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Article(id=1149780466775061314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149780466032669506, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402732, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1713110400000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-15, revisedDate=1735488000000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752058625165, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1744041600000, pubDateStr=2025-04-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752058625165, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752058625165, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752058625165, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149780466032669506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='10', pageStart='3969', pageEnd='4395', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752058624990, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456644259, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218558743898411553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149780466032669506, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218558743898411554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149780466032669506, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4006, endPage=4016, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149780467030913860, articleId=1149780466775061314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Application of ASTER Remote Sensing Data in Uranium Exploration in Vegetation Covered Areas: A Case Study of Mouding Area, Yunnan Province, columnId=1156262729351549255, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Astronomy and Geosciences, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to apply remote sensing technology to uranium exploration in the Mouding area of Yunnan Province, based on ASTER (advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer) remote sensing data, the interference removal and PCA (principal component analysis) method was used to extract the Al-OH, Mg-OH, CO 3 2 - and iron-stained alteration information in the study area. The lineaments in the study area were automatically extracted by PCA and LINE model in PCI Geomatica software, and the density map of lineaments was created. Finally, combined with geological data, the relationship between uranium mineralization and alteration and linear structures in the study area was analyzed, and a favorable mineralization area was delineated. This study can provide some ideas for subsequent exploration in the area, and also provide some reference for remote sensing technology in mineral exploration in vegetation-covered areas.

, correspAuthors=Si-li WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yuan-tao ZHANG, Jian YAO, Si-li WANG, Bo WANG, Zhi-guo CHEN, Zhong-hai YAN, Wei PAN, Hong TIAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149780499499020533, articleId=1149780466775061314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=ASTER遥感数据在植被覆盖区铀矿勘查中的应用: 以云南省牟定地区为例, columnId=1156262730077163858, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·天文学、地球科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为将遥感技术用于云南省牟定地区铀矿勘查,基于先进星载热发射和反射辐射仪(advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer,ASTER)遥感数据通过干扰去除+主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)方法,提取了研究区Al-OH、Mg-OH、 CO 3 2 -及铁染类蚀变信息;通过PCA及PCI Geomatica软件中的LINE模型自动提取了研究区线性构造,并绘制了线性构造密度图。最后结合地质资料,分析了研究区铀成矿与蚀变及线性构造的关系,并圈定一处成矿有利区。该研究可为该区后续勘查提供一定思路,同时也可为遥感技术在植被覆盖区矿产勘查提供一定参考。

, correspAuthors=王四利, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 王四利(1978—),男,汉族,四川松潘人,高级工程师。研究方向:铀矿勘查与评价。E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Pt6sKytx3KTeTDnEx85Pmw==, magXml=E3cpcn/ZTX94e45XJ3NJcA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=L6NYESjxeTki41sLip5PAw==, pdfFileSize=29170149, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=6NwzG4yaegczCTkYKflgCg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=spmYo8LzLr3+nKHYf1VwjA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

张元涛(1991—),男,汉族,四川成都人,博士,工程师。研究方向:遥感地质。E-mail:。

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张元涛(1991—),男,汉族,四川成都人,博士,工程师。研究方向:遥感地质。E-mail:。

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张元涛(1991—),男,汉族,四川成都人,博士,工程师。研究方向:遥感地质。E-mail:。

