Article(id=1149776903491511017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149776900194791454, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403518, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1715529600000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-13, revisedDate=1722441600000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-01, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752057775613, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1744905600000, pubDateStr=2025-04-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752057775613, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752057775613, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752057775613, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149776900194791454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='11', pageStart='4397', pageEnd='4826', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752057774827, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456666677, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218558837930512931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149776900194791454, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218558837930512932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149776900194791454, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4459, endPage=4466, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149776903713809131, articleId=1149776903491511017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Damping Plate Enhanced Oscillating Water Column Buoys: Theory and Simulation for Wave Energy Harvesting, columnId=1156262729351549255, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Astronomy and Geosciences, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The oscillating water column buoy utilizes wave energy by channelling waves into an air chamber, inducing oscillations within the water column. However, wave impact also causes buoy oscillation and rocking, which reduces the relative water column displacement. To address this, a double-layer concave damping plate with a weight-enhancing ring was implemented to stabilize buoy movement. A double-concave damping plate with a weight-enhancing ring was used to inhibit the movement of the floating buoy and increase the pressure of the air chamber. Based on the small amplitude wave theory and Newton's second law, a theoretical model was developed to analyze wave energy capture by the damping plate-enhanced oscillating water column buoy, calculating buoy oscillations and air chamber pressure characteristics. The finite element simulations, conducted using AQWA software, replicated the wave-induced hydrodynamic effects on the buoy. Air chamber pressure was simulated via Fluent software's fluid volume method and open channel wave-making method, and the model's accuracy was validated against theoretical calculations. The simulation results show how effective the damping plate is in limiting buoy motion, raising mass and buoy inertia, and improving water column stability in the air chamber. The theoretical calculation of the air chamber air pressure parameters provides a basis for the design of the damping plate oscillating water column buoy wave energy harvesting system and the green low-carbon energy conversion structure.

, correspAuthors=Xiao-zhen DU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiao-zhen DU, Wen-xiu WANG, Dong-xing GUO, Chi-cheng LI, Xiao-tong LIU, Kai-yuan FAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149776927998828690, articleId=1149776903491511017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=阻尼板增强振荡水柱式浮标波浪能采集理论与仿真分析, columnId=1156262730077163858, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·天文学、地球科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

波浪进入浮标中空气室形成振荡水柱捕获波浪能,同时浮标受到波浪冲击作用产生垂荡和摇晃,削弱水柱相对位移。采用含增重环的双层凹面阻尼板抑制浮标运动和增强气室压强。基于微振幅波理论和牛顿第二定律推导阻尼板增强振荡水柱式浮标波浪能采集理论模型,计算浮标垂荡位移和气室空气压强特性。借助AQWA软件建立阻尼板和振荡水柱浮标有限元仿真模拟,模拟波浪对浮标水动力影响。采用Fluent软件的流体体积方法和明渠造波方法实现了气室压强仿真并与理论计算比较,验证模型的准确性。仿真结果表明阻尼板可有效增加附加质量和浮标惯性,抑制浮标运动,从而提升气室水柱的相对运动。理论计算气室空气压强参数,为阻尼板振荡水柱式浮标波浪能采集系统和绿色低碳能源转换结构设计提供基础。

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杜小振(1978—),男,汉族,河南南阳人,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。研究方向:海洋能发电技术。E-mail:

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杜小振(1978—),男,汉族,河南南阳人,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。研究方向:海洋能发电技术。E-mail:

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杜小振(1978—),男,汉族,河南南阳人,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。研究方向:海洋能发电技术。E-mail:

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label=图8, caption=气室相对压强随周期的变化, figureFileSmall=BTzx3c3SMVTCcQmg3pESow==, figureFileBig=ew2CHnTqgwxQktTAvFlp/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233842765197538023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776903491511017, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Four types of damping plate parameters

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底部形状 半径/m 总高/m 吃水
深度/m
水线面
面积/m2
总体质
量/kg
无阻尼板型 0.76 2.97 1.48 0.55 600
圆形阻尼板型 0.76 2.97 1.48 0.55 600
双层凹面阻尼
板型(无增重环)
0.76 2.97 1.48 0.55 600
双层凹面阻尼
板型(含增重环)
0.76 2.97 1.48 0.55 750
), ArticleFig(id=1233842765277229801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776903491511017, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

