Article(id=1149780467655865161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149780466032669506, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403714, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1716134400000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-20, revisedDate=1735833600000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752058625376, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1744041600000, pubDateStr=2025-04-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752058625376, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752058625376, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752058625376, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149780466032669506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='10', pageStart='3969', pageEnd='4395', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752058624990, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456644259, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218558743898411553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149780466032669506, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218558743898411554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149780466032669506, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4067, endPage=4077, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149780468045935440, articleId=1149780467655865161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Evidence of Hydrothermal Activity and Its Significance in the Black Shale of Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation, Southeastern Sichuan Basin, columnId=1156262729003422020, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The influence of hydrothermal fluids on fluid-rock interactions and hydrocarbon generation in basins is of great significance. The mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of hydrothermal activity in the black shale of the Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation in southeastern Sichuan was investigated using advanced techniques such as large field splicing scanning electron microscopy, mineral quantitative analysis, X-ray diffraction, isotopes, and electron probes. The results show that non-metallic minerals such as barium ice feldspar, calcite, apatite, and barite, as well as metal minerals like sphalerite, pyrite, galena, and chalcopyrite, exhibit distinct characteristics of hydrothermal activity. The in-situ Sr isotope ratio of barite ranges from 0.719 76 to 0.723 94, with an average of 0.722 37. The carbonate mineral content is exceptionally high, up to 60%. Based on previous research, mineralogical and geochemical indicators for hydrothermal fluid activity in the Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation of southeastern Sichuan were established, suggesting that hydrothermal fluids have detrimental effects on reservoir space.

, correspAuthors=Bo RAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yi-qing ZHU, Xue-wen SHI, Xue YANG, Wei WU, Yu-ran YANG, Jia LIU, Yi LI, Huan XU, Bo RAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149780490632261680, articleId=1149780467655865161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=川东南五峰组-龙马溪组黑色页岩热液活动证据及意义, columnId=1156262729603207500, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·石油、天然气工业, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

热液流体活动对盆地中流体与岩石相互作用、烃类形成具有重要影响。为此,运用大视域拼接扫描电镜、矿物定量分析、X射线衍射、同位素、电子探针等技术手段,阐明了川东南五峰组-龙马溪组黑色页岩热液活动的矿物学和地球化学特征。研究结果表明:以钡冰长石、方解石、磷灰石、重晶石为主的非金属矿物和以闪锌矿、黄铁矿、方铅矿、黄铜矿为主的金属矿物组合具有典型的热液活动特征;重晶石原位锶同位素比值在0.719 76~0.723 94,平均值为0.722 37;碳酸盐矿物含量异常高,最高达60%。结合前人研究构建了川东南地区五峰组-龙马溪组热液流体活动的矿物学和地球化学识别标志,认为热液流体活动对储集空间具破坏性。

, correspAuthors=冉波, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 冉波(1980—),男,汉族,重庆人,博士,教授。研究方向:沉积岩石学。E-mail:
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朱逸青(1987—),男,汉族,湖北荆州人,博士,高级工程师。研究方向:页岩气地质综合评价。E-mail:

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朱逸青(1987—),男,汉族,湖北荆州人,博士,高级工程师。研究方向:页岩气地质综合评价。E-mail:

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朱逸青(1987—),男,汉族,湖北荆州人,博士,高级工程师。研究方向:页岩气地质综合评价。E-mail:

