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Article(id=1149780467311932230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149780466032669506, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403697, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1715961600000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-18, revisedDate=1736438400000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752058625294, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1744041600000, pubDateStr=2025-04-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752058625294, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752058625294, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752058625294, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149780466032669506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='10', pageStart='3969', pageEnd='4395', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752058624990, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456644259, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218558743898411553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149780466032669506, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218558743898411554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149780466032669506, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4102, endPage=4108, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149780467697808202, articleId=1149780467311932230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Optical Fiber Monitoring Algorithm of Two-phase Dielectric Interface in Cavity Well, columnId=1156262729003422020, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The key factor to control the shape of salt cavern cavity is to control the depth of the interface between solvent and brine, and the accurate monitoring of the interface is the prerequisite for its control. The current two-phase media interface monitoring technology has the disadvantages of poor real-time performance and low precision. A special algorithm for two-phase media monitoring in cavity well was proposed. Distributed optical fiber was used to collect the temperature data in the vertical direction of the cavity, and the original temperature curves were respectively processed by local weighted regression analysis and Kalman filtering. Through the difference calculation of the treated curve, the region with the most obvious temperature difference was identified, and the interface position of the two-phase medium was preliminatively determined. Then, the temperature curve in the initial location area was processed by convolutional smoothing filtering, the weighted rate of change of the convolutional smoothing filter curve was calculated, the maximum value of the temperature change rate was found, and the specific location of the interface of the two-phase medium was finally determined. The algorithm was used to monitor the interface of two phase media under actual conditions. The experimental results show that the error of the measured data obtained by this system is controlled within 0.3 m compared with that obtained by neutron logging method. Compared with the traditional optical fiber monitoring technology, the proposed algorithm has the advantages of simple operation, high measurement accuracy and high reliability.

, correspAuthors=Gong-ming ZHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hao ZHANG, Gong-ming ZHENG, Xian-jian ZOU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149780496567201966, articleId=1149780467311932230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=造腔井两相介质界面光纤监测算法, columnId=1156262729603207500, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·石油、天然气工业, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

盐穴造腔时调控腔体形态的关键因素是控制阻溶剂与卤水界面的深浅,而阻溶剂与卤水界面的准确监测又是其控制的前提条件。当前的两相介质界面监测技术存在实时性差、精度不高等缺点。提出了一种针对造腔井内两相介质监测的专用算法。利用分布式光纤采集腔内垂直方向的温度数据,并对原始温度曲线分别进行局部加权回归分析和卡尔曼滤波处理。通过对处理后的曲线进行差分运算,识别出温差变化最明显的区域,初步确定两相介质的界面位置。然后,对初步定位区域内的温度曲线进行卷积平滑滤波处理,计算卷积平滑滤波曲线的加权变化率,找到温度变化率的最值点,最终确定两相介质交界面的具体位置。该算法通过实际工况下造腔两相介质界面监测。实验结果表明,该系统获取的测量数据与中子测井法所得结果相比,其误差控制在了0.3 m的范围内。本文算法相较于传统的光纤监测技术,具有操作简单、测量精度和可靠性高的优点。

, correspAuthors=郑恭明, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 郑恭明(1980—),男,汉族,重庆人,博士,副教授。研究方向:人工智能、物联网技术。E-mail:。
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张昊(1999—),男,汉族,山东潍坊人,硕士研究生。研究方向:电子信息。E-mail:。

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张昊(1999—),男,汉族,山东潍坊人,硕士研究生。研究方向:电子信息。E-mail:。

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张昊(1999—),男,汉族,山东潍坊人,硕士研究生。研究方向:电子信息。E-mail:。

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Microcomputer Applications, 2023, 39(10): 14-17., articleTitle=Analysis of atmospheric electric field signal in thunderstorm weather based on savitzky-golay filtering, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1218525106394026208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780467311932230, awardId=42377178, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(42377178), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1218525106507272426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780467311932230, awardId=2023010201010078, language=CN, fundingSource=武汉知识创新专项项目(2023010201010078), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1218525101557994402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780467311932230, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218525101562188707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780467311932230, companyId=1218525101557994402, language=EN, country=null, 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Algorithm accuracy test table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测试
次数		 注退
油量/m3		 界面位置/m 测量差值/m
中子测量 光纤测量
1 退0.5 1 026.2 1 026.4 0.2
2 退1.0 1 025.9 1 026.2 0.3
3 退0.5 1 024.9 1 025.1 0.2
4 退0.5 1 023.4 1 023.3 -0.1
5 退0.2 1 022.2 1 022.5 0.3
), ArticleFig(id=1218525106213671116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780467311932230, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

