Article(id=1149780474777788853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149780466032669506, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402943, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1713715200000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-22, revisedDate=1735574400000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-31, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752058627075, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1744041600000, pubDateStr=2025-04-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752058627075, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752058627075, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752058627075, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149780466032669506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='10', pageStart='3969', pageEnd='4395', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752058624990, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456644259, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218558743898411553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149780466032669506, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218558743898411554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149780466032669506, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4078, endPage=4085, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149780475167859131, articleId=1149780474777788853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Engineering Sweet Spot Assessment of Offshore Tight Gas Reservoirs and Optimization of Hydraulic Fracturing Segmentation of Horizontal Wells, columnId=1156262729003422020, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Unconventional tight reservoirs are characterized by strong non-homogeneity, low resource abundance, low porosity and low permeability. Compared with onshore unconventional reservoirs, hydraulic fracturing of offshore tight gas reservoirs has greater safety risks greater and more operational difficulties, leading to greater difficulty in balanced reservoir modification. Therefore, deployment of horizontal wells for hydraulic fracturing development in offshore tight gas reservoirs requires precise evaluation of reservoir geomechanical characteristics, analysis of the fracturability of horizontal well sections, and fracturing of well sections with similar geomechanics, which can support precise, balanced and efficient development of offshore gas reservoirs. Taking a tight gas reservoir in offshore as the research object, in this study, an engineering fracturability analysis method based on brittleness and in-situ stress difference was proposed, and an engineering sweet spot prediction model was established by kernel density estimation method to estimate the probability density function and cumulative probability function of engineering fracturability. Based on the engineering sweet spot prediction, hydraulic fracturing segments were optimized to achieve a differentiated design of segment spacing. Based on the concept of integrated geological and engineering, hydraulic fracturing simulation and production prediction were carried out in this study. The simulation results verified the feasibility of hydraulic fracturing and the reliability of engineering sweet spot prediction in target reservoir, which provides a significant technical support for the optimization of horizontal well fracturing scheme and large-scale beneficial development of offshore tight gas reservoirs.

, correspAuthors=Xiao-fan LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hao FU, Yi-fan ZHAO, Hong-yan GAO, Xiao-fan LI, Chuang-xin LIU, Tian-tai LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149780501965267259, articleId=1149780474777788853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=海上致密气藏工程甜点评价及水平井压裂分段优化, columnId=1156262729603207500, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·石油、天然气工业, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

非常规致密储层通常具有非均质强、资源丰度低、低孔隙度、低渗透率的特点。相较于陆地非常规储层,海上致密气藏水力压裂作业安全风险更大,作业难点更多,储层的均衡改造受到限制。因此,海上致密气藏部署长水平井进行水力压裂开发,需要精准评价储层地质力学特征,分析水平井段的可压裂性,在地质力学相近的井段进行压裂,可为海上气藏的精准、均衡和效益开发提供支持。以海上致密气藏为研究对象,建立了基于脆性指数和地应力差的工程可压裂性分析方法,采用核密度估计方法预测工程可压裂性密度函数和累积概率函数,建立了工程甜点预测模型。基于工程甜点的预测,对水平井进行了分段优化,实现段间距的差异化设计。基于地质工程一体化理念,进行了压裂模拟和产能预测,验证了该储层部署水平井压裂的可行性和工程甜点预测的可靠性,为海上致密气藏水平井压裂方案优化和大规模效益开发提供了重要技术支撑。

, correspAuthors=李小凡, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 李小凡(1982—),男,汉族,陕西宝鸡人,硕士研究生,高级工程师。研究方向:油气井增产技术。E-mail:
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付豪(1973—),男,汉族,上海人,高级工程师。研究方向:海上油气田钻完井技术。E-mail:

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付豪(1973—),男,汉族,上海人,高级工程师。研究方向:海上油气田钻完井技术。E-mail:

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付豪(1973—),男,汉族,上海人,高级工程师。研究方向:海上油气田钻完井技术。E-mail:

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PDF为工程可压裂性指标的概率密度分布;CDF为累积概率分布

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Fracturing parameters for HJ well

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井号 段数 段长/m 簇数 施工排量/
(m3·min-1)
平均砂
比/%
HJ 12 60~160 2~4 8~10 10
), ArticleFig(id=1218525104334622797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780474777788853, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

