Article(id=1149780474089922994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149780466032669506, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407890, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1729612800000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-23, revisedDate=1741104000000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752058626910, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1744041600000, pubDateStr=2025-04-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752058626910, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752058626910, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752058626910, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149780466032669506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='10', pageStart='3969', pageEnd='4395', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752058624990, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456644259, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218558743898411553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149780466032669506, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218558743898411554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149780466032669506, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4168, endPage=4174, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149780474366747059, articleId=1149780474089922994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=The Effect of Wind Speed on Vegetation Flame Inclination Based on Pyrosim, columnId=1156262733675876713, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Electrical Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Vegetation fires may lead to tripping and shutdown of overhead transmission lines, thus endangering the safe and stable operation of power grids. In order to study the change of flame inclination of vegetation under the influence of ambient wind, a square fir crib with the size of 1 m×1 m×0.6 m was used as the research object, and a 5 m×5 m×5 m outdoor site with ventilation was set up by Pyrosim software, and simulation research was carried out on 10 free burning cases with the wind speed of 1~10 m/s, and the change of the flame pattern with the size of the wind was analysed. The formula for calculating the flame inclination applicable to this wind speed range was fit. The flame inclination calculation formula was based on the flame inclination of this range, and the flame inclination calculation formula was based on the flame inclination of this range. The change of flame shape with the wind speed was analyzed. The formula for calculating the flame inclination angle applicable to the wind speed range was fitted. And the horizontal offset distance of the flame was obtained according to the change of the flame inclination angle. The results show that the larger the wind speed is, the smaller the change of flame inclination and flame horizontal offset distance are. The results of this study can be used as a reference for the prevention of tripping accidents on transmission lines and the cutting distance of vegetation on both sides of transmission line corridors.

, correspAuthors=Peng LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ze-yuan CAI, Peng LI, Dao-chun HUANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149780512266478376, articleId=1149780474089922994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于Pyrosim的风速对植被火焰倾角的影响, columnId=1156262734506353627, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·电工技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

山火可能导致架空输电线路跳闸停运,进而危及电网的安全和稳定运行。为了研究植被的火焰倾角在环境风影响下的变化情况,以尺寸为1 m×1 m×0.6 m的方形杉木垛作为研究对象,通过Pyrosim软件建立一个四周通风的5 m×5 m×5 m的室外场地,对风速为1~10 m/s的10个自由燃烧算例进行了模拟研究,分析了火焰形态随着风速大小的变化情况;拟合了适用于该风速范围内的火焰倾角计算公式;根据火焰倾角的变化情况进而得到了火焰的水平偏移距离,并对模拟研究结果进行了现场试验验证。结果表明:在风速越大的情况下,火焰倾角和火焰的水平偏移距离变化越小。该研究结果可为输电线路山火跳闸事故的预防以及输电线路走廊两侧植被的砍伐距离提供参考。

, correspAuthors=黎鹏, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 黎鹏(1989—)男,汉族,湖北咸宁人,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力设备智能运维、电磁多物理场分析。E-mail:
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蔡泽源(2000—),男,汉族,湖北黄冈人,硕士研究生。研究方向:高电压与绝缘技术。E-mail:

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蔡泽源(2000—),男,汉族,湖北黄冈人,硕士研究生。研究方向:高电压与绝缘技术。E-mail:

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蔡泽源(2000—),男,汉族,湖北黄冈人,硕士研究生。研究方向:高电压与绝缘技术。E-mail:

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Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2012., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218525116460355641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780474089922994, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=40, issue=10, pageStart=3250, pageEnd=3257, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=41, authorNames=黎鹏, 黄道春, 阮江军, journalName=电网技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黎鹏, 黄道春, 阮江军, 等. 全火焰条件下植被燃烧特征量对导线?板间隙击穿特性的影响[J]. 电网技术, 2016, 40(10): 3250-3257., articleTitle=全火焰条件下植被燃烧特征量对导线?板间隙击穿特性的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218525116565213247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780474089922994, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=40, issue=10, pageStart=3250, pageEnd=3257, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=42, authorNames=Li Peng, Huang Daochun, Ruan Jiangjun, journalName=Power System Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Peng, Huang Daochun, Ruan Jiangjun, et al. Influence of vegetation combustion features on breakdown characteristics of conductor-plane gap under full flame condition[J]. 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θ为火焰倾角

