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To enhance the safety monitoring of power transmission lines, the distributed fiber Bragg grating array sensing technology was employed to measure the dynamic motion characteristics of optical power ground wire (OPGW) cables in laboratory conditions. The results show that this technology can effectively monitor the dynamic behavior of OPGW under simulated aeolian vibrations and galloping states, clearly recording various vibration patterns. The experimental data reveal that by increasing the spatial density of the grating array sensors and reducing the system's low-frequency phase drift, the monitoring performance can be further enhanced. It is evident that the distributed vibration sensing technology based on fiber Bragg grating arrays provides a novel technical approach for the distributed dynamic structural health monitoring of OPGW cables.

, correspAuthors=Xiao-yu LUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiao-yu LUO, Guang-hui HE, Yong-chun LIANG, Wen-ping XIE, Ming NIE), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149774762722943075, articleId=1149774735405441376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于分布式光纤光栅阵列的OPGW振动监测技术, columnId=1156262734506353627, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·电工技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为提高输电线路安全监测水平,通过分布式光纤光栅阵列传感技术,对光纤复合架空地线光缆(optical power ground wire,OPGW)的动态运动特性进行实验室测量。结果表明:该技术能有效监测OPGW在模拟微风振动和舞动状态下的动态行为,清晰记录不同振动模式。实验数据揭示,通过提高光栅阵列传感器的空间密度和降低系统低频相位漂移,可进一步提升监测性能。可见,基于光纤布拉格光栅阵列的分布式振动传感技术为OPGW电缆的分布式动态结构健康监测提供了新的技术手段。

, correspAuthors=罗啸宇, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=K5j3QKqbX6Q3WP6NyI/Eqw==, magXml=sn2HqY07LnfRsRuFA7geDw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=t0QxprfPG7u4dLjJG8JpJg==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=/0Gsag0rYU7xi1a1ZmMEVw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

罗啸宇(1986—),男,汉族,湖北黄冈人,博士,高级工程师。研究方向:电网防灾减灾。E-mail:

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罗啸宇(1986—),男,汉族,湖北黄冈人,博士,高级工程师。研究方向:电网防灾减灾。E-mail:

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Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2011, 29(4): 587-608., articleTitle=Fiber optic sensors in structural health monitoring, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1179790557426626639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774735405441376, awardId=GDKJXM20220137, language=CN, fundingSource=中国南方电网有限责任公司科技项目(GDKJXM20220137), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1179790553181990930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774735405441376, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1179790553190379539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774735405441376, companyId=1179790553181990930, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co. , Ltd. , Guangzhou 510080, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1179790553211351060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774735405441376, companyId=1179790553181990930, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院, 广州 510080)]), AuthorCompany(id=1179790553270071317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774735405441376, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1179790553274265622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774735405441376, companyId=1179790553270071317, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Wuhan Fengli Photoelectric Technology Co. , Ltd. , Wuhan 430074, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1179790553282654231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774735405441376, companyId=1179790553270071317, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 武汉烽理光电技术有限公司, 武汉 430074)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1179790555870539835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774735405441376, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic diagram of the working principle of the phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer based on grating arrays, figureFileSmall=zoo5wVl0sSmYZjjN3mJhNw==, figureFileBig=hYAclhyk/zaWkGVBFRn13g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790555937648700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774735405441376, language=CN, label=图1, caption=基于光栅阵列的相敏光时域反射仪工作原理示意图, figureFileSmall=zoo5wVl0sSmYZjjN3mJhNw==, figureFileBig=hYAclhyk/zaWkGVBFRn13g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790556021534781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774735405441376, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Structural diagram of the cable combining the grating array sensing fiber and the communication fiber, figureFileSmall=osTv96qysyHFIGoOP8AoWw==, figureFileBig=u75x4c/a2EvPEE6vbQotCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790556088643646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774735405441376, language=CN, label=图2, caption=光栅阵列传感光纤与通信光纤复合成缆结构图, figureFileSmall=osTv96qysyHFIGoOP8AoWw==, figureFileBig=u75x4c/a2EvPEE6vbQotCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790556189306943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774735405441376, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Schematic diagram of the experimental setup for simulating aeoline vibration, figureFileSmall=D0P9XJYKdKmMYLwLHO3b+w==, figureFileBig=2HuNV9Ttf4MrjBJ70MvRdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790556256415808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774735405441376, language=CN, label=图3, caption=模拟微风振动工况的实验装置示意图

