Article(id=1149780466984776515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149780466032669506, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403937, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1716739200000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-27, revisedDate=1736956800000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752058625217, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1744041600000, pubDateStr=2025-04-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752058625217, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752058625217, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752058625217, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149780466032669506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='10', pageStart='3969', pageEnd='4395', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752058624990, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456644259, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218558743898411553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149780466032669506, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218558743898411554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149780466032669506, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4136, endPage=4144, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149780467169325893, articleId=1149780466984776515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=A Novel Torque Sharing Function Control Strategy for Reducing Torque Ripple in Switched Reluctance Motors, columnId=1156262733675876713, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Electrical Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Due to the special double salient pole structure of switched reluctance motor, there will be large Torque ripple during operation. In order to reduce the peak current and torque ripple during phase commutation, a novel TSF (torque sharing function) control method is proposed. Firstly, considering the relation between torque and inductance, the exchange was divided into two subintervals by inductance boundary points, and different TSF curves were designed in different intervals. Secondly, with the increase of motor speed and load, the fixed overlap Angle will reduce the efficiency of the motor, and an online overlap Angle optimization control strategy was proposed. Finally, the simulation and experimental results show that compared with the traditional cubic torque distribution function, the torque ripple and current peak value of the proposed method are reduced by 3.6%, 12%, and 1.1 A, 3.2 A respectively at a load of 5 N·m and a speed of 500 r/min and 1 000 r/min respectively. The proposed method can effectively reduce torque ripple and current peak value.

, correspAuthors=Chao-zhi HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Chao-zhi HUANG, Yong XIAO, Ren-quan XIAO, Cheng-yi GONG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149780516070715606, articleId=1149780466984776515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=一种降低开关磁阻电机转矩脉动的新型转矩分配函数控制策略, columnId=1156262734506353627, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·电工技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

由于开关磁阻电机特殊的双凸极结构,导致其在运行过程中会存在较大的转矩脉动,为降低换相期间的峰值电流和转矩脉动,提出了一种新型转矩分配函数(torque sharing function, TSF)控制方法。首先,考虑转矩与电感之间的关系,以电感边界点将交换区分为两个子区间,并在不同的区间设计了不同的TSF曲线。其次,随着电机的转速和负载增加,固定的重叠角会降低电机的效率,提出了一种在线重叠角优化控制策略。最后,通过仿真和实验结果表明,与传统立方型转矩分配函数相比,在负载为5 N·m,转速分别为500 r/min、1 000 r/min下,本文方法的转矩脉动和电流峰值分别降低了3.6%、12%和1.1 A、3.2 A。所提方法能够有效地减小转矩脉动和电流峰值。

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黄朝志(1978—),男,汉族,江西赣州人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:电机结构设计与驱动控制。E-mail:

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黄朝志(1978—),男,汉族,江西赣州人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:电机结构设计与驱动控制。E-mail:

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黄朝志(1978—),男,汉族,江西赣州人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:电机结构设计与驱动控制。E-mail:

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Progress in Electromagnetics Research C, 2023, 133: 233-249., articleTitle=A control method of switched reluctance motor based on non-unity TSF and adaptive overlapping angle, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1218525113088132002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780466984776515, awardId=52167005, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52167005), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1218525113222349739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780466984776515, awardId=20232BAB204063, language=CN, fundingSource=江西省自然科学基金(20232BAB204063), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1218525104984735851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780466984776515, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218525104997318764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780466984776515, companyId=1218525104984735851, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218525105005707372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780466984776515, companyId=1218525104984735851, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=江西理工大学电气工程与自动化学院, 赣州 341000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1218525108671529514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780466984776515, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=The SRM planar structure and the three operating states of the power converter, figureFileSmall=U86Lb2sfDh1ifSxMEWD3Aw==, figureFileBig=gCejYWRuv7RcghVjG+DO4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218525108814135864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780466984776515, language=CN, label=图1, caption=SRM平面结构及功率变换器3种工作状态

S1S2为IGBT;D1D2为续流二极管

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iaibic分别为a相、b相、c相电流;TaTbTc分别为a相、b相、c相转矩

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iaibic分别为a相、b相、c相电流;TaTbTc分别为a相、b相、c相转矩

