Article(id=1149776965445574965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149776900194791454, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403511, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1715529600000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-13, revisedDate=1723219200000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752057790385, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1744905600000, pubDateStr=2025-04-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752057790385, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752057790385, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752057790385, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149776900194791454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='11', pageStart='4397', pageEnd='4826', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752057774827, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456666677, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218558837930512931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149776900194791454, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218558837930512932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149776900194791454, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4743, endPage=4753, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149776965709816118, articleId=1149776965445574965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Uplift Bearing Behavior of Pile Foundation in Sandy Foundation Pit, columnId=1156262729917780302, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Architectural Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Due to ignoring the influence of foundation pit unloading effect on the bearing properties of uprooted piles, the accuracy of in-situ test results needs to be studied when the excavation unloading area is large, and the current research on uplift piles mostly reflects the bearing properties of piles based on pile side friction resistance, and there are few studies on the normal pressure of pile-soil interface on pile sides. Compared with the frictional resistance of the pile side, the normal pressure of the pile-soil interface on the pile side can intuitively reflect the influence of foundation pit excavation and unloading on the bearing properties of the uprooted pile. In view of this, the combination of model test and numerical simulation was used to explore the stress response and deformation law of uplift piles under excavation and unloading conditions by changing the variables such as foundation pit excavation range and pile roughness, and then the bearing mechanism of uplift piles was revealed. The results show that the unloading effect of foundation pit excavation is related to the depth and width of the foundation pit, the effective pile length and the pile side roughness, according to the degree of influence: the effective pile length> the depth of the foundation pit> the roughness of the pile side > the width of the foundation pit. When the width of the foundation pit is greater than the critical value, the increase of the width of the foundation pit has little effect on the bearing characteristics of the uplift pile. Under the condition of the same effective pile length, the normal stress of the excavated pile side is proportional to the depth of the foundation pit and inversely proportional to the width of the foundation pit, and the relationship with the pile roughness is small. Under the condition of the same effective pile length, the frictional resistance of the pile after excavation is directly proportional to the depth of the foundation pit and the roughness of the pile, and inversely proportional to the width of the foundation pit.

, correspAuthors=Hai-bin DING, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jian WANG, Ji-kai WANG, Hai-bin DING, Yue-yue KONG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149776992071017367, articleId=1149776965445574965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=砂性地层中开挖卸荷条件下抗拔桩承载特性, columnId=1156262730517565784, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·建筑科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

由于忽略了基坑卸荷效应对抗拔桩承载性状的影响,故当开挖卸荷面积较大时,原位试桩结果的准确性尚待考究,且目前关于抗拔桩研究多以桩侧摩阻力反映桩的承载性状,对于桩侧桩-土界面法向压力研究较少。桩侧桩-土界面法向压力与桩侧摩阻力相较而言,可以直观地体现基坑开挖卸荷对抗拔桩承载性状影响。有鉴于此,采用模型试验与数值模拟相结合的方法,通过改变基坑开挖范围和桩粗糙度等变量,探究在开挖卸荷条件下抗拔桩的应力响应以及变形规律,继而揭示抗拔桩承载机理。结果表明:基坑开挖的卸荷效应与基坑深度、宽度、有效桩长和桩侧粗糙度有关,按影响程度分:有效桩长>基坑深度>桩侧粗糙度>基坑宽度;基坑宽度对桩抗拔承载特性的影响存在临界值,当基坑宽度大于临界值时,基坑宽度的增加对抗拔桩承载特性影响较小;在同一有效桩长条件下,开挖后的桩侧法向应力与基坑深度成正比,与基坑宽度成反比,与桩粗糙度的关系较小;在同一有效桩长条件下,开挖后的桩侧摩阻力与基坑深度、桩的粗糙度成正比,与基坑宽度成反比。

, correspAuthors=丁海滨, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 丁海滨(1991—),男,汉族,江西南昌人,博士,副教授。研究方向:地下工程。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=qkZmb4dxk2YGboN4/uTvag==, magXml=sj5qd88jFZlKPDluRvmlgQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=001XTxMGS1WjZYNdVAWHtw==, pdfFileSize=14956290, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Tm71xl5pYyCCCj+YVyB4xA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=DGaDdFZWgqVeuJvCAk6D7Q==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王剑(1978—),男,汉族,山东济南人,高级工程师。研究方向:铁路工程及城市轨道交通工程。E-mail:

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王剑(1978—),男,汉族,山东济南人,高级工程师。研究方向:铁路工程及城市轨道交通工程。E-mail:

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王剑(1978—),男,汉族,山东济南人,高级工程师。研究方向:铁路工程及城市轨道交通工程。E-mail:

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=模型试验), Keyword(id=1218843919362740936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=桩侧法向应力)], refs=[Reference(id=1218843926551778129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=22, issue=17, pageStart=6781, pageEnd=6789, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=白晓宇, 秘金卫, 王雪岭, journalName=科学技术与工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=白晓宇, 秘金卫, 王雪岭, 等. 抗拔桩在抗浮工程中的研究进展[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2022, 22(17): 6781-6789., articleTitle=抗拔桩在抗浮工程中的研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1218843926673412946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=22, issue=17, pageStart=6781, pageEnd=6789, 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articleId=1149776965445574965, companyId=1218843916921655869, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Jiangxi Underground Space Technology Development Engineering Research Center, Nanchang 330013, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1218843916934238782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, companyId=1218843916921655869, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 江西省地下空间技术开发工程研究中心, 南昌 330013)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1218843919622787793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic diagram of die, figureFileSmall=ojuhDfQMTCGMMj5HE1jBjg==, figureFileBig=nEI1QrvvttD2+0r322UU4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218843919715062486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, 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figureFileBig=f9DVqQUuW2fYJ4ZTnLmHQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218843920067384038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, language=CN, label=图3, caption=模型桩弯矩示意图, figureFileSmall=mCl28I8rZi1LRgfQOZZ+9g==, figureFileBig=f9DVqQUuW2fYJ4ZTnLmHQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218843920180630252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Schematic diagram of model box, figureFileSmall=DThytu4UH+TbC2zOAbOw7w==, figureFileBig=7NLzrbP+NvdB6e2dOpkF+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218843920293876464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, language=CN, label=图4, caption=模型箱示意图, figureFileSmall=DThytu4UH+TbC2zOAbOw7w==, figureFileBig=7NLzrbP+NvdB6e2dOpkF+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218843920377762545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Particle grading curve, figureFileSmall=8iF8qPrA9j8y6AFWm2UOig==, figureFileBig=CL+G3yzVsRCqXIOImEeLfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218843920478425842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, language=CN, label=图5, caption=颗粒级配曲线, figureFileSmall=8iF8qPrA9j8y6AFWm2UOig==, figureFileBig=CL+G3yzVsRCqXIOImEeLfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218843920570700534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Enclosure structure and support, figureFileSmall=j4tq173RPsV3xsV+53ht5g==, figureFileBig=Wq2g76IfGvh+AT9XvTVsLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218843920671363831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, language=CN, label=图6, caption=围护结构, figureFileSmall=j4tq173RPsV3xsV+53ht5g==, figureFileBig=Wq2g76IfGvh+AT9XvTVsLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218843920792998650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Schematic diagram of model, figureFileSmall=KwXtpOEqQ+o4hP7EH/r/zA==, figureFileBig=WgTQF2RMqllL8SAVnLmnng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218843920881079036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, language=CN, label=图7, caption=模型示意图, figureFileSmall=KwXtpOEqQ+o4hP7EH/r/zA==, figureFileBig=WgTQF2RMqllL8SAVnLmnng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218843920973353727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Model test steps, figureFileSmall=F8A7wIR7uZsL4D5rRfwArg==, figureFileBig=8WIsfyOSdBWu1XFEzDqqFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218843921069822721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, language=CN, label=图8, caption=模型试验步骤图, figureFileSmall=F8A7wIR7uZsL4D5rRfwArg==, figureFileBig=8WIsfyOSdBWu1XFEzDqqFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218843921145320195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Test results of different foundation pit depths, figureFileSmall=xVTikAzRCdqW2Q4rFCiYUA==, figureFileBig=D9CUQtMEdUlWINaggfSyoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218843921266955015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同基坑深度试验结果, figureFileSmall=xVTikAzRCdqW2Q4rFCiYUA==, figureFileBig=D9CUQtMEdUlWINaggfSyoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218843921334063881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Test results of different foundation pit widths, figureFileSmall=JyI3HtBc2pofNDostWOMDg==, figureFileBig=K1t062XvJ7IimvKJ6fN2Pw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218843921417949964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同基坑宽度试验结果, figureFileSmall=JyI3HtBc2pofNDostWOMDg==, figureFileBig=K1t062XvJ7IimvKJ6fN2Pw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218843921514418957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Schematic diagram of calculation model, figureFileSmall=+aKPZx8yQ1bcX8afdXuozw==, figureFileBig=tPL5W/u5TVQuF4JCWsl29g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218843921627665167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, language=CN, label=图11, caption=计算模型示意图