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据朱逸青等[12]修改

, figureFileSmall=trgSm5OarVwzqvm72xjsOQ==, figureFileBig=gVcYtZj3ctignwmGHGKCvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218525107467764136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780467655865161, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Non metallic minerals with hydrothermal fluid characteristics in marine shale in southeastern Sichuan, figureFileSmall=nkDtKC8cpc6D+vf0Q1UOMw==, figureFileBig=qzWd4WynFkjMSLgoJZAOow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218525107568427451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780467655865161, language=CN, label=图2, caption=川东南地区海相页岩具热液特征的非金属矿物, figureFileSmall=nkDtKC8cpc6D+vf0Q1UOMw==, figureFileBig=qzWd4WynFkjMSLgoJZAOow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218525107736199621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780467655865161, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Metallic minerals with hydrothermal fluid characteristics in marine shale in southeastern Sichuan, figureFileSmall=+0S9fiu1cxHXVxHGO8xwYA==, figureFileBig=pMb3ikWkuiPFL8tbQ6cIfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218525107832668622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780467655865161, language=CN, label=图3, caption=川东南地区海相页岩具热液流体特征的金属矿物, figureFileSmall=+0S9fiu1cxHXVxHGO8xwYA==, figureFileBig=pMb3ikWkuiPFL8tbQ6cIfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218525107937526235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780467655865161, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Sr isotope characteristics of the Longmaxi Formation in southeastern Sichuan, figureFileSmall=wnWx3aJek0Hb4XXQf/5msw==, figureFileBig=HQnKEytjFOYZuCpHUi90WA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218525108080132587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780467655865161, language=CN, label=图4, caption=川东南地区下志留统龙马溪组锶同位素特征, figureFileSmall=wnWx3aJek0Hb4XXQf/5msw==, figureFileBig=HQnKEytjFOYZuCpHUi90WA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218525108205961721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780467655865161, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Distribution characteristics of carbonate minerals (calcite+dolomite) content (%) in the drilling Wufeng Formation in southeastern Sichuan, figureFileSmall=ht0ouxIBVcGsgCoYcCt40w==, figureFileBig=PfEtNVofatRWCKBNzwJtnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218525108327596548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780467655865161, language=CN, label=图5, caption=川东南地区钻井五峰组碳酸盐矿物(方解石+白云石)含量(%)平面展布特征, figureFileSmall=ht0ouxIBVcGsgCoYcCt40w==, figureFileBig=PfEtNVofatRWCKBNzwJtnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218525108436648463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780467655865161, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Porosity, TOC, and mineral composition data of Y11-Y7-Y1 wells in southeastern Sichuan, figureFileSmall=fyZjDbAO2nT2FUFslTbu7w==, figureFileBig=pHG0YyxeFtfqLknty+1jYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218525108562477595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780467655865161, language=CN, label=图6, caption=川东南地区Y11井-Y7井-Y1井孔隙度、TOC、矿物组成数据, figureFileSmall=fyZjDbAO2nT2FUFslTbu7w==, figureFileBig=pHG0YyxeFtfqLknty+1jYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218525108675723819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780467655865161, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Electron probe major element analysis of minerals in drilling in southeastern Sichuan

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
编号
矿物 CaO/
wt%
TiO2/
%
BaO/
%
AL2O3/
%
SiO2/
%
MnO/
%
FeO/
%
Na2O/
%
MgO/
%
K2O/
%
SrO/
%
ZnO/
%
SO3/
%
CO2/
%
总量/
%
Y10-1-1 钡冰长石 0.05 0.62 17.20 22.00 50.51 0.00 0.08 0.34 0.00 8.44 99.25
Y10-1-2 钠长石 0.04 0.00 0.13 19.33 68.42 0.00 0.06 11.23 0.00 0.03 99.23
Y10-2-1 钠长石 0.12 0.01 0.06 19.20 67.94 0.02 0.07 12.02 0.01 0.04 99.49
Y10-2-2 钡冰长石 0.29 0.50 18.08 21.99 50.26 0.06 0.07 0.41 0.00 8.16 99.81
Y10-2-3 方解石 53.51 0.00 0.05 0.06 0.57 0.58 0.00 0.27 0.35 43.29 98.66
Y14-1-1 方解石 54.23 0.22 0.02 0.00 0.31 0.26 0.04 0.17 0.12 43.27 98.64
Y14-1-2 绿泥石 0.05 0.00 0.07 19.15 28.51 0.06 15.17 0.00 21.69 0.00 84.71
Y13-1-1 重晶石 0.02 65.96 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.02 0.12 0.11 34.53 100.91
样品
编号
矿物 Ag/
%
Cd/
%
Sb/
%
Te/
%
Se/
%
As/
%
Ge/
%
Zn/
%
Cu/
%
Ni/
%
Co/
%
Fe/
%
Pb/
%
S/
%
Au/
%
Hg/
%
Bi/
%
Mn/
%
Ga/
%
总量/
%
Y13-1-2 黄铁矿 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.07 46.17 0.00 53.32 0.00 99.61
Y10-3-1 黄铜矿 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 1.30 32.39 0.00 0.02 29.33 0.04 34.96 0.02 98.09
Y10-3-2 闪锌矿 0.00 0.05 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.00 63.65 0.05 0.00 0.05 2.20 0.02 32.86 0.00 98.97
Y10-3-3 黄铁矿 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.77 0.00 2.20 0.05 0.00 0.09 45.13 0.00 52.71 0.00 100.97
Y10-3-4 方铅矿 0.23 0.42 0.12 0.07 2.06 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.13 83.40 12.95 0.00 0.30 0.01 0.09 99.80
Y14-1-3 黄铜矿 0.02 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.04 32.99 0.00 0.04 29.74 0.03 34.93 0.06 97.96
Y14-1-4 黄铁矿 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.30 0.11 45.93 0.07 54.54 0.03 101.06
Y12-1-1 黄铁矿 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.31 0.39 0.31 0.29 45.23 0.00 54.14 0.02 100.79
Y12-1-2 黄铁矿 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.32 32.53 0.00 0.03 30.20 0.01 34.98 0.00 98.09
Y12-1-3 闪锌矿 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 53.97 5.23 0.00 0.03 8.15 0.00 33.14 0.00 100.73
), ArticleFig(id=1218525108822524473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780467655865161, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

