Article(id=1149774728988156154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149774724923880044, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403831, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1716393600000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-23, revisedDate=1738252800000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-31, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752057257170, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1745769600000, pubDateStr=2025-04-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752057257170, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752057257170, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752057257170, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149774724923880044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='12', pageStart='4827', pageEnd='5272', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752057256203, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456746933, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559174552764785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149774724923880044, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559174552764786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149774724923880044, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=4881, endPage=4888, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149774729244008702, articleId=1149774728988156154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Comparison of Geochemical Characteristics of Light Hydrocarbons (C5—C7) in Headspace Gas of Oil and Natural Gas in the Qaidam Basin, columnId=1156262729351549255, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Astronomy and Geosciences, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To determine the accuracy of the light hydrocarbon parameter obtained from the headspace gas, crude oils and associated gases from six wells in the western part of the Qaidam Basin were collected. The composition and carbon isotopes of individual light hydrocarbons from headspace gas and natural gas were analyzed and compared. The results show that the content of C5—C7 light hydrocarbons obtained from headspace gas is higher than that in natural gas, but the relative contents of each light hydrocarbon obtained from two methods are similar. It is found that light hydrocarbon parameters calculated from headspace gas and natural gas share similar results in studying the genesis type, generation temperature and other aspects, but get different results in evaluating the maturity by using heptane and isoheptane values. Besides, the carbon isotopes of individual light hydrocarbons in headspace gas are greater than those in natural gas, among which cyclo-alkanes have the smallest carbon isotope difference. Particularly, the carbon isotopes of methylcyclohexane (δ13CMCC6) in the headspace gas are close to those in natural gas. Therefore, the main parameters of light hydrocarbons and δ13CMCC6 can be accurately obtained from the headspace gas of crude oil. The research results provide a basis for enriching the application of light hydrocarbon geochemistry in oil and gas accumulation.

, correspAuthors=Shi-xin ZHOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Chen ZHANG, Ke-fei CHEN, Shi-xin ZHOU, Jing LI, Dao-yong ZHANG, Wen-li JIANG, Ji-hong REN, Hai-xiao GUO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149774760042783713, articleId=1149774728988156154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=柴达木盆地原油顶空气和天然气的轻烃(C5—C7)地球化学特征对比, columnId=1156262730077163858, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·天文学、地球科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为判断原油顶空气轻烃参数的准确性,采集柴达木盆地西部地区6口井的原油和伴生气,对比分析了原油顶空气和天然气中轻烃的组分和单体烃碳同位素特征。结果表明:顶空气中的C5—C7轻烃化合物含量比天然气中的轻烃化合物含量高,但两种方式得到的轻烃相对含量接近;在利用轻烃参数研究油气成因类型、生成温度等方面,两种方式得到的结果相近,但在利用庚烷值和异庚烷值判断油气成熟度时,会得到不同的结果;顶空气较天然气具有整体偏重的轻烃单体烃碳同位素特征,其中环烷烃碳同位素偏重幅度最小,并且两种方式得到的甲基环己烷碳同位素值(δ13CMCC6)相近。可见,利用原油顶空气可准确获取主要的轻烃参数和δ13CMCC6,研究成果为丰富轻烃地球化学在油气成藏中的应用提供了依据。

, correspAuthors=周世新, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 周世新(1966—),男,汉族,四川简阳人,博士,研究员。研究方向:油气地球化学。E-mail:
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张臣(1992—),女,汉族,河北保定人,博士,助理研究员。研究方向:天然气地球化学。E-mail:

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张臣(1992—),女,汉族,河北保定人,博士,助理研究员。研究方向:天然气地球化学。E-mail:

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张臣(1992—),女,汉族,河北保定人,博士,助理研究员。研究方向:天然气地球化学。E-mail:

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Application of C7 light hydrocarbon parameters in identifying source rock depositional environment[J]. 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Light hydrocarbons data for headspace gas from oil and natural gas in the western part of Qaidam Basin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
井号 地层 类型 相对含量/% K1 异庚
烷值
正庚
烷值
生成温
度/℃
C5—C7
环烷烃
C5—C7
正构烷烃
C5—C7
异构烷烃
二甲基
环戊烷
正庚烷 甲基
环己烷
狮205 E 3 2 原油 11.8 51.4 36.8 24.0 47.6 28.4 1.08 2.1 23.8 117.9
游评3 N 2 1 原油 10.6 46.7 42.7 5.1 76.3 18.5 1.20 5.4 48.6 126.0
英4-2 N 2 1 原油 8.6 46.6 44.8 8.3 70.4 21.3 1.24 3.0 44.4 125.5
乌北6-19 N 2 1 原油 32.7 32.1 35.3 22.9 43.6 33.6 1.22 1.7 26.0 121.9
绿4-5 N 2 1 原油 34.2 36.5 29.3 16.2 50.4 33.3 1.26 1.8 33.4 120.2
扎探3 E 3 1 原油 10.6 40.6 48.8 7.8 78.2 14.0 1.05 11.6 41.1 136.3
狮205 E 3 2 天然气 19.0 48.4 32.6 18.0 51.5 30.5 1.07 1.9 32.1 115.6
游评3 N 2 1 天然气 11.8 44.9 43.3 13.9 63.0 23.1 1.32 2.6 38.0 128.5
英4-2 N 2 1 天然气 14.3 41.0 44.7 16.9 58.0 25.0 1.27 2.4 32.9 127.4
乌北6-19 N 2 1 天然气 24.8 34.8 40.4 18.0 47.4 34.6 1.16 2.0 29.6 121.3
绿4-5 N 2 1 天然气 21.1 41.8 37.1 16.3 54.7 28.9 1.42 2.0 34.9 121.4
扎探3 E 3 1 天然气 3.6 46.4 50.0 5.7 84.6 9.6 1.05 12.4 48.7 141.7
), ArticleFig(id=1179789705076945462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774728988156154, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

柴西地区原油顶空气和天然气轻烃地球化学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
井号 地层 类型 相对含量/% K1 异庚
烷值
正庚
烷值
生成温
度/℃
C5—C7
环烷烃
C5—C7
正构烷烃
C5—C7
异构烷烃
二甲基
环戊烷
正庚烷 甲基
环己烷
狮205 E 3 2 原油 11.8 51.4 36.8 24.0 47.6 28.4 1.08 2.1 23.8 117.9
游评3 N 2 1 原油 10.6 46.7 42.7 5.1 76.3 18.5 1.20 5.4 48.6 126.0
英4-2 N 2 1 原油 8.6 46.6 44.8 8.3 70.4 21.3 1.24 3.0 44.4 125.5
乌北6-19 N 2 1 原油 32.7 32.1 35.3 22.9 43.6 33.6 1.22 1.7 26.0 121.9
绿4-5 N 2 1 原油 34.2 36.5 29.3 16.2 50.4 33.3 1.26 1.8 33.4 120.2
扎探3 E 3 1 原油 10.6 40.6 48.8 7.8 78.2 14.0 1.05 11.6 41.1 136.3
狮205 E 3 2 天然气 19.0 48.4 32.6 18.0 51.5 30.5 1.07 1.9 32.1 115.6
游评3 N 2 1 天然气 11.8 44.9 43.3 13.9 63.0 23.1 1.32 2.6 38.0 128.5