4种阻尼板参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
底部形状 半径/m 总高/m 吃水
深度/m
水线面
面积/m2
总体质
量/kg
无阻尼板型 0.76 2.97 1.48 0.55 600
圆形阻尼板型 0.76 2.97 1.48 0.55 600
双层凹面阻尼
板型(无增重环)
0.76 2.97 1.48 0.55 600
双层凹面阻尼
板型(含增重环)
0.76 2.97 1.48 0.55 750
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阻尼板增强振荡水柱式浮标波浪能采集理论与仿真分析
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杜小振 , 王文秀 , 郭东兴 , 李驰骋 , 刘晓彤 , 范开源
科学技术与工程 | 论文·天文学、地球科学 2025,25(11): 4459-4466
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·天文学、地球科学 2025, 25(11): 4459-4466
阻尼板增强振荡水柱式浮标波浪能采集理论与仿真分析
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杜小振 , 王文秀, 郭东兴, 李驰骋, 刘晓彤, 范开源
作者信息
  • 山东科技大学机械电子工程学院, 青岛 266590
  • 杜小振(1978—),男,汉族,河南南阳人,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。研究方向:海洋能发电技术。E-mail:

Damping Plate Enhanced Oscillating Water Column Buoys: Theory and Simulation for Wave Energy Harvesting
Xiao-zhen DU , Wen-xiu WANG, Dong-xing GUO, Chi-cheng LI, Xiao-tong LIU, Kai-yuan FAN
Affiliations
  • College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
出版时间: 2025-04-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403518
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波浪进入浮标中空气室形成振荡水柱捕获波浪能,同时浮标受到波浪冲击作用产生垂荡和摇晃,削弱水柱相对位移。采用含增重环的双层凹面阻尼板抑制浮标运动和增强气室压强。基于微振幅波理论和牛顿第二定律推导阻尼板增强振荡水柱式浮标波浪能采集理论模型,计算浮标垂荡位移和气室空气压强特性。借助AQWA软件建立阻尼板和振荡水柱浮标有限元仿真模拟,模拟波浪对浮标水动力影响。采用Fluent软件的流体体积方法和明渠造波方法实现了气室压强仿真并与理论计算比较,验证模型的准确性。仿真结果表明阻尼板可有效增加附加质量和浮标惯性,抑制浮标运动,从而提升气室水柱的相对运动。理论计算气室空气压强参数,为阻尼板振荡水柱式浮标波浪能采集系统和绿色低碳能源转换结构设计提供基础。

阻尼板  /  波浪能  /  水动力分析  /  振荡水柱  /  浮标

The oscillating water column buoy utilizes wave energy by channelling waves into an air chamber, inducing oscillations within the water column. However, wave impact also causes buoy oscillation and rocking, which reduces the relative water column displacement. To address this, a double-layer concave damping plate with a weight-enhancing ring was implemented to stabilize buoy movement. A double-concave damping plate with a weight-enhancing ring was used to inhibit the movement of the floating buoy and increase the pressure of the air chamber. Based on the small amplitude wave theory and Newton's second law, a theoretical model was developed to analyze wave energy capture by the damping plate-enhanced oscillating water column buoy, calculating buoy oscillations and air chamber pressure characteristics. The finite element simulations, conducted using AQWA software, replicated the wave-induced hydrodynamic effects on the buoy. Air chamber pressure was simulated via Fluent software's fluid volume method and open channel wave-making method, and the model's accuracy was validated against theoretical calculations. The simulation results show how effective the damping plate is in limiting buoy motion, raising mass and buoy inertia, and improving water column stability in the air chamber. The theoretical calculation of the air chamber air pressure parameters provides a basis for the design of the damping plate oscillating water column buoy wave energy harvesting system and the green low-carbon energy conversion structure.