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label=Fig.10, caption=Wind speed measuring instruments, figureFileSmall=gyzKcr8X/epQjvDOQThAFA==, figureFileBig=r4aiPUIxVtfLKpcX+Euf1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218525109837550118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780474089922994, language=CN, label=图10, caption=风速测量仪器, figureFileSmall=gyzKcr8X/epQjvDOQThAFA==, figureFileBig=r4aiPUIxVtfLKpcX+Euf1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218525109963379254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780474089922994, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Flame pattern change under different wind speeds(experimental), figureFileSmall=zGP/PkS3Osx31Ig8tlRBIQ==, figureFileBig=GAEgX0h3iox+KvMw1Q7dpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218525110072431167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780474089922994, language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同风速下火焰形态变化图(试验), figureFileSmall=zGP/PkS3Osx31Ig8tlRBIQ==, 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Flame inclination for different wind speeds

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风速
S/(m·s-1)
火焰倾角
θ/(°)
风速
S/(m·s-1)
火焰倾角
θ/(°)
1.0 5.998 9 6.0 68.074 4
2.0 23.694 2 7.0 68.850 5
3.0 48.525 6 8.0 66.336 9
4.0 58.781 6 9.0 67.550 9
5.0 59.317 9 10.0 69.519 6
), ArticleFig(id=1218525110462501466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780474089922994, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同风速对应的火焰倾角

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
风速
S/(m·s-1)
火焰倾角
θ/(°)
风速
S/(m·s-1)
火焰倾角
θ/(°)
1.0 5.998 9 6.0 68.074 4
2.0 23.694 2 7.0 68.850 5
3.0 48.525 6 8.0 66.336 9
4.0 58.781 6 9.0 67.550 9
5.0 59.317 9 10.0 69.519 6
), ArticleFig(id=1218525110621885030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780474089922994, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Flame offset distance for different wind speeds

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
风速
S/(m·s-1)
火焰偏移距离
x/m
风速
S/(m·s-1)
火焰偏移距离
x/m
1.0 1.40 6.0 3.92
2.0 2.31 7.0 4.05
3.0 3.03 8.0 4.13
4.0 3.46 9.0 4.18
5.0 3.74 10.0 4.22
), ArticleFig(id=1218525110747714164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780474089922994, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同风速对应的火焰偏移距离

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
风速
S/(m·s-1)
火焰偏移距离
x/m
风速
S/(m·s-1)
火焰偏移距离
x/m
1.0 1.40 6.0 3.92
2.0 2.31 7.0 4.05
3.0 3.03 8.0 4.13
4.0 3.46 9.0 4.18
5.0 3.74 10.0 4.22
), ArticleFig(id=1218525110881931909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780474089922994, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison table of simulation and test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
风速
S/(m·s-1)
火焰倾角θ/(°)
仿真 试验
1 18.38 16.12 13.83
2 32.42 34.58 6.25
3 39.49 41.92 5.80
), ArticleFig(id=1218525110986789518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780474089922994, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