ABC分别为右侧的固定支撑点、左侧的固定支撑点、激振器所在的点;L1L2分别为左侧的固定支撑点到激振器的距离、右侧的固定支撑点到激振器的距离

, figureFileSmall=D0P9XJYKdKmMYLwLHO3b+w==, figureFileBig=2HuNV9Ttf4MrjBJ70MvRdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790556323524673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774735405441376, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Vibration characteristic signal of OPGW under 10 Hz excitation frequency, figureFileSmall=IpRqJlHItVffzk4a49YFHw==, figureFileBig=vOKuB8dP0nStryjOrRWdjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790556399022146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774735405441376, language=CN, label=图4, caption=10 Hz激振频率下架空光缆的振动特征信号, figureFileSmall=IpRqJlHItVffzk4a49YFHw==, figureFileBig=vOKuB8dP0nStryjOrRWdjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790556474519619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774735405441376, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Vibration characteristic signal of OPGW under 80 Hz excitation frequency, figureFileSmall=V0vZIKd3J2aVoS00bTrFcw==, figureFileBig=frSm7jAH9M1PhZIrutKnKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790556633903172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774735405441376, language=CN, label=图5, caption=80 Hz激振频率下OPGW的振动特征信号, figureFileSmall=V0vZIKd3J2aVoS00bTrFcw==, figureFileBig=frSm7jAH9M1PhZIrutKnKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790556709400645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774735405441376, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Schematic diagram of the experimental setup for simulating galloping, figureFileSmall=zQsPXVzT19TaFPrsexEiGQ==, figureFileBig=UK9mQyJBbTMZmBeOLIP3QQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790556763926598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774735405441376, language=CN, label=图6, caption=舞动实验装置示意图

L3L4L5分别为左侧的固定支撑点到激振器的距离、中间的悬挂支撑点到激振器的距离、右侧的固定支撑点到激振器的距离

, figureFileSmall=zQsPXVzT19TaFPrsexEiGQ==, figureFileBig=UK9mQyJBbTMZmBeOLIP3QQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790556843618375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774735405441376, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Comparison of galloping experiment signals at two different frequencies, figureFileSmall=cJlP9JH29EWjk3NXtz49Lg==, figureFileBig=pq4AXO+Y4twcoosUlqgjvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790556906532936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774735405441376, language=CN, label=图7, caption=两种不同频率的舞动实验信号比较, figureFileSmall=cJlP9JH29EWjk3NXtz49Lg==, figureFileBig=pq4AXO+Y4twcoosUlqgjvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790556956864585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774735405441376, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Changes in the galloping amplitude of the OPGW cable under different galloping frequencies, figureFileSmall=Lh4Zz3oNRJIztoj7bpOfPg==, figureFileBig=sT1XadhL9eA0TkEIi29z+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790557049139274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774735405441376, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同舞动频率下的OPGW光缆的舞动幅度变化情况, figureFileSmall=Lh4Zz3oNRJIztoj7bpOfPg==, figureFileBig=sT1XadhL9eA0TkEIi29z+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179790557103665227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774735405441376, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Performance indicators of the grating array-based phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
光栅阵列反射率/dB -40
光栅光谱3 dB带宽/nm 2.0
光栅间距/m 2
激光脉冲宽度/ns 10
探测距离/km 10
采样率/kHz 5
动态范围/dB 90
信噪比/dB 40
工作波长/nm 1 550.12
), ArticleFig(id=1179790557166579788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774735405441376, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

光栅阵列型相敏光时域反射仪性能指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
光栅阵列反射率/dB -40
光栅光谱3 dB带宽/nm 2.0
光栅间距/m 2
激光脉冲宽度/ns 10
探测距离/km 10
采样率/kHz 5
动态范围/dB 90
信噪比/dB 40
工作波长/nm 1 550.12
), ArticleFig(id=1179790557254660173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774735405441376, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Main performance indicators of the composite overhead line