damping plate  /  wave energy  /  hydrodynamic analysis  /  oscillating water column  /  floating buoy
杜小振, 王文秀, 郭东兴, 李驰骋, 刘晓彤, 范开源. 阻尼板增强振荡水柱式浮标波浪能采集理论与仿真分析. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (11) : 4459 -4466 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403518
Xiao-zhen DU, Wen-xiu WANG, Dong-xing GUO, Chi-cheng LI, Xiao-tong LIU, Kai-yuan FAN. Damping Plate Enhanced Oscillating Water Column Buoys: Theory and Simulation for Wave Energy Harvesting[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (11) : 4459 -4466 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403518
随着中国海洋经济的发展和国防建设的需求,为海岛地区供电与开发已显得十分紧迫。《十四五现代能源体系规划》提出,要加快推进绿色、低碳的能源转型,坚持绿色发展,并推动新能源替代。因此,发展波浪能将实现能源转型。振荡水柱(oscillating water column,OWC)装置是操作原理简单、高效的装置之一[1],浮标水动力性能是测量波能转换性能的重要因素[2]。OWC波能转换装置按应用位置可分为近岸固定式和离岸漂浮式。固定式OWC结构简单、维修方便、维护成本较低[3],但海岸线位置能源资源较低并且在大量设备部署方面存在限制[4],且在更深和更远的水域中建造固定OWC结构经济费用较高,因此设计出一种海上浮动式OWC[5-6]。侯二虎等[7]通过添加十字形帆形式改变浮标结构,从而提高浮标对海流的响应速度。Cong等[8]研究出一种多自由度浮动振荡水柱装置,用高阶边界元法求解边值,提高频率范围及海洋环境适应性。吴涛等[9]建立柔性接头连接浮体与海底并对其进行水动力分析,探讨了弹性模量、流速、顶部张力等动力特性。安兴等[10]设计出一种蛇形波浪能采集系统,通过波浪作用于浮体,改变磁体间的位移从而使线圈中磁通量发生改变产生电能。周晖等[11]设计摆式发电模型并进行模型试验,研究各种工况下的能量转换效率。当浮标受到波浪激励力时,会出现横摇和纵摇方向运动剧烈、垂直方向稳定性减弱等问题[6],但波浪对浮体作用时的浮标稳定性等问题进行水动力分析及讨论较少,对带有阻尼板的振荡水柱式浮标的波浪能转换装置的气室内部压强和位移等研究较少。
为减少对传统化石能源的依赖,实现碳中和、碳达标,推动绿色可持续波浪能源转换,基于理论构建双层凹面阻尼板型浮标理论模型,利用ANSYS-AQWA对4种形状的浮标进行水动力仿真分析,确定仿真模型参数与网格尺寸;对直径吃水比参数进行改变,得到最佳吃水深度。借助Fluent平台建立三维数值波浪水槽,采用流体体积方法和明渠造波方法实现气室压强仿真并与理论计算比较。其结果为阻尼板振荡水柱式浮标波浪能采集系统设计提供依据。
浮标在海洋监测过程中属于离岸工作,工况环境较为复杂,采用数学模型方式模拟波浪运动状态。波浪运动主要是基于规则波进行描述,其中Mirab等[12]提出的微振幅波理论清晰描述了波浪运动特性。将微振幅波简化为xz二维平面内波动,如图1(a)所示。理论公式推导流程如图1(b)所示。浮标在运动过程中含6个方向的运动[13]:纵荡(surge)、横荡(sway)、垂荡(heave)、横摇(roll)、纵摇(pitch)和艏摇(yaw),如图1(c)所示。图1(d)为浮标与波浪相互作用时三维示意图。根据微振幅波理论做出以下粗略假设:理想不可压缩流体,重力不可省略;运动是无旋的,并具有速度势;波浪为微振幅波。
微振幅波基本方程与边界条件为
2 φ x 2 + 2 φ z 2 = 0 , - h < z < η φ z = 0 , z = - h η = - 1 g φ t z = h