川东南钻井矿物电子探针主量元素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
编号
矿物 CaO/
wt%
TiO2/
%
BaO/
%
AL2O3/
%
SiO2/
%
MnO/
%
FeO/
%
Na2O/
%
MgO/
%
K2O/
%
SrO/
%
ZnO/
%
SO3/
%
CO2/
%
总量/
%
Y10-1-1 钡冰长石 0.05 0.62 17.20 22.00 50.51 0.00 0.08 0.34 0.00 8.44 99.25
Y10-1-2 钠长石 0.04 0.00 0.13 19.33 68.42 0.00 0.06 11.23 0.00 0.03 99.23
Y10-2-1 钠长石 0.12 0.01 0.06 19.20 67.94 0.02 0.07 12.02 0.01 0.04 99.49
Y10-2-2 钡冰长石 0.29 0.50 18.08 21.99 50.26 0.06 0.07 0.41 0.00 8.16 99.81
Y10-2-3 方解石 53.51 0.00 0.05 0.06 0.57 0.58 0.00 0.27 0.35 43.29 98.66
Y14-1-1 方解石 54.23 0.22 0.02 0.00 0.31 0.26 0.04 0.17 0.12 43.27 98.64
Y14-1-2 绿泥石 0.05 0.00 0.07 19.15 28.51 0.06 15.17 0.00 21.69 0.00 84.71
Y13-1-1 重晶石 0.02 65.96 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.02 0.12 0.11 34.53 100.91
样品
编号
矿物 Ag/
%
Cd/
%
Sb/
%
Te/
%
Se/
%
As/
%
Ge/
%
Zn/
%
Cu/
%
Ni/
%
Co/
%
Fe/
%
Pb/
%
S/
%
Au/
%
Hg/
%
Bi/
%
Mn/
%
Ga/
%
总量/
%
Y13-1-2 黄铁矿 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.07 46.17 0.00 53.32 0.00 99.61
Y10-3-1 黄铜矿 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 1.30 32.39 0.00 0.02 29.33 0.04 34.96 0.02 98.09
Y10-3-2 闪锌矿 0.00 0.05 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.00 63.65 0.05 0.00 0.05 2.20 0.02 32.86 0.00 98.97
Y10-3-3 黄铁矿 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.77 0.00 2.20 0.05 0.00 0.09 45.13 0.00 52.71 0.00 100.97
Y10-3-4 方铅矿 0.23 0.42 0.12 0.07 2.06 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.13 83.40 12.95 0.00 0.30 0.01 0.09 99.80
Y14-1-3 黄铜矿 0.02 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.04 32.99 0.00 0.04 29.74 0.03 34.93 0.06 97.96
Y14-1-4 黄铁矿 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.30 0.11 45.93 0.07 54.54 0.03 101.06
Y12-1-1 黄铁矿 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.31 0.39 0.31 0.29 45.23 0.00 54.14 0.02 100.79
Y12-1-2 黄铁矿 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.32 32.53 0.00 0.03 30.20 0.01 34.98 0.00 98.09
Y12-1-3 闪锌矿 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 53.97 5.23 0.00 0.03 8.15 0.00 33.14 0.00 100.73
), ArticleFig(id=1218525108969325123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780467655865161, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The in-suit Sr isotopic compositions of barites from drilling Y10

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 样品 岩性 84Sr/86Sr
(corr)
2σ 84Sr/88Sr
(corr)
2σ 87Rb/86Sr
(corr)
2σ 87Sr/86Sr
(corr)
2σ
1 Y10-1-1 重晶石 0.055 8 0.000 1 0.006 67 0.000 01 0.015 05 0.000 58 0.721 92 0.000 04
2 Y10-1-2 重晶石 0.054 6 0.000 3 0.006 52 0.000 04 0.066 17 0.005 39 0.723 20 0.000 10
3 Y10-1-3 重晶石 0.055 9 0.000 1 0.006 68 0.000 02 0.004 01 0.000 13 0.722 09 0.000 07
4 Y10-1-4 重晶石 0.056 6 0.000 7 0.006 76 0.000 08 0.044 78 0.002 90 0.719 76 0.000 17
5 Y10-1-5 重晶石 0.055 2 0.000 4 0.006 59 0.000 04 0.073 05 0.003 12 0.723 76 0.000 11
6 Y10-1-6 重晶石 0.054 8 0.000 3 0.006 54 0.000 03 0.047 52 0.001 02 0.723 94 0.000 07
7 Y10-2-1 重晶石 0.055 8 0.000 2 0.006 66 0.000 02 0.018 05 0.000 78 0.723 47 0.000 06
8 Y10-2-2 重晶石 0.056 4 0.000 1 0.006 73 0.000 02 0.007 00 0.000 38 0.722 15 0.000 06
9 Y10-2-3 重晶石 0.055 6 0.000 2 0.006 64 0.000 02 0.005 91 0.000 15 0.723 08 0.000 07
10 Y10-2-4 重晶石 0.055 3 0.000 1 0.006 60 0.000 02 0.009 78 0.000 68 0.721 92 0.000 05
11 Y10-2-5 重晶石 0.056 5 0.000 9 0.006 75 0.000 11 0.435 82 0.010 03 0.721 50 0.000 32
12 Y10-2-6 重晶石 0.056 6 0.000 1 0.006 75 0.000 01 0.003 47 0.000 22 0.721 68 0.000 05
), ArticleFig(id=1218525109082571344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780467655865161, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