HJ井压裂参数

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井号 段数 段长/m 簇数 施工排量/
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平均砂
比/%
HJ 12 60~160 2~4 8~10 10
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海上致密气藏工程甜点评价及水平井压裂分段优化
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付豪 1 , 赵一凡 2 , 高红艳 1 , 李小凡 1, * , 刘创新 1 , 李天太 2
科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025,25(10): 4078-4085
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025, 25(10): 4078-4085
海上致密气藏工程甜点评价及水平井压裂分段优化
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付豪1 , 赵一凡2, 高红艳1, 李小凡1, * , 刘创新1, 李天太2
作者信息
  • 1 中海石油(中国)有限公司上海分公司, 上海 200335
  • 2 西安石油大学石油工程学院, 西安 710065
  • 付豪(1973—),男,汉族,上海人,高级工程师。研究方向:海上油气田钻完井技术。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 李小凡(1982—),男,汉族,陕西宝鸡人,硕士研究生,高级工程师。研究方向:油气井增产技术。E-mail:
Engineering Sweet Spot Assessment of Offshore Tight Gas Reservoirs and Optimization of Hydraulic Fracturing Segmentation of Horizontal Wells
Hao FU1 , Yi-fan ZHAO2, Hong-yan GAO1, Xiao-fan LI1, * , Chuang-xin LIU1, Tian-tai LI2
Affiliations
  • 1 CNOOC China Limited-Shanghai, Shanghai 200335, China
  • 2 Petroleum Engineering College, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
出版时间: 2025-04-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402943
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非常规致密储层通常具有非均质强、资源丰度低、低孔隙度、低渗透率的特点。相较于陆地非常规储层,海上致密气藏水力压裂作业安全风险更大,作业难点更多,储层的均衡改造受到限制。因此,海上致密气藏部署长水平井进行水力压裂开发,需要精准评价储层地质力学特征,分析水平井段的可压裂性,在地质力学相近的井段进行压裂,可为海上气藏的精准、均衡和效益开发提供支持。以海上致密气藏为研究对象,建立了基于脆性指数和地应力差的工程可压裂性分析方法,采用核密度估计方法预测工程可压裂性密度函数和累积概率函数,建立了工程甜点预测模型。基于工程甜点的预测,对水平井进行了分段优化,实现段间距的差异化设计。基于地质工程一体化理念,进行了压裂模拟和产能预测,验证了该储层部署水平井压裂的可行性和工程甜点预测的可靠性,为海上致密气藏水平井压裂方案优化和大规模效益开发提供了重要技术支撑。

海上致密气藏  /  可压裂性  /  工程甜点  /  压裂分段  /  水力压裂  /  压裂模拟

Unconventional tight reservoirs are characterized by strong non-homogeneity, low resource abundance, low porosity and low permeability. Compared with onshore unconventional reservoirs, hydraulic fracturing of offshore tight gas reservoirs has greater safety risks greater and more operational difficulties, leading to greater difficulty in balanced reservoir modification. Therefore, deployment of horizontal wells for hydraulic fracturing development in offshore tight gas reservoirs requires precise evaluation of reservoir geomechanical characteristics, analysis of the fracturability of horizontal well sections, and fracturing of well sections with similar geomechanics, which can support precise, balanced and efficient development of offshore gas reservoirs. Taking a tight gas reservoir in offshore as the research object, in this study, an engineering fracturability analysis method based on brittleness and in-situ stress difference was proposed, and an engineering sweet spot prediction model was established by kernel density estimation method to estimate the probability density function and cumulative probability function of engineering fracturability. Based on the engineering sweet spot prediction, hydraulic fracturing segments were optimized to achieve a differentiated design of segment spacing. Based on the concept of integrated geological and engineering, hydraulic fracturing simulation and production prediction were carried out in this study. The simulation results verified the feasibility of hydraulic fracturing and the reliability of engineering sweet spot prediction in target reservoir, which provides a significant technical support for the optimization of horizontal well fracturing scheme and large-scale beneficial development of offshore tight gas reservoirs.

