Article(id=1149776902346466015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149776900194791454, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2402620, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1712764800000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-11, revisedDate=1721923200000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752057775340, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1744905600000, pubDateStr=2025-04-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752057775340, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752057775340, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752057775340, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149776900194791454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='11', pageStart='4397', pageEnd='4826', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752057774827, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456666677, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218558837930512931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149776900194791454, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218558837930512932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149776900194791454, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4534, endPage=4542, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149776902522626784, articleId=1149776902346466015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on MCNN-MSA-BiGRU, columnId=1156262732765717457, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Mechanical and Instrumental Industry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
To address the issues of incomplete feature extraction, poor stability, and limited generalization in traditional fault diagnosis models, a model based on a multi-scale convolutional neural networks (MCNN), bidirectional gated recurrent units (BiGRU), and multi-head self-attention mechanism (MSA) was proposed. The model was designed to achieve comprehensive feature extraction from both spatial and temporal perspectives. It took raw vibration signals as input, and multi-scale features were extracted through convolution kernels of different sizes. A multi-head self-attention mechanism was used to dynamically adjust output weights, disregarding redundant information and weighting the extracted features for fusion. Then the fused features were input into a BiGRU network, which utilized a bidirectional information fusion mechanism to explore information from both past and future directions, capturing dependencies between different parts of the input sequence. Finally, Softmax was employed for classification. Experimental validation was conducted using three bearing fault datasets, and the results show that the proposed model has excellent performance metrics on different datasets and showcases good generalization and feasibility.
, correspAuthors=Sui-xian YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xue-chun WANG, Xiang LI, Sui-xian YANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149776924442059756, articleId=1149776902346466015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于MCNN-MSA-BiGRU的轴承故障诊断, columnId=1156262732954461139, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·机械、仪表工业, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
针对传统故障诊断模型对特征提取不全面,单一模型稳定性和泛化性差的问题,提出了一种基于多头自注意力机制的多尺度卷积神经网络和双向门控循环单元模型,从空间和时序层面实现特征提取。该模型采用原始一维振动信号作为输入,使用不同尺寸卷积核的卷积网络捕获多尺度信息。引入多头自注意力机制,根据输入的不同部分动态调整输出权值,忽略冗杂信息并对所提取特征进行加权融合,将融合后的特征输入至BiGRU(bidirectional gated recurrent units)网络,通过双向信息融合机制,对来自过去和未来两个方向的信息进行挖掘,捕捉输入序列不同部分间的依赖关系。最后,通过Softmax分类实现轴承故障诊断。在3种轴承数据集上进行实验验证,结果表明,所提模型性能指标表现优异,具有良好的泛化性和可行性。
, correspAuthors=杨随先, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 杨随先(1965—), 男, 汉族, 四川纳溪人, 博士, 教授。研究方向: 故障诊断、无损检测。E-mail:
yangsx@163.com。
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王雪纯(1999—), 女, 汉族, 河南开封人, 硕士研究生。研究方向: 故障诊断。E-mail:wangxc@stu.scu.edu.cn。
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王雪纯(1999—), 女, 汉族, 河南开封人, 硕士研究生。研究方向: 故障诊断。E-mail:wangxc@stu.scu.edu.cn。
