Article(id=1149776905940984565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149776900194791454, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404073, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1717171200000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-01, revisedDate=1726588800000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752057776197, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1744905600000, pubDateStr=2025-04-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752057776197, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752057776197, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752057776197, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149776900194791454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='11', pageStart='4397', pageEnd='4826', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752057774827, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456666677, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218558837930512931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149776900194791454, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218558837930512932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149776900194791454, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4574, endPage=4582, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149776906142311158, articleId=1149776905940984565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Analysis of Motion Characteristics of Coil-plate and Double-coil Compound Electromagnetic Repulsion Mechanism, columnId=1156262733675876713, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Electrical Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to meet the requirements of high-voltage DC circuit breakers for rapidity actuation of their actuating mechanisms, a new electromagnetic repulsion mechanism was designed for 40.5 kV vacuum circuit breaker, which had high breaking and closing speeds and was suitable for quick disconnection. It consisted of a coil-plate and a double-coil mechanism connected in series.Firstly, the electromagnetic field simulation was carried out by the finite element method, the feasibility of the mechanism was initially verified by analyzing the electromagnetic repulsion,displacement/time characteristics and velocity/time characteristics. Then, the single-variable method was used to simulate and analyze its motion characteristics. the law of the influence of each parameter on the motion characteristics was obtained, and the optimization parameters were determined. Finally, in order to reduce the tripping bounce of the long-stroke fast electromagnetic repulsion mechanism, an electromagnetic buffer was designed. the effects of buffer current input time and buffer driving circuit parameters on buffer characteristics were analyzed. The results show that the new electromagnetic repulsion mechanism combines the advantages of the fast response of the coil-plate mechanism and the high drive efficiency of the double-coil mechanism,with its short response time, large motion speed and short full stroke time, and meet the need of quick disconnection. Under the parameter conditions of 3 500 μF capacitance and 1 200 V for the driving circuit and buffer circuit capacitance 3 500 μF capacitance and 1 300 V for the buffer circuit, the full travel time of the designedelectromagnetic repulsion mechanism is only 2.18 ms.

, correspAuthors=Tian LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhi-zhong ZHAO, Tian LI, Hai CHEN, Yang LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149776937394070227, articleId=1149776905940984565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=线盘和双线圈复合型电磁斥力机构运动特性分析, columnId=1156262734506353627, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·电工技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了满足高压直流断路器对其操动机构快速性驱动的要求,针对40.5 kV真空断路器设计了一种具有较高分合闸速度并适用于快速开断的新型电磁斥力机构,其由线盘式和双线圈式机构串联而成。首先,运用有限元方法进行电磁场仿真模拟,通过对机构的电磁斥力、位移/时间特性和速度/时间特性分析,初步验证了其可行性;然后,采用单一变量法对其运动特性进行仿真分析,得到了各参数对运动特性影响的规律,确定了优化参数;最后,为了减小快速电磁斥力机构的分闸弹跳,设计了电磁缓冲器,分析了缓冲电流投入时间和缓冲驱动电路参数对缓冲特性的影响。研究表明:新型电磁斥力机构结合了线盘式机构的快速响应和双线圈式机构的较高驱动效率的优点,其响应时间短、运动速度大、全行程时间短,满足快速开断的需求,在驱动电路电容3 500 μF、电压1 200 V,缓冲电路电容3 500 μF、电压1 300 V的参数条件下,设计的电磁斥力机构全行程时间仅有2.18 ms。

, correspAuthors=李天, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 李天(1999—),男,汉族,河北廊坊人,硕士研究生。研究方向:直流断路器。E-mail:
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赵智忠(1965—),男,满族,辽宁大连人,博士,教授。研究方向:智能电器和传感器技术。E-mail:

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赵智忠(1965—),男,满族,辽宁大连人,博士,教授。研究方向:智能电器和传感器技术。E-mail:

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赵智忠(1965—),男,满族,辽宁大连人,博士,教授。研究方向:智能电器和传感器技术。E-mail:

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Initial parameters of new electromagnetic repulsion mechanism

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
线盘式斥力
机构部分
线圈材料
线圈内半径RC1/mm 30
线圈外半径RC2/mm 90
线圈绕线高度HC1/mm 10
线圈绕线厚度HC2/mm 1
线圈匝数NC1 30
斥力盘材料
斥力盘厚度HS1/mm 10
斥力盘内半径RS1/mm 30
斥力盘外半径RS2/mm 90
线圈与斥力盘初始间隙δ1/mm 1
电容容量C1/μF 3 500
预充电压U1/V 1 200
双线圈式斥
力机构部分
线圈材料
线圈内半径RC3/mm 30
线圈外半径RC4/mm 90
线圈绕线高度HC3/mm 10
线圈绕线厚度HC4/mm 1
线圈匝数NC2 30
动静线圈初始间隙δ2/mm 1
电容容量C2/μF 3 500
预充电压U2/V 1 200
), ArticleFig(id=1233842769744163672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776905940984565, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