Y10井重晶石原位锶同位素组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 样品 岩性 84Sr/86Sr
(corr)
2σ 84Sr/88Sr
(corr)
2σ 87Rb/86Sr
(corr)
2σ 87Sr/86Sr
(corr)
2σ
1 Y10-1-1 重晶石 0.055 8 0.000 1 0.006 67 0.000 01 0.015 05 0.000 58 0.721 92 0.000 04
2 Y10-1-2 重晶石 0.054 6 0.000 3 0.006 52 0.000 04 0.066 17 0.005 39 0.723 20 0.000 10
3 Y10-1-3 重晶石 0.055 9 0.000 1 0.006 68 0.000 02 0.004 01 0.000 13 0.722 09 0.000 07
4 Y10-1-4 重晶石 0.056 6 0.000 7 0.006 76 0.000 08 0.044 78 0.002 90 0.719 76 0.000 17
5 Y10-1-5 重晶石 0.055 2 0.000 4 0.006 59 0.000 04 0.073 05 0.003 12 0.723 76 0.000 11
6 Y10-1-6 重晶石 0.054 8 0.000 3 0.006 54 0.000 03 0.047 52 0.001 02 0.723 94 0.000 07
7 Y10-2-1 重晶石 0.055 8 0.000 2 0.006 66 0.000 02 0.018 05 0.000 78 0.723 47 0.000 06
8 Y10-2-2 重晶石 0.056 4 0.000 1 0.006 73 0.000 02 0.007 00 0.000 38 0.722 15 0.000 06
9 Y10-2-3 重晶石 0.055 6 0.000 2 0.006 64 0.000 02 0.005 91 0.000 15 0.723 08 0.000 07
10 Y10-2-4 重晶石 0.055 3 0.000 1 0.006 60 0.000 02 0.009 78 0.000 68 0.721 92 0.000 05
11 Y10-2-5 重晶石 0.056 5 0.000 9 0.006 75 0.000 11 0.435 82 0.010 03 0.721 50 0.000 32
12 Y10-2-6 重晶石 0.056 6 0.000 1 0.006 75 0.000 01 0.003 47 0.000 22 0.721 68 0.000 05
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川东南五峰组-龙马溪组黑色页岩热液活动证据及意义
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朱逸青 1 , 石学文 1 , 杨雪 1 , 吴伟 1 , 杨雨然 1 , 刘佳 1 , 李怡 1 , 许幻 2 , 冉波 2, *
科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025,25(10): 4067-4077
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025, 25(10): 4067-4077
川东南五峰组-龙马溪组黑色页岩热液活动证据及意义
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朱逸青1 , 石学文1, 杨雪1, 吴伟1, 杨雨然1, 刘佳1, 李怡1, 许幻2, 冉波2, *
作者信息
  • 1 中国石油西南油气田公司, 成都 610051
  • 2 成都理工大学地球科学学院, 成都 610059
  • 朱逸青(1987—),男,汉族,湖北荆州人,博士,高级工程师。研究方向:页岩气地质综合评价。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 冉波(1980—),男,汉族,重庆人,博士,教授。研究方向:沉积岩石学。E-mail:
Evidence of Hydrothermal Activity and Its Significance in the Black Shale of Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation, Southeastern Sichuan Basin
Yi-qing ZHU1 , Xue-wen SHI1, Xue YANG1, Wei WU1, Yu-ran YANG1, Jia LIU1, Yi LI1, Huan XU2, Bo RAN2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, Chengdu 610051, China
  • 2 School of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
出版时间: 2025-04-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403714
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热液流体活动对盆地中流体与岩石相互作用、烃类形成具有重要影响。为此,运用大视域拼接扫描电镜、矿物定量分析、X射线衍射、同位素、电子探针等技术手段,阐明了川东南五峰组-龙马溪组黑色页岩热液活动的矿物学和地球化学特征。研究结果表明:以钡冰长石、方解石、磷灰石、重晶石为主的非金属矿物和以闪锌矿、黄铁矿、方铅矿、黄铜矿为主的金属矿物组合具有典型的热液活动特征;重晶石原位锶同位素比值在0.719 76~0.723 94,平均值为0.722 37;碳酸盐矿物含量异常高,最高达60%。结合前人研究构建了川东南地区五峰组-龙马溪组热液流体活动的矿物学和地球化学识别标志,认为热液流体活动对储集空间具破坏性。