tight offshore gas reservoir  /  fracturability  /  engineering sweet spot  /  fracture segmentation  /  hydraulic fracturing  /  fracturing simulation
付豪, 赵一凡, 高红艳, 李小凡, 刘创新, 李天太. 海上致密气藏工程甜点评价及水平井压裂分段优化. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (10) : 4078 -4085 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402943
Hao FU, Yi-fan ZHAO, Hong-yan GAO, Xiao-fan LI, Chuang-xin LIU, Tian-tai LI. Engineering Sweet Spot Assessment of Offshore Tight Gas Reservoirs and Optimization of Hydraulic Fracturing Segmentation of Horizontal Wells[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (10) : 4078 -4085 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402943
随着地质理论与开发技术的不断进步,非常规油气资源的开发已经取得了显著进展,以低渗致密油气藏为代表的非常规油气资源已成为中国油气资源开发的重要领域[1-3]。海上致密气藏相较于陆地油气资源开发,作业平台空间受限,生产和设备成本更高,水力压裂作业安全风险更大,工程技术难点更多,对海上致密气藏压裂方案的设计优化提出了更高要求[4-5]。地质工程一体化技术通过融合测井、地震和油气藏开发数据,应用三维建模、压裂模拟和油气藏数值模拟一体化技术路线,打破了油气资源地质研究和工程技术间的壁垒,为非常规致密油气资源的高效开发提供了新方向[6-7]
工程甜点的预测与压裂优势区的优选是地质工程一体化应用的重要一环,是影响储层压裂改造效果和储层高效动用的前提[8-9]。葛勋等[10]采用层次分析的方法建立了致密砂岩双甜点评价方法,在致密储层进行了应用,对方法的有效性进行了验证。朱海燕等[11]建立了考虑全烃含量、储层孔隙度等因素的地质甜点预测模型,提出了考虑岩石力学、断裂力学等因素的多尺度三维工程甜点评价方法,形成了致密砂岩气储层“地质-工程”双甜点评价模型,并在临兴区块进行应用。刘文俊等[12]建立三维力学属性模型,结合弹性模量、泊松比、断裂韧性等力学参数以及地应力分布实现三维尺度的储层可压裂性评价。Jia等[13]采用Pearson-MIC综合评价方法对与产能相关的关键参数进行优化,确定总有机碳为关键地质参数,孔隙度和含水饱和度为次要关键参数,采用层次分析法建立了甜点分类标准。陈诚等[14]根据测井资料,针对致密砂岩储层分析了脆性指数、非均质性、压力保持程度、天然裂缝等参数对储层的影响,建立了基于可压性的储层分类方法。Iyare等[15]基于岩石断裂韧性、岩石强度和矿物成分的脆性指数被用来评价岩石的脆性,认为控制地层可压裂性的关键因素是石英含量以及方解石胶结影响的岩石强度。以上方法分别单独从可压裂性指标或甜点评价的基础上对地层可压性特征进行分析,没有建立工程可压裂性指标和甜点分类之间的转换关系。并且目前压裂段大多数以固定段长均匀分布,没有结合地层特征对压裂段长进行布局和优化,导致裂缝扩展竞争激烈,对储层条件差的地层裂缝扩展产生抑制,影响压裂效果。
水平井分段压裂是非常规油气储层体积压裂,提高产量的重要技术手段,其中压裂段长的优化设计是实现水平井均衡改造,产生复杂缝网,扩大改造波及范围的重要环节[16]。工程可压裂性是衡量地层压裂后产生复杂缝网的重要指标。目前国内外采用数据驱动的方法基于工程可压裂性评价优化压裂段间距,实现储层均衡改造的研究较少。国内外目前水平井压裂段长优化方法主要包括两种类型的方法。一种是基于数值模拟方法。王健等[17]基于储层物性和生产动态,建立了三维地质力学模型,进行了水力压裂数值模拟,提出了石炭系长直井段立体井网体积压裂设计方法,分析了段簇间距等因素对裂缝扩展的影响。张矿生等[18]分析单一裂缝的诱导应力,并基于此对裂缝间距进行优化,促进复杂缝网形成。根据水力压裂形成裂缝的线弹性应力场,基于应力叠加方法,通过调整水力裂缝间距分析储层应力差对形成缝网的影响,得到最佳的射孔簇间距。Mohamed等[19]利用储层地应力和完井质量指数,分析在相同段长下不同簇数对压裂裂缝长度的影响,优化水平井簇间距,诱导裂缝均匀起裂。另一种采用数据驱动的方法优化压裂段长。目前中国基于数据驱动的方法优化压裂段长,实现均衡布缝取得了一定的进展。张东晓等[20]采用无监督k均值聚类算法,基于储层渗流及地质力学参数,识别储层压裂段的可压区域,从而保证射孔压裂的有效性并提高射孔压裂效率。胡诗梦等[21]基于钻录井数据,建立了水平井段钻头井底机械比能无监督聚类模型,基于机械比能,考虑缝间干扰采用无监督聚类方法,形成了以均衡改造为目标的水平井体积压裂布缝优化方法。