仿真与试验结果对比表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
风速
S/(m·s-1)
火焰倾角θ/(°)
仿真 试验
1 18.38 16.12 13.83
2 32.42 34.58 6.25
3 39.49 41.92 5.80
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基于Pyrosim的风速对植被火焰倾角的影响
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蔡泽源 1 , 黎鹏 1, * , 黄道春 2
科学技术与工程 | 论文·电工技术 2025,25(10): 4168-4174
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·电工技术 2025, 25(10): 4168-4174
基于Pyrosim的风速对植被火焰倾角的影响
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蔡泽源1 , 黎鹏1, * , 黄道春2
作者信息
  • 1 三峡大学电气与新能源学院, 宜昌 443002
  • 2 武汉大学电气与自动化学院, 武汉 430072
  • 蔡泽源(2000—),男,汉族,湖北黄冈人,硕士研究生。研究方向:高电压与绝缘技术。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 黎鹏(1989—)男,汉族,湖北咸宁人,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力设备智能运维、电磁多物理场分析。E-mail:
The Effect of Wind Speed on Vegetation Flame Inclination Based on Pyrosim
Ze-yuan CAI1 , Peng LI1, * , Dao-chun HUANG2
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Electrical and New Energy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
  • 2 College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
出版时间: 2025-04-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407890
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山火可能导致架空输电线路跳闸停运,进而危及电网的安全和稳定运行。为了研究植被的火焰倾角在环境风影响下的变化情况,以尺寸为1 m×1 m×0.6 m的方形杉木垛作为研究对象,通过Pyrosim软件建立一个四周通风的5 m×5 m×5 m的室外场地,对风速为1~10 m/s的10个自由燃烧算例进行了模拟研究,分析了火焰形态随着风速大小的变化情况;拟合了适用于该风速范围内的火焰倾角计算公式;根据火焰倾角的变化情况进而得到了火焰的水平偏移距离,并对模拟研究结果进行了现场试验验证。结果表明:在风速越大的情况下,火焰倾角和火焰的水平偏移距离变化越小。该研究结果可为输电线路山火跳闸事故的预防以及输电线路走廊两侧植被的砍伐距离提供参考。

Pyrosim  /  输电线路  /  山火  /  风速  /  火焰倾角

Vegetation fires may lead to tripping and shutdown of overhead transmission lines, thus endangering the safe and stable operation of power grids. In order to study the change of flame inclination of vegetation under the influence of ambient wind, a square fir crib with the size of 1 m×1 m×0.6 m was used as the research object, and a 5 m×5 m×5 m outdoor site with ventilation was set up by Pyrosim software, and simulation research was carried out on 10 free burning cases with the wind speed of 1~10 m/s, and the change of the flame pattern with the size of the wind was analysed. The formula for calculating the flame inclination applicable to this wind speed range was fit. The flame inclination calculation formula was based on the flame inclination of this range, and the flame inclination calculation formula was based on the flame inclination of this range. The change of flame shape with the wind speed was analyzed. The formula for calculating the flame inclination angle applicable to the wind speed range was fitted. And the horizontal offset distance of the flame was obtained according to the change of the flame inclination angle. The results show that the larger the wind speed is, the smaller the change of flame inclination and flame horizontal offset distance are. The results of this study can be used as a reference for the prevention of tripping accidents on transmission lines and the cutting distance of vegetation on both sides of transmission line corridors.