热液流体  /  黑色页岩  /  五峰组-龙马溪组  /  川东南地区

The influence of hydrothermal fluids on fluid-rock interactions and hydrocarbon generation in basins is of great significance. The mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of hydrothermal activity in the black shale of the Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation in southeastern Sichuan was investigated using advanced techniques such as large field splicing scanning electron microscopy, mineral quantitative analysis, X-ray diffraction, isotopes, and electron probes. The results show that non-metallic minerals such as barium ice feldspar, calcite, apatite, and barite, as well as metal minerals like sphalerite, pyrite, galena, and chalcopyrite, exhibit distinct characteristics of hydrothermal activity. The in-situ Sr isotope ratio of barite ranges from 0.719 76 to 0.723 94, with an average of 0.722 37. The carbonate mineral content is exceptionally high, up to 60%. Based on previous research, mineralogical and geochemical indicators for hydrothermal fluid activity in the Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation of southeastern Sichuan were established, suggesting that hydrothermal fluids have detrimental effects on reservoir space.

hydrothermal fluid  /  black shale  /  Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi formation  /  southeastern Sichuan
朱逸青, 石学文, 杨雪, 吴伟, 杨雨然, 刘佳, 李怡, 许幻, 冉波. 川东南五峰组-龙马溪组黑色页岩热液活动证据及意义. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (10) : 4067 -4077 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403714
Yi-qing ZHU, Xue-wen SHI, Xue YANG, Wei WU, Yu-ran YANG, Jia LIU, Yi LI, Huan XU, Bo RAN. Evidence of Hydrothermal Activity and Its Significance in the Black Shale of Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation, Southeastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (10) : 4067 -4077 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403714
四川盆地作为五峰组-龙马溪组海相页岩勘探开发的主要盆地,对中国非常规油气的成藏成储具有重要的引领作用[1-2]。然而,越来越多的研究表明,由于热液流体富含H2S等酸性气体和多种阴阳离子[3],可与储层岩石矿物发生化学反应影响油气的生成以及储层的形成和发育[4-5],因此深部热液流体活动对于油气成藏、成储具十分重要的影响。
针对川东南五峰组-龙马溪组黑色页岩中热液流体活动的识别研究主要集中在地球化学方法。例如,Wang等[6]利用伽马射线异常指示川东南地区五峰组-龙马溪组热液流体活动;Chen等[7]利用Fe、Fe/Ti等地球化学元素含量异常法指示威远地区热液流体活动较为活跃,进而探讨热液流体活动对有机质富集的影响。但目前尚未建立川东南地区五峰组-龙马溪组黑色页岩热液流体活动的矿物学指标。本次研究除了采用地球化学方法,还提供了五峰组-龙马溪组页岩热液流体活动详细的矿物学证据,以期构建一套相对完善的热液流体识别标准。
