=\left|C X_{\text {elite }}(t)-X_{i}(t)\right|$为海马精英个体所在位置和当前鲸鱼个体所在位置的距离。
SHO算法的繁殖行为中,主要由父母随机交配而产生后代,这种分配方案能够避免新的解决方案过度本地化的问题。此时,通过对海马后代进行一定的变换,可进一步增强解的质量。因此,本文研究将SCA的正弦更新方程融入SHO算法的繁殖行为[23]。这种策略有利于海马后代在探索空间过程中向精英位置靠近,使得改进后的SHO算法具有更强的全局探索能力。SCA算法的表达式为
X(t+1)= X i ( t ) + g 1 s i n g 2 | g 3 X e l i t e ( t ) - X i ( t ) | ,   g 4 > 0.5 X i ( t ) + g 1 c o s g 2 | g 3 X e l i t e ( t ) - X i ( t ) | ,   g 4 < 0.5
式(19)中:Xi(t)为当前解的位置;Xelite(t)为当前最优解的位置;g1=(1-t/T)2t/T为从1非线性递减到0的值;g2为[0,2π]范围内的一个随机值;g3为[-2,2]范围内的一个随机值;g4为[0,1]范围内的随机值。
为使得SCA算法具有更强的全局探索性能,故将非线性惯性权重M=1/2 1 + c o s ( π t / T m a x )引入SCA的正弦更新方程中。改进后的正弦更新方程为
$\begin{array}{l} X(t+1)=M X_{i}(t)+g_{1} \sin g_{2} \mid g_{3} X_{\text {elite }}(t)- X_{i}(t) \end{array}$
基于SHO算法得到的随机交配的后代,添加位置更新方程式(20),以增强SHO算法的收敛准确度和全局寻优能力。其数学模型为
$\begin{array}{l} X_{\text {elite }}^{\text {offsring }}=\operatorname{argmin}\left[f\left(X_{i}^{\text {offspring }}\right)\right] \\ X_{\text {new }}^{\text {offspring }}(t+1)=M X_{i}^{\text {offspring }}(t)+ \\ \quad g_{1} \sin g_{2}\left|g_{3} X_{\text {elite }}^{\text {offsping }}(t)-X_{i}{ }^{\text {offspring }}(t)\right| \end{array}$
式(21)中: X i o f f s p r i n g(t)为当前海马后代的位置; X e l i t e o f f s p r i n g(t)为当前精英后代所在位置;f(·)为给定问题的目标函数值;i为[0,pop/2]范围内的正整数。
利用式(14)和式(18)获得海马的新位置,并通过式(10)来生成海马后代,以及利用式(21)更新海马后代的位置。所提MSHO算法的流程图如图2所示,MSHO算的伪代码如表1所示。
为有效验证所提出MSHO算法的性能,选取23个基准函数进行检验。首先,将MSHO算法在测试集上得到的数值结果与其他7种算法比较,包括SHO算法[9]、混沌海马优化算法(Chaotic seahorse optimization, CSHO)[15]、减法平均器算法(subtraction-average-based optimizer, SABO)[24]、GWO算法[5]、SOA算法[8]、WOA算法[4]、PSO算法[2],旨在更好地验证MSHO算法的开发和勘探能力。其次,通过绘制收敛曲线直观评价MSHO算法在局部开发和全局探索过程中的表现。最后,通过wilcoxon符号检进一步验证所提出的MSHO算法的有效性和优越性。
本次实验在MATLAB R2022a软件上实现,使用的操作系统为MICROSOFT WINDOWS 11 64位家庭版,计算机配置为Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-12500H CPU以及16 GB RAM。
选取的23个测试函数如表2所示,包括7个单峰函数(F1~F7)和16个多峰函数(F8~F23)[9,14,15]表2中,fmin表示函数的最优值。单峰函数只有一个的全局最优值,可用于评估MSHO算法在局部开发能力方面的表现;而多峰函数拥有多个局部最优值,有助于更好地对MSHO算法的全局搜索能力进行评估。