D为基坑宽度,H为基坑深度,L为抗拔桩桩长=L'+H,L'为桩的有效桩长(埋置深度)

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D=20 m,H=4 m,L=20 m

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D=20 m,H=4 m,L=20m

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k0为未开挖桩侧法向应力系数(静止土压力系数)

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Ratio of various parameters in model test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类型 物理量 量纲 相似比(原型∶模型)
材料
特征
弹性模量 F L - 2 20∶1
容重 F L - 3 1∶1
桩身刚度 F L 2 205∶1
几何
尺寸
长度 L 20∶1
半径 L 20∶1
荷载
位移
荷载 F 203∶1
位移 L 20∶1
), ArticleFig(id=1218843923464770370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

模型试验各项参数比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类型 物理量 量纲 相似比(原型∶模型)
材料
特征
弹性模量 F L - 2 20∶1
容重 F L - 3 1∶1
桩身刚度 F L 2 205∶1
几何
尺寸
长度 L 20∶1
半径 L 20∶1
荷载
位移
荷载 F 203∶1
位移 L 20∶1
), ArticleFig(id=1218843923527684931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Physical and mechanical parameters of test soil

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 φ/
(°)
γ/
(kN·m-3)
e Es/MPa ω/% C/
(kN·m-2)
数值 32.6 17.8 0.58 30.3 10.38 2
), ArticleFig(id=1218843923611571012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

试验土体物理力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 φ/
(°)
γ/
(kN·m-3)
e Es/MPa ω/% C/
(kN·m-2)
数值 32.6 17.8 0.58 30.3 10.38 2
), ArticleFig(id=1218843923682874181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Test conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 试验工况 基坑宽度D/m 基坑深度H/m 桩长L/m
对照组 1 0 0 1
深度 2 1.0 0.2 1
3 1.0 0.4 1
4 1.0 0.6 1
宽度 5 0.5 0.6 1
6 1.74 0.6 1
), ArticleFig(id=1218843923741594438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

试验工况表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量 试验工况 基坑宽度D/m 基坑深度H/m 桩长L/m
对照组 1 0 0 1
深度 2 1.0 0.2 1
3 1.0 0.4 1
4 1.0 0.6 1
宽度 5 0.5 0.6 1
6 1.74 0.6 1
), ArticleFig(id=1218843923804508999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Parameters of soil layer

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 泊松比μ 容重γ/
(kN·m-3)
割线模量
E 50 r e f/MPa
切线模量 E o e d r e f/MPa 土体卸载再加载模量
E u r r e f/MPa
G 0 r e f/
MPa
弹性模量
E/MPa
黏聚力
C/kPa
摩擦角
φ/(°)
砾砂 0.30 20.0 32 32 96 115.2 0 35
0.30 25.0 30 000
地连墙 0.30 25.5 31 000
), ArticleFig(id=1218843923905172296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

土层参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 泊松比μ 容重γ/
(kN·m-3)
割线模量
E 50 r e f/MPa
切线模量 E o e d r e f/MPa 土体卸载再加载模量
E u r r e f/MPa
G 0 r e f/
MPa
弹性模量
E/MPa
黏聚力
C/kPa
摩擦角
φ/(°)
砾砂 0.30 20.0 32 32 96 115.2 0 35
0.30 25.0 30 000
地连墙 0.30 25.5 31 000
), ArticleFig(id=1218843923989058377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Calculation conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
计算工况 施工模拟
工况1 地应力平衡
工况2 施工地连墙、抗拔桩和界面单元
工况3 基坑开挖,开挖深度为H
工况4 在抗拔桩顶部施加抗拔荷载
), ArticleFig(id=1218843924051972938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

计算工况表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
计算工况 施工模拟
工况1 地应力平衡
工况2 施工地连墙、抗拔桩和界面单元
工况3 基坑开挖,开挖深度为H
工况4 在抗拔桩顶部施加抗拔荷载
), ArticleFig(id=1218843924114887499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Simulated working conditions with different roughness