新型电磁斥力机构初始参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
线盘式斥力
机构部分
线圈材料
线圈内半径RC1/mm 30
线圈外半径RC2/mm 90
线圈绕线高度HC1/mm 10
线圈绕线厚度HC2/mm 1
线圈匝数NC1 30
斥力盘材料
斥力盘厚度HS1/mm 10
斥力盘内半径RS1/mm 30
斥力盘外半径RS2/mm 90
线圈与斥力盘初始间隙δ1/mm 1
电容容量C1/μF 3 500
预充电压U1/V 1 200
双线圈式斥
力机构部分
线圈材料
线圈内半径RC3/mm 30
线圈外半径RC4/mm 90
线圈绕线高度HC3/mm 10
线圈绕线厚度HC4/mm 1
线圈匝数NC2 30
动静线圈初始间隙δ2/mm 1
电容容量C2/μF 3 500
预充电压U2/V 1 200
), ArticleFig(id=1233842769861604187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776905940984565, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of performance parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
对比参数 线盘式 双线圈式 新型机构
全行程时间/ms 3.33 2.88 2.2
斥力峰值/kN 74.75 55.69 121.63
峰值速度/(m·s-1) 6.84 8.45 11.34
可动部分质量/kg 5.22 4.23 6.25
运动部件动能/J 122.11 151.02 401.86
能量转换效率/% 4.85 5.99 7.97
), ArticleFig(id=1233842769937101661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776905940984565, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

性能参数对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
对比参数 线盘式 双线圈式 新型机构
全行程时间/ms 3.33 2.88 2.2
斥力峰值/kN 74.75 55.69 121.63
峰值速度/(m·s-1) 6.84 8.45 11.34
可动部分质量/kg 5.22 4.23 6.25
运动部件动能/J 122.11 151.02 401.86
能量转换效率/% 4.85 5.99 7.97
), ArticleFig(id=1233842770037764960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776905940984565, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Influence of different coil turns

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
匝数 斥力盘半径改变 斥力盘半径不变
斥力峰
值/kN
峰值速度/
(m·s-1)
前3 ms
位移/mm
斥力峰
值/kN
峰值速度/
(m·s-1)
前3 ms
位移/mm
30 70.05 8.3 21.52 70.05 8.3 21.52
32 69.46 8.53 21.93 68.91 8.74 22.47
34 72.38 8.72 22.19 66.36 9.07 22.97
36 68.59 8.88 22.39 62.44 9.31 23.22
38 68.32 8.99 22.47 58.49 9.43 23.16
40 68.18 9.08 22.45 52.23 9.57 22.98
), ArticleFig(id=1233842770121651043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776905940984565, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同线圈匝数的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
匝数 斥力盘半径改变 斥力盘半径不变
斥力峰
值/kN
峰值速度/
(m·s-1)
前3 ms
位移/mm
斥力峰
值/kN
峰值速度/
(m·s-1)
前3 ms
位移/mm
30 70.05 8.3 21.52 70.05 8.3 21.52
32 69.46 8.53 21.93 68.91 8.74 22.47
34 72.38 8.72 22.19 66.36 9.07 22.97
36 68.59 8.88 22.39 62.44 9.31 23.22
38 68.32 8.99 22.47 58.49 9.43 23.16
40 68.18 9.08 22.45 52.23 9.57 22.98
), ArticleFig(id=1233842770209731430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776905940984565, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effect of different initial intervals on kinematic properties

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初始
间隔/mm
电磁斥力
峰值/kN
峰值速度/
(m·s-1)
全行程
时间/ms
21 121.6 14.15 1.88
26 122.6 14.26 1.87
31 122.9 14.33 1.86
), ArticleFig(id=1233842770306200425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776905940984565, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同初始间隔对运动特性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
初始
间隔/mm
电磁斥力
峰值/kN
峰值速度/
(m·s-1)
全行程
时间/ms
21 121.6 14.15 1.88
26 122.6 14.26 1.87
31 122.9 14.33 1.86
), ArticleFig(id=1233842770385892204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776905940984565, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Structural optimization