7种不同算法的参数大小如表3所示。为了保证实验的公正性,实验参数设置:种群大小30、最大迭代次数500、试验次数30[5,19,25]。最后,基于30次运行的实验结果,计算平均值和方差,以此作为评价标准来衡量算法的性能。
表4所示,给出了MSHO算法与其余7种算法在表2中的函数上得到的平均值(Mean)和方差(Std)。如表3所示,MSHO算法在6个单峰函数上表现最佳均值,仅在F7函数上的均值较低于CSHO、SABO和SHO的均值。这说明与其余7种算法相比,MSHO算法在单峰函数上表现出更优秀的局部开发能力;MSHO算法在14个多峰函数上展现出最佳均值,仅在F14函数上的略高于PSO的均值,在F23上的均值略高于GWO的均值。这说明MSHO算法同时具备较强的全局搜索能力。从方差角度分析,在23个基准测试函数上,MSHO算法仅在函数F5、F7、F14、F16、F18、F22、F23上的方差略高于其他7种算法。换句话说,在16个基准测试函数上,MSHO算法具有较强的稳定性。
图3所示,给出了MSHO算法和其余7种算法在部分基准函数上得到的寻优结果所绘制的收敛曲线图。在单峰函数F1、F3和F6上MSHO算法跳出局部最优,且在函数F1、F3上达到最优值。在单峰函数F5上,MSHO算法与大部分算法差不多,没能及时跳出局部最优。在多峰函数F8、F15、F18上,MSHO算法在100次迭代内就收敛到函数最优解。在多峰函数F10、F12上,MSHO算法的收敛曲线更低,说明其收敛精度更高。总的来说,MSHO算法与其他算法相比,具有较强的局部开发和全局探索性能。
为探索MSHO算法与其他算法性能的差异性,采用Wlicoxon符号检验作为工具进行检测。如表5所示,给出了MSHO算法与竞争算法在95%的置信区间内得到的P值。通过比较表5中数据发现:MSHO算法在20个函数上的性能优于SHO, CSHO, SABO, 在F9和F11上的性能与这3种算法类似,但在F7上的性能不如它们;MSHO算法在23个函数上的性能显著优于GWO和SOA;MSHO算法在22个函数上的性能优于WOA,仅在函数F11上的性能相似于WOA;MSHO算法在22个函数上的性能优于PSO,仅在函数F23上的性能差于PSO。这侧面证明了多策略的MSHO算法是有效的,其性能是显著优于其他算法的。
为更进一步评估MSHO算法的性能,将原始的SHO算法,非线性权重策略的SHO算法(SHO algorithm with nonlinear weight strategy,NSHO),改进WOA包围猎物策略的SHO算法(SHO algorithm based on improved WOA strategy for encircling prey,WSHO)以及改进SCA策略的SHO算法(SHO algorithm based on improved SCA strategy,SSHO)进行比较。由于文章篇幅的限制,故仅选取表2中具有30维的13个函数(F1~F13)进行测试。同样,为确保实验公平性,设置种群大小30,迭代次数500,试验次数30。如表6所示,给出了MSHO、SHO、NSHO、WSHO和SSHO算法在函数(F1~F13)上进行30次实验所得的平均值(Mean)、方差(Std)和平均时间。
表6所示,NSHO算法仅在函数F5、F6、F8、F12上的均值和方差优于SHO算法,说明在算法中添加单一的权重策略对算法性能的提升没有太大的影响。WSHO算法在函数F5、F6、F8、F12、F13上的均值优于SHO算法,在函数F6、F13上的方差优于SHO算法。这说明具有非线性权重的WOA策略有助于减小SHO算法陷入局部最优解的概率,以及提升算法的稳定性,同时也表明海马通过自身位置和精英位置来更新其位置方差的策略是有效的。SSHO算法在函数F5、F6、F7、F8上的均值优于SHO算法,函数F5~F13上的方差优于SHO算法。这说明具有非线性权重的SCA策略提升了原始SHO算法的全局寻优能力和稳定性。根据上述分析可知,MSHO算法的性能优于SHO算法的性能的关键在于3种策略的共同作用。通过策略与策略的相互融合,使得MSHO算法具备出色的局部开发和全局探索能力。
算法的复杂度是用来衡量算法执行时间或空间资源消耗的指标。它用于描述算法在输入规模增加时,执行时间或空间需求如何增加[15]。本节主要对MSHO算法的时间复杂度进行讨论分析。
SHO算法中,假设n表示海马种群大小,D表示海马种群维度,则T次迭代后,SHO算法的时间复杂度为O(TnD)。基于多策略的MSHO算法:将非线性惯性权重策略引入SHO算法的运动行为所需时间为nD;将改进的WOA包围猎物策略引入SHO算法的捕食行为中,由于没有引进新的循环,故所需时间为nD;将改进的SCA策略引入SHO算法的繁殖行为中,由于也没有引进新的循环,故所需时间也为nD。通过计算,T次迭代后MSHO算法的时间复杂度为O(3TnD)。