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 有效桩长L' 桩径d/m Rinter
1 30 1.0 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9
2 30 1.8 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9
3 50 1.0 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9
), ArticleFig(id=1218843924198773580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776965445574965, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同粗糙度模拟工况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 有效桩长L' 桩径d/m Rinter
1 30 1.0 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9
2 30 1.8 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9
3 50 1.0 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9
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砂性地层中开挖卸荷条件下抗拔桩承载特性
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王剑 1 , 王际凯 2, 3 , 丁海滨 2, 3, * , 孔跃跃 1
科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025,25(11): 4743-4753
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025, 25(11): 4743-4753
砂性地层中开挖卸荷条件下抗拔桩承载特性
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王剑1 , 王际凯2, 3, 丁海滨2, 3, * , 孔跃跃1
作者信息
  • 1 中铁十四局集团有限公司, 济南 250101
  • 2 华东交通大学土木建筑学院, 南昌 330013
  • 3 江西省地下空间技术开发工程研究中心, 南昌 330013
  • 王剑(1978—),男,汉族,山东济南人,高级工程师。研究方向:铁路工程及城市轨道交通工程。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 丁海滨(1991—),男,汉族,江西南昌人,博士,副教授。研究方向:地下工程。E-mail:
Uplift Bearing Behavior of Pile Foundation in Sandy Foundation Pit
Jian WANG1 , Ji-kai WANG2, 3, Hai-bin DING2, 3, * , Yue-yue KONG1
Affiliations
  • 1 China Railway 14th Bureau Group Co., Ltd., Jinan 250101, China
  • 2 School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China
  • 3 Jiangxi Underground Space Technology Development Engineering Research Center, Nanchang 330013, China
出版时间: 2025-04-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403511
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由于忽略了基坑卸荷效应对抗拔桩承载性状的影响,故当开挖卸荷面积较大时,原位试桩结果的准确性尚待考究,且目前关于抗拔桩研究多以桩侧摩阻力反映桩的承载性状,对于桩侧桩-土界面法向压力研究较少。桩侧桩-土界面法向压力与桩侧摩阻力相较而言,可以直观地体现基坑开挖卸荷对抗拔桩承载性状影响。有鉴于此,采用模型试验与数值模拟相结合的方法,通过改变基坑开挖范围和桩粗糙度等变量,探究在开挖卸荷条件下抗拔桩的应力响应以及变形规律,继而揭示抗拔桩承载机理。结果表明:基坑开挖的卸荷效应与基坑深度、宽度、有效桩长和桩侧粗糙度有关,按影响程度分:有效桩长>基坑深度>桩侧粗糙度>基坑宽度;基坑宽度对桩抗拔承载特性的影响存在临界值,当基坑宽度大于临界值时,基坑宽度的增加对抗拔桩承载特性影响较小;在同一有效桩长条件下,开挖后的桩侧法向应力与基坑深度成正比,与基坑宽度成反比,与桩粗糙度的关系较小;在同一有效桩长条件下,开挖后的桩侧摩阻力与基坑深度、桩的粗糙度成正比,与基坑宽度成反比。

抗拔桩  /  开挖卸荷  /  模型试验  /  桩侧法向应力

Due to ignoring the influence of foundation pit unloading effect on the bearing properties of uprooted piles, the accuracy of in-situ test results needs to be studied when the excavation unloading area is large, and the current research on uplift piles mostly reflects the bearing properties of piles based on pile side friction resistance, and there are few studies on the normal pressure of pile-soil interface on pile sides. Compared with the frictional resistance of the pile side, the normal pressure of the pile-soil interface on the pile side can intuitively reflect the influence of foundation pit excavation and unloading on the bearing properties of the uprooted pile. In view of this, the combination of model test and numerical simulation was used to explore the stress response and deformation law of uplift piles under excavation and unloading conditions by changing the variables such as foundation pit excavation range and pile roughness, and then the bearing mechanism of uplift piles was revealed. The results show that the unloading effect of foundation pit excavation is related to the depth and width of the foundation pit, the effective pile length and the pile side roughness, according to the degree of influence: the effective pile length> the depth of the foundation pit> the roughness of the pile side > the width of the foundation pit. When the width of the foundation pit is greater than the critical value, the increase of the width of the foundation pit has little effect on the bearing characteristics of the uplift pile. Under the condition of the same effective pile length, the normal stress of the excavated pile side is proportional to the depth of the foundation pit and inversely proportional to the width of the foundation pit, and the relationship with the pile roughness is small. Under the condition of the same effective pile length, the frictional resistance of the pile after excavation is directly proportional to the depth of the foundation pit and the roughness of the pile, and inversely proportional to the width of the foundation pit.