为此,现以川东南地区五峰组-龙马溪组海相页岩为研究对象,运用钻井岩心的大视域拼接扫描电镜(简称“大拼”)、矿物定量分析(quantitative evalua-tion of minerals by scanning electron microscopy, QEMSCAN)、电子探针和原位同位素分析等测试手段,系统地阐明了五峰组-龙马溪组黑色页岩热液流体活动的矿物学及地球化学特征,构建川东南地区热液流体活动的空间展布,并在此基础上分析热液流体对储集空间的影响。
四川盆地位于扬子地块偏西北侧,其在印支期初具盆地雏形,后经喜山旋回形成现今构造面貌[8],而研究区主要指大凉山以东、乐山—龙女寺古隆起龙马溪组剥蚀线以南、华蓥山以西和黔北凹陷以北的区域[图1(a)][9]。目的层为沉积于晚奥陶世凯迪期、早志留世鲁丹期、埃隆期以及特列奇早期的五峰组-龙马溪组富有机质页岩,层理发育,沉积环境为低能、欠补偿、缺氧的陆表海环境[10-11]。现今埋深自北西向东南变迁,厚度稳定,分布介于0~4 500 m[图1(b)]。其中五峰组下部为黏土质页岩,上部为硅质页岩;龙马溪组自下而上分为龙一段和龙二段,其中龙一段的龙一1亚段主要发育硅质页岩、黏土质页岩夹少量含钙粉砂岩,可划分为龙一 1 1、龙一 1 2、龙一 1 3、龙一 1 4共4个小层[图1(c)]。
本次研究共测试了川东南地区14口钻井的五峰组-龙马溪组黑色页岩样品以及1条剖面样品,其钻井分布图如图1(a)所示,开展包括大拼、QEMSCAN、电子探针、同位素、全岩X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction, XRD)等实验分析热液流体活动。
大拼和QEMSCAN在中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所分别使用德国蔡司MERLIN场发射扫描电子显微镜和Bruker XFlash 6130仪器完成,首先将用于测试的20块岩心样品制成8 mm×8 mm×3 mm的小方块,使用砂纸粗抛,后经氩离子抛光制得成像区域。使用二次电子和背散射对前述小方块进行250 nm的整体扫描,随后利用Atlas制成一张高精度(4 nm)、大视域(像素50 000×50 000)的MAPS图像。
电子探针在武汉上谱科技有限责任公司进行,首先将20块用于电子探针和BSE的岩心样品制成长不超过5 cm,宽不超过3 cm的探针片,使用日本电子探针(JXA-8230)在电流为2×10-8 A、电压为20 kV,束斑为1 μm的条件下进行实验,同时拍摄相应的BSE照片。
原位锶同位素组成在科荟测试(天津)科技有限公司利用LA-MC-ICP-MS(RESOlution SE 193 nm+Neptune plus)微区原位分析完成,首先将2个目标样品制成前述标准的探针片,在激光能量密度约为6 J/cm2,频率为8 Hz,剥蚀的斑束直径为10 ~ 100 μm的条件下,采用单点剥蚀模式,对其进行原位锶同位素测试。
XRD在四川省科源工程技术测试中心完成,使用仪器为X射线衍射仪(MS214)对221块岩心样品和19块剖面样品进行矿物组成分析(全岩)。
孔隙度在中国石油西南油气田分公司勘探开发研究院分析实验中心完成,使用仪器为全径柱塞岩心孔隙度测定仪(K34813)对川东南地区Y1井(49块)、Y7井(60块)、Y11井(79块)共计188块不规则岩心样品进行孔隙度测试。
总有机碳(total organic carbon, TOC)分析于中国石油西南油气田分公司勘探开发研究院分析实验中心完成,在温度为25 ℃,湿度为56%RH的检测环境下,使用仪器为碳硫分析仪(K35222)对川东南地区Y1井(49块)、Y7井(60块)、Y11井(79块)共计188件岩心样品进行分析。
研究区岩心样品的大拼为高精度(4 nm)的动态图,其可展示页岩单矿物的颗粒大小、形态结构、颗粒内部孔隙分布、大小等信息,以及多种矿物的接触关系、矿物分布等信息 [13]。QEMSCAN识别页岩矿物种类及其含量[13],共识别川东南地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩组成矿物约17种,包括石英、长石(钾长石、钠长石)、碳酸盐矿物(方解石、白云石、铁白云石)、黏土矿物(伊利石、绿泥石)、钡冰长石、黄铁矿、磷灰石、金红石、闪锌矿等,同时大拼和QEMSCAN可搭配观察分析,对同一矿物和不同矿物的微观特征有效识别和精细解剖。
电子探针共识别出钠长石、钡冰长石、方解石、绿泥石、闪锌矿等9种矿物,其中钡冰长石与钠长石共生的电子探针分析表明,钡冰长石中BaO含量17.20%~18.08%,平均17.64%,K2O含量8.44%~8.16%,平均8.30%;钠长石中BaO含量0.13%~0.06%,平均0.10%,Na2O含量11.23%~12.02%,平均11.63%(表1)。
本次研究获得的Y10井重晶石原位锶同位素组成结果如表2所示,锶同位素比值在0.719 76~0.723 94,平均值为0.722 37。
川东南地区Y11井和G剖面的碳酸盐矿物(方解石+白云石)XRD平均值分别为26%、9%,另外8口钻井碳酸盐矿物含量异常高,平均值范围在12%~60%,其中Y1井为60%,Y2井为45%、Y3井为39%、Y4井为35%、Y5井为47%、Y6井为46%、Y9井为12%、Y10井为20%。