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iaibic分别为a相、b相、c相电流;TaTbTc分别为a相、b相、c相转矩

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SRM prototype parameters

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参数 数值
相数 3
转子外径/mm 172
定子外径/mm 142
转子极数 20
气隙长度/mm 0.6
转子弧角/(°) 6
定子弧角/(°) 5
直流母线电压/V 540
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SRM样机参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
相数 3
转子外径/mm 172
定子外径/mm 142
转子极数 20
气隙长度/mm 0.6
转子弧角/(°) 6
定子弧角/(°) 5
直流母线电压/V 540
), ArticleFig(id=1218525112740004744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780466984776515, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Performance comparison

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方法 转速/
(r·min-1)
负载/(N·m) Tr/% Imax/A Iev/A
立方型TSF 3 13.67 10.1 6.48
新型TSF 500 13 9.5 6.06
立方型TSF 5 10.4 13.2 8.35
新型TSF 9 12.22 7.92
立方型TSF 3 22 10.4 6.1
新型TSF 1 000 14 9.38 6.01
立方型TSF 5 27 13.8 7.64
新型TSF 12.6 12.91 7.47
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性能对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方法 转速/
(r·min-1)
负载/(N·m) Tr/% Imax/A Iev/A
立方型TSF 3 13.67 10.1 6.48
新型TSF 500 13 9.5 6.06
立方型TSF 5 10.4 13.2 8.35
新型TSF 9 12.22 7.92
立方型TSF 3 22 10.4 6.1
新型TSF 1 000 14 9.38 6.01
立方型TSF 5 27 13.8 7.64
新型TSF 12.6 12.91 7.47
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一种降低开关磁阻电机转矩脉动的新型转矩分配函数控制策略
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黄朝志 , 肖勇 , 肖任全 , 龚成懿
科学技术与工程 | 论文·电工技术 2025,25(10): 4136-4144
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·电工技术 2025, 25(10): 4136-4144
一种降低开关磁阻电机转矩脉动的新型转矩分配函数控制策略
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黄朝志 , 肖勇, 肖任全, 龚成懿
作者信息
  • 江西理工大学电气工程与自动化学院, 赣州 341000
  • 黄朝志(1978—),男,汉族,江西赣州人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:电机结构设计与驱动控制。E-mail:

A Novel Torque Sharing Function Control Strategy for Reducing Torque Ripple in Switched Reluctance Motors
Chao-zhi HUANG , Yong XIAO, Ren-quan XIAO, Cheng-yi GONG
Affiliations
  • School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
出版时间: 2025-04-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403937
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由于开关磁阻电机特殊的双凸极结构,导致其在运行过程中会存在较大的转矩脉动,为降低换相期间的峰值电流和转矩脉动,提出了一种新型转矩分配函数(torque sharing function, TSF)控制方法。首先,考虑转矩与电感之间的关系,以电感边界点将交换区分为两个子区间,并在不同的区间设计了不同的TSF曲线。其次,随着电机的转速和负载增加,固定的重叠角会降低电机的效率,提出了一种在线重叠角优化控制策略。最后,通过仿真和实验结果表明,与传统立方型转矩分配函数相比,在负载为5 N·m,转速分别为500 r/min、1 000 r/min下,本文方法的转矩脉动和电流峰值分别降低了3.6%、12%和1.1 A、3.2 A。所提方法能够有效地减小转矩脉动和电流峰值。

开关磁阻电机  /  转矩分配函数  /  转矩脉动抑制  /  峰值电流  /  区间分段  /  重叠角优化

Due to the special double salient pole structure of switched reluctance motor, there will be large Torque ripple during operation. In order to reduce the peak current and torque ripple during phase commutation, a novel TSF (torque sharing function) control method is proposed. Firstly, considering the relation between torque and inductance, the exchange was divided into two subintervals by inductance boundary points, and different TSF curves were designed in different intervals. Secondly, with the increase of motor speed and load, the fixed overlap Angle will reduce the efficiency of the motor, and an online overlap Angle optimization control strategy was proposed. Finally, the simulation and experimental results show that compared with the traditional cubic torque distribution function, the torque ripple and current peak value of the proposed method are reduced by 3.6%, 12%, and 1.1 A, 3.2 A respectively at a load of 5 N·m and a speed of 500 r/min and 1 000 r/min respectively. The proposed method can effectively reduce torque ripple and current peak value.