式(1)中:h为水深;g为重力加速度,9.81 m/s2
用分离变量法求解速度势函数,令
φ=f(z)sin(kx-ωt)
式(2)中:k为波数,k=2π/L(波长L);ω为频率,ω=2π/T(波浪周期T),rad/s。
代入拉普拉斯方程,得
d 2 f d z 2-k2f=0
得通解
f(z)=Aekz+Be-kz
式(4)中:AB为未知系数。
所以速度势函数为
φ=(Aekz+Be-kz)sin(kx-ωt)
φ z z = - h=k(Ae-kh-Bekh)sin(kx-ωt)=0
A ' 2=Ae-kh=Bekh,将波面方程转化为
η= A ' ω 0 gcoshkhcos(kx-ω0t)
无限水深条件下,令 A ' ω 0 gcoshkh=a,则速度势函数与波面方程为
φ= a g ωekzsin(kx-ωt)
η=acos(kx-ωt)
水深z处相对压强为
Pz(t)=-ρw φ twg H 2ekzcos(kx-ωt)
式(10)中:ρw为海水密度,ρw=1 025 kg/m3;H为波高,m。
自由表面η(x,t)上任一点z方向速度分量为
vz= d η d t= η t+ η x d x d t
对于微振幅波,式(11)近似在z=0处满足
φ z=- 1 g 2 φ t 2
整理可得
ω2=gktanhkh
波速C满足
C= L T= ω k
可得波速公式为
C= g L 2 π t a n h 2 π h L
气室宽度远小于波浪长度,水柱底部z处各点相对压强可忽略不计,振荡水柱在气室内运动等效为活塞运动[14],气室内水柱运动方程受自身重力、波浪力、水力损失、气室压强等影响,水柱运动方程为
$\begin{aligned} \ddot{z}_{\mathrm{w}}(t)= & \left\{\left[P_{z}(t)+P_{\mathrm{atm}}-P_{0}(t)-\rho_{\mathrm{w}} g z_{\mathrm{w}}(t)\right] A_{1}-\right. \\ & \left.\rho_{\mathrm{a}} g\left[z_{\mathrm{s}}(t)-h_{\mathrm{r}}\right] A_{\mathrm{D}}-D \dot{z}_{\mathrm{w}}(t)\right\} / \\ & \left\{\rho_{\mathrm{w}} A_{1}\left[h_{\mathrm{w}}-z_{\mathrm{s}}(t)+z_{\mathrm{w}}(t)\right]\right\} \end{aligned}$
式(16)中:zw为水柱位移,m;Patm为大气压强(101 325 Pa);P0为气室压强,Pa, P0=N/Vγ,N为常数,V为气室体积,m3,γ为空气热比容;A1为气室面积,m2;hr为阻尼板到浮标重心的距离,m;ρa为空气密度,kg/m3;AD为阻尼板底部面积,m2;D为水柱水力损失线性阻尼系数;hw为水柱高度,m;zs为浮标位移,m。
在浮标随波浪起伏的运动过程中受到多种因素影响,如自身重力、波浪力、静水恢复力和辐射力。浮标的运动会引起周围流体产生变加速运动,根据牛顿第二定律,浮标所受的合力等于其质量和流体附加质量与加速度的乘积,浮标运动方程可描述为
$\begin{aligned} \left(m_{\mathrm{d}}+m_{\mathrm{a}}\right) \ddot{z}_{\mathrm{s}}(t)= & F \frac{H}{2} \cos \left(k x+w_{0} t\right)-R_{\mathrm{D}} \dot{z}_{\mathrm{s}}(t)- \\ & \rho_{\mathrm{w}} g A_{2} z_{\mathrm{s}}+P A_{2}-F_{\mathrm{D}}(t) \end{aligned}$
式(17)中:md为包括浮筒、动力输出系统、连接杆和阻尼板在内的波浪能转换器的总干质量,kg;ma为水动力附加质量,kg;F为波浪力幅值,N;RD为辐射阻尼,N·m/s;A2为浮标横截面面积,m2;P为气室内压力和大气压力差,Pa;FD(t)为阻尼板产生的垂直阻力,N。
假定气流理想不可压缩,OWC上下移动驱动空气流经通风隧道。由OWC装置工作原理和流体质量守恒方程可知,当海浪冲进气室时,气室孔口流量和气室内压强成正比,表达式为
P0(t)= ρ a ξ 2 g d 0 1 2Qi