现以海上一致密砂岩气藏为研究对象,对该区域的地质力学性质进行分析,建立基于脆性指数和地应力的工程可压裂性评价方法。在此基础上,建立基于核密度估计和累积概率分布的工程甜点预测和水平井压裂分段优化方法,并进行压裂模拟和产能数值模拟,验证甜点预测的可靠性和该储层长水平井压裂可行性。通过建立融合地应力和脆性指数的工程可压裂性评价方法为海上致密气藏体积压裂产生复杂缝网提供客观评价,为压裂井网优化提供参考。基于工程甜点的压裂分段优化方法将储层岩石力学和地质特征相近的井段划分为同一压裂段,可以促进均匀起裂,从而形成复杂缝网,增大海上致密气藏储层改造体积,提高产能。
岩石力学属性是地应力分析和工程可压裂性分析的基础,储层的岩石力学性质是影响岩石起裂和裂缝扩展的关键因素。根据测井数据,通过声波时差、岩石密度等数据,计算研究区域内单井的杨氏模量、泊松比[22],计算公式为
E = ρ b Δ t s 2 3 Δ t s 2 - 4 Δ t p 2 Δ t s 2 - Δ t p 2 β
v = Δ t s 2 - 2 Δ t p 2 2 ( Δ t s 2 - Δ t p 2 )
式中:E为杨氏弹性模量,GPa; v为泊松比,无量纲; ρ b为岩石密度,g/cm3; Δ t p Δ t s分别为纵、横波时差,μs/ft; β为单位换算因子0.929×105
地应力是影响致密储层压裂改造的另一关键因素,是控制水力压裂裂缝延伸和扩展的关键特征[23]。在计算单井岩石力学参数的基础上,本文研究利用多孔弹性介质应变模型计算最大和最小水平应力[24-25],公式为
S h = v 1 - v S V + 1 - 2 v 1 - v α P p + E 1 - v 2 ε h + v E 1 - v 2 ε H
S H = v 1 - v S V + 1 - 2 v 1 - v α P p + E 1 - v 2 ε H + v E 1 - v 2 ε h
式中: S H S h分为最大、最小水平地应力,MPa; S V为上覆岩层压力,MPa,上覆岩层压力计算采用密度积分法,密度测井存在数据点的缺失,本文研究采用三点外插法对密度值进行补偿; α为Biot系数,无量纲; ε H ε h分别为最大和最小水平应变,分别为0.000 6和0.000 15,无量纲; P p为孔隙压力,MPa,采用Eaton法[26]计算储层孔隙压力。
岩石的脆性指数对水力压裂诱导裂缝形成复杂裂缝网络具有重要的影响,是压裂形成缝网的必要条件之一。弹性模量和泊松比综合反映了岩石的弹性性质,弹性模量越大,泊松比越小,岩石的脆性指数越强,越易形成复杂缝网[27]。在一定条件下,脆性指数越大的地层,即使使用较小的排量,地层也可破裂形成缝网,采用变排量技术,易出现地层多次破裂的现象,易产生复杂缝网。岩石脆性指数[28]计算公式为
B I = E B I + V B I 2 × 100 %
E B I = E - E m i n E m a x - E m i n × 100 %
V B I = V m a x - V V m a x - V m i n × 100 %
式中:BI为脆性指数,无量纲; V B I分别为归一化后的弹性模量和泊松比; E m a x E m i n分别为最大和最小弹性模量, GPa; V为泊松比,无量纲; V m a x V m i n分别为最大和最小泊松比,无量纲。
脆性指数仅从岩石力学特征对储能岩石力脆性进行了刻画,没有考虑两向地应力差对压裂效果的影响。应力差是裂缝扩展难易的重要因素,是形成复杂缝网的需要考虑的必要因素[29]。通常情况下,垂向地应力值与水平最小地应力差值越小,最大水平地应力与最小水平地应力差越小,越容易形成压裂缝网,增大压裂体积[30]。垂向应力差异系数为上覆岩层压力与最小水平地应力差值与最小水平地应力的比值,如式(8)所示。水平应力差异系数为最大水平地应力与最小水平地应力差值与最小水平地应力的比值,如式(9)所示。综合考虑脆性指数和两向应力差异系数对工程可压裂性进行表征,公式为
F v = S V - S h S h