算法精度测试表

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测试
次数		 注退
油量/m3		 界面位置/m 测量差值/m
中子测量 光纤测量
1 退0.5 1 026.2 1 026.4 0.2
2 退1.0 1 025.9 1 026.2 0.3
3 退0.5 1 024.9 1 025.1 0.2
4 退0.5 1 023.4 1 023.3 -0.1
5 退0.2 1 022.2 1 022.5 0.3
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造腔井两相介质界面光纤监测算法
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张昊 1 , 郑恭明 1, * , 邹先坚 2
科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025,25(10): 4102-4108
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025, 25(10): 4102-4108
造腔井两相介质界面光纤监测算法
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张昊1 , 郑恭明1, * , 邹先坚2
作者信息
  • 1 长江大学电子信息与电气工程学院, 荆州 434000
  • 2 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室, 武汉 430071

    • 张昊(1999—),男,汉族,山东潍坊人,硕士研究生。研究方向:电子信息。E-mail:。

通讯作者:

* 郑恭明(1980—),男,汉族,重庆人,博士,副教授。研究方向:人工智能、物联网技术。E-mail:。
Optical Fiber Monitoring Algorithm of Two-phase Dielectric Interface in Cavity Well
Hao ZHANG1 , Gong-ming ZHENG1, * , Xian-jian ZOU2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, China
  • 2 State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciencess, Wuhan 430071, China
出版时间: 2025-04-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403697
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摘要
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盐穴造腔时调控腔体形态的关键因素是控制阻溶剂与卤水界面的深浅,而阻溶剂与卤水界面的准确监测又是其控制的前提条件。当前的两相介质界面监测技术存在实时性差、精度不高等缺点。提出了一种针对造腔井内两相介质监测的专用算法。利用分布式光纤采集腔内垂直方向的温度数据,并对原始温度曲线分别进行局部加权回归分析和卡尔曼滤波处理。通过对处理后的曲线进行差分运算,识别出温差变化最明显的区域,初步确定两相介质的界面位置。然后,对初步定位区域内的温度曲线进行卷积平滑滤波处理,计算卷积平滑滤波曲线的加权变化率,找到温度变化率的最值点,最终确定两相介质交界面的具体位置。该算法通过实际工况下造腔两相介质界面监测。实验结果表明,该系统获取的测量数据与中子测井法所得结果相比,其误差控制在了0.3 m的范围内。本文算法相较于传统的光纤监测技术,具有操作简单、测量精度和可靠性高的优点。

地下储气库  /  溶腔造库  /  数据滤波  /  介质界面监测

The key factor to control the shape of salt cavern cavity is to control the depth of the interface between solvent and brine, and the accurate monitoring of the interface is the prerequisite for its control. The current two-phase media interface monitoring technology has the disadvantages of poor real-time performance and low precision. A special algorithm for two-phase media monitoring in cavity well was proposed. Distributed optical fiber was used to collect the temperature data in the vertical direction of the cavity, and the original temperature curves were respectively processed by local weighted regression analysis and Kalman filtering. Through the difference calculation of the treated curve, the region with the most obvious temperature difference was identified, and the interface position of the two-phase medium was preliminatively determined. Then, the temperature curve in the initial location area was processed by convolutional smoothing filtering, the weighted rate of change of the convolutional smoothing filter curve was calculated, the maximum value of the temperature change rate was found, and the specific location of the interface of the two-phase medium was finally determined. The algorithm was used to monitor the interface of two phase media under actual conditions. The experimental results show that the error of the measured data obtained by this system is controlled within 0.3 m compared with that obtained by neutron logging method. Compared with the traditional optical fiber monitoring technology, the proposed algorithm has the advantages of simple operation, high measurement accuracy and high reliability.