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参数 初始值 优化值 变化量
线盘式
斥力机
构部分
线圈材料
线圈内半径RC1/mm 30 30 0
线圈外半径RC2/mm 90 93.8 3.8
线圈绕线高度HC1/mm 10 8 -2
线圈绕线厚度HC2/mm 1 0.8 -0.2
线圈匝数NC1 30 36 6
斥力盘材料
斥力盘厚度HS1/mm 10 8 -2
斥力盘内半径RS1/mm 30 30 0
斥力盘外半径RS2/mm 90 87 -3
线圈与斥力盘初始间隙δ1/mm 1 1 0
电容容量C1/μF 3 500 3 500 0
预充电压U1/V 1 200 1 200 0
双线圈
式斥力
机构部
线圈材料
线圈内半径RC3/mm 30 30 0
线圈外半径RC4/mm 90 90 0
线圈绕线高度HC3/mm 10 4 -6
线圈绕线厚度HC4/mm 1 1.5 0.5
线圈匝数NC2 30 30 0
动静线圈初始间隙δ2/mm 1 1 0
电容容量C2/μF 3 500 3 500 0
预充电压U2/V 1 200 1 200 0
可动部分总质量m3/kg 6.25 5.31 -0.94
两机构的初始间隔S1/mm 21 21 0
), ArticleFig(id=1233842770453001071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776905940984565, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

结构优化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 初始值 优化值 变化量
线盘式
斥力机
构部分
线圈材料
线圈内半径RC1/mm 30 30 0
线圈外半径RC2/mm 90 93.8 3.8
线圈绕线高度HC1/mm 10 8 -2
线圈绕线厚度HC2/mm 1 0.8 -0.2
线圈匝数NC1 30 36 6
斥力盘材料
斥力盘厚度HS1/mm 10 8 -2
斥力盘内半径RS1/mm 30 30 0
斥力盘外半径RS2/mm 90 87 -3
线圈与斥力盘初始间隙δ1/mm 1 1 0
电容容量C1/μF 3 500 3 500 0
预充电压U1/V 1 200 1 200 0
双线圈
式斥力
机构部
线圈材料
线圈内半径RC3/mm 30 30 0
线圈外半径RC4/mm 90 90 0
线圈绕线高度HC3/mm 10 4 -6
线圈绕线厚度HC4/mm 1 1.5 0.5
线圈匝数NC2 30 30 0
动静线圈初始间隙δ2/mm 1 1 0
电容容量C2/μF 3 500 3 500 0
预充电压U2/V 1 200 1 200 0
可动部分总质量m3/kg 6.25 5.31 -0.94
两机构的初始间隔S1/mm 21 21 0
), ArticleFig(id=1233842770562052978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776905940984565, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Performance comparison of new repulsion mechanism before and after optimization

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 斥力峰
值/kN
末速度/
(m·s-1)
全行程
时间/ms
能量转换
效率/%
运动部件
动能/J
初始值 121.6 11.34 2.2 7.97 401.86
优化值 121.6 14.15 1.88 10.55 531.89
性能提升/% 0 24.7 14.5 34.6 32.3
), ArticleFig(id=1233842770637550453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776905940984565, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

新型斥力机构优化前后性能对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 斥力峰
值/kN
末速度/
(m·s-1)
全行程
时间/ms
能量转换
效率/%
运动部件
动能/J
初始值 121.6 11.34 2.2 7.97 401.86
优化值 121.6 14.15 1.88 10.55 531.89
性能提升/% 0 24.7 14.5 34.6 32.3
), ArticleFig(id=1233842770729825144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776905940984565, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Influence of buffer circuit parameters

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预充电压/V 斥力峰值/kN 末速度/(m·s-1) 全行程时间/ms
1 100 64.85 7.79 2.06
1 200 75.29 6.5 2.1
1 300 86.13 4.94 2.18
1 400 97.49 3.27 2.32
1 500 109.19 1.71 2.7
电容容量/μF 斥力峰值/kN 末速度/(m·s-1) 全行程时间/ms
2 500 68.29 7.52 2.08
3 000 77.78 6.25 2.12
3 500 86.85 5.02 2.18
4 000 93.45 3.68 2.24
4 500 99.82 2.29 2.34
), ArticleFig(id=1233842772181054331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776905940984565, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