本次研究获得川东南地区Y1井、Y7井、Y11井三口钻井共计188件样品的孔隙度,其中Y1井孔隙度在0.83%~5.90%,平均值为4.15%;Y7井孔隙度在2.42%~6.29%,平均值为4.66%;Y11井1.88%~8.26%,平均值为5.04%。
本次研究获得川东南地区Y1井、Y7井、Y11井三口钻井共计188件样品的TOC,其中,Y1井TOC在0.07%~7.03%,平均值为2.34%;Y7井TOC在0.72%~5.45%,平均值为2.62%;Y11井TOC在0.51%~5.55%,平均值为2.41%。
热液流体活动常伴随着热液矿物的沉淀,如钡冰长石、重晶石、方解石、磷灰石、黏土矿物、黄铁矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿,以及以特定的共生组合形式出现。本次研究基于电子探针、大拼和QEMSCAN分析观察,共识别出川东南地区五峰组-龙马溪组2类热液流体活动指示矿物:以钡冰长石、方解石、磷灰石为主的非金属矿物和以闪锌矿、黄铁矿、方铅矿为主的金属矿物及其组合。
(1)钡冰长石:钡冰长石部分或完全包裹方解石、钠长石,如图2(a)图2(b)所示。现今中外研究表明钡冰长石形成于成岩期、中低温热液环境[14-15]。此外,扬子元等[16]对钾-钡长石系列与钡交代作用的研究,认为热液活动促使钡交代钾长石形成钡冰长石,这与该处钡冰长石相对富钡贫钾的特征相一致(表1)。综上所述,钡冰长石的存在并非沉积成因,而是典型的热液流体成因的指示矿物。
(2)重晶石:重晶石呈脉状沿裂隙分布于页岩中[图2(c)],在脉体边缘广泛出现黄铁矿,这种产出形式的重晶石常被认为热液成因[17-18]
(3)方解石:方解石呈微菱形密集散乱分布于有机质中,颗粒大小普遍<2 μm[图2(d)图2(g)]。该方解石颗粒细小且大面积分布,表面干净、边界平直,表明其未明显受到有机质热演化的溶蚀作用。此外,方解石颗粒粒度均匀,表明沉淀析出较快。这与李克等[19]研究的产于火山-热液活动的泥晶方解石较为相似,指示微菱形方解石可能为热液流体活动的快速沉淀析出的标志。
(4)磷灰石:川东南五峰组-龙马溪组磷灰石广泛出现,呈现单颗粒或集合体形态,部分沿黏土矿物层间分布[图2(e)图2(h)]。这种集合体磷灰石与Lin等[20]研究的中国西南部卡林型金矿中的热液磷灰石相似。含磷热液流体的运移和富集对于孔隙空间要求较高,然而页岩渗透率和孔隙度相对较低,唯有黏土矿物、有机质等塑形矿物可为其提供所需的形成空间,这种方式形成的磷灰石形态及空间分布特征受黏土控制较为明显,沿着黏土层间分布。
黏土矿物脉:黏土矿物作为五峰组-龙马溪组主要矿物之一,其成因类型丰富,包括长石的成岩转化,大陆风化沉积、热液蚀变等[21-23]。研究区黏土矿物脉体含异常高的绿泥石和伊利石,与有机质呈紧密接触,其间含有钡冰长石、石英、黄铁矿、方解石[图2(f)图2(i)]。据前人研究表明,异常高的绿泥石可能与热液流体活动有关,因热液流体呈酸性且富含Fe2+、Mg2+,从而促进绿泥石的发育[23]。此外,黏土矿物脉体中含有的石英、黄铁矿等矿物可能为热液流体流经时捕获的围岩基质。
黄铁矿-黄铜矿-闪锌矿-方铅矿共生组合:该组合以闪锌矿为主体,呈团斑状充填于围岩基质中。黄铜矿呈固溶体分离结构分布于闪锌矿中,他形黄铁矿与闪锌矿呈包含结构,同时可见闪锌矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿呈共边结构[图3(a)]。
闪锌矿-黄铜矿-方解石-绿泥石共生组合:该组合以绿泥石-黄铜矿-方解石为主体呈脉状充填于裂隙中,其中黄铁矿呈自形-半自形粗粒状,黄铜矿呈脉状充填于裂隙中,此外可见黄铜矿与闪锌矿具固溶体分离结构[图3(b)]。绿泥石呈脉状充填说明其形成时的流体具酸性、富Fe2+和Mg2+的特点[23]
黄铁矿-闪锌矿-黄铜矿共生组合:该组合整体呈充填结构,早期的黄铁矿呈立方体,约10 μm,晚期黄铜矿-闪锌矿呈共边结构[图3(c)]。热液流体在较低的硫逸度、冷却速度较快以及物质供应匮乏的环境下,主要发育立方体黄铁矿。
闪锌矿脉:闪锌矿在自然界各类热液矿床中广泛出现,一定程度上指示热液成因[24-25]。研究区的闪锌矿主要以充填裂缝的形式出现,内部含少量石英[图3(d)图3(e)],为典型的热液成因。
由于锶同位素分馏不受物理、化学或生物反应影响[26],同时具有保留时间长(1.9×107 a)的特点[26],锶同位素作为地壳演化、气候变化、海底热事件等重大地质事件的敏感示踪剂。蒋裕强等[27]利用锶同位素指示四川盆地中部中二叠统白云岩储集空间受热液流体控制。刘家军等[28]分析锶同位素组成,表明南秦岭大巴山志留系地层中的钡矿床为同时代海水与深部热液带来的壳源锶混合所致。因此,锶同位素常用于示踪热液流体的来源。
前人对于川东南地区锶同位素组成进行了大量研究:Zou等[29]研究表明川东南武隆地区早奥陶世重晶石-萤石矿床原位锶同位素比值在0.709 95~0.712 26,平均为0.711 47,高于同时期海水87Sr/86Sr比值(0.707 8~0.708 7)[30],且与地壳岩浆值(0.711 1~0.711 3)[31]相近,指示该矿床为典型的热液成因;张廷山等[32]四川盆地綦江地区志留统锶同位素比值为0.709 67~0.712 50,高于同时期海水,与地壳岩浆值相近,指示该区一定程度受热液流体的影响;Zhang等[33]四川盆地长宁地区下志留统黑色页岩锶同位素比值为0.715 55~0.728 13,平均为0.721 19,高于同时期海水和地壳岩浆值,推断该区不受或受热液影响程度较小。本次研究区内重晶石原位锶同位素数据显示,87Sr/86Sr比值介于0.719 76~0.723 94,平均为0.722 37。重晶石87Sr/86Sr高于同期海水值和地壳岩浆值,表明地壳岩浆热液和海水来源的可能性很小。因此,武隆地区、綦江地区锶同位素显示明显的热液流体活动影响,而泸州地区、长宁地区锶同位素不受或受热液流体活动影响较小(图4)。