uplift pile  /  excavation unloading  /  model test  /  normal stress of pile side
王剑, 王际凯, 丁海滨, 孔跃跃. 砂性地层中开挖卸荷条件下抗拔桩承载特性. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (11) : 4743 -4753 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403511
Jian WANG, Ji-kai WANG, Hai-bin DING, Yue-yue KONG. Uplift Bearing Behavior of Pile Foundation in Sandy Foundation Pit[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (11) : 4743 -4753 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403511
考虑到试验一般是在基坑开挖前进行的,因此为模拟实际情况,以“套管”法来扣除开挖面以上的侧摩阻力,进而得到基坑开挖后的桩基极限承载力和变形规律。但由于这种方法忽略了基坑卸荷效应对抗拔桩承载性状的影响[1],使得试验结果存在一定误差,故当开挖卸荷面积较大时,原位试桩结果的准确性尚待考究。
为此,学者们做了大量的研究。在理论研究方面,陈开伦等[2]基于嵌岩抗拔桩现场试验结果,采用图解法对实测荷载-位移曲线进行极限承载力判定取值,并将判定值与实测值进行比较。杨敏等[3]以残余应力法和Mindlin解为基础,研究刚性桩桩体回弹量和桩侧摩阻力分布。王国富等[4]通过对传统西原本构模型进行优化和参数辨识,追踪黄河厚冲积黏土地层中土体卸荷后的非稳定蠕变力学行为特征。
在试验研究方面,Wang[5]等基于现场破坏性试验,采用三种预测模型对完整荷载-位移曲线和极限承载力进行了定量分析和预测,并提出了一种通过非完整荷载-位移曲线确定极限抗拔承载力的方法。Yang等[6]在现场拉拔试验结果基础上,提出了嵌岩扩底短桩的计算模型,并认为桩的极限抗拔承载力等于桩周岩体的抗剪强度。刘义等[7]基于现场试验,总结了循环作用下的抗拔系数与循环位移比的关系,建立了基于循环位移比的桩基础抗拔承载力计算模型。宋琦等[8]利用砂土中扩底抗拔桩的半模型试验,研究了从开始加载到破坏时扩底抗拔桩动态变形全过程。
由上述可知,目前的研究多关注于基坑开挖对抗拔桩侧摩阻力的影响,对于桩侧法向压力涉及较少。与侧摩阻力相较而言,桩侧法向压力可以更直观地体现基坑开挖卸荷对抗拔桩承载特性的影响,且在实际工程中更易获得,因此具有一定研究价值。
基于此,在模型试验结果的基础上,采用小应变硬化土(hardening soil with small strain stiffness, HSS) 模型,通过控制土的内摩角、基坑尺寸、桩侧粗糙度、桩径比等变量,研究基坑开挖后桩的极限抗拔承载力、桩侧摩阻力、桩身轴力和桩的法向应力的变化,继而揭示基坑开挖下抗拔桩承载机理。
本次模型试验采取的几何相似比为 C l=20∶1(原型∶模型),根据相似第三定理,确定其余各参数相似比,具体见表1。现场抗拔桩材料为C30钢筋混凝土。
目前抗拔桩模型试验中,钢管桩与铝管桩因其操作简便、易制作的特点受到广泛的应用[9-14],但不足之处在于桩身材料的性质与原型桩相差较大,使得模型试验不能精确还原原位试验中抗拔桩的受力性质。而水泥砂浆与现场抗拔桩(C30 钢筋砼)的性质相似,且与钢管与铝管相比,制作成本低、桩的弹性模量和桩的形状易控制,故此试验选取水泥砂浆作为桩身材料。借鉴文献[15],确定水泥砂浆的配比为∶砂∶水泥∶生石灰=78∶17∶5(质量百分比)。
本试验所需测量的是抗拔桩在上拔荷载作用下,桩顶位移、桩侧土压力、桩身轴力(应变片测量)等数据,故模型桩模具需要满足以下要求。
(1)桩侧可以放置土压力盒及土压力盒线。
(2)桩侧可以放置应片片和应变片线。
(3)模型桩具有可以施加上拔荷载的构件。
故针对以上要求,设计如图1所示的模具。
模型桩的具体步骤如下:
(1)根据模具的体积和材料配比,计算各项材料用量。
(2)将材料搅拌均匀倒入模具后,放到振动台振捣,防止模型桩出现孔洞和断层。
(3)在浇筑完成2 d后,进行拆模,而后在自然条件下养护28 d,得到可用作试验的模型桩,如图2所示。