MSHO算法与SHO算法经过30次实验后得到的平均运行时长,如表6所示。通过计算发现,MSHO算法的平均运行时长约为SHO算法的3倍,这说明由多策略共同作用的MSHO算法是以牺牲时间的方式来提升原始算法的精度和稳定性的。这也证明了上述分析的可行性。
为验证MSHO算法在工程优化问题上的适用性,将所提MSHO算法与文献中的算法在焊接梁、悬臂梁、压力容器问题上进行测试。实验中采用的参数设置:种群大小30,最大迭代次数500,实验次数30[15]
焊接梁问题关键在于,如何在给定的约束条件下,实现生产成本最小化[26]图4所示为焊接梁的示意图。
此问题涉及的目标函数和约束条件为:
Consider: x=[x1,x2,x3,x4]=[h,l,t,b]
Minmize f(x)=1.104 71 x 1 2x2+0.048 11x3x4(14+x2)
s.t. 61 x 1 3 + 37 x 2 3 + 19 x 3 3 + 7 x 4 3 + 1 x 5 3 - 1 0 0.01 x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , x 5 100
s.t. g 1 ( x ) = τ ( x ) + τ m a k s 0 g 2 ( x ) = σ ( x ) + σ m a k s 0 g 3 ( x ) = δ ( x ) + δ m a k s 0 g 4 ( x ) = x 1 - x 4 0 g 5 ( x ) = P - P c ( x ) 0 g 6 ( x ) = 0.125 - x 1 0 g 7 ( x ) = 0.10471 x 1 2 + 0.04811 x 3 x 4 ( 14 +         x 2 ) - 5 0 0.1 x 1 , x 4 2.0,0.1 x 2 , x 3 10.0
式中:
τ ( x ) = ( τ ' ) 2 + 2 τ ' τ x 2 2 R + ( τ ) 2 τ ' = P 2 x 1 x 2 τ = M R J
M = P L + x 2 2 R = x 2 2 4 + x 1 + x 3 2 2 J = 2 2 x 1 x 2 [ x 2 3 4 + x 1 + x 3 2 2 ]
σ ( x ) = 6 P L x 4 x 3 2 δ ( x ) = 4 P L 3 E x 4 x 2 2 P c ( x ) = 4.013 E x 3 2 x 4 6 L 2 1 - x 3 2 L E 4 G
式中:p=27 215 kg,L=0.355 6 m,E=1.44×109 Pa, G=5.75×108 Pa,τmax=6.5×105 Pa,σmax=1.44×106 Pa,δmax=0.006 35 m;τmaxσmaxδmax分别表示τσδ的最大限度。
表7所示,给出了MSHO算法和其他不同算法在焊接梁设计问题上进行30次实验,得到的最优成本值和最佳变量。通过比较数据发现,MSHO算法具有最小成本(1.696 33),其对应的最优变量组合为(0.204 8,3.240 7,9.066 6,0.205 6)。图5清晰地显示了所提MSHO算法与其他算法在此问题上的结果比较。这说明MSHO算法更适用于求解该问题,更节约成本。
悬臂梁设计问题的主要目标是找到使得悬臂的总重量达到最小值[27]。如图6所示,xj表示悬臂块的长度,其中j=1,2,3,4,5。
此问题涉及的目标函数和约束条件为
$\begin{array}{l} \operatorname{Minmize} f(x)=0.06224\left(x_{1}+x_{2}+x_{3}+x_{4}+x_{5}\right) \\ \text { s.t. }\left\{\begin{array}{l} \frac{61}{x_{1}^{3}}+\frac{37}{x_{2}^{3}}+\frac{19}{x_{3}^{3}}+\frac{7}{x_{4}^{3}}+\frac{1}{x_{5}^{3}}-1 \leqslant 0 \\ 0.01 \leqslant x_{1}, x_{2}, x_{3}, x_{4}, x_{5} \leqslant 100 \end{array}\right. \end{array}$