英4-2 N 2 1 天然气 14.3 41.0 44.7 16.9 58.0 25.0 1.27 2.4 32.9 127.4
乌北6-19 N 2 1 天然气 24.8 34.8 40.4 18.0 47.4 34.6 1.16 2.0 29.6 121.3
绿4-5 N 2 1 天然气 21.1 41.8 37.1 16.3 54.7 28.9 1.42 2.0 34.9 121.4
扎探3 E 3 1 天然气 3.6 46.4 50.0 5.7 84.6 9.6 1.05 12.4 48.7 141.7
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柴达木盆地原油顶空气和天然气的轻烃(C5—C7)地球化学特征对比
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张臣 1 , 陈克非 2 , 周世新 3, 4, * , 李靖 3, 4 , 张道勇 1 , 姜文利 1 , 任继红 1 , 郭海晓 1
科学技术与工程 | 论文·天文学、地球科学 2025,25(12): 4881-4888
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·天文学、地球科学 2025, 25(12): 4881-4888
柴达木盆地原油顶空气和天然气的轻烃(C5—C7)地球化学特征对比
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张臣1 , 陈克非2, 周世新3, 4, * , 李靖3, 4, 张道勇1, 姜文利1, 任继红1, 郭海晓1
作者信息
  • 1 自然资源部油气资源战略研究中心, 北京 100034
  • 2 中国石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
  • 3 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院, 兰州 730000
  • 4 甘肃省油气资源研究重点实验室, 兰州 730000
  • 张臣(1992—),女,汉族,河北保定人,博士,助理研究员。研究方向:天然气地球化学。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 周世新(1966—),男,汉族,四川简阳人,博士,研究员。研究方向:油气地球化学。E-mail:
Comparison of Geochemical Characteristics of Light Hydrocarbons (C5—C7) in Headspace Gas of Oil and Natural Gas in the Qaidam Basin
Chen ZHANG1 , Ke-fei CHEN2, Shi-xin ZHOU3, 4, * , Jing LI3, 4, Dao-yong ZHANG1, Wen-li JIANG1, Ji-hong REN1, Hai-xiao GUO1
Affiliations
  • 1 Strategic Research Center of Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100034, China
  • 2 PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China
  • 3 Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • 4 Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
出版时间: 2025-04-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403831
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为判断原油顶空气轻烃参数的准确性,采集柴达木盆地西部地区6口井的原油和伴生气,对比分析了原油顶空气和天然气中轻烃的组分和单体烃碳同位素特征。结果表明:顶空气中的C5—C7轻烃化合物含量比天然气中的轻烃化合物含量高,但两种方式得到的轻烃相对含量接近;在利用轻烃参数研究油气成因类型、生成温度等方面,两种方式得到的结果相近,但在利用庚烷值和异庚烷值判断油气成熟度时,会得到不同的结果;顶空气较天然气具有整体偏重的轻烃单体烃碳同位素特征,其中环烷烃碳同位素偏重幅度最小,并且两种方式得到的甲基环己烷碳同位素值(δ13CMCC6)相近。可见,利用原油顶空气可准确获取主要的轻烃参数和δ13CMCC6,研究成果为丰富轻烃地球化学在油气成藏中的应用提供了依据。