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
光缆直径/mm 15
结构组成 1/3.0/20AS+3/3.0/20AS+12/3.0/20AS,
SUS 3/2.85
质量/(kg·km-1) 802
最大拉断力/kN ≥136
工作张力范围 16%~25% RTS
弹性模量/GPa 5
光单元内光纤数量/芯 24 (通信光纤)+1 (光栅阵列光纤)
余长/% 2.6
纤膏填充度/% 85
), ArticleFig(id=1179790557309186126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774735405441376, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

复合型架空线的主要性能指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
光缆直径/mm 15
结构组成 1/3.0/20AS+3/3.0/20AS+12/3.0/20AS,
SUS 3/2.85
质量/(kg·km-1) 802
最大拉断力/kN ≥136
工作张力范围 16%~25% RTS
弹性模量/GPa 5
光单元内光纤数量/芯 24 (通信光纤)+1 (光栅阵列光纤)
余长/% 2.6
纤膏填充度/% 85
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基于分布式光纤光栅阵列的OPGW振动监测技术
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罗啸宇 1 , 何光辉 2 , 梁永纯 1 , 谢文平 1 , 聂铭 1
科学技术与工程 | 论文·电工技术 2025,25(12): 5023-5028
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·电工技术 2025, 25(12): 5023-5028
基于分布式光纤光栅阵列的OPGW振动监测技术
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罗啸宇1 , 何光辉2, 梁永纯1, 谢文平1, 聂铭1
作者信息
  • 1 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院, 广州 510080
  • 2 武汉烽理光电技术有限公司, 武汉 430074
  • 罗啸宇(1986—),男,汉族,湖北黄冈人,博士,高级工程师。研究方向:电网防灾减灾。E-mail:

Vibration Monitoring Technology of OPGW Based on Distributed Fiber Bragg Grating Array
Xiao-yu LUO1 , Guang-hui HE2, Yong-chun LIANG1, Wen-ping XIE1, Ming NIE1
Affiliations
  • 1 Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co. , Ltd. , Guangzhou 510080, China
  • 2 Wuhan Fengli Photoelectric Technology Co. , Ltd. , Wuhan 430074, China
出版时间: 2025-04-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403918
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为提高输电线路安全监测水平,通过分布式光纤光栅阵列传感技术,对光纤复合架空地线光缆(optical power ground wire,OPGW)的动态运动特性进行实验室测量。结果表明:该技术能有效监测OPGW在模拟微风振动和舞动状态下的动态行为,清晰记录不同振动模式。实验数据揭示,通过提高光栅阵列传感器的空间密度和降低系统低频相位漂移,可进一步提升监测性能。可见,基于光纤布拉格光栅阵列的分布式振动传感技术为OPGW电缆的分布式动态结构健康监测提供了新的技术手段。

架空线缆  /  微风振动  /  舞动  /  分布式光纤振动传感  /  光纤布拉格光栅阵列传感

To enhance the safety monitoring of power transmission lines, the distributed fiber Bragg grating array sensing technology was employed to measure the dynamic motion characteristics of optical power ground wire (OPGW) cables in laboratory conditions. The results show that this technology can effectively monitor the dynamic behavior of OPGW under simulated aeolian vibrations and galloping states, clearly recording various vibration patterns. The experimental data reveal that by increasing the spatial density of the grating array sensors and reducing the system's low-frequency phase drift, the monitoring performance can be further enhanced. It is evident that the distributed vibration sensing technology based on fiber Bragg grating arrays provides a novel technical approach for the distributed dynamic structural health monitoring of OPGW cables.