缓冲电路参数的影响

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预充电压/V 斥力峰值/kN 末速度/(m·s-1) 全行程时间/ms
1 100 64.85 7.79 2.06
1 200 75.29 6.5 2.1
1 300 86.13 4.94 2.18
1 400 97.49 3.27 2.32
1 500 109.19 1.71 2.7
电容容量/μF 斥力峰值/kN 末速度/(m·s-1) 全行程时间/ms
2 500 68.29 7.52 2.08
3 000 77.78 6.25 2.12
3 500 86.85 5.02 2.18
4 000 93.45 3.68 2.24
4 500 99.82 2.29 2.34
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线盘和双线圈复合型电磁斥力机构运动特性分析
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赵智忠 1, 2 , 李天 1, 2, * , 陈海 1, 2 , 刘阳 3
科学技术与工程 | 论文·电工技术 2025,25(11): 4574-4582
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·电工技术 2025, 25(11): 4574-4582
线盘和双线圈复合型电磁斥力机构运动特性分析
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赵智忠1, 2 , 李天1, 2, * , 陈海1, 2, 刘阳3
作者信息
  • 1 河北工业大学, 省部共建电工装备可靠性与智能化国家重点实验室, 天津 300401
  • 2 河北省现代电工装备可靠性与智能化国际联合研究中心, 天津 300401
  • 3 中国能源建设集团天津电力设计院有限公司, 天津 300180
  • 赵智忠(1965—),男,满族,辽宁大连人,博士,教授。研究方向:智能电器和传感器技术。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 李天(1999—),男,汉族,河北廊坊人,硕士研究生。研究方向:直流断路器。E-mail:
Analysis of Motion Characteristics of Coil-plate and Double-coil Compound Electromagnetic Repulsion Mechanism
Zhi-zhong ZHAO1, 2 , Tian LI1, 2, * , Hai CHEN1, 2, Yang LIU3
Affiliations
  • 1 State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
  • 2 Hebei International Joint Research Center for Reliability and Intelligence of Modern Electrical Equipment, Tianjin 300401, China
  • 3 China Energy Construction Group Tianjin Electric Power Design Institute Limited Company, Tianjin 300180, China
出版时间: 2025-04-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404073
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为了满足高压直流断路器对其操动机构快速性驱动的要求,针对40.5 kV真空断路器设计了一种具有较高分合闸速度并适用于快速开断的新型电磁斥力机构,其由线盘式和双线圈式机构串联而成。首先,运用有限元方法进行电磁场仿真模拟,通过对机构的电磁斥力、位移/时间特性和速度/时间特性分析,初步验证了其可行性;然后,采用单一变量法对其运动特性进行仿真分析,得到了各参数对运动特性影响的规律,确定了优化参数;最后,为了减小快速电磁斥力机构的分闸弹跳,设计了电磁缓冲器,分析了缓冲电流投入时间和缓冲驱动电路参数对缓冲特性的影响。研究表明:新型电磁斥力机构结合了线盘式机构的快速响应和双线圈式机构的较高驱动效率的优点,其响应时间短、运动速度大、全行程时间短,满足快速开断的需求,在驱动电路电容3 500 μF、电压1 200 V,缓冲电路电容3 500 μF、电压1 300 V的参数条件下,设计的电磁斥力机构全行程时间仅有2.18 ms。

直流断路器  /  电磁斥力机构  /  快速开断  /  运动特性  /  参数优化  /  电磁缓冲器

In order to meet the requirements of high-voltage DC circuit breakers for rapidity actuation of their actuating mechanisms, a new electromagnetic repulsion mechanism was designed for 40.5 kV vacuum circuit breaker, which had high breaking and closing speeds and was suitable for quick disconnection. It consisted of a coil-plate and a double-coil mechanism connected in series.Firstly, the electromagnetic field simulation was carried out by the finite element method, the feasibility of the mechanism was initially verified by analyzing the electromagnetic repulsion,displacement/time characteristics and velocity/time characteristics. Then, the single-variable method was used to simulate and analyze its motion characteristics. the law of the influence of each parameter on the motion characteristics was obtained, and the optimization parameters were determined. Finally, in order to reduce the tripping bounce of the long-stroke fast electromagnetic repulsion mechanism, an electromagnetic buffer was designed. the effects of buffer current input time and buffer driving circuit parameters on buffer characteristics were analyzed. The results show that the new electromagnetic repulsion mechanism combines the advantages of the fast response of the coil-plate mechanism and the high drive efficiency of the double-coil mechanism,with its short response time, large motion speed and short full stroke time, and meet the need of quick disconnection. Under the parameter conditions of 3 500 μF capacitance and 1 200 V for the driving circuit and buffer circuit capacitance 3 500 μF capacitance and 1 300 V for the buffer circuit, the full travel time of the designedelectromagnetic repulsion mechanism is only 2.18 ms.