underground gas storage  /  cavity storage  /  data filtering  /  medium interface monitoring
张昊, 郑恭明, 邹先坚. 造腔井两相介质界面光纤监测算法. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (10) : 4102 -4108 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403697
Hao ZHANG, Gong-ming ZHENG, Xian-jian ZOU. Optical Fiber Monitoring Algorithm of Two-phase Dielectric Interface in Cavity Well[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (10) : 4102 -4108 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403697
正文
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盐穴储气库的大规模商业化建设和安全运营是国家战略需求和“十四五”新型储能发展的主要目标之一[1]。盐穴储气库是在地下盐层或盐丘中利用水溶采盐形成的地下空腔来储存天然气的能源战略储备设施[2-3]。在盐穴储气库的溶腔建库过程中,腔体形态是决定储气库容量和稳定运行的关键因素[4-5]。造腔过程中通过控制阻溶剂与卤水的界面位置,可以有效地调控腔体形态[6]。阻溶剂和卤水界面的精准监测不仅对造腔形态具有重要意义,还可减少阻溶剂的使用量,具有显著的经济效益[7]。
因盐穴造腔的地质环境和条件,传统的两相介质界面监测方法(压力表对比法、地面观察法、浮子法、水锤激发测面法、超声波液位法)均不适用[8-9]。为满足储气库溶腔精度的需求,目前也有许多学者开展了相关研究,文献[10-14]分别就盐穴储气库造腔油水界面深度实时检测技术、盐穴储气库中子寿命测试油水界面技术、基于深度学习的盐穴储气库油水界面监测方法、基于光纤技术的盐穴储气库溶腔过程油水界面监测、光纤技术在盐穴储气库油水界面监测中的应用进行深入研究。其中应用广泛的监测方法主要有中子测井法和分布式光纤监测法两种[11]。中子测井法虽然能较准确地获取两相介质界面深度,但存在无法连续监测、施工要求高、时间长且价格昂贵等缺点[15]。分布式光纤监测法是将光纤通过造腔管道布设到腔体内部,可实现实时测量、不影响施工、价格便宜[16]。但目前分布式光纤监测介质界面位置精度为0.6 m,且需人工定位,测量精度及操作便捷性有待进一步提高。
综上所述,传统的介质界面监测技术在应用于盐穴储气库造腔井时存在局限性,而光纤测井法其精度和操作便捷性仍有提升空间。因此,针对这一问题,现提出一种基于分布式光纤两相介质界面监测算法,旨在满足对盐穴储气库介质界面进行高精度监测的实际需求。
1 造腔井两相介质界面光纤监测原理
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在盐穴储气库溶腔阶段,因为卤水的饱和度下高上低,造成上溶速率大于底部和侧溶速率。为了控制造腔速度和腔体形态,必须在卤水上部注入阻溶剂,阻溶剂与卤水之间的分界面称为两相介质界面[17]。目前常用的阻溶剂有柴油及氮气两种,由于氮气压力高、泄漏风险大,对管柱气密性、耐压性具有较高要求[18],所以目前造腔井大多采用柴油作为阻溶剂,施工单位主要采用油垫法水溶建腔的工艺进行水溶造腔,即通过淡水注入通道引入淡水溶腔,卤水排出管道用将卤水排出,并通过对阻溶剂注入管道注入柴油,形成一定厚度的油垫层在腔体顶部,从而实现对腔体上溶的控制[19]。图1为水溶造腔示意图。
造腔井两相介质界面监测是基于光纤测温原理和介质比热容差异原理的综合应用,利用不同介质比热容差别,通过分布式光纤监测温度变化,实现介质界面监测。
综上所述,传统的介质界面监测技术在应用于盐穴储气库造腔井时存在局限性,而光纤测井法其精度和操作便捷性仍有提升空间。因此,本研究旨在针对这一问题,提出了一种基于分布式光纤两相介质界面监测算法,旨在满足对盐穴储气库介质界面进行高精度监测的实际需求。
1.1 分布式光纤测温原理