overhead cables  /  aeolian vibration  /  galloping  /  distributed fiber vibration sensing  /  fiber Bragg grating array sensing
罗啸宇, 何光辉, 梁永纯, 谢文平, 聂铭. 基于分布式光纤光栅阵列的OPGW振动监测技术. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (12) : 5023 -5028 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403918
Xiao-yu LUO, Guang-hui HE, Yong-chun LIANG, Wen-ping XIE, Ming NIE. Vibration Monitoring Technology of OPGW Based on Distributed Fiber Bragg Grating Array[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (12) : 5023 -5028 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403918
光纤复合架空地线(optical power ground wire,OPGW)集成了通信线路和架空地线的功能,是一种特殊的电力架空电缆[1-2]。在受到一定的风荷载影响时,OPGW会产生振动,这不仅会导致金属线的疲劳和断股,从而危及电力通信系统的稳定性,还可能严重影响杆塔节点的使用寿命。此外,极端天气条件下的异常大的低频摆动可能导致大规模停电,进而造成巨大的经济损失[3-5]。因此,对OPGW的动态行为进行实时监测显得尤为重要。作为输电系统稳定运行的关键组成部分,OPGW的异常振动可能会导致杆塔倒塌和通信中断等严重事故,因此,加强对输电线路动态的监控,确保电网的稳定运行和减少经济损失具有重要的实际意义[1-6]
分布式光纤传感技术因其能够利用现有的光纤通信链路,并能有效避免强电磁场的干扰,被视为输电和通信线路维护及故障诊断的首选技术[7-8]。研究表明,分布式光纤应变和温度传感技术能够有效监测电缆的受力状态和温度变化[9-11]。此外,点式光纤光栅应变传感器能够用于监测电缆结冰的厚度。尽管分布式光纤布里渊温度应变监测系统(Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry,BOTDR)技术能够同时进行温度和应变测量,但其在有效应变监测方面存在局限,且温度监测的响应时间较慢。基于普通单模光纤的偏振时域反射技术(polarization optical time domain reflectometer,POTDR)和分布式光纤振动传感技术(distributed vibration sensor,DVS)虽能准确检测频率信号,但不能对幅度信号进行线性响应。Li等[12]提出了一种基于超短光纤布拉格光栅(fiber Bragg grating,FBG)的同时进行分布式静态和动态传感的方法,这为提高监测系统的分辨率和灵敏度提供了新的可能性。Zhou等[8]研究了基于超弱FBG反射器的光纤干涉仪阵列的解调技术,这对于提高传感器阵列的性能和可靠性具有重要意义。Wang等[13]探讨了具有相同超弱FBG的分布式OTDR-干涉传感网络,为构建大规模传感网络提供了新的思路。Horiguchi等[14]通过随机化参考光的偏振态,提高了OTDR系统在分布式应变和损耗测量中的性能。Kurashima等[15]利用偏振OTDR和相位产生的载波进行了分布式应变和温度传感,这为提高测量精度和分辨率提供了新的技术手段。Bao等[16]基于布里渊散射的分布式光纤振动传感器,为振动监测提供了新的方法。Kersey等[17]开发的基于FBG的点式传感器,能够监测振动,这对于局部应力和振动的监测具有重要意义。Staszewski等[18]综述了智能传感器在健康监测、损伤检测和基于条件的维护中的应用,强调了智能传感器在结构健康监测中的重要性。Hill等[19]讨论了光纤布拉格光栅传感器的基本原理和应用,为光纤传感器的设计和应用提供了理论基础。目前的光纤传感技术尚未能完全解决OPGW光缆在线运动监测的问题。
鉴于此,采用基于光纤光栅阵列的分布式光纤振动传感技术,对OPGW光缆的运动特性进行在线监测。在实验室环境中,对OPGW光缆在模拟微风振动和舞动状态下的动态行为进行细致的评估,并详细描述在强烈振动状态下的频率响应曲线。通过在光纤复合架空地线的光学单元中嵌入光纤光栅阵列,实现对动态行为的有效捕捉。基于这种特殊的嵌入式传感光纤,能够实现一种新一代的智能OPGW电缆在线监测系统,从而提高智能电网的安全运行水平。