考虑到试验存在误差,制作成功的模型桩弹性模量E不一定达到设计要求,故设计如图3所示的试验,进行检验。
模型箱内部空间尺寸设计为1 740 mm×1 740 mm×1 200 mm(长×宽×高)。为了模拟桩的上拔作用,在模型箱的上部设置刚性框架作为施加上拔力的承载体。此外,为施加上拔力,在平行于模型箱的框架中部设置2个定滑轮,如图4所示。
对试验土体进行直剪试验、筛分试验、固结试验及含水率试验以测定其物理力学参数,得到如表2图5所示数据。
为了避免在开挖过程中基坑周围土体发生倒塌,在基坑四周设置围护结构,如图6所示。为了精确地控制基坑开挖的深度,在相应深度位置沿围护结构粘贴一圈白色胶带作为标记。此外,考虑到土体填筑会使模型桩位置发生偏移,故在围护结构内部设置支架。
本次试验主要针对不同基坑尺寸对抗拔桩承载性能的影响进行分析,共6组工况,如表3图7所示。为减少土体开挖过程中的桩土摩擦力对开挖面以上的抗拔桩影响,在未开挖时,将抗拔桩开挖面以上部分以PVC管包裹。
具体试验步骤如图8所示。
图9所示为不同基坑深度下的荷载-位移曲线,桩侧法向应力,其中因桩侧法向应力在极限状态下沿埋深近似呈线性分布,故为便于分析,桩侧法向应力取线性拟合数据。当基坑深度H=0.2、0.4、0.6时,其拟合曲线关系式分别为: y = 1.10 k u x , y = 1.45 k u x , y = 2.06 k u x,其中x代表与基坑开挖面距离,m;y代表法向应力,kPa;ku为未开挖状态下的侧向压力系数,kPa/m。
图9可知,由于基坑开挖深度的增加,桩的有效长度(埋深长度)变小,导致了桩的极限抗拔承载力大幅度衰减。针对本试验而言,当基坑深度H由0.2 m增长为0.4 m(2H)、0.6 m(3H)时,桩的极限抗拔承载力(600 N)分别减小到原有承载力的0.75倍、0.5倍。
基坑开挖卸荷后,基坑开挖面附近的土体应力接近于0,为达到新的平衡,桩周土应力开始重分布,桩侧法向应力开始快速接近未开挖前的状态,最终在一定深度位置处,应力损失接近于0,其中法向应力斜率与基坑深度成正比。
图10为不同基坑宽度下的荷载-位移曲线,桩侧法向应力。
图10可知,随着基坑开挖宽度的增加,桩的极限抗拔承载力出现衰减;当基坑宽度D≥17d(桩径)后,极限抗拔承载力会趋于稳定,不再随基坑开挖宽度的继续增加而衰减; 当基坑的宽度D≥1.0 m时,基坑宽度的方向应力沿埋深近似直线变化,因此用拟合线代替法向应力,进而将开挖后法向应力的变化规律量化。当基坑的宽度D=1.74、1.0 m,其拟合曲线关系式分别为: y = 2.2 k u x , y = 2.06 k u x 由上述可知,当开挖后基坑宽度达到一定值时,法向应力近似沿埋深呈直线分布。
采用Plaxis 3D有限元软件进行建模分析。土体本构选用可以考虑土体在小应变区域内刚度随应变变化的硬化土小应变模型(HSS模型),桩与地连墙采用弹性本构,其具体参数如表4所示。
模型中桩周土体采用10节点单元,模型桩采用实体单元(桩径d=1.0 m),地连墙采用板单元(厚度为1.0 m,插入深度为1倍的开挖深度)。另外,为了控制变量,假设基坑为方形,模型桩位于基坑中央,并保持桩的有效长度L'为定值,折减因子Rinter=0.7,图11为建立的数值模型。
Plaxis 3D有限元软件可以通过设置施工工况对基坑施工的全过程进行模拟,激活相应的地下连续墙板,单元模拟支护结构的影响,冻结土层模拟基坑的开挖。此外为模拟抗拔桩的抗拔作用,在抗拔桩的顶面施加一定的上拔荷载,具体施工如表5所示。
为了验证模型土体参数取值的合理性,将模型试验值通过上文相似关系进行还原,针对模型试验原型及数值模拟中开挖卸荷后的荷载-位移曲线,进行对比分析,结果如图12所示。
针对模型试验原型及数值模拟中开挖卸荷后的桩侧法向应力,进行对比分析,结果如图13所示。
图12图13所示,由模型试验和数值模拟得到的荷载-位移曲线、桩侧法向应力在数值上的差距较小,且数值曲线分布规律能够很好地吻合试验曲线,因此可以认为本文选取的土体参数是合理的。
假设基坑为正方形,基坑宽度D=30 m,抗拔桩位于基坑中央,逐级增加基坑深度,得到不同工况的抗拔单桩承载力(已扣除桩自重),如图14所示。此外,为了研究基坑卸荷效应对桩基承载力造成的损失(桩基承载力损失率),将“套管”法所得承载力与实际值进行对比,继而确定套管法的适用范围。