switched reluctance motor  /  torque sharing function  /  torque ripple suppression  /  peak current  /  interval segmentation  /  overlap angle optimization
黄朝志, 肖勇, 肖任全, 龚成懿. 一种降低开关磁阻电机转矩脉动的新型转矩分配函数控制策略. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (10) : 4136 -4144 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403937
Chao-zhi HUANG, Yong XIAO, Ren-quan XIAO, Cheng-yi GONG. A Novel Torque Sharing Function Control Strategy for Reducing Torque Ripple in Switched Reluctance Motors[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (10) : 4136 -4144 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403937
开关磁阻电机(switched reluctance motors,SRM)作为近些年发展起来的一种新型电机,其具有结构简单、制造成本低、调速范围大、容错性高等优点,在电动汽车、工业制造等领域具有很高的应用前景[1-4]。然而由于SRM独特的双凸极结构以及单脉冲切换方式,导致在运转时会产生较大的转矩脉,限制了其在电动汽车领域的进一步应用[5-6]。针对此问题,中外学者致力于抑制SRM的转矩脉动研究中,并取得了很大的进展。
近年来,针对抑制SRM的转矩脉动的研究主要有两方面,一是优化SRM本体结构,如改变定子结构、在定子中嵌入永磁体等操作[7-8];另一方面是优化控制策略以抑制SRM的转矩脉动。目前,主要的控制方法有直接转矩控制(direct torque control,DTC)[9-10]、直接瞬时转矩控制(direct instantaneous torque control,DITC)[11-12]、模型预测控制[13]、智能控制[14]和转矩分配函数控制(torque sharing function control,TSF)等。其中TSF控制被认为是抑制SRM转矩脉动更为有效的方法。常见的TSF有直线型、指数型、正弦型和立方型。目前,针对换相区间的转矩脉动问题,一般将交换区细分为多个子区间,并设计不同区间的TSF曲线。文献[15]以转矩电流比为分界点将换相区分为两个区间,并在这两个区间内对相邻两相参考转矩补偿,但换相结束后存在较大的负转矩。文献[16]针对相转矩跟踪不足和存在较大负转矩问题,提出一种新型TSF曲线,在换相区间分配合适的参考转矩,有效地抑制了负转矩。文献[17]以前后两相转矩相同点作为两个子区间的分离点,在不同区间利用各相转矩跟踪能力,有效地减小了转矩脉动。文献[18]利用正弦曲线对直线型TSF曲线进行补偿优化,但优化后的TSF曲线与传统正弦型TSF曲线效果相近。
虽然通过优化TSF曲线能抑制转矩脉动和负转矩,但在运行过程中SRM的角度参数为固定值,随着速度和负载增加,在换相结束阶段仍会存在负转矩,从而降低电机效率。因此,对优化角度参数实现降低转矩脉动是另一种策略。文献[19]中利用改进的coyote算法对TSF三个换相角进行在线调整,但是该算法增加了运行时间。文献[20]根据实际转矩与参考转矩之间的误差设计了一种实时调整的重叠角控制器。文献[21]根据参考转矩和转速,通过离线方法对重叠角优化,但是需要大量的测试数据。文献[22]利用转子位置与磁链值预测下一电周期的参考转矩,进而对重叠角实时调整。
基于前文研究工作,现提出一种降低SRM转矩脉动的新型TSF控制方法。根据SRM的电感特性,将交换区分为两个子区间,并设计各区间的TSF曲线;通过分析不同的重叠角会影响电机的效率,设计一种在线优化重叠角策略;以仿真和实验对所提方法进行有效性验证。