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1为第四系;2为始新统赵家店组;3为古新统元永井组;4为上侏罗统蛇甸组;5为中侏罗统张河组;6为下侏罗统冯家河组; 7为上三叠统舍资组;8为上三叠统干海子组;9为上三叠统普家村组;10为上震旦统灯影组;11为上震旦统陡山沱组; 12为中元古界苴林岩群海资哨岩组二岩段;13为中元古界苴林岩群海资哨岩组一岩段;14为中元古界苴林岩群凤凰山岩组; 15为中元古界苴林岩群路古模岩组;16为古元古界普登岩群;17为澄江期小西村岩体;18为晋宁期水桥寺岩体黑云母花岗岩; 19为晋宁期水桥寺岩体黑云母二长花岗岩;20为晋宁期水桥寺岩体片麻状二长花岗岩;21为吕梁期大罗岔岩体;22为断层; 23为铀矿点、矿化点、异常点;24为研究区;T-K为三叠系为白垩系砂岩、泥岩、灰岩;P1为下二叠统砂岩、泥页岩; Z-P为震旦系为二叠系灰岩、泥灰岩;Za为震旦系火山碎屑岩;Pt1为古元古界浅变质陆原碎屑岩、碳酸盐; Ar-Pt1为太古宇-古元古界斜长角闪岩、片岩、混合岩

, figureFileSmall=FW8YsbVJoDOzs9oDvpt9iQ==, figureFileBig=HR+G8xJEx9LNi8kqHlVVlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218525114870715352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780466775061314, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Spectrum of typical minerals, figureFileSmall=CrNqjDshQ/c6NQuD/LeRUw==, figureFileBig=QNGcyVqNAA+zAPfhGEw5PA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218525114992350176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780466775061314, language=CN, label=图2, caption=典型矿物波谱特征

据USGS波谱库

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ASTER instrument characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
子系统 波段 波谱范围/μm 空间分辨率/m
可见光-近红外
(VNIR)		 B1 0.52~0.60 15
B2 0.61~0.69
B3N 0.76~0.86
短波红外(SWIR) B4 1.600~1.700 30
B5 2.145~2.185
B6 2.185~2.225
B7 2.235~2.285
B8 2.295~2.365
B9 2.360~2.430
热红外(TIR) B10 8.125~8.475 90
B11 8.475~8.825
B12 8.925~9.275
B13 10.250~10.950
B14 10.950~11.650
), ArticleFig(id=1218525116804288592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780466775061314, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

ASTER传感器主要参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
子系统 波段 波谱范围/μm 空间分辨率/m
可见光-近红外
(VNIR)		 B1 0.52~0.60 15
B2 0.61~0.69
B3N 0.76~0.86
短波红外(SWIR) B4 1.600~1.700 30
B5 2.145~2.185
B6 2.185~2.225
B7 2.235~2.285
B8 2.295~2.365
B9 2.360~2.430
热红外(TIR) B10 8.125~8.475 90
B11 8.475~8.825
B12 8.925~9.275
B13 10.250~10.950
B14 10.950~11.650
), ArticleFig(id=1218525116900757591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780466775061314, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

PCA eigenvector matrix of ASTER B1, B2, B3 and B4

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主分量 B1 B2 B3 B4
PC1 -0.320 646 -0.501 250 -0.441 463 -0.671 686
PC2 -0.302 735 -0.433 906 -0.414 320 0.740 552
PC3 0.321 699 0.512 889 -0.795 789 -0.013 202
PC4 0.837 953 -0.545 361 -0.013 005 0.015 737
), ArticleFig(id=1218525117018198109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780466775061314, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

ASTER B1, B2, B3和B4波段主成分变换特征向量矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主分量 B1 B2 B3 B4
PC1 -0.320 646 -0.501 250 -0.441 463 -0.671 686
PC2 -0.302 735 -0.433 906 -0.414 320 0.740 552
PC3 0.321 699 0.512 889 -0.795 789 -0.013 202
PC4 0.837 953 -0.545 361 -0.013 005 0.015 737
), ArticleFig(id=1218525117110472801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780466775061314, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

PCA eigenvector matrix of ASTER B1, B3, B4 and B6

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主分量 B1 B3 B4 B6
PC1 -0.275 169 -0.393 586 -0.723 782 -0.495 491
PC2 -0.384 381 -0.790 785 0.375 502 0.293 102
PC3 -0.870 653 0.457 666 0.150 299 -0.099 574
PC4 -0.136 000 0.101 449 -0.559 059 0.811 582
), ArticleFig(id=1218525117227913322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780466775061314, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