Pyrosim  /  transmission line  /  vegetation fire  /  wind speed  /  flame inclination
蔡泽源, 黎鹏, 黄道春. 基于Pyrosim的风速对植被火焰倾角的影响. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (10) : 4168 -4174 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407890
Ze-yuan CAI, Peng LI, Dao-chun HUANG. The Effect of Wind Speed on Vegetation Flame Inclination Based on Pyrosim[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (10) : 4168 -4174 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407890
中国发电能源和负荷中心分布不均衡,需要大容量、远距离传输电能[1-3]。近年来,山火在世界各地频繁发生,已成为危及输电线路安全及电网稳定运行的主要灾害之一[4-7]。风速作为影响山火发展和蔓延的关键因素之一,其强度对火势的演变有着显著的影响,例如,2022年发生的马歇尔大火因强烈的下坡风迅速蔓延到邻近的各县,导致超过6 000 ac(1 ac=4 046.86 m2)土地不到24 h内被毁[8]。近20年来,中国发生了10 301起林火,其中约8%发生在四川省,尤以凉山彝族自治州、甘孜藏族自治州等地为主。这些地区森林密集、地形陡峭,特别是这里的风速较大且方向不稳定,极大地加剧了火灾蔓延速度,造成了严重的人员伤亡[9]。山火导致植被燃烧产生的高温、高电导率以及灰烬颗粒等因素会显著降低架空线路的空气间隙绝缘强度,可能导致线路跳闸或闭锁,同时重合闸或重启动的成功率较低,严重威胁输电线路的安全稳定运行[10-12]。而风速直接影响火焰的蔓延速度[13],风能够将火焰中的火星、灰尘和火燃物带离火源,形成火灾的风向扩散。高风速可以迅速推动火焰,导致火势迅速蔓延,增加火灾的危险性。
当前,中外学者在风速对火焰形态的研究上做了较多工作。文献[14]利用FDS软件进行建模,模拟室外风对火焰燃烧倾角和长度的影响,得出室外风速增大会导致火焰长度缩短,并使其向上风向倾斜的角度减小,但会使火焰向下风向倾斜的角度增大的结论。文献[15]通过搭建模拟山火试验平台,分析了风速对火焰燃烧强度的影响,提出风速在1~3 m/s时,能促进植被的燃烧,加速火焰的蔓延。风速在3 m/s以上时,植被燃烧火焰的垂直高度会大幅度降低,甚至是熄灭。Rothermel[16]介绍了预测火灾蔓延的数学模型,并进行了试验来分析燃料和天气对山火蔓延的影响。但是实际山火情况下火焰边界的风力条件十分复杂,要控制环境的风速与风向是非常困难的,因此在试验过程中可能会出现较大的误差。
Pyrosim是一款专门为FDS开发的建模软件,利用流体动力学原理,能够快速准确地构建复杂的火灾模型。它可以预测烟雾浓度、烟气层高度、热流量等火灾过程中的关键参数,并可通过调用FDS进行模拟计算。用户可以使用Smokeview或Pyrosim results查看火灾模拟结果[17]。本文研究以木垛火焰作为对象,通过Pyrosim软件进行风速对火焰倾角的仿真模拟,得到不同风速条件下,木垛燃烧火焰的倾角变化,并通过试验对仿真结果进行验证分析,分析结果可为输电线路山火跳闸事故的预防以及输电线路走廊两侧植被的砍伐距离提供参考。
采用Pyrosim软件建立了一个室外场地模型,整个模型的尺寸为5 m×5 m×5 m。模拟的网格数量总计为125 000个,而模拟中的单元格尺寸则为0.1 m×0.1 m×0.1 m。在场地的左方加一个能控制风速的风扇,提供恒定风向和风速,其建立过程参考了模拟试验所开展的实际情况。
试验场地的环境压力为80 kPa,初始温度为25 ℃,整个计算区域采用绝缘、无滑移壁面条件[18]。试验场地四周通风,与外界相连。模拟风速1~10 m/s,模拟时间为100 s。