本文研究选用一台三相(定子6极/转子20极)SRM为研究对象,SRM驱动系统主要由开关磁阻电机、功率变换器、控制器、位置检测器和电流检测器组成,其中功率变换器选用的是不对称半桥功率变换器,SRM平面结构及功率变换器3种工作状态示意图,如图1所示。
由于SRM的定子极和转子极均为凸极结构,其第k相磁链Ψk(ik,θ)、相电感Lk(ik,θ)和输出转矩T(ik,θ)与相电流ik和转子位置θ都呈现出高度的非线性关系,要建立精准的数学模型较为困难。为了体现SRM复杂的电磁关系,忽略其相间耦合作用,电机第k相的电压Uk
Uk=Rik+ d ψ k ( i k , θ ) d t
Uk=Rik+Lk(ik,θ) d i k d t
ε= d L k ( i k , θ ) d θikω
式中:Rεω分别为定子电阻、感应电动势和转子转速。
SRM的力学方程为
Te-Tl=+j d ω d t
式(4)中:TeTlBj分别为电磁转矩、负载转矩、摩擦系数和转动惯量,其中电磁转矩可以通过计算各相转矩(Tk)之和得到。
$T_{k}=\left.\frac{\partial W_{\mathrm{e}}\left(i_{k}, \theta\right)}{\partial \theta}\right|_{i_{k}=\text { 常数 }}=\frac{1}{2} i_{k}^{2} \frac{\partial L_{k}\left(i_{k}, \theta\right)}{\partial \theta} $
式(5)中:We(ik,θ)为每相绕组的磁共能。
由式(5)可以看出,转矩与相电流和电感对转子位置变化率都密切相关。
由于SRM的非线性特性,利用有限元分析得到三相SRM电感特性曲线如图2所示。
传统TSF控制策略框图如图3所示。首先,比例积分(proportional integral, PI)控制器对参考转速ωref及实际转速ω之差进行处理得到参考转矩Tref,TSF控制模块根据转子实时位置对各相分配所设定的相参考转矩值Tkref,滞环控制模块对相绕组参考转矩Tkref与相绕组实际转矩Tk之间的差值进行处理得到相应的开关信号传输至功率变换器中,从而对SRM输出转矩进行调节。
TSF的设计应该保证转子处于任意角度时,SRM的合成转矩应保持恒定值,TSF的通式为
T k ( θ ) = T r e f f k ( θ ) , k = 1,2 , ··· , m k = 1 m f k ( θ ) = 1 , 0 f k ( θ ) 1
式(6)中:m为SRM的相数;Tref为总参考转矩;Tk为相参考转矩;fk(θ)为第k相的TSF值。
各相分配的参考转矩与位置的关系为
Tref(k)= 0 , 0 θ < θ o n T r e f f r i s e ( θ ) , θ o n θ < θ o n + θ o v T r e f , θ o n + θ o v θ < θ o f f T r e f f f a l l ( θ ) , θ o f f θ < θ o f f + θ o v 0 , θ o f f + θ o v θ τ r
式(7)中:frise(θ)为换相时刻励磁相的TSF;ffall(θ)为换相时刻退磁相的TSF;θonθoffθovτr分别为开通角、关断角、重叠角和转子极距。
传统的TSF控制策略中θonθoffθov的角度值都是固定不变的,这使得SRM无论运行在哪种工况下都是使用的固定的角度值。
为保证电机在任何工况下都能平稳运行,其实际转矩应保持恒定值,TSF的设计应满足:单相的输出转矩都必须为正值;不论SRM运行在何时刻,仅有一相绕组励磁或相邻两相绕组同时励磁。此外,为保证在任意时刻,实际转矩对参考转矩有较好的跟踪性能,在换相阶段TSF的变化率不能过大。如图4所示为立方型TSF曲线图,图4中TpE(two-phase exchange region)为两相交换区,该区域输出转矩由两相同时提供;SpC(single-phase conduction region)为单相导通区,此时输出转矩仅由励磁相单独提供。
在传统的TSF控制策略中,SRM的合成转矩由励磁相产生的转矩和退磁相产生的转矩构成,SRM的转矩脉动主要产生于两相交换区中:在换相开始阶段,励磁相绕组电感变化率较低,根据式(5)可知,励磁相产生转矩的能力也很低,导致实际转矩与参考转矩误差较大,造成转矩脉动;在换相结束后,退磁相绕组电感开始减小,此时电感变化率为负,若在该时刻退磁相电流未及时降为0,则会产生较大的负转矩,造成电机的效率降低。