DC circuit breaker  /  electromagnetic repulsion mechanism  /  quick disconnection  /  motion characteristics  /  parameter optimization  /  electromagnetic buffer
赵智忠, 李天, 陈海, 刘阳. 线盘和双线圈复合型电磁斥力机构运动特性分析. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (11) : 4574 -4582 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404073
Zhi-zhong ZHAO, Tian LI, Hai CHEN, Yang LIU. Analysis of Motion Characteristics of Coil-plate and Double-coil Compound Electromagnetic Repulsion Mechanism[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (11) : 4574 -4582 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404073
近年来,随着新能源电网大规模互联、远距离大容量输电的需求,柔性高压直流输电得到了快速的发展[1-3]。高压直流断路器作为输电系统的关键设备之一,其开断能力在系统开断时起着决定性作用[4-6]。在实际应用中,往往要求高压直流断路器能在几毫秒内完成开断[7-8]。因此,研制响应时间短、动作速度大的操动机构对高压直流断路器的发展十分重要。
电磁斥力机构能很好地满足速动性的要求,因而得到了广泛应用[9-10]。电磁斥力机构在结构上可分为3种,分别是线盘式、双线圈式和螺线管式。近年来,国内外对电磁斥力机构的研究主要集中在运动特性分析[11-12]、结构强度分析[13-14]、多物理场耦合[15-16]等方面。
文献[17]提出了一种双向线盘式电磁斥力机构,充分利用了驱动线圈上下两侧产生的磁场,实现了双向驱动,全行程20 mm开断时间为2.27 ms,但与其结构相适配的断路器研究尚不成熟。文献[18]对双线圈式电磁斥力机构的结构进行了改进,通过双层线圈的结构来产生更大的电磁力,以达到提高机构开断速度的目的,但并未进行相应缓冲措施的研究。文献[19]提出了一种增强型三线圈电磁斥力机构,通过合闸线圈对运动线圈产生的电磁吸力,进一步提高了机构的开断能力,2 ms可以完成25 mm行程,但所产生电磁斥力峰值较大,增加了机构对结构强度的要求。文献[20-22]对传统的线盘式、双线圈式电磁斥力机构的运动特性进行了仿真与对比分析,结果表明两种传统机构均适用于短行程驱动,线盘式机构响应时间短、斥力峰值大、电磁利用率低;双线圈式机构响应时间略长、斥力峰值较小、电磁利用率高。
由此可知,线盘式和双线圈式机构均适用于短行程驱动并各有优缺点,然而目前都是对线盘式或者双线圈式机构进行单独研究分析,并没有将两种机构进行结合,应用于短行程驱动中的研究。
此外,电磁斥力机构具有较大的运动质量和运动速度,如果不采取有效的缓冲措施,会产生较大的冲击和弹跳,对断路器的可靠性造成影响[23-25]。文献[26-27]对不同缓冲方式的缓冲效果进行了对比分析,结果表明电磁缓冲具有良好的缓冲效果与优势,并通过有限元仿真分析方法,得出了缓冲电路参数对缓冲效果的影响规律。
综上所述,为了进一步提高电磁斥力机构的开断速度、优化其运动特性、缩短其全行程时间,将线盘式和双线圈式电磁斥力机构进行结合,提出一种线盘和双线圈复合型电磁斥力机构,其能够充分利用线盘式和双线圈式电磁斥力机构各自的优点,实现更加快速的开断。首先对新型电磁斥力机构的结构与原理进行分析,建立数学模型和仿真模型,对其运动特性与优势进行分析;仿真分析结构参数、驱动电路参数对运动特性的影响,通过有限元分析方法对新型电磁斥力机构进行了参数优化与电磁缓冲设计。提出一种快速电磁斥力机构的新设计方法。
新型电磁斥力机构由固定线圈1、斥力盘、固定线圈2、运动线圈以及驱动电路组成。其中,驱动电路包括放电电容C1C2,大功率晶闸管VT1、VT2,和续流二极管VD1、VD2。斥力盘和运动线圈与同一根传动杆相连。其基本结构如图1所示。