图14(a)可知,在有效桩长一定时,基坑深度越大,桩极限承载力越高,与“套管法”的误差越大;开挖深度相同时,增加有效桩长有利于提高桩承载力;对比以上两种提高桩基承载力的幅度来看,增加有效桩长的效果最佳;由图14(b)可知,在同一有效桩长条件下,桩极限承载力损失率先随着H/L'的增加而快速减小,而后趋于稳定,这说明随开挖深度增加而变化的桩极限承载力损失率存在一个临界深度,达到这个深度后土体卸载效应变化较小;在相同H/L'条件下,对比不同桩长可发现,同样是增加桩长20 m,桩长50 m与30 m曲线间隔明显小于桩长30 m与10 m曲线间隔,这说明增加桩长虽然可以降低桩基承载力损失率,但这种效果随桩长的增加而缓慢减小,因此不宜无限增加桩长来降低桩基承载力损失率;假定损失率≤0.9为“套管法”的可信范围,对于本工况而言,当L'/d=30时,基坑深度H/L'≤0.4,“套管法”确定的桩基承载力可信,当L'/d=50时,基坑深度H/L'≤1.4,“套管法”确定的桩基承载力可信。
图15所示为不同基坑深度下的抗拔桩桩侧法向应力。
图15可知,桩侧法向应力在桩身某一位置与未开挖状态下的法向应力相等,因此在求解开挖后的法向应力时,需先确定开挖前后法向应力相等时桩身位置。
在文献[16]基础上,将竖向残余法向应力与未开挖前法向初始应力之比定义为残余法向应力系数,绘制出图16
Z'为距基坑底部的距离,H为基坑深度。由图16可知,当基坑深度较小时,在Z'/H相同的条件下,基坑深度越小,残余法向应力系数越小,而当基坑深度较大时,随Z'/H变化的残余法向应力系数曲线不再随着基坑深度而变化,即在Z'/H相同的条件下,残余法向应力系数与基坑深度关系不大,这说明由基坑深度对桩法向应力的影响有临界值的,这与前述基坑深度对桩基承载力的影响相符合。
将残余法向应力系数为0.95时的深度作为残余法向应力影响深度hr,超过该深度认为不产生卸荷效应,因此在求解开挖后的法向应力时,只需求解hr内的法向应力即可。将图16hr汇总,如图17(a)所示,为验证其合理性,添加文献[17]中的卸荷影响深度曲线作为对比(上海软土hr= H 0.0612 H + 0.19,H为基坑深度,hr从基坑底部算起)。
hr范围内的法向应力进行线性拟合( y = k Z ',y为桩侧法向应力, Z '为距坑底的距离),得到的斜率如图17(b)所示。
图17(a)可知,由数值得到的卸荷影响深度曲线与文献[17]中公式所得结果在变化趋势上是一致的,但数值结果偏小,这是因为相较于软土而言,砂土弹性模量更大,土体更加密实稳定,故开挖卸荷对砂土的影响更小。对于于本工况而言,将文献[17]中公式乘以系数0.94得到数值结果的拟合曲线。
图17(b)可知,在hr范围内,当L'=30、50 m时,桩侧法向应力公式分别为 y = ( 0.05 H + 1.52 ) k 0 Z ' , y = ( 0.06 H + 1.55 ) k 0 Z ',其中y为桩侧法向应力, Z '为距坑底的距离,H为基坑深度。
图18所示为不同基坑深度下的抗拔单桩侧摩阻力。
图18可知,开挖卸荷后,土体应力变化发生于开挖面附近一定范围内,当土体离开挖面较远时,应力变化很小,继而出现文中各曲线后段斜率趋于同一条直线的现象。
在开挖面影响范围内,在L'相同条件下,同一埋深处的桩侧摩阻力随着基坑深度的增加而减小,且这一变化幅度与埋深呈负相关;当L'=30、50 m时,在同一基坑深度条件下,桩侧摩阻力沿埋深分布可分为两部分:当埋深较小时,桩侧摩阻力随埋深增加而增长,且增长率较大,当埋深较大时,桩侧摩阻力同样也随埋深增加而增长,但增长率较小。
保持基坑深度H=30 m,基坑宽度D=30 m。为了研究桩土接触面对抗拔单桩受力影响,设置如表6所示的几种工况。
图19所示为不同桩土接触面下的抗拔桩极限承载力(已扣除自重)。
图19可知,随着桩侧粗糙度的增加,桩极限承载力大体上呈线性增长,且增长率与桩长和桩径成正比关系,这说明桩侧粗糙度的增加提高了桩长和桩径对桩极限承载力的贡献率;随着桩侧粗糙度的增加,坑底加载法与套管法的差距逐渐增大,因此如若通过现场(套管法)抗拔试验来确定桩极限承载力,需充分考虑桩侧粗糙度。
图20所示为不同桩土接触面下的抗拔桩桩侧法向应力。
图20可知,随着粗糙度的增加,当埋深位于坑底约20 m以上时,同一埋深处的桩侧法向应力随着桩侧粗糙度的增加而减小,这主要是因为粗糙度的增加增大了桩土界面临界位移,使桩周破坏范围与应力损失增大所导致的,但就总体而言,桩侧法向应力变化较小;桩粗糙度对桩侧法向应力的影响随着桩长和桩径的增加而增大,这说明桩长和桩径对桩侧法向应力的影响与桩粗糙度有关。
图21所示为3组工况下的抗拔单桩侧摩阻力。