ASTER B1, B3, B4和B6波段主成分变换特征向量矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主分量 B1 B3 B4 B6
PC1 -0.275 169 -0.393 586 -0.723 782 -0.495 491
PC2 -0.384 381 -0.790 785 0.375 502 0.293 102
PC3 -0.870 653 0.457 666 0.150 299 -0.099 574
PC4 -0.136 000 0.101 449 -0.559 059 0.811 582
), ArticleFig(id=1218525117341159536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780466775061314, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

PCA eigenvector matrix of ASTER B1, B3, B4 and B8

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主分量 B1 B3 B4 B8
PC1 0.282 718 0.402 009 0.725 611 0.481 611
PC2 0.371 228 0.791 192 -0.413 831 -0.254 851
PC3 0.825 695 -0.435 816 -0.250 307 0.256 200
PC4 -0.316 998 0.149 897 -0.489 469 0.798 413
), ArticleFig(id=1218525117420851317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780466775061314, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

ASTER B1, B3, B4和B8波段主成分变换特征向量矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主分量 B1 B3 B4 B8
PC1 0.282 718 0.402 009 0.725 611 0.481 611
PC2 0.371 228 0.791 192 -0.413 831 -0.254 851
PC3 0.825 695 -0.435 816 -0.250 307 0.256 200
PC4 -0.316 998 0.149 897 -0.489 469 0.798 413
), ArticleFig(id=1218525117517320316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780466775061314, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

PCA eigenvector matrix of ASTER B1, B3, B4 and B5

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主分量 B1 B3 B4 B5
PC1 0.282 396 0.402 185 0.731 992 0.471 898
PC2 0.374 069 0.789 718 -0.400 019 -0.276 411
PC3 0.855 881 -0.444 786 -0.198 153 0.174 265
PC4 -0.218 613 0.129 456 -0.514 692 0.818 866
), ArticleFig(id=1218525117613789310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149780466775061314, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

ASTER B1, B3, B4和B5波段主成分变换特征向量矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主分量 B1 B3 B4 B5
PC1 0.282 396 0.402 185 0.731 992 0.471 898
PC2 0.374 069 0.789 718 -0.400 019 -0.276 411
PC3 0.855 881 -0.444 786 -0.198 153 0.174 265
PC4 -0.218 613 0.129 456 -0.514 692 0.818 866
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ASTER遥感数据在植被覆盖区铀矿勘查中的应用: 以云南省牟定地区为例
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张元涛 1 , 姚建 1, 2 , 王四利 1, * , 王波 1 , 陈志国 1 , 晏中海 1 , 潘蔚 3 , 田虹 1
科学技术与工程 | 论文·天文学、地球科学 2025,25(10): 4006-4016
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·天文学、地球科学 2025, 25(10): 4006-4016
ASTER遥感数据在植被覆盖区铀矿勘查中的应用: 以云南省牟定地区为例
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张元涛1 , 姚建1, 2, 王四利1, * , 王波1, 陈志国1, 晏中海1, 潘蔚3, 田虹1
作者信息
  • 1 核工业二八○研究所, 广汉 618300
  • 2 成都理工大学地球与行星科学学院, 成都 610059
  • 3 核工业北京地质研究院/遥感信息与图像分析技术国家级重点实验室, 北京 100029

    • 张元涛(1991—),男,汉族,四川成都人,博士,工程师。研究方向:遥感地质。E-mail:。

通讯作者:

* 王四利(1978—),男,汉族,四川松潘人,高级工程师。研究方向:铀矿勘查与评价。E-mail:。
Application of ASTER Remote Sensing Data in Uranium Exploration in Vegetation Covered Areas: A Case Study of Mouding Area, Yunnan Province
Yuan-tao ZHANG1 , Jian YAO1, 2, Si-li WANG1, * , Bo WANG1, Zhi-guo CHEN1, Zhong-hai YAN1, Wei PAN3, Hong TIAN1
Affiliations
  • 1 No. 280 Institute of Nuclear Industry, Guanghan 618300, China
  • 2 College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
  • 3 National Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Information and Image Analysis Technology/Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology, Beijing 100029, China
出版时间: 2025-04-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402732
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摘要
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为将遥感技术用于云南省牟定地区铀矿勘查,基于先进星载热发射和反射辐射仪(advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer,ASTER)遥感数据通过干扰去除+主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)方法,提取了研究区Al-OH、Mg-OH、 CO 3 2 -及铁染类蚀变信息;通过PCA及PCI Geomatica软件中的LINE模型自动提取了研究区线性构造,并绘制了线性构造密度图。最后结合地质资料,分析了研究区铀成矿与蚀变及线性构造的关系,并圈定一处成矿有利区。该研究可为该区后续勘查提供一定思路,同时也可为遥感技术在植被覆盖区矿产勘查提供一定参考。

ASTER  /  蚀变矿物  /  线性构造  /  铀矿  /  牟定地区

In order to apply remote sensing technology to uranium exploration in the Mouding area of Yunnan Province, based on ASTER (advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer) remote sensing data, the interference removal and PCA (principal component analysis) method was used to extract the Al-OH, Mg-OH, CO 3 2 - and iron-stained alteration information in the study area. The lineaments in the study area were automatically extracted by PCA and LINE model in PCI Geomatica software, and the density map of lineaments was created. Finally, combined with geological data, the relationship between uranium mineralization and alteration and linear structures in the study area was analyzed, and a favorable mineralization area was delineated. This study can provide some ideas for subsequent exploration in the area, and also provide some reference for remote sensing technology in mineral exploration in vegetation-covered areas.