F h = S H - S h S h
F I = 0.5 B I ( F v + F h )
式中: F v F h分别为垂向应力和水平应力差异系数,无量纲;FI为可压裂性,无量纲; S V分别为上覆岩层压力,MPa; S h为最小水平地应力,MPa; S H为最大水平地应力,MPa。
工程可压裂性的分析,对于储层评价和工程甜点分类重要意义。但由于可压裂性评价指标与甜点分类标准之间的映射关系难以度量,因此可压裂性指标在工程甜点分类和压裂段长优化方面应用较少。应用本文研究建立的地层工程可压裂性计算方法,计算沿水平段的工程可压裂性指标。通过使用核密度估计方法估计水平井压裂段可压裂性指标的概率密度函数和累积概率分布。在得到累积概率分布的基础上,根据目标区域气井产能或先验经验,取得工程可压裂性的先验概率分布,从而确定目标井水平段内工程甜点分布。
图1是可压裂性概率密度分布和累积概率分布示意图。根据先验知识获得甜点分类的标准,当累积概率分别取值为cd时,划定工程甜点的类别,ab分别表示对应的工程可压裂性指标。当累积概率属于[c]时,划定为I类工程甜点;当累积概率属于(c,d]时,划定为II类工程甜点;当累积概率属于(d,1]时,划定为III类工程甜点。相较于I类和II类工程甜点,III类甜点具有更高的可压裂性,易产生复杂缝网。
在建立工程甜点分类的基础上,对水平段进行工程甜点分类,根据水平段甜点分类结果,对压裂段长进行优化,将工程参数相近的区域划分为同一压裂段,促进裂缝的均匀起裂。压裂段长的划分主要以工程甜点分类为准,尽可能地将地质甜点相近的水平段划分在同一压裂段内。根据区域内其他压裂井前期的压裂段长统计,段长介于60~160 m,因此本次压裂段长划分需保证段长最大为160 m,最小为60 m。若同一类型的工程甜点段长小于60 m,则该段与相邻井段合并。若同一类型的工程甜点段长大于160 m,则将该段划分为若干压裂井段,保证压裂作业顺利进行。
目标气藏主力气层为浅水环境下的辫状河水下分流河道沉积。储层岩石学组分特征基本一致,主要为浅灰色细砂岩、中砂岩,储层发育巨厚砂岩,砂体厚度较大,储层孔渗等物性差,储层非均质性较强。目的储层H,孔隙度为6%~9.5%,平均值为7.4%,渗透率为0.201~0.857 mD,平均值为0.367 mD。受断层影响,该储层地质环境复杂,层间物性差异大,制约气藏的开发生产。
基于岩石力学参数计算方法,基于三维地质力学模型,分析了H储层杨氏模量、泊松比岩石力学属性。杨氏模量16.42~39.03 GPa,平均27.81 GPa,泊松比0.10~0.31,平均0.19。
在岩石力学参数分析的基础上,分析了H储层的最大和最小水平地应力,最大水平地应力50.16~116.71 MPa,平均77.20 MPa,最小水平地应力43.2~102.7 MPa,平均66.78 MPa,两向应力差为5.0~16.04 MPa,平均10.42 MPa,两向应力比为1.0~1.25,平均1.16,反映该储层砂体水力压裂改造后易形成复杂缝网。
基于地质甜点预测,设计部署一口水平井(HJ)。基于三维岩石力学模型和地应力模型,获取基于井眼轨迹的岩石力学属性和地应力剖面,应用高斯核密度估计方法,统计该井的工程可压裂性密度分布函数和累积概率分布函数,如图2图3所示。基于统计分析,记累积概率为Px,根据该储层先验经验,本文研究以I、II、III类甜点比例为3∶4∶3的标准,建立工程甜点分类标准,如式(11)所示。
基于甜点分类标准和累积分布函数,计算出工程甜点对应的可压裂性指标区间。如图3所示,根据可压裂性统计分布,当累积概率Px达到0.3,对应的可压裂性指数为0.31,当累积概率Px达到0.7,对应的可压裂性指数为0.58。基于可压裂性指标区间划分结果,构建工程甜点划分标准,如式(12)所示。当HJ井可压裂性指标属于[0.58,1],划分为III类甜点;当HJ井可压裂性指标属于[0.31, 0.58),划分为II类甜点;当HJ井可压裂性指标属于[0, 0.31),划分为I类甜点。
图4展示了HJ井水平段可压裂性指标,并且依据式(12),建立该井的甜点区间。该井水平段处于II类甜点较多,I类和III类甜点较少。I类甜点区穿插于II类甜点中且分布不均。若将压裂段平均划分,裂缝难以均匀起裂。在预测HJ井工程甜点分布的基础上,对该井进行压裂段长优化,如图5所示。HJ井水平压裂段自井深4 360 m起划分压裂段,压裂段长1 260 m,共分为12段,段长在60~160 m。
EQ= I I I , P x 0.7 I I , 0.7 > P x 0.3 I , P x < 0.3
E Q = I I I , F I 0.58 I I , 0.58 > F I 0.31 I , F I < 0.31