分布式光纤测温原理如下:使用激光器发射一束脉冲激光到传感光纤中,脉冲激光在传输过程中与光纤介质分子相互作用会发生拉曼散射现象[20-22],拉曼散射具有较强的温敏特性[23],易受光纤散射点的温度影响,通过安装在激光器同侧的探测器进行探测和获取拉曼后向散射光,结合光时域反射定位算法[24]及光强温度解调算法[25],实现对光纤沿直线方向的分布式测温。图2为在分布式光纤中的光散射现象示意图。
1.2 分布式光纤两相介质界面监测原理
分布式光纤测温装置(distributed temperature sensing,DTS)采集并保存造腔井内垂直方向的温度-距离曲线,为达到对盐穴储气库造腔井进行局部加热的要求,在特种铠装光缆外铠内放入带有电阻的电缆用于加热[26]。当电缆通电时,消耗的电能会在电缆上转换为热能[27],进而使铠装光缆周围环境局部升温。在复合光缆进行主动加热的过程中,由于不同介质(如柴油和卤水,氮气和卤水)具有不同的比热容,导致其升温和降温速率存在显著差异,表现出不同的温敏特性[28],理想状态下(只考虑三者比热容的差异,且均未到达沸点及燃点)差异如图3所示。这种差异性导致在气-油-水等交叉界面的位置发生突变,形成明显的温度阶梯。
2 造腔井两相介质界面光纤监测算法
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2.1 两相介质界面监测算法
根据图3不同介质的温敏特性,在相同加热条件下,不同介质区的升温不同,两相介质分界面处的温差悬殊,变化率剧烈。因此本文研究提出一种基于温差变化率的两相介质界面监测算法,主要包括初步定位和精确定位两个核心步骤。
2.1.1 介质界面初步定位
鉴于井下复杂环境存在多种潜在干扰,为确保在进行噪声滤除的基础上保留两相介质界面的温度阶梯,首先采用卡尔曼滤波算法[29]对原始温度曲线进行处理得到卡尔曼滤波曲线。考虑到井下整体温度受地温梯度影响会随着深度增加而升高的特性,利用局部加权回归算法[30]拟合温度曲线的趋势得到趋势拟合曲线;最后,使用卡尔曼滤波曲线与其对应的趋势拟合曲线进行差分运算得到差值曲线,由于前端数据包含大量杂波,并且在初步定位过程中意义不大,舍弃前100 m差值数据并结合式(1)迭代循环识别出温度差值的显著突变点,其中Xkalmax(i)为卡尔曼滤波曲线的第i个温度值,Xlocal(i)为趋势拟合曲线的第i个温度值,diffmax为差值曲线最大值。从diffmax沿温差曲线向后找到差值曲线首个过零点,该过零点的横坐标选定为初步定位点,选取其前20 m、后20 m范围内数据作为初定位区域以进行精确定位。图4为初定位曲线示意图,紫色曲线为迭代循环得到的差值最大值曲线,为便于观察将差值曲线上移30 ℃处理。
d i f f m a x = m a x [ X k a l m a n ( i ) - X l o c a l ( i ) ]
2.1.2 介质界面精确定位
在精确定位阶段,为提高原始温度曲线的信噪比,对比卡尔曼滤波算法及卷积平滑滤波算法(Savitzky-Golay)[31]在两相介质界面位置处的跟随效果,使用低阶卷积平滑滤波算法对初步定位区域内的原始数据进行平滑处理能更好地保留阶梯特征,如图5所示。
对卷积平滑滤波曲线进行多次不同间隔点的变化率求解,并将求得的多组变化率进行加权求和,对比不同N值对算法定位精度的影响,取加权表达式N值为10。然后仅对初步定位区域内的变化率加权曲线进行分析,循环迭代找到局部变化率极小值点,其横坐标便是两相介质界面的精确定位。如图6所示。
在上述求解局部变化率的过程中,若利用固定间隔来计算变化率,会使变化率曲线受到杂波的显著影响,降低算法定位精度。为准确求解特定点的局部变化率,提出一种变化率加权求和算法,通过设定多组不同间隔,对曲线上特定点的变化率进行计算,并将不同组的变化率进行加权求和。加权规则为:若进行2N组变化率计算,则N处权重最大,两侧权重依次减少,加权表达式为
y i = ∑ j = 1 2 N w j x i + j - x i - j 2
式(2)中:yi为第i个点处的变化率加权求和值;wj为第j组变化率权重。
权重计算公式为
w j = 2 | N - j | + 1 , 　 j ≤ N 1 | N - j | + 1 , 　 j > N
综合2.1.1节与2.2.2节描述,图7为本文算法的流程框图。
2.2 与传统测井法对比
传统测井方法包括3个主要步骤。首先,测量井内的初始温度曲线;然后对光纤进行加热处理,并采集经加热后的井内温度曲线数据;最后,对这两组数据进行差分处理,进而确定介质界面的位置。本研究提出的算法仅需要对加热后的温度曲线数据进行分析处理,从而简化操作流程,无需施工人员手动标定界面位置;并且通过多种滤波算法及对变化率进行加权计算的方式,提高介质界面定位精度。