山火导致的输电线路跳闸主要涉及杂树、杂草、松树、杉树和桉树等可燃植物[19]。其中,杉树干具有结构简单、重复性好等特点,故采用一个尺寸为1 m×1 m×0.6 m的杉木垛用于模拟试验研究。结合工程常用防火模拟实际,采用t2火的火灾增长模型模拟实际火灾过程[20]t2火模型公式为
Q=at2
式(1)中:Q为热释放速率,kW;a为火灾增长系数,kW/s2;t为火灾增长时间,s。
在进行模拟试验分析时应针对可燃物的特点选择t2火模型的热释放速率参数。t2火模型的火灾增长系数可分为4种不同的类型,针对杉木等木本类植物,应该选用增长速度快的火源类型,即火灾增长系数a=0.046 9 kW/s2。模型的整体布置如图1所示。
经查阅[21],尺寸为1 m×1 m×0.6 m的方形植被种类完全燃烧产生的热释放速率大约为1 500 kW,图2为木垛的热释放速率随时间的模拟结果,可以看到木垛完全燃烧产生的热释放速率在1 500 kW左右,与查阅结果相符,证明模拟网格大小设置合适。
通过调节仿真模型中风扇的风速,得到不同风速下的火焰燃烧形态,如图3所示。
可以看到,当风速处于1~3 m/s的时候,火焰倾角受风速的影响较大,火焰形态较为完整,火焰长度在竖直方向上的高度逐渐缩短。当风速大于3 m/s时,火焰形态几乎保持不变,倾角变化也较小,火焰整体长度在竖直方向无较大变化,但在风速方向上逐渐变长。
图3中不同风速下火焰的形态进一步分析火焰的倾角关系,得到上述不同风速条件下火焰的倾角θ表1所示。
根据表1的内容对风速与火焰倾角的关系进行拟合分析,得到如图4的拟合结果。
图4的拟合关系不难发现,在风速为1~10 m/s时,风速与火焰倾角的拟合关系较好,拟合关系式为
θ=77.69(1-e-0.27S), 1≤S≤10
式(2)中:θ为火焰倾角,(°);S为风速,m/s。
通过式(2)可以更好地验证2.1小节中的分析结果,在风速1~4 m/s时,火焰的倾角从18.38°变化到了51.31°,火焰倾角变化了179.16%,变化幅度大。在风速4~10 m/s时,火焰倾角从51.31°变化到了72.47°,火焰倾角仅变化了38.54%,故在风速越大的情况下,火焰倾角的变化将会越小。在风速超过10 m/s时,应考虑以下因素。
(1)火焰形状的改变:高风速会改变火焰的形状。较强的风可能会导致火焰倾斜或摇摆,尤其是在户外环境中,这会使火焰呈现出不规则的形态。
(2)火焰的熄灭和扩散:高风速可以导致火焰的扩散,使火焰变得更广泛。另一方面,如果风速过大,可能导致氧气流过燃烧区域太快,使火焰熄灭。
(3)火焰的稳定性:高风速可能影响火焰的稳定性。在某些情况下,强风可能使火焰更难以维持,甚至可能导致火焰熄灭。
输电走廊外侧区域未被砍伐植被发生山火后,火焰和烟雾受不同环境风的影响偏向输电线路导致火焰和烟雾桥接导线与植被间隙。根据植被类型、植被高度、植被状态、气象条件(风速)等因素可确定火焰的长度,不同的植被高度和环境风可对应不同的火焰区长度。以仿真模型为基础,植被垛燃烧时的火焰偏转情况如图5所示。
根据几何关系以及式(2)可得火焰的水平偏移距离x与环境风S的关系式为
x=lsin[77.69(1-e-0.27S)], 1≤S≤10
考虑到实际山火发生时,输电线路走廊两侧植被砍伐距离X需在火焰水平偏转距离x的基础上加上一定的安全裕度[22],将风速设置为0 m/s时,可以得到此时杉木垛燃烧的火焰形态仿真结果如图6所示。
由仿真结果可得到火焰高度H为4.43 m,此时可以认为杉木垛燃烧的最大火焰高度Hmax与火焰长度l相等,即l=Hmax=H=4.43 m。通过式(3)可以得到不通风速下火焰的偏移距离如表2所示。
可以看出火焰偏移距离的变化与火焰倾角一样,随着风速的增大而逐渐趋于稳定,植被清理距离X需结合当地的季节特点、环境风特点、植被砍伐难度等因素综合确定。
为更进一步研究不同环境风情况下火焰倾角的变化情况,通过在室外开展木垛燃烧试验,搭建如图7所示的植被燃烧试验平台,测量不同环境风对火焰倾角的影响,来验证仿真结果的准确性。试验平台主要包括塔尺、金属板、植被垛、可见光摄像机。其中板电极通过耐火绝缘材料与地面隔开;植被垛作为火源放置在板电极正中心;试验过程通过两台水平布置的摄像机全程记录,两台摄像机所布置位置均可无死角的记录整体火焰形态,其中可见光相机的作用是通过后续对比试验录像中垂直布置的标尺来测量火焰高度。