其工作原理如下:两组驱动电路分别向线盘式和双线圈式斥力机构放电,其中固定线圈1中会流过电流并在周围产生交变磁场,斥力盘中感应出涡流并产生电磁斥力。同时固定线圈2与运动线圈中流过大小相等、方向相反的电流并产生电磁斥力。线盘式、双线圈式斥力机构所产生的两部分电磁力会通过一根传动杆所结合。因此,新型斥力机构综合了两种斥力机构的优点,其电磁斥力峰值大、响应时间短、运动速度快,能很好地满足快速开断的要求。
电磁斥力机构通常和真空灭弧室搭配使用,本文所设计的电磁斥力机构与40.5 kV真空灭弧室进行搭配使用,触头开距为20 mm。
新型电磁斥力机构由线盘式与双线圈式斥力机构串联而成,线盘式与双线圈式斥力机构的原理相似,以线盘式斥力机构为例,其等效电路图如图2所示:C1为固定线圈1的驱动电容,R1L1分别为驱动电容的寄生电阻及寄生电感,R2R3L2L3分别为固定线圈1和斥力盘的电阻及电感、M1为固定线圈1和斥力盘之间的互感,VD1为续流二极管,VT1为晶闸管。
根据能量守恒定理可知:电容中存储的总能量dW最终会转换为磁场变化能量dE、斥力机构的热量损耗dQ、机械做功dT,即
dW=dE+dQ+dT
其中磁场变化能量为
E= 1 2 i 1 2L1+ 1 2 i 2 2L3+i1i2M1
式(2)中:i1为固定线圈1中流过的电流;i2为斥力盘中的感应电流。
斥力机构的热量损耗为
dQ= i 1 2R1dt+ i 2 2R3dt
储能电容中存储的总能量为
dW=u1i1dt+u2i2dt
式(4)中:u1为固定线圈1中的电压;u2为斥力盘中的电压。
对式(2)求微分后代入式(1)中,将式(3)代入式(1)中,得到斥力盘的电磁斥力表达式为
F1= i 1 i 2 d M 1 d Z 1
式(5)中:F1为斥力盘的电磁斥力;Z1为固定线圈1与斥力盘之间的距离。
同理,双线圈式斥力机构中运动线圈所受的电磁斥力为
F2= i 3 d M 2 d Z 2
式(6)中:F2为运动线圈的电磁斥力;i3为流过双线圈式斥力机构动静线圈的电流;M2为双线圈式斥力机构动静线圈之间的互感;Z2为固定线圈2与运动线圈之间的距离。
因此,新型斥力机构的电磁斥力表达式为
F= i 1 i 2 d M 1 d Z 1+ i 3 d M 2 d Z 2
式(7)中:F为新型斥力机构的电磁斥力。
采用传统的分析方法对电磁斥力机构进行分析十分困难,因为其运动过程十分复杂,包含了放电、电磁感应和机械运动。因此,本文中采用ANSYS Maxwell搭建二维电磁场仿真模型,如图3所示。
首先分析了新型电磁斥力机构的运动特性,对其优势进行了对比分析,验证了其应用到快速开断中的可行性。新型电磁斥力机构由线盘式和双线圈式电磁斥力机构结合而成,为了简化新型电磁斥力机构的运动特性分析与参数优化过程,并通过对比分析不同参数对运动特性的影响来确定优化参数,在第3.2节、3.3节分别对线盘式、双线圈式机构进行运动特性分析与参数优化。
为了验证新型电磁斥力机构应用到快速开断中的可行性和优势,在保持对应参数相同的情况下,对比分析了新型电磁斥力机构与传统电磁斥力机构的运动特性。新型电磁斥力机构的初始参数如表1所示。新型电磁斥力机构与传统电磁斥力机构的运动特性对比如图4所示,性能参数对比如表2所示。
根据图4(a)图4(b)可知,线盘式机构的电磁斥力和线圈电流具有较大的上升率和峰值,但是电磁斥力作用时间较短,仅有1 ms左右;双线圈式机构的电磁斥力和线圈电流的上升率略小、峰值较小,但电磁斥力的作用时间较长,为1.5 ms左右;新型斥力机构所受斥力基本上为线盘式、双线圈式机构产生斥力的结合,电磁斥力和线圈电流的上升率与峰值更大,且电磁斥力作用时间为1.5 ms左右。
根据图4(c)图4(d)可知,与传统的线盘式、双线圈式机构相比,新型斥力机构具有更大的速度上升率与峰值速度、更快的位移变化。根据表2可知,新型斥力机构所受电磁斥力峰值略小于线盘式、双线圈式斥力机构所受电磁斥力峰值的叠加,但新型斥力机构的峰值速度、全行程时间、能量转换效率均优于线盘式与双线圈式斥力机构。在保持对应结构参数与驱动电路参数相同的情况下,与线盘式斥力机构相比,峰值速度由6.84 m/s增加到了11.34 m/s,全行程时间由3.33 ms缩短为2.2 ms,能量转换效率由4.85%提升到了7.97%。
由此可知,与传统的线盘式、双线圈式机构相比,新型斥力机构能够更好地满足快速开断的要求,响应时间短,初始速度与末速度大,在进行参数优化之前,全行程时间仅有2.2 ms。