式中:EQ为甜点类别;I、II、III分别为I类、II类和III类甜点; P x为累积概率;FI为工程可压裂性指标。
本文研究建立了工程甜点预测方法,筛选压裂优势区,优化压裂设计,可为压裂作业提供理论和实践指导,降低压裂成本风险。为了验证地质工程甜点筛选的可靠性以及H储层部署水平井压裂可行性,通过部署水平井(HJ)进行压裂模拟,预测该井的产能。HJ井压裂段位于储层地质工程甜点较好的位置,含气饱和度总体上大于60%,泊松比小于0.18,最小水平主应力小于70 MPa。HJ井的压裂参数设计如表1所示。
基于地质工程一体化方法,在地质模型、地应力模型的基础上,根据HJ井压裂参数,进行人工压裂缝网模拟,压裂后的缝网如图6所示。压裂缝网受天然裂缝、地应力和地层岩石脆性等影响,压裂模拟后水平井III类和II类工程甜点处易形成复杂缝网,单缝较少。
在压裂模拟的基础上,依据气藏特征,对HJ井建立压裂前后气藏数值模拟方案。水平井最高日产气7.22×104 m3/d,10年累产气1.58×108 m3,压裂后水平井最高日产气30×104 m3/d,10年累产气3.75×108 m3,通过压裂结果分析,水平井压裂后累产气量约为压裂前的2.37倍,压裂投产比不压裂投产效果更好,更易获得较高的累产气量。
在压裂模拟和产能分析的基础上,应用本文研究提出了工程甜点计算方法,优化压裂段长,取得了较好的应用效果。
综上分析,H储层具有一定的压裂可行性,在分析工程甜点的基础上,通过部署长水平井,优化压裂段簇及压裂参数,沟通天然裂缝,能够促进水力压裂裂缝均匀起裂,形成复杂缝网,较大提高产气量。
以海上致密砂岩气藏H储层为研究对象,基于地应力和脆性指数建立了可压裂性预测方法,提出了基于核密度估和累积概率分布分析的工程甜点评价和压裂段长优化方法,实现储层的均衡改造,有助于降低成本,提高油井的总产量。在此基础上,使用地质工程一体化压裂模拟方法,对水平井进行压裂模拟和产能预测,对比了水平井压裂前后的最高日产气量和10年累产气量,验证了工程甜点预测的可靠性和目的储层压裂可行性。得出如下结论。
(1)目的储层杨氏模量和泊松比平均为27.81 GPa和0.19,储层中两向应力差值平均为10.42 MPa,两向应力比平均为1.16,水力压裂改造后易产生复杂缝网。
(2)提出了基于储层脆性和地应力差值的工程可压裂性计算方法,基于高斯核密度估计方法,估计地层可压裂性指标概率密度函数和累积概率函数,建立了工程甜点预测模型,并根据工程甜点优化了压裂段长。
(3)对水平井进行压裂模拟,压裂后水平井的在工程甜点优势区产生复杂缝网,单一缝较少,验证了甜点预测的可靠性。
(4)对比了水平井压裂前后的产能,水平井在压裂后累产气量提高了1.37倍,验证了H储层具有长水平井压裂可行性,通过部署水平井并进行水力压裂改造可有效提高产量。
  • 中油国家油气钻井装备工程技术研究中心开放项目(BOMCO-J118-JKY011-2022)
  • 国家自然科学基金(62273060)
  • 中海石油(中国)有限公司“十四五”重大科技项目(KJGG2022-0704)
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2025年第25卷第10期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402943
  • 接收时间:2024-04-22
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-04-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-22
  • 修回日期:2024-12-31
基金
中油国家油气钻井装备工程技术研究中心开放项目(BOMCO-J118-JKY011-2022)
国家自然科学基金(62273060)
中海石油(中国)有限公司“十四五”重大科技项目(KJGG2022-0704)
作者信息
    1 中海石油(中国)有限公司上海分公司, 上海 200335
    2 西安石油大学石油工程学院, 西安 710065

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* 李小凡(1982—),男,汉族,陕西宝鸡人,硕士研究生,高级工程师。研究方向:油气井增产技术。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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