ASTER  /  altered mineral  /  lineament  /  uranium deposit  /  Mouding area
张元涛, 姚建, 王四利, 王波, 陈志国, 晏中海, 潘蔚, 田虹. ASTER遥感数据在植被覆盖区铀矿勘查中的应用: 以云南省牟定地区为例. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (10) : 4006 -4016 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402732
Yuan-tao ZHANG, Jian YAO, Si-li WANG, Bo WANG, Zhi-guo CHEN, Zhong-hai YAN, Wei PAN, Hong TIAN. Application of ASTER Remote Sensing Data in Uranium Exploration in Vegetation Covered Areas: A Case Study of Mouding Area, Yunnan Province[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (10) : 4006 -4016 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402732
正文
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遥感作为一种先进的技术方法,具有周期短、成本低、范围广、绿色环保等优势,广泛应用于地质[1-6]等领域。ASTER遥感影像作为一种光谱范围宽、波段多的中分辨率多光谱数据,是地质研究中应用最广泛的数据之一[7]。利用该数据,学者们进行了蚀变信息提取[1,3,5,7-9]、构造[7,10]及岩性解译[8,11]等研究,并取得了众多成果。欧俊等[12]利用ASTER遥感数据在西藏阿里地区革吉县尕尔穷铜矿床开展了蚀变矿物信息提取,并进行了蚀变分带划分。王生礼等[9]利用ASTER等遥感数据进行矿物蚀变信息提取,并结合模糊逻辑模型在西藏珠勒地区绘制了找矿靶区。李汉武等[13]利用ASTER影像开展了成像光谱法和主成分分析法蚀变异常信息提取,并结合增强型专题绘图仪所获影像(enhanced thematic mapper, ETM)提取构造及斑岩型矿床成矿地质条件等资料进行了阿根廷米纳皮基塔斯地区斑岩型铜金矿找矿远景区划分。
云南牟定地区地处康滇地轴中南段,植被较发育,前人已在区内发现了多处铀矿点、矿化点及大量放射性异常点,并发现了一种世界罕见的铀矿化[14],展示区内具有较好的铀成矿潜力。遥感作为矿产勘查中的一种有效手段,其在构造岩性识别及蚀变信息提取等方面具有显著成效,但该区遥感地质研究还是一个空白。加强该区遥感地质工作,探索植被覆盖区地质信息提取及成矿预测方法对推进该区铀矿地质勘查工作意义重大。
为此,现尝试将遥感技术应用于该区铀矿勘查,即基于ASTER影像,采用干扰去除+主成分法提取研究区的蚀变信息,并利用主成分分析及PCI Geomatic Line模块开展线性构造自动提取。基于此,在ArcGIS软件中分析已知铀矿(矿化、异常)点与蚀变及线性构造之间的关系,并开展成矿预测,以期为该区后续铀矿勘查以及植被覆盖区矿产勘查提供一定参考。
1 研究区地质背景
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研究区位于康滇地轴中南段的泸定-米易台拱、黄草坝背斜的北西翼[15](图1),面积约158 km2。区内出露地层主要为古元古界普登岩群(Pt1P)及中元古界苴林岩群(包括Pt2h2、Pt2f、Pt2l)变质岩。上三叠统及下侏罗统地层零星分布于研究区边部,如图1所示。
区内岩浆岩分布广泛,主要水桥寺晋宁期花岗岩体,分布于研究区中部,包括黑云母花岗岩(γβPt3)、黑云母二长花岗岩(γβPt2)及片麻状二长花岗岩(γηPt2)(图1)。前人研究认为该岩体为一高(超)分异的花岗岩岩体[14]。区内构造发育,总体表现为穹隆构造[14]。断裂构造主要有北北东向、北东向、北西向、近南北向及近东西向构造。与铀矿有关的断裂主要是分布于研究区西北部呈北北东向展布的断裂,其主干断裂为元谋—绿汁江逆断层断。逆断性质的牛街—上村断裂(F23)为元谋—绿汁江断裂的次级构造,倾向南东[14],控制牟定1101地区铀矿点、矿化点、异常点展布。