热液流体活动会携带一定的化学物质从地层深部沿裂隙、断层向浅部运移,会改变流经围岩的成岩环境,从而导致某些元素或某些矿物含量出现异常,这对于热液流体活动具一定的指示作用[34]
本次研究基于川东南地区9口钻井及1条剖面样品表明,五峰组碳酸盐矿物平均含量异常高,最高达60%。据前人研究表明,五峰组顶部的观音桥段以介壳灰岩为主,但观音桥段仅在事件影响范围内存在,而在其缺失处,五峰组-龙马溪组可整合连续沉积[35]。此外,本次研究岩心观察及取样过程中无明显的观音桥段沉积,且该区方解石呈微菱形密集及分布[图2(d)图2(g)]的特征。因此,碳酸盐矿物含量的异常不太可能是观音桥段沉积成因,而是热液成因。
川东南五峰组-龙马溪组碳酸盐矿物含量不仅存在异常,空间上还存在一定的展布特征。为了明确这一特征,选择靠近盆地中心Y11井和盆地东边的G剖面碳酸盐矿物含量平均值(26%和9%)作为川东南地区的背景值,探讨该地区碳酸盐矿物的异常趋势。研究表明,碳酸盐矿物含量异常值与最大背景值相差最大为34%,且自北东向西南方向呈降低趋势,一定程度指示了热液流体活动呈现相似的强度变化。这与锶同位素对泸州地区和綦江地区热液流体影响程度的指示相一致(图4)。因此,结合碳酸盐矿物含量在区域上的异常趋势评估热液流体活动的强度,划分了强(50%)、中(26%~50%)、弱(<26%)3个强度分区,其中热液流体活动较强地区包括Y1井;热液流体活动强度中等地区包括Y2井、Y3井、Y4井、Y5井、Y6井;热液流体活动强度较弱地区包括Y9井、Y10井(图5)。
前人研究表明,热液流体可以矿物充填形式阻碍储集空间的发育 [36],主要包括石英、方解石、铁白云石等[37]。随着温压变化,热液流体会携带上覆地层或周边区域的物质,以沉淀特征矿物及组合充填裂隙、矿物粒间孔等,使得储集性能减弱[38]
据前述研究表明,在川东南地区五峰组-龙马溪组热液流体可能来源于北东方向,且自北东方向至西南方向呈减弱趋势,可能会影响储集性能。为了明确热液流体活动对储集空间的影响,选择Y11井-Y7井-Y1井进行解剖。据孔隙度数据表明(图6):孔隙度自北东方向至西南方向呈明显的降低趋势,由Y11井的1.88%~8.26%,平均值为5.04%,到Y7井的2.42%~6.29%,平均值为4.66%,最后到Y1井的0.83%~5.90%,平均值为4.15%。这与黎霆等[39]研究表明四川盆地中西部地区二叠系茅口组白云岩孔隙度的变化揭示热液流体对储层发育的破坏相一致,说明川东南地区热液流体活动对储集空间的发育具有破坏性。此外,单井中存在TOC高对应孔隙度低的明显异常点,这可能为热液活动的局部突发性影响造成。
(1)热液流体与接触的岩石发生复杂的流体-岩石化学反应,引起了岩石矿物组成、矿物含量等产生明显的异常。结合矿物学和地球化学证据可有效地识别川东南地区五峰组-龙马溪组黑色页岩中热液流体活动。
(2)热液流体活动的矿物学指标为多种类型的热液矿物及其组合,包括钡冰长石、方解石、黏土矿物、重晶石、闪锌矿-方铅矿、闪锌矿-黄铜矿-方解石-绿泥石等。
(3)热液流体活动的地球化学指标为原位锶同位素和碳酸盐矿物含量异常,指示川东南地区五峰组-龙马溪组热液流体发育,且强度自北东向至西南方向划分为强、中、弱3个等级。此外,热液流体活动对储层具有破坏性,自西南向北东方向热液强度增强,其储集空间减小。
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2025年第25卷第10期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403714
  • 接收时间:2024-05-20
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-04-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-20
  • 修回日期:2025-01-03
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国家自然科学基金(42072129)
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    1 中国石油西南油气田公司, 成都 610051
    2 成都理工大学地球科学学院, 成都 610059

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* 冉波(1980—),男,汉族,重庆人,博士,教授。研究方向:沉积岩石学。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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