线盘式电磁斥力机构的参数从结构上可分为线圈参数与斥力盘参数。此外,驱动电路参数也会对斥力机构运动特性造成影响。
影响斥力机构运动特性的线圈参数主要为线圈绕组高度、宽度与线圈的轴向匝数,图5图6以及表3分别为各线圈参数对斥力机构运动特性的影响。
图5可知,线圈高度从3 mm增加到6 mm,电磁斥力与位移会有较大提升。当线圈高度再增加时,电磁斥力与位移变化很小,并在线圈高度为8 mm时达到最大值。这是由于当线圈高度较小时,线圈电阻为主要影响因素,当线圈高度较大时,集肤效应为主要影响因素。
在考虑线圈宽度的影响时,保持斥力盘与线圈盘的外半径相同,运动部分质量会随之变化图6可知,当线圈宽度从0.5 mm增加到1 mm时,电磁斥力与位移均会增加,并在0.8 mm时达到最大值;当线圈宽度由1 mm增加到2.5 mm时,由于运动部分质量的进一步增加,斥力机构的运动特性并没有随着电磁斥力的增加而提升。综上所述,在满足制造条件的情况下,选取线圈高度为8 mm、线圈宽度为0.8 mm。
表3所示,在考虑线圈匝数的影响时,可以分为两种情况。一种是保持斥力盘与线圈盘的外半径相同,斥力机构的电磁斥力峰值、峰值速度、位移受线圈匝数的影响较小,运动特性的提升很弱;另一种是保持斥力盘外半径不变,电磁斥力峰值与峰值速度随着线圈匝数的增加分别逐渐减小与增大。随匝数的增加,位移先增大后减小,并在36匝时达到最大值。综上所述,线圈匝数选为36匝,保持斥力盘外径不变。
斥力盘厚度与斥力盘外半径对斥力机构运动特性的影响分别如图7图8所示。由图7可知,当斥力盘厚度大于6 mm并继续增加时,电磁斥力基本不变,这是由于集肤效应的影响。但运动部分质量会随斥力盘厚度的增加而变大,从而导致斥力机构的位移和峰值速度减小。此外,考虑到斥力盘应具备一定的机械强度,斥力盘厚度不宜过小,应大于8 mm。
图8可知,随着斥力盘外径的增加,电磁斥力峰值先增大后几乎不变,这是由于当外径较大时,斥力盘中的磁场已经趋于饱和,所以电磁斥力提升很小。此外,在斥力盘外径增加的过程中,斥力机构运动部分质量也会随之增加,所以其位移会先增大后减小,在87 mm时达到最大值。综上所述,斥力盘厚度选取为8 mm,外半径选取为87 mm。
电磁斥力机构所产生斥力的根源为放电电流,电容容量与预充电压的变化均会导致放电电流的变化,从而影响到电磁斥力机构所产生的电磁力,进而对电磁斥力机构的运动特性造成影响,两者对斥力机构运动特性的影响分别如图9图10所示。
电容容量与预充电压的增加均会使电磁斥力峰值增加,此外,电容容量的增加会使电磁斥力作用时间增加。两者相比,增大预充电压对斥力机构运动特性的影响更为显著。电压每增加200 V,电磁斥力峰值提升20 kN左右,前3 ms内的平均速度提高约2 m/s。同时,电容体积也会随着电容能量的增加而变大。此外,考虑机械强度方面,斥力机构的电磁斥力不宜过大。综上所述,驱动电容选取为3 500 μF,预充电压选取为1 200 V。
文献[28-29]已经对双线圈式斥力机构的结构参数进行了详细的分析。文献[28]对双线圈式斥力机构的线圈绕组高度、宽度、线圈匝数对运动特性的影响做了详细分析,并得出结论:随着各个结构参数的增大,双线圈式斥力机构的电磁斥力峰值和速度会先增大后减小。文献[29]研究表明,双线圈式斥力机构的动静线圈间隙越小,运动特性越好,因此,在满足制造条件的情况下,间隙应该尽量小。
在文献[28-29]的上述研究基础上,对其各参数对机构运动特性的影响进行了仿真验证,结果一致。因此,选取动静线圈间隙为1 mm、线圈绕组高度为4 mm、宽度为1.5 mm、线圈匝数为30匝、驱动电路电容容量为3 500 μF、预充电压为1 200 V。
新型电磁斥力机构是由线盘式与双线圈式电磁斥力机构串联而成,在运动后期,斥力盘与固定线圈2之间的距离会逐渐减小,受固定线圈2的影响,斥力盘会受到与运动方向相反的力,从而影响斥力机构的运动特性。两机构之间初始间隔(斥力盘与固定线圈2之间的初始间隔)对运动特性的影响如表4所示。
表4可知,两机构之间初始间隔的变化对机构的运动特性会有一定的影响,但影响很小。这是由于在运动后期,电容基本放电完成,两机构之间的相互影响很微弱,几乎可以忽略不计。同时,在结构设计上,应该尽量紧凑,减小机构的体积。综上所述,两机构之间初始间隔选取为21 mm。
由上述分析,新型斥力机构的各项优化参数如表5所示。优化前后新型斥力机构的运动特性如图11所示,优化前后新型斥力机构性能对比如表6所示。