式(18)中:ρa为空气密度,kg/m3;ξ为空气阻尼系数;d0为气室气孔直径,m;Qi为流过气孔的空气流量,m3/s。
气室体积变化会影响流体速度,该变化可由空气室速度v0与气流Qi之间关系来确定。气孔处风速v0可以表示为
v0= 4 Q i π d 0 2
浮标的起伏应低于振荡水柱相对运动幅值,且OWC不应到达气室的顶部。根据式(16)、式(17)可知,浮标位移与吃水和波浪高度有关,阻尼板是影响浮标位移和振荡水柱运动的重要因素。在波浪周期为5 s条件下,通过MATLAB/Simulink计算浮标的最大升沉位移与波浪高度和浮标吃水关系如图2所示,浮标位移随着波高和吃水的增加而增加。当波浪高度从0.4 m增加至0.8 m时,浮标最大升沉位移增加约2.4%,阻尼板对浮标垂荡位移有较好的抑制效果,提高浮标气室与振荡水柱相对位移,从而提升气室压强。
气室内部自由水面可等效为一个无重量刚性活塞,振荡水柱与气室之间产生相对位移将波浪能转换为气动能量。由式(16)、式(17)可知,振荡水柱式浮标运动特性与相对位移和压强有关。阻尼板不仅可以抑制浮标在垂荡方向上的运动,提高相对位移,还能减缓波能装置摇晃。因此,为探究阻尼板对浮标位移影响,设计出4种振荡水柱式浮标:无阻尼板型、圆形阻尼板型、双层凹面阻尼板型(无增重环)和双层凹面阻尼板型(含增重环),由圆柱形气室、连接杆、中间柱体、增重环和阻尼板五部分组成,4种浮标主要参数如表1
数值模拟过程中,AQWA对网格单元大小与网格形状规则性、网格间距大小以及网格节点连续性等方面优要求。设定不同最大网格尺寸采用自动化网格划分方法,网格数量与最大允许计算频率如图3(a)所示,随着最大网格尺寸增加,网格数量减少,最大允许计算频率逐渐降低。最大网格尺寸在80~95 mm范围内网格数量相差较小,最大计算频率变化幅度较小。记录网格数量所对应辐射阻尼与计算时长如图3(b)所示,随着网格数量增加,辐射阻尼幅值变小,当网格数量大于13 000个时,辐射阻尼处于稳定状态。因此,使用0.08 m网格尺寸进行后续仿真分析。
在波频为0.6 Hz、入射角为-180°、波高0.19 m条件下,采用0.08 m网格尺寸的4种类型浮标所对应波面变化云图如图4(a)所示,气室内部波面变化云图如图4(b)所示。
海浪有明显季节性特点,冬季平均波高最大,夏季平均波高较小,冬季波浪主要能量周期在3~5.5 s,有效波高1 m左右,其他季节海浪频谱周期在3~8 s且具有很强的随机性[15]。中国近海海域波高0~1 m、周期4~5 s的波浪分量出现最高,其次为波高1~2 m、 周期5~6 s波浪分量[16]。因此选用波浪频率范围为0.78~2.09 rad/s的规则波进行仿真分析,对应波浪周期为3~8 s。
不同底面形状浮标水动力参数随波浪频率变化结果如图5所示。附加质量是因流体的加速运动而在固体表面产生的惯性力,图5(a)所示为附加质量与频率关系曲线,相同波频下两种双层凹面型浮标附加质量幅值始终大于圆形和无阻尼板型,两种双层阻尼板型幅值相差较小约为1%。较大的附加质量会增加浮体系统的惯性,使得系统对波浪的响应变慢,浮标运动幅度越小,相对位移增大,因此双层凹面阻尼板型浮标更有利于将空气转化为气动能量。
幅值响应算子是浮体对应自由度运动振幅与入射波波幅的比值,数值越小浮标垂荡运动幅值越小。不同阻尼板型浮标的垂荡幅值响应算子随波浪频率变化的曲线如图5(b)所示,在低频段(ω<1.38 rad/s)不论何种形状的浮标RAOs均为1,表明此时浮标的随波性较强,其运动状态与波面运动状态基本一致。高频段(ω>1.38 rad/s)时,圆形阻尼板型浮标RAOs持续上升,增加阻尼板使幅值响应算子趋于稳定。含增重环型浮标极大值远小于无增重环型浮标,增重环使RAOs峰值降低约84.6%,是因为质量的增加改变浮标固有频率。综上所述,增重环与阻尼板可有效抑制浮标运动,从而提升气室水柱的相对运动。
基于式(17)与2.1节水动力分析可知,浮标直径吃水比是影响浮标水动力性能重要参数。波浪高度为1 m,固定圆柱气室直径为1.6 m,吃水深度hc分别为1.648、1.68、1.712、1.74 m,即hc/d为1.03、1.05、1.07、1.09,探究双层凹面阻尼板型浮标整体水动力性能(辐射阻尼、附加质量)与波浪频率的关系,进而对浮标位置选择提供参考。