分布式光栅阵列振动传感技术是一种基于光纤光栅阵列的创新性振动监测方法。该技术利用光栅阵列形成的局部反射单元之间的相干性,设计出具有相位线性还原能力的光时域反射系统。当光缆的某个位置发生振动时,该位置的光纤会产生形变,导致光信号的传播相位发生改变。这种相位的变化会反映在返回的定向反射光的干涉信号上。通过采用相应的相位解调算法,就可以从干涉信号中提取出振动位置处光纤的振动信息[20-21]
图1展示了本次实验所使用的测量系统原理。该系统采用了光栅阵列型相敏光时域反射仪,其性能指标如表1所示。光栅阵列型相敏光时域反射仪是实现分布式光栅阵列振动传感的核心设备,它可以通过光纤光栅阵列实现高灵敏度、高分辨率的振动监测。
图2为设计的一种OPGW的内部结构。该电缆的主体部分由铝包钢绞线构成,具有优异的机械强度和导电性能。在光单元内部布置FBG阵列传感器和通信光纤。这种设计使得OPGW电缆不仅可以充当高压输电线路的接地保护,还能同时实现振动监测和通信数据传输的功能。
为了保护FBG阵列传感光纤和通信光纤免受外界环境的影响,它们被置于同一个由不锈钢管构成的光学单元中。不锈钢管具有良好的隔离性和抗腐蚀性,可以为光纤提供稳定可靠的工作环境。
表2给出了所测试OPGW电缆的主要性能指标。混合光学单元中包含24芯通信光纤和1芯振动传感光纤,可以同时满足大容量通信和分布式振动监测的需求。该OPGW电缆的额定拉力达到136 kN,表明其具有优异的机械强度,能够适应复杂的外部环境和载荷条件。
微风振动是架空线缆常见的一种振动现象。与其他类型的振动相比,微风振动具有发生概率高、振幅小、频率高的特点。对于OPGW光缆而言,微风引起的振动幅值通常不超过10 mm,频率范围介于数赫兹至百赫兹。这种微小但高频的振动,可能会对OPGW光缆的长期机械性能和光传输性能产生潜在影响,因此有必要对其进行深入研究和监测。
为了在实验室条件下模拟微风振动,搭建图3所示的实验装置。实验中,对OPGW光缆施加预拉伸张力,使其达到额定拉断力(rated tensile strength,RTS)的20%,通过拉力传感器控制拉力为27 kN。这一预张力设置,模拟了OPGW光缆在实际架空敷设时的受力状态。
在施加预张力后,利用激振器对OPGW光缆施加振动激励。激振器可以产生特定频率和幅值的振动,通过调节激振器的参数,可以模拟不同风速下的微风振动情况。通过该实验装置,可以在可控的条件下研究微风振动对OPGW光缆的影响,包括振动特性、机械性能变化、光传输性能等。
微风振动模拟实验中,为了便于观测和分析振动信号,选择靠近冲击器的位置作为检测点。图4图5给出了不同振动频率(10、80 Hz)下检测到的时域信号和相应的频谱图。
基于光栅阵列的传感光纤虽然位于OPGW光学单元内部,并且具有一定的冗余长度,但它仍然能够有效地感知外部振动信号,并准确区分不同频率的外部激励信息。这表明了该传感技术具有良好的敏感性和频率分辨能力。
在低频振动(如10 Hz)时,检测到的信号失真非常小,接近于标准的正弦激励信号。这说明在低频范围内,OPGW电缆能够较好地跟随激振器的振动,传感光纤能够准确地反映实际的振动状态。
在高频振动(如80 Hz)时,检测到的信号出现了较大的失真。造成这种现象的主要原因是,在高频驱动下,OPGW电缆会产生不规则的运动,导致传感光纤无法完全跟随电缆的振动,从而引入了信号失真。
所有被测信号都存在较大的低频相位漂移和相位噪声。这主要是由激光器的频率噪声引起的。频率噪声会导致光信号的相位出现随机漂移,进而影响振动信号的检测精度。
在进行OPGW电缆的舞动试验时,首先按照图6所示的布置方式,将OPGW电缆以2%的额定拉断力(RTS)安装在试验档上。舞动试验装置的布置如图6所示。固定点AB之间的距离为60 m,舞动试验机位于试验档的一端D点,与固定点B的距离为5 m。OPGW电缆的中部通过预绞丝固定到悬挂点E处,并与舞动试验机相连接。
在试验准备阶段,需要在A端对光纤进行熔接,并将其接入FBGS-DVS系统,以实现对OPGW电缆振动的实时监测。完成系统连接后,通过调节舞动试验机的激振频率,使OPGW电缆达到稳定的舞动状态。当光缆的摆动幅度达到1 m以上时,可以认为已经模拟了实际线路中的舞动运动状态。在整个试验过程中,FBGS-DVS系统会持续采集振动数据,为后续的分析和研究提供依据。
在这部分实验中,利用舞动试验机对OPGW电缆施加不同的激振频率,以模拟实际线路中的舞动状态。图7展示了在1.5 Hz和1.7 Hz两种激励频率下,OPGW电缆的振动信号形态。其中,距离A位置40 m处设置了一个悬挂点,将测试区间分为AE段和BE段。