图11表6可知,进行参数优化后的新型斥力机构具有更好的运动特性,电磁斥力峰值几乎不变,但峰值速度增大了2.81 m/s,运动部件动能与能量转换效率均得到明显提升,全行程时间由2.2 ms缩短到1.88 ms。
本文中设计的新型电磁斥力机构在分闸末期具有较大的运动速度,达到了14.15 m/s,为了防止对斥力机构产生过大的冲击,对其进行缓冲装置的设计,减小其末速度至关重要。本文中采取电磁缓冲,其响应时间短,缓冲效果好。在分闸中后期,缓冲线圈和运动线圈会产生方向相反的电磁力,以达到减速的效果。电磁缓冲的仿真模型如图12所示。缓冲线圈的结构参数与运动线圈保持一致。
在不施加电磁缓冲时,新型斥力机构的总行程时间为1.88 ms。不同的缓冲电流投入时间对缓冲特性的影响如图13所示。若在分闸开始后1.2、1.3、1.4和1.5 ms时分别投入缓冲电流,随着投入时间的增加,缓冲电磁斥力峰值会逐渐增加,但缓冲作用时间会变短,分闸末速度随之变大,缓冲效果不好。同时,考虑到机构的结构强度,所受缓冲斥力不宜过大。综合考虑,确定缓冲电流投入时间为1.2 ms。
缓冲驱动电路预充电压、电容容量对缓冲特性的影响如表7所示,随着预充电压和电容容量的增加,缓冲斥力峰值会逐渐增大,分闸末速度会逐渐减小。当预充电压和电容容量过小时,分闸末速度较大,缓冲效果不明显;当两者的值过大时,分闸末速度会变为负值,斥力机构会反向运动,导致分闸失败,过大的缓冲斥力也会提高斥力机构对机械强度的要求。综上所述,缓冲驱动电路电容容量选为3 500 μF,预充电压选为1 300 V,在设计了电磁缓冲的条件下,新型斥力机构分闸末速度为4.94 m/s,全行程时间为2.18 ms。
为了简化仿真分析过程,本文中未考虑铁磁材料外壳的作用。实际上,铁磁材料外壳有利于减小磁场损耗,提高电磁斥力机构的磁性能。
(1)分析了新型电磁斥力机构的运动特性与优势,验证了其应用到快速开断中的可行性。结果表明:与传统电磁斥力机构相比,新型电磁斥力机构具有更好的运动特性,其响应时间更短,运动速度更快,能更好地满足快速开断的要求。
(2)对影响新型电磁斥力机构运动特性的结构参数与驱动电路参数进行了仿真分析,并确定了各参数的优化值。结果表明:随着各个结构参数的增大,电磁斥力机构的运动特性先提升后降低;驱动电路参数对电磁斥力机构运动特性的影响很明显,随着电容容量和预充电压的增大,电磁斥力机构的运动特性会逐渐优化。
(3)设计了电磁缓冲器,对影响缓冲效果的参数进行了仿真分析,并确定了缓冲参数优化值。在采取电磁缓冲的情况下,新型电磁斥力机构分闸末速度为4.94 m/s,全行程20 mm时间为2.18 ms,能很好地满足速动性的需求。提出的线盘和双线圈复合型电磁斥力机构,能够实现40.5 kV 真空断路器的快速开断。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(52177139)
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2025年第25卷第11期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404073
  • 接收时间:2024-06-01
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-04-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-01
  • 修回日期:2024-09-18
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52177139)
作者信息
    1 河北工业大学, 省部共建电工装备可靠性与智能化国家重点实验室, 天津 300401
    2 河北省现代电工装备可靠性与智能化国际联合研究中心, 天津 300401
    3 中国能源建设集团天津电力设计院有限公司, 天津 300180

通讯作者:

* 李天(1999—),男,汉族,河北廊坊人,硕士研究生。研究方向:直流断路器。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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