辐射阻尼系数是评价浮标所受阻尼力大小的重要指标,阻尼力越大表明波浪作用效果越明显,不同吃水深度浮标所受辐射阻尼与频率关系如图6(a)所示,辐射阻尼随波浪频率的先增大再减小后增大,由于辐射阻尼主要来源于兴波阻力,与频率的关系比较大,辐射阻尼频率为1~1.75 rad/s时减小趋近于0,是因为一定范围波浪频率下双层凹面阻尼板对浮标产生抵消效应[17]。幅值响应算子与频率关系如图6(b)所示,不同直径吃水比RAOs峰值所对应波浪频率相同,随着直径吃水比的增加,幅值响应算子峰值先减小后增大,hc/d=1.07时幅值响应算子峰值最小。综上所述,在一定波浪条件下,选择直径吃水比为1.07的浮标有效改善波能采集装置水动力性能,减少浮标垂荡运动增大相对位移,提高波浪转换性能。
由第3节水动力参数频域分析可知,采用双层凹面阻尼板型浮标(含增重环)并设置直径吃水比为1.07水动力性能最优,因此采用其验证理论模型结果的准确性。选用与理论模型相同的参数作为仿真计算,利用Fluent建立三维数值波浪水槽并采用明渠造波方式模拟波浪运动,从而得到浮标在波浪作用下的气室压强。浮标仿真运动如图7(a)所示,在同一时刻、波浪高度相同等条件下浮标随波浪周期的变化。将气室内压强仿真结果与理论结果进行比较,如图7(b)所示。模拟波浪从静止开始扰动传播,波浪入口位置距离浮标较远,5 s之后波浪得到充分发展,最终趋于稳定。在相同的波高条件下,浮标内部压强仿真结果与理论计算有着相同的周期性变化趋势,但理论计算结果最大压强与仿真结果存在差异,这是因为在仿真过程中设置数值海滩使入射波波高减小。数值解和理论解之间一致性验证了数值水槽模型能够较好地反映模型准确性和气室内气流性能,证明理论的可行性和结果的正确性。
图7(c)所示为浮标气室压强与波浪周期和波浪高度关系曲线,气室压强随波浪周期增加而减小,随波浪高度增加而增大。波浪周期5 s和高度0.8 m时,气室压强最大值为2 381 Pa。气室压强是影响空气透平转换效率的重要因素[18],由式(18)、式(19)可知,浮标出气口速度与气室压强呈正相关,较大的压强可提高空气透平的输出性能。
为进一步证明理论的正确性,应用理论计算了文献[19]中六个波浪周期对应的运动响应。图8所示为应用波浪能采集理论计算气室相对压强与文献中模型实验和仿真计算结果的比较,计算结果与文献结果相差较小,进一步说明理论的正确性。
为提升远海浮标波浪能量采集性能,提出双层凹面阻尼板振荡水柱型浮标。基于微振幅波理论和牛顿第二定律,推导出振荡水柱和浮标运动方程并建立浮标理论模型,数值计算分析表明浮标位移随波高和吃水的增加而增加。基于AQWA仿真软件对浮标水动力学性能进行数值模拟,双层凹面阻尼板型浮标附加质量明显增加;另外,增重环有效降低RAOs的峰值约84.6%,提高采集装置稳定性;选择直径吃水比为1.07的浮标有效改善波能采集装置水动力性能。利用Fluent建立三维数值波浪水槽模拟波浪运动,在相同波浪条件下,浮标气室压强仿真结果和理论结果曲线吻合,验证理论模型的准确性;波浪周期5 s、波浪高度0.8 m时,气室压强最大值为2 381 Pa,阻尼板可有效增强振荡水柱式浮标波浪能采集性能。
  • 山东省自然科学基金(ZR2021ME111)
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2025年第25卷第11期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403518
  • 接收时间:2024-05-13
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-04-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-13
  • 修回日期:2024-08-01
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山东省自然科学基金(ZR2021ME111)
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    山东科技大学机械电子工程学院, 青岛 266590
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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