针对上述两种情况,本文研究提出一种新型TSF,基于区间分段新型TSF示意图如图5所示。以相邻两相转矩产生能力不同将SRM的TpE分为两个区间,θmθn为两个区间的分界点。在Ⅰ区间中,k相、k+1相转矩产生能力相较于第k-1相、第k相较弱,对k相、k+1相分配较少的转矩,同时在换相初始阶段,由于k相、k+1相电感变化率较低,对其分配较多的转矩,因此可以在抑制转矩脉动的同时降低换相初始阶段的电流峰值,从而提高电机的工作效率。以k-1相、k相绕组为例,在Ⅰ区间中上升沿和下降沿TSF表示为
f r i s e 1 = 1 2 + k 1 q 1 ( θ - θ o n - θ m ) θ o v + θ - θ o n - θ m f f a l l 1 = 1 2 - k 1 q 1 ( θ - θ o n - θ m ) θ o v + θ - θ o n - θ m
式(8)中:k1q1为函数参数,且q1可由k1的值求得,可以通过改变k1q1的值从而改变在Ⅰ区间内分配的转矩值。
为避免在换相结束后存在拖尾电流产生负转矩而影响电机的工作效率,在Ⅱ区间中,需要k-1相、k相电流迅速减小到0,对其进行退磁控制。此时k相、k+1相转矩产生能力要强于k-1相、k相转矩产生能力,因此对k相、k+1相分配较多转矩。在此区间中,充分利用了后一相转矩跟踪能力强的特点,同时避免了前一相电流未及时降为0而产生的负转矩,降低了转矩脉动。以k相、k+1绕组为例,在Ⅱ区间中上升沿和下降沿TSF表示为
f r i s e 2 = 1 2 + k 2 q 2 ( θ - θ o f f - θ n ) θ o v + θ - θ o f f - θ n f f a l l 2 = 1 2 - k 2 q 2 ( θ - θ o f f - θ n ) θ o v + θ - θ o f f - θ n
式(9)中:k2q2为Ⅱ区间中函数参数,q2可由k2求得,并且可以通过改变k2q2从而改变Ⅱ区间中分配的转矩值,从而实现抑制转矩脉动的目的。
通过采用本节中所提出的新型TSF控制方法,在TpE有效地抑制转矩脉动。在Ⅰ区间中,利用前一相转矩跟踪能力强的特点,对前一相分配更多的转矩值,以弥补后一相在换相初始阶段较大的转矩跟踪误差。在Ⅱ区间中,利用后一相转矩产生能力强的特点,对后一相分配更多转矩值,同时对前一相分配较少转矩值以保证相绕组及时关断。
针对SRM运行时存在负转矩的问题,本节提出了一种在线重叠角优化的TSF控制策略,以抑制换相结束后的负转矩。
在传统的TSF控制策略中,重叠角作为重要的参数,其值通常是恒定的,导致电机运行时转矩脉动过大。图6所示为电机在转速为1 000 r/min、负载为5 N·m时不同重叠角下转矩对比图,当重叠角过小时,励磁相需在短时间内快速达到参考转矩,相转矩对参考转矩跟踪能力不足,造成较大的转矩脉动;当重叠角过大时,在换相结束后仍存在较大的剩余电流,从而产生负转矩,导致效率降低。因此,对重叠角进行优化可以提高电机在高速时运行的性能。
本文中提出的基于重叠角优化的TSF控制策略。传统的TSF控制策略中,各角度参数关系应满足如式(10)所示,由式(11)计算得τr为6°,考虑θon为0°,θoff为9°情况下,可得最大重叠角为3°。在理想情况下,各相转矩应在9°位置时降为0且无负转矩产生,但由于相转矩跟踪能力的不足以及电机角度参数的改变,会导致相绕组在换相结束后仍有负转矩存在。因此定义换相刚结束时刻位置附近为θ1
θoff=θon+θov+τr
τr= 360 m N r
式中:Nr为转子极数。
图7所示为在线重叠角优化以减小负转矩的流程图。首先,对SRM设置转速ω、边界点θ1,以及定义一个重叠角的最小值θov(min)。在第一个电周期内将重叠角参数取为重叠角最大值θov(max)。
为避免励磁相产生负转矩,在每个电周期对θ1位置处的转矩值T1进行采样,根据采样结果与设定转矩值进行对比。若采样得到的转矩值T1为零,则说明励磁相转矩在9°附近位置处已降为零,充分利用了正转矩产生能力,且在换相结束后没有负转矩产生,符合本文研究对抑制负转矩的要求。这种情况则不需要对重叠角进行调整,将保持相同的角度值在下一个电周期运行,直到产生负转矩,再对开重叠角进行调整。