3 现场测试
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为了验证设计的有效性和准确性,将测试结果与传统的中子寿命测井法进行对比,检验装置的精确度。
3.1 实际测试结果分析处理
为提高测温精度,在温度定标阶段,选取了一根长度为100 m的光纤作为定标光纤,置于DTS设备内进行定标,因此在数据显示时,前100 m数据被舍弃并不作显示,仅对截取后的温度-距离曲线进行处理。
分析实验数据,在位于地表的0~20 m范围内,由于光纤处于地表,受环境影响所测温度约为30 ℃;在20~100 m的范围内,由于光纤与铠装外壳接触不充分,因此数据中含有较多噪声。在100~1 000 m的深度范围内,该深度范围内的地下环境受地热的影响,整体温度随深度增加而升高,导致该段温度曲线呈现上升趋势。在距离1 000 m之后的区域,随着周围环境的从柴油向卤水的转变,观测到温度呈现出明显的阶梯状变化。
两相介质界面定位算法的过程曲线如图8所示,横坐标表示传感光纤长度,纵坐标表示相应位置的温度,其中黄色曲线为分布式光纤测温系统采集到的原始温度曲线,绿色曲线为原始温度曲线经过卷积平滑滤波得到的曲线,紫色曲线为变化率加权求和曲线。在精确定位过程中,仅对初步定位标定区域内的变化率加权曲线进行分析,找到其最小的极值点,该点位置便是温度变化最大的位置,即介质界面精确定位点,深度分别为1 026.4 m及1 026.2 m。
3.2 测试精度检验
通过与相关测试部门使用中子测井法进行某造腔井两相介质界面校验的机会,使用本光纤界面算法对两相介质界面进行定位分析,进一步验证装
置的测试精度,对比结果如表1所示。根据表1可知,本文装置与中子测井法在测得的两相介质界面位置上的绝对差值在0.3 m以内。
4 结论
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为提高造腔井两相介质界面的定位精度并降低操作难度,提出了一种新型高精度的造腔井两相介质界面监测算法,得到如下结论。
(1)对工程数据进行测试分析得:在拟合温度趋势方面,局部加权回归算法优于卡尔曼滤波算法及卷积平滑滤波算法;在温度阶梯处的跟随效果方面,低阶卷积平滑滤波算法优于卡尔曼滤波算法及局部加权回归算法。
(2)提出了一种变化率加权求和算法,通过对不同间隔变化率进行加权求和处理,可以准确求解特定点的局部变化率,增加介质界面定位精度。
(3)相较于传统光纤测井方法,本文算法在提高精度的前提下还具有简化操作流程的优势,仅需对加热后的温度数据进行处理即可,并且无需手动标定。
(4)对本文算法进行了实际工程测试,结果显示,在以现场中子测井法定位点为参考点的情况下,定位点误差控制在了0.3 m范围内。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金(42377178)
  • 武汉知识创新专项项目(2023010201010078)
文献
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403697
  • 接收时间：2024-05-18
  • 首发时间：2025-07-09
  • 出版时间：2025-04-08
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  • 收稿日期：2024-05-18
  • 修回日期：2025-01-10
基金
国家自然科学基金(42377178)
武汉知识创新专项项目(2023010201010078)
作者信息
    1 长江大学电子信息与电气工程学院, 荆州 434000
    2 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室, 武汉 430071

通讯作者:

* 郑恭明(1980—),男,汉族,重庆人,博士,副教授。研究方向:人工智能、物联网技术。E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
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红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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