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The structure of BiGRU, figureFileSmall=DA2AQr3mJooko4gauYylVg==, figureFileBig=pLLdEKwpXSntePXZzOsoVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218843903801872865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776902346466015, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
BiGRU结构图 hf,t为前向GRU当前时刻状态,hb,t为后向GRU当前时刻状态
, figureFileSmall=DA2AQr3mJooko4gauYylVg==, figureFileBig=pLLdEKwpXSntePXZzOsoVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218843903990616564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776902346466015, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
The structure of MCNN-MSA-BiGRU, figureFileSmall=mw0jqZaeL9wzS7VX7RoOlg==, figureFileBig=Yg5zFPY0FPzPLUuYlUVQDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218843904082891260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776902346466015, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
MCNN-MSA-BiGRU结构图, figureFileSmall=mw0jqZaeL9wzS7VX7RoOlg==, figureFileBig=Yg5zFPY0FPzPLUuYlUVQDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218843904200331785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776902346466015, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Comparison of recognition accuracy of different models, figureFileSmall=tmETMFmqX2ggsxhAxFke1Q==, figureFileBig=cT9yQBSjwtRNEUnlBWL7gw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218843904347132433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776902346466015, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
不同模型识别准确率对比, figureFileSmall=tmETMFmqX2ggsxhAxFke1Q==, figureFileBig=cT9yQBSjwtRNEUnlBWL7gw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218843904481350174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776902346466015, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Comparison of loss rates of different models, figureFileSmall=UheZ0hIurMCPUpWxrl2uYA==, figureFileBig=X29ncpDyntqyyZCoZ7myqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218843904602985005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776902346466015, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
不同模型损失率对比, figureFileSmall=UheZ0hIurMCPUpWxrl2uYA==, figureFileBig=X29ncpDyntqyyZCoZ7myqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218843904712036921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776902346466015, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Comparison of confusion matrix of different models, figureFileSmall=bM8/d+aleGonHssK11wE5Q==, figureFileBig=H/MrvXlifOAOpr5UV0KQvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218843904867226182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776902346466015, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
不同模型混淆矩阵对比, figureFileSmall=bM8/d+aleGonHssK11wE5Q==, figureFileBig=H/MrvXlifOAOpr5UV0KQvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218843904976278100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776902346466015, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Performance comparison of models under different loads, figureFileSmall=Rh70MfT84FPE4N8NMgGl9Q==, figureFileBig=NoER0F1VDM458vA+S99F0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218843905051775580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776902346466015, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
不同负载下各模型性能对比, figureFileSmall=Rh70MfT84FPE4N8NMgGl9Q==, figureFileBig=NoER0F1VDM458vA+S99F0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218843905135661671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776902346466015, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Picture of the model performance at 800 r/min speed, figureFileSmall=NT2lokjteZS4LYoLIDqxzg==, figureFileBig=mkwU8BxC/IRriABSvUlK8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218843905253102195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776902346466015, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
800 r/min转速下模型的性能图, figureFileSmall=NT2lokjteZS4LYoLIDqxzg==, figureFileBig=mkwU8BxC/IRriABSvUlK8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1218843905383125630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776902346466015, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Sample data of the CWRU dataset