研究区铀矿(化/异常)点多,原1101地区已有铀矿点1个(111)、铀矿化点3处(165、116、110铀异常带)、铀异常点1个(120),受控于北东向韧性剪切带及牛街—上村断裂(F23)。铀矿体主要呈似脉状或透镜状产于新太古-古元古界普登岩群变质岩系,含矿围岩为斜长角闪岩、二云母石英片岩、花岗片麻岩等,矿化出露宽度1.5~2.5 m,地表出露长约20 m。矿石矿物主要以沥青铀矿为主,另有少量的晶质铀矿、次生铀矿物[15]。围岩蚀变主要有硅化、绢云母化、绿泥石化、赤铁矿化、钠长石化、碳酸盐化、黄铁矿-黄铜矿-辉钼矿化等[15-16]。
2 数据源及数据处理
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2.1 ASTER影像及预处理
ASTER是搭载在美国NASA Terra卫星上的一种高级光学传感器,可获取3个可见光/近红外(第3波段另增设了具有后视功能的3B波段)、6个短波红外及5个热红外波段共14个波段的遥感数据,其空间分辨率分别为15、30、90 m(表1)。每景影像覆盖60 km×60 km的区域。
本次研究所用影像获取于2003年2月19日,数据来源于NASA(https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/)。影像为L1T级数据,该级数据经过了正射校正和地形精确校正。整个影像清晰无云、雪干扰,可满足研究需求。
由于原始数据已经经过了精确地形校正,因而涉及的预处理主要包括串扰校正、辐射定标、重采样及大气校正等。其中可见光-短波红外波段利用ENVI软件中的FLAASH大气校正模块对定标后的辐亮度数据进行处理,经过处理得到反射率数据。
2.2 去干扰处理
研究区处于亚热带季风气候区,植被较发育。为降低植被对提取蚀变信息的影响,本次研究使用归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI)提取植被区,并制作掩模。针对ASTER数据,相应的NDVI计算公式为
N D V I = B 3 - B 2 B 3 + B 2
式(1)中:NDVI为归一化植被指数,其取值范围为[-1,1],负值代表地面覆盖为云、水、雪等,0表示有岩石或裸土等,正值指示有植被覆盖,且与覆盖度正相关;B2和B3分别为ASTER影像第2和第3波段反射率。
通过与实际真彩色影像对比,将NDVI>0.5的区域划定为高植被覆盖区,并基于此建立植被掩模。为去除水体的影响,将NDVI<0的区域进行掩模处理。
3 信息提取
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3.1 典型蚀变矿物光谱特征
围岩蚀变是重要的找矿标志,围岩蚀变中的蚀变矿物通常含有铁离子、铝羟基、镁羟基和碳酸根,这些离子(基团)的特征波谱是遥感异常提取的重要理论依据[3]。含Fe3+矿物(铁染),包括赤铁矿、褐铁矿、针铁矿等,其在0.49 μm和0.83~0.97 μm附近存在吸收特征,如图2(a)所示。含Al-OH矿物,包括白云母、高岭石、蒙脱石和伊利石等,其光谱吸收特征位于2.17~2.21 μm波长范围内。含Mg-OH矿物主要有绿泥石、绿帘石及蛇纹石等,其光谱曲线在2.30~2.40 μm波长范围内存在吸收特征。含 CO 3 2 -矿物(碳酸盐)在1.85~2.2 nm和2.30~2.35 nm波长范围内存在吸收特征,涉及矿物有方解石和白云石等[1,4,17]。
3.2 蚀变信息提取
从遥感数据中提取蚀变信息的方法较多,主要有波段比值法、主成分分析法、光谱角填图及混合像元分解等,其中主成分分析法在多光谱遥感中应用广泛[4-5,17]。该方法是对图像数据的集中和压缩,将多个波段高度相关的信息集中到少数的几个波段,且尽可能地保证这些波段的信息互不相干,减少了数据冗余,最大限度提取目标信息[4,18]。基于典型蚀变矿物光谱特征,本次研究利用主成分分析在研究区开展含Fe3+、Al-OH、Mg-OH及 CO 3 2 -矿物提取。
由于含Fe3+矿物在0.49 μm及0.83~0.97 μm附近存在吸收特征,大致对应ASTER影像的B1和B3波段,因此以B1、B2、B3及B4共4个波段进行主成分分析。在特征向量矩阵中,第4主分量(PC4)的主要负载集中在B1和B2波段,且在强吸收B1波段上为正值而在强反射B2波段上为负值,因此图像中暗色像元指示含Fe3+矿物的空间分布(表2)。对PC4进行取反、中值滤波及阈值分割等处理,以提取含Fe3+矿物。其中阈值按照“均值+n倍标准差”来确定,n取值1.5。