在实验过程中,AE段呈现出上下震荡的大幅度振动,表明该区间内的OPGW电缆处于剧烈的舞动状态。为了准确分析振动信号,首先对采集到的数据进行预处理。通过选取5 min的数据片段,并扣除由激光器频率不稳定导致的信号漂移,可以有效地提取出与激励频率相关的振动信号。然后,通过提取每个光栅分区处位置段幅度变化的最大绝对值,得到了反映OPGW电缆运动幅度的测量信号。
图7中可以看出,悬挂点E处(距离A位置40 m)的运动幅度相对较小,而BE段的OPGW电缆则呈现出椭圆形的舞动状态,其振动幅度小于AE段。这种幅度响应曲线的变化趋势,能够很好地反映出OPGW电缆在不同区间内的舞动形态。
进一步对比1.5、1.7 Hz激励频率下的振动信号,可以发现1.7 Hz时OPGW电缆的运动幅度明显大于1.5 Hz时的情况,最大振幅超过1 m。这一结果表明,激励频率的变化会显著影响OPGW电缆的舞动状态和振幅。通过分析不同震动幅度下的信号输出最大值,可以建立起舞动幅度与信号输出之间的关联,为定量评估OPGW电缆的舞动状态提供依据。
在这部分实验中,通过控制舞动试验机对OPGW电缆施加频率范围为0.4~1.8 Hz的激励信号,并对监测段内所有监测点的数据进行分析,研究激励频率对OPGW电缆舞动状态的影响。
为了获取不同激励频率下的舞动信号强度信息,首先对监测段内所有监测点的时域信号进行采集,然后通过傅里叶变换将时域信号转换为频域信号。通过提取频域信号的峰值强度,得到了反映舞动强度的定量指标。
图8展示了不同激励频率下舞动信号强度的变化趋势。可以看出,随着激励频率的增加,OPGW电缆的舞动信号强度呈现出先增加后减小的趋势。在1.7 Hz处,舞动信号强度达到最大值,表明此时OPGW电缆处于最佳舞动状态,该频率为系统的共振频率。当激励频率继续增大时,系统的运动幅度反而逐渐减小,不再满足舞动状态的条件。
通过本实验确定了模拟舞动装置的最佳舞动频率为1.7 Hz。这一结果证明了利用光栅阵列传感系统对输电线路导线的舞动信息进行监测的可行性。
(1)利用光纤光栅阵列传感技术对OPGW光缆进行动态响应监测的方法。通过在OPGW光缆的光纤单元中嵌入光纤光栅阵列传感光纤,实现了对光缆振动和舞动等动态行为的感知和检测。
(2)在实验系统中,采用空间间隔为2 m的FBG传感器阵列,并使用采样频率为5 000 Hz的解调单元对振动信号进行采集。实验研究了OPGW光缆在高频(10~80 Hz)小振幅(1 mm和10 mm)振动以及低频(0.4~2 Hz)大振幅(1 m)舞动情况下的幅频响应特性。
(3)测试结果表明,利用分布式光栅阵列传感技术对OPGW电缆的运动状态进行监测是可行的。当前实验系统的空间分辨率为2 m,考虑到实际应用需求,还存在进一步提升的空间。同时,系统的采样率为5 000 Hz,已经能够满足状态监测的需求。
(4)通过对OPGW光缆的信号响应特性进行分析,可以发现对微风振动的状态监测有助于评估电缆的疲劳程度和受力情况,而对舞动的监测则可以实现对电缆在脱冰、跳跃以及大风灾害等极端条件下运动状态的在线监测。实验中使用的激励信号可以视为模拟风振和电缆舞动行为的等效激励。
(5)实验结果证明了基于光栅阵列相敏光时域反射技术的OPGW光缆分布式动态结构健康监测方法的实用性和可行性。该技术能够真实地描述OPGW光缆的振动行为,为光缆的状态评估和故障预警提供重要的数据支持。
  • 中国南方电网有限责任公司科技项目(GDKJXM20220137)
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2025年第25卷第12期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403918
  • 接收时间:2024-05-27
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-04-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-27
  • 修回日期:2025-02-04
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中国南方电网有限责任公司科技项目(GDKJXM20220137)
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    1 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院, 广州 510080
    2 武汉烽理光电技术有限公司, 武汉 430074
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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