θ1位置处采样的转矩值T1不为零,θ1位置为换相刚结束时刻,此后为负转矩区域,则说明该电周期内产生了负转矩。则需要对重叠角进行调整,以抑制负转矩的产生。在电机高速运转时,为使相转矩在指定区域内及时降为零且不再产生负转矩,对重叠角进行调整,如式(12)并运用于下一个电周期。由于电机在高速运行时需要更快的退磁速度以避免产生负转矩,因此,定义对重叠角调整的角度值与电机转速成比例关系。
θ o v n + 1= θ o v n-ξω
式(12)中: θ o v n + 1为下一个电周期中重叠角的值; θ n o v为当前电周期中重叠角的值;ξ为比例系数。
然而对于重叠角的调整也并非一直减小,过小的重叠角会导致转矩脉动增大,因此设定重叠角的最小值θov(min)。将进行调整后的重叠角值与所设定的最小重叠角作对比,若经调整后的重叠角处于最小值θov(min)与最大值θov(max)之间,则保持调整后的重叠角,并应用在下一个电周期。若经过调整后的重叠角小于所设定的最小重叠角值,则将 θ o v n + 1取为重叠角的最小值运用于下一个电周期。
为了验证本文所提出的在线调节重叠角的新型TSF策略控制的可行性,以一台三相6/20SRM作为被控对象,在MATLAB/Simulink中分别建立了传统立方型TSF和本文所提出的控制策略仿真模型。其中,所提方法控制框图如图8所示。电机参数如表1所示。两种控制方式分别在负载3、 5 N·m以及转速为500、1 000 r/min工况下进行仿真对比。
为更好地对比传统立方型TSF和本文所提出控制方法减小转矩脉动和降低铜损耗的效果。定义转矩脉动系数为
Tr= T m a x - T m i n T a v×100%
式(13)中:Tr为转矩脉动系数;Tmax为转矩最大值;Tmin为转矩最小值;Tav为平均转矩。
由于SRM的铜耗与电机电流有效值成正比,电流峰值过大也会造成电机的铜耗增大。以电机的电流有效值来表征电机的铜耗,相绕组电流的有效值的计算式为
Iev= 1 θ o f f - θ o n o f f o n I 2 d θ
式(14)中:Iev为相绕组电流有效值;I为相绕组电流瞬时值。
图9图10所示分别为电机运行在3 N·m工况下的仿真波形,其中包括相电流、相转矩和总转矩仿真波形图。首先,当电机转速为500r/min时,两种控制方式如图9所示。从图9可以看出,传统立方型TSF在换相初期有着较大的峰值电流(10.1 A),而本文所提出的TSF在换相初期对励磁相分配较少转矩,因此有着更小的峰值电流(9.5 A),且相较于传统立方型TSF,转矩脉动经计算得从13.67%降为13%。
当转速为1 000 r/min时,传统立方型TSF和本文所提出TSF仿真波形如图10所示。传统立方型TSF在TpE·Ⅰ区域的峰值电流增至10.4 A,由于传统控制策略中重叠角为固定值,随着转速的提高,转矩脉动会明显增大。而本文所提出TSF控制策略,对相邻两相在不同区间根据转矩产生能力分配合适的参考转矩,以避免励磁相产生较大的电流峰值,换相初期的电流峰值降为9.41 A。根据电机换相结束阶段对转矩在单个电周期内进行采样,从而对重叠角进行在线调整。与图10(a)对比可知,本文方法的转矩脉动明显降低,转矩脉动由22%降为14%。
图11为电机转速为500 r/min,负载增加为5 N·m时的仿真波形,随着负载的增加,传统立方型TSF在换相初始阶段会需要提供更大的电流以达到参考转矩,导致峰值电流增加为13.2 A。在所提出的TSF控制策略中,在交换Ⅰ区,将较多的参考转矩分配给退磁相中,而总参考转矩保持恒定,因此励磁相分配的参考转矩更小,相较于传统立方型TSF产生更小的峰值电流12.22 A。经计算得转矩脉动由10.4%降为9%。
当保持负载为5 N·m,转速增加到1 000 r/min时,随着转速的增加会导致SRM在运行中产生更大的转矩脉动。如图12(a)所示,当电机转速增加后,经过计算可得传统立方型TSF转矩脉动为27%,相绕组的峰值电流为13.8 A。图12(b)为本文所提出TSF控制仿真波形图,通过在SRM在中高速运行时对重叠角在线优化以减小负转矩,从而抑制转矩脉动。通过对重叠角进行在线优化后转矩脉动降为12.6%,相绕组单相峰值电流降为13.1 A。因此本文所提出TSF控制策略相对于传统立方型TSF控制策略,在不同的工况下仍具有较低的转矩脉动和峰值电流。