含Al-OH矿物在2.2 nm附近具有吸收特征,对应ASTER的B6波段,因此以B1、B3、B4和B6共4个波段进行主成分分析实现该类蚀变信息的提取。在特征向量矩阵中,含Al-OH矿物所在主分量应该在B4和B6波段有强负载,且符号相反,因而第4主分量(PC4)符合要求。在该主分量中强反射B4波段为负而强吸收B6波段为正,因而主分量图像中暗色像元指示含Al-OH矿物的存在(表3)。对PC4进行上述相同的处理,以提取该类矿物,其中n取值为2。
依据Mg-OH矿物的光谱特征,含Mg-OH矿物在ASTER的B8波段具有吸收特征,因此选择B1、B3、B4和B8共4个波段进行主成分分析。在特征向量矩阵中,Mg-OH矿物存在主分量应该在B4和B8波段有强负载且符号相反,因而第4主分量(PC4)满足要求。在PC4中,由于B4波段为强反射,但其特征向量为负,同时B8波段为强吸收特征,但其特征向量为正值,故特征向量中暗像元反映蚀变信息,如表4所示。对PC4进行上述相同的处理,以圈定蚀变异常,其中n取2。
依据 CO 3 2 -矿物的光谱特征,含 CO 3 2 -矿物在B5和B8波段具有吸收特征,因此以B1、B3、B4和B5共4个波段进行主成分分析。在特征向量矩阵中, CO 3 2 -矿物所在主分量应该在B4和B5波段具有强负载且符号相反,因此第4主分量(PC4)符合。在该主分量中强反射B4波段为负而强吸收B5波段为正,故主分量图像中暗色像元指示含 CO 3 2 -矿物的存在(表5)。对PC4进行上述相同的阈值分割处理,其中n取2。
3.3 线性构造提取
线性构造泛指航空照片和卫星照片上呈现的与构造有关的线形影像,包括节理、断裂构造、劈理、构造裂隙及构造破碎带等[19]。线性构造在遥感图像中主要表现为连续或不连续的线性体,由色调差异、地貌特征显示的非人工的线性影像和弧形影像组成,能大致反映一个地区的基本构造格局[20]。此外,线性构造往往为成矿溶液的上升、转移、凝固和富集提供了有利场所,是十分重要的控矿构造因素[7]。从遥感影像中提取线性构造,除目视解译外,PCI Geomatica软件中的LINE模块也广泛用于线性构造自动提取研究[10,21]。其以灰度影像为输入,通过边缘探测和线探测来实现。本研究选取ASTER影像的B1、B2和B3共3个波段进行主成分分析,并将包含主要信息的第一主分量作为输入,以提取线性构造。其中RADI(滤波半径)、GTHR(边缘梯度阈值)、LTHR(曲线长度阈值)、FTHR(线拟合阈值)、ATHR(角度差阈值)及DTHR(连接距离阈值)分别为10、100、30、3、30和20。
4 结果与讨论
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4.1 蚀变矿物分布特征
基于ASTER影像在研究区共提取出了铁染、Al-OH、Mg-OH及 CO 3 2 -4类蚀变,其分布如图3所示。铁染蚀变主要呈团块状、星点状分布于研究区西南部,局部呈星点状出露在研究区北部、南部及东部。在岩性地层上,该类蚀变主要出露于古元古界普登岩群(Pt1P)变质岩以及片麻状二长花岗岩(ηγPt2)中;Al-OH类蚀变主要呈团块状、星点状出露研究区中北部。此外,该类蚀变主要出露于中粗粒黑云母花岗岩(γβPt3)及片麻状二长花岗岩(ηγPt2)中,而在地层出露少;Mg-OH类蚀变的空间分布特征与Al-OH类蚀变类似,也主要出露于研究区中北部的侵入岩中,但分布范围相对较前者小; CO 3 2 -类蚀变与Al-OH类蚀变也具有相似的空间分布,整体上呈星点状、小团块状。
4.2 线性构造分布特征
经自动提取,在研究区共获取350条线性构造,提取结果主要分布于影像的不同色调分界面以及呈线状展布的色调异常带上,整体效果较好(图4)。野外查证显示,位于北东东向构造上的D03点在野外见一构造,其产状为340°∠78°,与实际相符。位于近东西向构造上的D07点在野外亦见明显近东西向构造形迹(图4和图5)。
基于上述提取结果,利用ArcGIS Kernel Density工具制作了线性构造密度分布图(图4)。从中可发现,研究区线性构造分布不均,其发育区主要集中于研究区北部、东部及南部等区域。在岩性地层方面,提取的线性构造在岩体和地层中均有分布,无明显趋向性,即使是同一套地层,其发育程度也存在差异。从线性构造的方位来看,研究区主要构造呈北东东、东西及北东向展布(图6),这与地质资料显示的北北东及北东向为研究区优势构造方位[14-15,22]这一事实相符。
4.3 综合分析及有利区预测