试验过程中,尽量保证温度、湿度及大气压强等与仿真参数一致,以减少环境因素对试验结果产生的影响[23]
(1)塔尺:塔尺可以用来准确测量长度、宽度和高度。它具体设计和功能可以根据其应用场景的不同有所变化,但它的基本功能通常围绕着测量、绘制、校准和检查,本文研究中选择量程为7 m的塔尺,如图8所示。
(2)植被垛:燃烧试验使用的植被为典型植被杉木,摆放方式如图9所示。植被垛的布置密度根据仿真中设置决定,尺寸约为1 m×1 m×0.6 m。
(3)可见光相机:为研究植被垛燃烧的不同时刻对应的火焰高度的变化,需直观、清晰地记录下火焰燃烧时的形态。索尼DSC-RX10M4是一款高性能的紧凑型数码相机,配备1英寸的Exmor RS CMOS传感器,提供高画质和出色的低光性能,它不仅拍摄帧率高达100帧,且能持续拍摄135 min,适合拍摄火焰这种快速变化的物体,提供了更大的后期视频处理灵活性。
(4)风速测量仪器:为时刻关注试验过程中风速的变化情况,需要用风速测量仪器对试验环境中的风速进行实时测量。优利德(UNI-T)UT363是一款高精度的迷你型数字风速计,专为手持测量设计,适合各种环境下的风速检测,如图10所示。它具备快速响应和高准确度,可以实时显示风速数据,并提供多种单位选择,方便用户进行精确测量。
试验选取了在无风情况下测得的火焰最大火焰高度以及在1~3 m/s的环境风速下火焰的倾角变化瞬间作为验证,试验过程中不同风速下火焰形态变化图如图11所示。仿真结果与试验结果对比情况如表3所示。
测得无风情况下杉木垛的最大火焰高度为4 m,与仿真结果差距不大。由表3可以发现火焰倾角的仿真结果与试验结果在风速为1 m/s时的误差要大于风速为2 m/s和3 m/s时的情况。这是因为在低风速时火焰的形态波动较大,此时火焰初始倾角较小,故导致二者误差较大;当风速逐渐变大,此时火焰的形态趋于稳定,变化幅度小,导致火焰倾角的变化也随之变小,故误差较小。
(1)当风速处于低风速(1~2 m/s)时,杉木垛燃烧产生的火焰形态随风速的变化影响较大,火焰高度逐渐变低;当风速处于高风速(大于3 m/s)时,火焰形态几乎保持不变,火焰整体长度在竖直方向无较大变化,但在风速方向上逐渐变长。
(2)随着风速的变大,火焰倾角的变化也逐渐减小,故在输电线路山火防控方面,要特别关注中小型风速的情况。
(3)火焰水平偏移距离的变化随着风速的逐渐增大而减小,最后逐渐趋于稳定,输电线路走廊两侧植被的砍伐距离需在此基础上根据国家、行业和特定应用考虑一定安全裕度。
  • 国家自然科学基金(51677138)
  • 南方电网公司科技项目(GDKJXM20222564)
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2025年第25卷第10期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407890
  • 接收时间:2024-10-23
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-04-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-23
  • 修回日期:2025-03-05
基金
国家自然科学基金(51677138)
南方电网公司科技项目(GDKJXM20222564)
作者信息
    1 三峡大学电气与新能源学院, 宜昌 443002
    2 武汉大学电气与自动化学院, 武汉 430072

通讯作者:

* 黎鹏(1989—)男,汉族,湖北咸宁人,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力设备智能运维、电磁多物理场分析。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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