表8所示,给出了MSHO算法和不同算法在悬臂梁设计上经过30次实验,得到的优化成本极其最优变量组合。通过比较数据发现,相较于其他算法,MSHO算法得到的优化成本最低为1.336 8,对应的组合优化变量为(5.937,5.298,4.545,3.553,2.143)。图7清晰地显示了所提MSHO算法与其他算法在此问题上的结果比较。这说明MSHO算法在求解该问题上具有较好的寻优能力,以及重要的实际应用意义。
该问题的目标是使得压力容器的生产成本最小化[28]。如图8所示,Th为圆柱头部为半球形的壁厚、Ts为圆柱体底部厚度的厚度、L为不考虑半球形的圆柱部分的截面长度、R为圆柱体的内壁半径,这4个变量即为压力容器问题需要优化的变量。
其中设计到的成本函数及约束条件为
Consider: x=[x1,x2,x3,x4]=[Ts,Th,R,L]
Minmize f(x)=0.622 4x1x3x4+1.778 1x2 x 3 2+3.166 1 x 1 2x4+19.84 x 1 2x3
s.t. g 1 ( x ) = - x 1 + 0.0193 x 3 0 g 2 ( x ) = - x 2 + 00.00954 x 3 0 g 3 ( x ) = - π x 3 2 x 4 - ( 4 / 3 ) π x 3 3 + 1296000 0 g 4 ( x ) = x 4 - 240 0 0.0625 x 1 , x 2 99 × 0.0625,10 x 3 , x 4 200
表9给出了MSHO算法和不同算法在压力容器问题上经过30次实验后得到的优化成本和最优变量组合。通过比较数据发现,相较于其他7种算法,MSHO算法得到更低的优化成本为5 885.310,对应的最优变量组合为(0.778,0.384,40.322,199.958)。如图9所示,展示了8种算法在压力容器上得到的优化成本比较图。这说明MSHO算法对于压力容器问题的优化设计有一定的参考价值和实际应用意义。
针对SHO算法存在全局收敛性不强,收敛精度较差等问题,设计了一种融合多策略改进的MSHO算法。首先,在SHO算法的运动行为中引入非线性惯性权重策略;其次,在算法的捕食行为中引入改进的WOA包围猎物策略,以替换海马捕食成功的位置更新方程;然后,在算法的繁殖阶段引入改进的SCA策略,用于改善海马后代解的质量。通过所提3种改进策略的共同作用,MSHO算法的收敛精度得到了增强,同时其全局寻优能力和稳定性也得到了提升。最后,将MSHO算法应用于23测试函数,并与7种算法(SHO、CSHO、SABO、GWO、SOA、WOA、PSO)进行比较。实验数据表明,MSHO算法在20个函数上的平均精度值优于其余7种算法,在16个函数上的平均方差低于其余7种算法,这说明MSHO算法在寻优能力和稳定性方面更优秀。通过wilcoxon符号检验,证实了所提MSHO算法的性能优于这些算法,其改进策略是有效的。此外,将MSHO算法应用于焊接梁、悬臂梁以及压力容器设计,发现MSHO算法在这3个现实世界的工程优化问题上表现出更低的生产成本,说明MSHO算法在处理这些工程问题上具有更好的潜力。基于上述分析,未来还可以尝试将MSHO算法应用于其他优化领域,如机器学习的参数调优、图像处理、神经网络训练、特征选择等问题。
  • 国家自然科学基金(62061007)
  • 贵州省科技计划(黔科合基础-ZK[2023]一般028)
  • 贵州省科技计划(黔科合基础-ZK[2024]一般693)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404146
  • 接收时间:2024-06-04
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-04-08
补充材料
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出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-04
  • 修回日期:2025-01-16
基金
国家自然科学基金(62061007)
贵州省科技计划(黔科合基础-ZK[2023]一般028)
贵州省科技计划(黔科合基础-ZK[2024]一般693)
作者信息
    1 贵州财经大学大数据统计学院, 贵阳 550025
    2 贵州财经大学信息学院, 贵阳 550025

通讯作者:

* 郑荣艳(1999—),女,汉族,贵州安顺人,硕士研究生。研究方向:数据挖掘、群智能优化算法。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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