将提取的蚀变信息、线性构造与区内已知的铀矿(化/异常)点在ArcGIS软件中进行叠合,可发现在已施工钻孔区(I、II、III),4类蚀变均有不同程度分布,其中II、III区蚀变相对发育,而I区(1101铀矿点)蚀变几乎未见(图7),可能原因为由于该区受植被覆盖的影响较大,在去干扰过程中大部分区已进行了屏蔽处理。实际野外查证,I区见赤铁矿、褐铁矿、白云母、方解石及黏土化等蚀变(图8)。从构造密度来看,除区域III构造密度低外,其他两个区多位于线性构造密度中等及以上区域。通过与卫星影像对比,区域III位于上村附近,处于山间盆地内,地表受人为活动影响大,影像纹理特征、色调差异特征不显著,致使该区自动提取的线性构造偏少。总体而言,铁染类、Al-OH类、Mg-OH类及 CO 3 2 -蚀变4类蚀变发育区及构造密度较高区是该区有利的找矿区段。
基于上述铀成矿特点,在研究区中南部圈定一处成矿有利区。有利区IV位于水桥寺岩体黑云母花岗岩与古元古界普登岩群变质岩接触带附近,区内发育一定数量的铀矿(矿化、异常)点,并发育大片的Al-OH类、Mg-OH类、 CO 3 2 -类及铁染类蚀变。此外该区线性构造密度达中高及以上(图7),因而更有可能形成热液通道和储矿空间。在地球化学方面,该区地区化学铀含量显著高于中国南方背景值(2.9×10-6)[23],总体可达3.8×10-6~6.0×10-6,进一步反映该区具有一定铀成矿潜力,如图9(a)所示。
利用主成分变换(principal component analysis,PCA)及假彩色合成对影像进行增强处理。图8(b)为增强后的影像(R、G、B分别为PC6、PC5、PC4),经增强处理,各岩性地层单元色调差异明显。结合建立的岩性、构造解译标志,如不同色调分界面呈线状延伸等,在有利区IV范围内解译出原始地质资料未显示的一条北东向断裂构造及一小规模出露岩体,如图9(b)和图9(c)所示。该北东向断裂构造位于不同色调分界面,且线性特征明显。解译小侵入体呈浅绿-浅黄色,纹理较周围地质体细腻,与周围普登岩群变质岩及黑云母花岗岩影像特征差异明显。
空间位置上,该小侵入体位于该北东向构造上,且位于普登岩群变质岩与黑云母花岗岩之间,表现出受该北东向断裂构造控制的特点,暗示该断裂附近有强烈的岩浆热液活动,可能有利于该区铀成矿活动。综上所述,该区构造及岩浆热液条件良好,具有铀成矿潜力,后续可加强该区的地面调查。
5 结论
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(1)在云南省牟定地区利用ASTER遥感数据通过干扰去除了植被等因素的影响,并结合主成分分析的方法提取了铁染、Al-OH、Mg-OH及 CO 3 2 -4类蚀变。利用主成分变换及LINE模块自动提取了研究区线性构造。在此基础上,通过与地质资料的对比及野外查证,指出了4类蚀变发育及构造密度较高区是该区有利的找矿区段。
(2)综合考虑地质资料、遥感提取的蚀变异常及线性构造,在研究区中南部圈定一处成矿有利区,并从铀元素地球化学及遥感解译断裂构造、岩性等多个方面进行了一定印证,有利区的圈定可为该区后续铀矿勘查提供一定思路。
基金
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  • 中国核工业地质局项目(202112)
文献
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2025年第25卷第10期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402732
  • 接收时间：2024-04-15
  • 首发时间：2025-07-09
  • 出版时间：2025-04-08
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  • 收稿日期：2024-04-15
  • 修回日期：2024-12-30
基金
中国核工业地质局项目(202112)
作者信息
    1 核工业二八○研究所, 广汉 618300
    2 成都理工大学地球与行星科学学院, 成都 610059
    3 核工业北京地质研究院/遥感信息与图像分析技术国家级重点实验室, 北京 100029

通讯作者:

* 王四利(1978—),男,汉族,四川松潘人,高级工程师。研究方向:铀矿勘查与评价。E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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