图21可知,随着桩粗糙度增加,桩侧法向应力变化幅度较小,而桩侧摩阻力却明显在不断增大,由此可说明通过增加桩粗糙度来提高桩基极限承载力的实质是增加桩土界面摩擦角 δ;桩粗糙度对桩侧摩阻力的影响随着桩长和桩径的增加而增大,这说明桩长和桩径对桩侧摩阻力的影响与桩粗糙度有关。
本文通过模型试验及数值模拟手段针对开挖卸荷条件下抗拔桩的变形及承载特性进行了较为系统的研究,分析就桩周土性质、基坑开挖范围和桩土接触面因素的影响进行了分析和探讨,得到如下主要结论。
(1)由基坑开挖引起的土体应力释放会导致桩侧法向应力的减小,继而造成了提供桩承载力的桩侧摩阻力损失,这就是开挖卸荷条件下抗拔桩承载力的损失机理。根据本文分析可知,基坑开挖的卸荷效应与基坑深度H、宽度D、有效桩长L'(桩覆土深度)、桩侧粗糙度Rinter有关,按影响程度分:L'>H>Rinter>D,在实际工程中可以优先改变影响程度较大的因素以提高桩基承载力的储备能力。
(2)基坑宽度对桩抗拔承载特性的影响存在临界值,当基坑宽度大于临界值时,基坑宽度的增加对抗拔桩承载特性影响较小。
(3)据开挖卸荷条件下抗拔桩承载力的损失机理可知,开挖后的桩侧法向应力的确定对于研究抗拔桩承载力至关重要,根据本文分析可知,在同一有效桩长条件下,开挖后的桩侧法向应力与基坑深度成正比,与基坑宽度成反比,与桩粗糙度的关系较小。
(4)在同一有效桩长条件下,开挖后的桩侧摩阻力与基坑深度、桩的粗糙度成正比,与基坑宽度成反比。
(5)为评价基坑开挖对桩侧法向应力的影响,将开挖后的法向应力与未开挖的法向应力比值作为评价指标,定义为法向应力残余系数,将法向应力残余系数为0.95所对应的与坑底的距离称为卸荷影响深度,在卸荷影响深度以下可忽略卸荷效应,根据本文的数值结果拟合,砂土的卸荷影响深度 0.75 H / ( 0.0612 H + 0.19 ) ( H )
(6)假定极限承载力降低系数≥0.9为“套管法”的可信范围,针对本文而言,在基坑宽度D=30 m、Rinter=0.7条件下,当L'/d=10时,基坑深度H/L'≤0.2,“套管法”确定的桩基承载力可信,当L'/d=30时,基坑深度H/L'≤0.4,“套管法”确定的桩基承载力可信,当L'/d=50时,基坑深度H/L'≤1.4,“套管法”确定的桩基承载力可信,在可信范围外,原位试桩法所得极限承载力需按极限承载力降低系数进行折减。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3009400)
  • 国家自然科学基金重点项目(52238009)
  • 江西省自然科学基金-揭榜挂帅项目(20223BBG71018)
  • 南昌轨道交通集团科研项目(2019HGKYB002)
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2025年第25卷第11期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403511
  • 接收时间:2024-05-13
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-04-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-13
  • 修回日期:2024-08-10
基金
国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3009400)
国家自然科学基金重点项目(52238009)
江西省自然科学基金-揭榜挂帅项目(20223BBG71018)
南昌轨道交通集团科研项目(2019HGKYB002)
作者信息
    1 中铁十四局集团有限公司, 济南 250101
    2 华东交通大学土木建筑学院, 南昌 330013
    3 江西省地下空间技术开发工程研究中心, 南昌 330013

通讯作者:

* 丁海滨(1991—),男,汉族,江西南昌人,博士,副教授。研究方向:地下工程。E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxjsygc/CN/10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403511
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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