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 标签 | 故障 位置 | 电机负 载/HP | 电机转速/ (r·min-1) | 故障 直径/in | 样本 数量 | 样本 长度 |
| 0 | 滚动体 | 2 | 1 750 | 0.007 | 100 | 1 024 |
| 1 | 滚动体 | 2 | 1 750 | 0.014 | 100 | 1 024 |
| 2 | 滚动体 | 2 | 1 750 | 0.021 | 100 | 1 024 |
| 3 | 内圈 | 2 | 1 750 | 0.007 | 100 | 1 024 |
| 4 | 内圈 | 2 | 1 750 | 0.014 | 100 | 1 024 |
| 5 | 内圈 | 2 | 1 750 | 0.021 | 100 | 1 024 |
| 6 | 外圈 | 2 | 1 750 | 0.007 | 100 | 1 024 |
| 7 | 外圈 | 2 | 1 750 | 0.014 | 100 | 1 024 |
| 8 | 外圈 | 2 | 1 750 | 0.021 | 100 | 1 024 |
| 9 | 正常 | 2 | 1 750 | — | 100 | 1 024 |
), ArticleFig(id=1218843905508954761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776902346466015, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
CWRU数据集样本数据
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 标签 | 故障 位置 | 电机负 载/HP | 电机转速/ (r·min-1) | 故障 直径/in | 样本 数量 | 样本 长度 |
| 0 | 滚动体 | 2 | 1 750 | 0.007 | 100 | 1 024 |
| 1 | 滚动体 | 2 | 1 750 | 0.014 | 100 | 1 024 |
| 2 | 滚动体 | 2 | 1 750 | 0.021 | 100 | 1 024 |
| 3 | 内圈 | 2 | 1 750 | 0.007 | 100 | 1 024 |
| 4 | 内圈 | 2 | 1 750 | 0.014 | 100 | 1 024 |
| 5 | 内圈 | 2 | 1 750 | 0.021 | 100 | 1 024 |
| 6 | 外圈 | 2 | 1 750 | 0.007 | 100 | 1 024 |
| 7 | 外圈 | 2 | 1 750 | 0.014 | 100 | 1 024 |
| 8 | 外圈 | 2 | 1 750 | 0.021 | 100 | 1 024 |
| 9 | 正常 | 2 | 1 750 | — | 100 | 1 024 |
), ArticleFig(id=1218843905643172501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776902346466015, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
The structural parameters of the MCNN-MSA-BiGRU
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 网络层 | 核大小 | 核数量 | 输出 | 激活函数 |
| Conv1_1 | 20 | 64 | (None, 256, 64) | Relu |
| Pool1_1 | 2 | — | (None, 128, 64) | — |
| Conv1_2 | 10 | 32 | (None, 64, 32) | Relu |
| Pool1_2 | 2 | — | (None, 32, 32) | — |
| Conv1_3 | 10 | 32 | (None, 32, 32) | Relu |
| Pool1_3 | 2 | — | (None, 16, 32) | — |
| Conv2_1 | 4 | 64 | (None, 256, 64) | Relu |
| Pool2_1 | 2 | — | (None, 128, 64) | — |
| Conv2_2 | 2 | 32 | (None, 64, 32) | Relu |
| Pool2_2 | 2 | — | None, 32, 32) | — |
| Conv2_3 | 2 | 32 | (None, 32, 32) | Relu |
| Pool2_3 | 2 | — | (None, 16, 32) | — |
| BiGRU | 64 | — | (None, 128) | — |
| Softmax | — | — | (None, 10) | — |
), ArticleFig(id=1218843905764807329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776902346466015, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
MCNN-MSA-BiGRU模型结构参数
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 网络层 | 核大小 | 核数量 | 输出 | 激活函数 |
| Conv1_1 | 20 | 64 | (None, 256, 64) | Relu |
| Pool1_1 | 2 | — | (None, 128, 64) | — |
| Conv1_2 | 10 | 32 | (None, 64, 32) | Relu |
| Pool1_2 | 2 | — | (None, 32, 32) | — |
| Conv1_3 | 10 | 32 | (None, 32, 32) | Relu |
| Pool1_3 | 2 | — | (None, 16, 32) | — |
| Conv2_1 | 4 | 64 | (None, 256, 64) | Relu |
| Pool2_1 | 2 | — | (None, 128, 64) | — |
| Conv2_2 | 2 | 32 | (None, 64, 32) | Relu |
| Pool2_2 | 2 | — | None, 32, 32) | — |
| Conv2_3 | 2 | 32 | (None, 32, 32) | Relu |
| Pool2_3 | 2 | — | (None, 16, 32) | — |
| BiGRU | 64 | — | (None, 128) | — |
| Softmax | — | — | (None, 10) | — |
), ArticleFig(id=1218843905857082030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776902346466015, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Sample data of the Ottawa dataset
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 故障标签 | 故障位置 | 工况 | 样本数量 | 样本长度 |
| 0 | 健康 | 升速 | 300 | 1 024 |
| 1 | 内圈故障 | 升速 | 300 | 1 024 |
| 2 | 外圈故障 | 升速 | 300 | 1 024 |
| 0 | 健康 | 降速 | 300 | 1 024 |
| 1 | 内圈故障 | 降速 | 300 | 1 024 |
| 2 | 外圈故障 | 降速 | 300 | 1 024 |
| 0 | 健康 | 升速-降速 | 300 | 1 024 |
| 1 | 内圈故障 | 升速-降速 | 300 | 1 024 |
| 2 | 外圈故障 | 升速-降速 | 300 | 1 024 |
| 0 | 健康 | 降速-升速 | 300 | 1 024 |
| 1 | 内圈故障 | 降速-升速 | 300 | 1 024 |
| 2 | 外圈故障 | 降速-升速 | 300 | 1 024 |
), ArticleFig(id=1218843905961939642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776902346466015, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
Ottawa数据集样本数据
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| 故障标签 | 故障位置 | 工况 | 样本数量 | 样本长度 |
| 0 | 健康 | 升速 | 300 | 1 024 |
| 1 | 内圈故障 | 升速 | 300 | 1 024 |
| 2 | 外圈故障 | 升速 | 300 | 1 024 |
| 0 | 健康 | 降速 | 300 | 1 024 |
| 1 | 内圈故障 | 降速 | 300 | 1 024 |