表2给出了传统立方型TSF和本文方法之间的性能对比。由表2可知,在负载为3 N·m时,两种控制策略的转矩脉动都较小,但峰值电流最多可减少1.02 A,相电流有效值最多可减小0.42 A。当负载增大至5N·m时,本文提出的新型TSF控制策略相对传统立方型控制策略转矩脉动最多可减小14.4%,峰值电流最多可减小0.98 A,相电流有效值最多可减小0.43 A,验证了本文所提控制策略的有效性。
为进一步验证本文所提控制方法的正确性,搭建了如图13所示的SRM控制系统实验平台,实验平台选用型号为TMS320F28335的DSP控制板,通过上位机与示波器对电机实验数据进行记录。
图14图15分别为转速为500 r/min、1 000 r/min,负载为5 N·m工况下两种控制策略转矩与电流实验结果对比。
转速为500 r/min时,如图14(a)图14(b)所示,传统立方型TSF控制策略电流峰值为13.8 A,转矩波动在4.64~5.34 N·m,转矩脉动为14%。在所提出的TSF控制策略中,在TpE·Ⅰ区域保持总参考转矩恒定的情况下,对励磁相分配较少的转矩,从而减小了该区域励磁相达到参考转矩所需的电流,如图14(c)图14(d)所示,电流峰值降为12.7 A,转矩波动在4.72~5.24 N·m,转矩脉动减小为10.4%。
随着转速提高至1 000 r/min时,如图15(a)图15(b)所示,传统立方型TSF控制策略电流峰值为15.8 A,转矩波动在4.13~5.53 N·m,转矩脉动为28%。在提出的新型TSF控制策略中,在TpE·Ⅰ区域改变相邻两相分配的参考转矩的同时,对重叠角进行在线优化以抑制负转矩从而减小转矩脉动,如图15(c)图15(d)所示,电流峰值降低为12.6 A,转矩波动在4.5~5.3 N·m,转矩脉动减小为16%。
由于实验平台控制板滞环程序误差计算时间的影响,导致电机转矩信号存在采样延时情况,在相同工况下,实验结果略大于仿真结果。忽略实验与仿真的误差,分析实验结果表明,相对于传统立方型TSF控制策略,所提出的TSF控制策略对抑制转矩脉动和降低相电流峰值电流有着更好的效果。
为减小开关磁阻电机转矩脉动与相绕组峰值电流,提出了一种降低开关磁阻电机转矩脉动的新型TSF控制方法。相较于传统TSF控制策略,本文研究以电感边界点为分界点将两相交换区分为两个区间,设计了新型TSF曲线,在换相初始阶段分配更多转矩至退磁相,降低了励磁相绕组的电流峰值和相绕组电流的有效值,从而减小了电机运行时的铜耗。针对SRM运行时产生的负转矩,对换相结束区域对相转矩进行检测,寻找最优重叠角运用至下一个电周期,抑制了负转矩的产生,进而降低了转矩脉动,提高了电机的运行效率。仿真和实验结果表明,与传统立方型TSF控制策略相比,所提控制策略不仅能有效抑制电机的转矩脉动,同时降低了铜耗,提高了电机的效率。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52167005)
  • 江西省自然科学基金(20232BAB204063)
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2025年第25卷第10期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403937
  • 接收时间:2024-05-27
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-04-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-27
  • 修回日期:2025-01-16
基金
国家自然科学基金(52167005)
江西省自然科学基金(20232BAB204063)
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    江西理工大学电气工程与自动化学院, 赣州 341000
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