| 2 | 外圈故障 | 降速 | 300 | 1 024 |
| 0 | 健康 | 升速-降速 | 300 | 1 024 |
| 1 | 内圈故障 | 升速-降速 | 300 | 1 024 |
| 2 | 外圈故障 | 升速-降速 | 300 | 1 024 |
| 0 | 健康 | 降速-升速 | 300 | 1 024 |
| 1 | 内圈故障 | 降速-升速 | 300 | 1 024 |
| 2 | 外圈故障 | 降速-升速 | 300 | 1 024 |
), ArticleFig(id=1218843906083574466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776902346466015, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Performance comparison of different models
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| 工况 | 模型 | 准确率 | 损失率 | F1 |
| 升速 | MCNN-MSA-BiGRU | 0.982 | 0.070 | 0.982 |
| MCNN-BiGRU | 0.980 | 0.050 | 0.980 |
| WDCNN | 0.913 | 0.325 | 0.913 |
| SEBCNN | 0.944 | 0.196 | 0.944 |
| 降速 | MCNN-MSA-BiGRU | 0.996 | 0.010 | 0.996 |
| MCNN-BiGRU | 0.989 | 0.052 | 0.989 |
| WDCNN | 0.847 | 0.587 | 0.843 |
| SEBCNN | 0.862 | 0.365 | 0.861 |
| 升-降 | MCNN-MSA-BiGRU | 0.978 | 0.079 | 0.978 |
| MCNN-BiGRU | 0.969 | 0.103 | 0.969 |
| WDCNN | 0.918 | 0.477 | 0.918 |
| SEBCNN | 0.947 | 0.271 | 0.947 |
| 降-升 | MCNN-MSA-BiGRU | 0.973 | 0.106 | 0.973 |
| MCNN-BiGRU | 0.973 | 0.110 | 0.973 |
| WDCNN | 0.920 | 0.275 | 0.920 |
| SEBCNN | 0.898 | 0.349 | 0.896 |
), ArticleFig(id=1218843906230375122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776902346466015, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
不同模型的性能对比
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| 工况 | 模型 | 准确率 | 损失率 | F1 |
| 升速 | MCNN-MSA-BiGRU | 0.982 | 0.070 | 0.982 |
| MCNN-BiGRU | 0.980 | 0.050 | 0.980 |
| WDCNN | 0.913 | 0.325 | 0.913 |
| SEBCNN | 0.944 | 0.196 | 0.944 |
| 降速 | MCNN-MSA-BiGRU | 0.996 | 0.010 | 0.996 |
| MCNN-BiGRU | 0.989 | 0.052 | 0.989 |
| WDCNN | 0.847 | 0.587 | 0.843 |
| SEBCNN | 0.862 | 0.365 | 0.861 |
| 升-降 | MCNN-MSA-BiGRU | 0.978 | 0.079 | 0.978 |
| MCNN-BiGRU | 0.969 | 0.103 | 0.969 |
| WDCNN | 0.918 | 0.477 | 0.918 |
| SEBCNN | 0.947 | 0.271 | 0.947 |
| 降-升 | MCNN-MSA-BiGRU | 0.973 | 0.106 | 0.973 |
| MCNN-BiGRU | 0.973 | 0.110 | 0.973 |
| WDCNN | 0.920 | 0.275 | 0.920 |
| SEBCNN | 0.898 | 0.349 | 0.896 |
), ArticleFig(id=1218843906381370085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776902346466015, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=
Sample data of the JNU dataset
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故障 标签 | 故障位置 | 电机转速/ (r·min-1) | 样本数量 | 样本长度 |
| 0 | 健康 | 600 | 500 | 1 024 |
| 1 | 内圈故障 | 600 | 500 | 1 024 |
| 2 | 外圈故障 | 600 | 500 | 1 024 |
| 3 | 滚动体故障 | 600 | 500 | 1 024 |
| 0 | 健康 | 800 | 500 | 1 024 |
| 1 | 内圈故障 | 800 | 500 | 1 024 |
| 2 | 外圈故障 | 800 | 500 | 1 024 |
| 3 | 滚动体故障 | 800 | 500 | 1 024 |
| 0 | 健康 | 1 000 | 500 | 1 024 |
| 1 | 内圈故障 | 1 000 | 500 | 1 024 |
| 2 | 外圈故障 | 1 000 | 500 | 1 024 |
| 3 | 滚动体故障 | 1 000 | 500 | 1 024 |
), ArticleFig(id=1218843906523976435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776902346466015, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
江南大学数据集样本数据
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
故障 标签 | 故障位置 | 电机转速/ (r·min-1) | 样本数量 | 样本长度 |
| 0 | 健康 | 600 | 500 | 1 024 |
| 1 | 内圈故障 | 600 | 500 | 1 024 |
| 2 | 外圈故障 | 600 | 500 | 1 024 |
| 3 | 滚动体故障 | 600 | 500 | 1 024 |
| 0 | 健康 | 800 | 500 | 1 024 |
| 1 | 内圈故障 | 800 | 500 | 1 024 |
| 2 | 外圈故障 | 800 | 500 | 1 024 |
| 3 | 滚动体故障 | 800 | 500 | 1 024 |
| 0 | 健康 | 1 000 | 500 | 1 024 |
| 1 | 内圈故障 | 1 000 | 500 | 1 024 |
| 2 | 外圈故障 | 1 000 | 500 | 1 024 |
| 3 | 滚动体故障 | 1 000 | 500 | 1 024 |
), ArticleFig(id=1218843906784023298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776902346466015, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=
Performance test under different conditions
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| 转速/(r·min-1) | 准确率 | 损失率 | F1 |
| 600 | 0.975 | 0.156 | 0.976 |
| 800 | 0.990 | 0.048 | 0.990 |
| 1 000 | 1.000 | 0.003 | 1.000 |
), ArticleFig(id=1218843906918241036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149776902346466015, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
不同工况下模型的性能测试
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| 转速/(r·min-1) | 准确率 | 损失率 | F1 |
| 600 | 0.975 | 0.156 | 0.976 |
| 800 | 0.990 | 0.048 | 0.990 |
| 1 000 | 1.000 | 0.003 | 1.000 |
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