天然气  /  顶空气技术  /  C5—C7轻烃  /  单体烃碳同位素

To determine the accuracy of the light hydrocarbon parameter obtained from the headspace gas, crude oils and associated gases from six wells in the western part of the Qaidam Basin were collected. The composition and carbon isotopes of individual light hydrocarbons from headspace gas and natural gas were analyzed and compared. The results show that the content of C5—C7 light hydrocarbons obtained from headspace gas is higher than that in natural gas, but the relative contents of each light hydrocarbon obtained from two methods are similar. It is found that light hydrocarbon parameters calculated from headspace gas and natural gas share similar results in studying the genesis type, generation temperature and other aspects, but get different results in evaluating the maturity by using heptane and isoheptane values. Besides, the carbon isotopes of individual light hydrocarbons in headspace gas are greater than those in natural gas, among which cyclo-alkanes have the smallest carbon isotope difference. Particularly, the carbon isotopes of methylcyclohexane (δ13CMCC6) in the headspace gas are close to those in natural gas. Therefore, the main parameters of light hydrocarbons and δ13CMCC6 can be accurately obtained from the headspace gas of crude oil. The research results provide a basis for enriching the application of light hydrocarbon geochemistry in oil and gas accumulation.

natural gas  /  technology of headspace gas  /  C5—C7 light hydrocarbons  /  carbon isotopes of individual hydrocarbons
张臣, 陈克非, 周世新, 李靖, 张道勇, 姜文利, 任继红, 郭海晓. 柴达木盆地原油顶空气和天然气的轻烃(C5—C7)地球化学特征对比. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (12) : 4881 -4888 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403831
Chen ZHANG, Ke-fei CHEN, Shi-xin ZHOU, Jing LI, Dao-yong ZHANG, Wen-li JIANG, Ji-hong REN, Hai-xiao GUO. Comparison of Geochemical Characteristics of Light Hydrocarbons (C5—C7) in Headspace Gas of Oil and Natural Gas in the Qaidam Basin[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (12) : 4881 -4888 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403831
轻烃广义上是指C14之前的烷烃化合物[1-2],狭义上指C3—C7[3]、C2—C7[4]、C5—C10[5]或C5—C9[6]的烷烃化合物,C5—C7的烷烃化合物是目前使用最广泛的轻烃。轻烃是油气组分中重要的一类化合物,其组分常用于判断油气母质类型、推测油气成熟度、研究次生改造等[5-9];轻烃单体烃碳同位素常用于判识生烃母源类型和油-油对比等研究[10-12]。大多数油气藏都经历了单源或多源的多期充注,轻烃作为一种油气地球化学分析的辅助手段,与天然气和生物标志化合物等相联合,可以更详尽地展示复杂的含油气系统[12-15]
柴达木盆地西部地区(简称柴西)烃源岩的成熟度在0.7%~1.5%,以生油为主[16-17]。通过分析该地区天然气中的轻烃组分计算得到油气的生成温度,发现生成温度与包裹体温度有较好的对应性,能反映油气成藏的主要时期[9]。但柴西地区原油伴生气分布较少,可通过分析原油轻烃组分补充该地区不同区块的油气生成温度,为柴西地区油气勘探提供依据。
原油轻烃组分分析手段较多,包括直接进样法、蒸馏切割分析法、程序升温蒸发进样器(PTV)切割反吹法和顶空气分析法。直接进样法可获取真实可靠的数据,是常用方法,但该方法会损害色谱柱,缩短色谱柱使用寿命,实验成本费用较高;蒸馏切割分析法分析时间短,但会造成轻烃分馏,不能真实反映原油中轻烃组分;PTV切割反吹法可获取靠近真实值的数据,但此方法需增加前处理装置,实验程序较为烦琐;顶空气分析法操作简单、快捷,有研究指出使用80 ℃加热可获得较可靠的轻烃组分[18-19]。综合考虑实验的经济性、结果可靠性和分析效率,顶空气分析方法具有明显优势,但目前尚未开展过判断顶空气轻烃参数准确性的相关研究。
柴西地区原油伴生气通常为湿气,其中轻烃含量较高,可以很好地反映该地区轻烃地球化学特征。现通过对比分析顶空气和天然气中轻烃组分和单体烃碳同位素,为顶空气轻烃参数的准确性提供依据,丰富轻烃地球化学在油气成藏中的应用。
柴达木盆地位于青藏高原东北部,三面环山,西北部为阿尔金山,东北部为祁连山,南部为昆仑山。依据构造演化和沉降中心迁移,柴达木盆地形成三套相对独立的含油气系统,柴达木盆地西部为古近系-新近系含油气系统,北部为侏罗系含油气系统,东部为第四系含油气系统[16]。柴西烃源岩主要为下干柴沟-上干柴沟组咸水湖湘泥岩和钙质泥岩,主力烃源岩的总有机碳(total organic carbon,TOC)含量分布在0.1%~2.7%,平均为0.4%;有机质类型主要为Ⅱ型干酪根与部分Ⅲ型干酪根;镜质组反射率Ro在0.40%~1.30%变化[20-22]。狮子沟、游园沟、英东、乌南和扎哈泉油田均位于柴西的西南部(图1)。
在柴西地区的狮子沟、游园沟、英东、扎哈全和乌南油气田,选择6口油井采集天然气和原油样品(图1)。采样过程中,将井口与不锈钢瓶连接,首先使用天然气冲洗钢瓶,然后对天然气进行采集。同时,将现场采集的原油及时装入棕色玻璃瓶,待到实验室取原油加入顶空气分析使用的玻璃瓶,使用橡胶和盖子密封。将采集好的天然气样品和原油样品在实验室内开展C5—C7轻烃组分和单体烃碳同位素分析,实验分析均在甘肃省油气资源研究重点实验室完成。
轻烃组分分析在安捷伦6890N气相色谱仪(gas chromatograph,GC)联合5973N质谱仪(mass spectrometer,MS)上完成。色谱柱选用HP-1柱,载气为高纯氦气,进样方式为直接进样。色谱升温程序等参看文献[20]。轻烃单体碳同位素分析首先使用固相微萃取技术(solid-phase microextraction,SPME)对天然气中的轻烃进行富集,然后将固相为萃取装置注入气相色谱/同位素质谱仪(gas chromatograph-isotope ratio mass spectrometer,GC-IRMS),萃取设备和萃取条件等参看文献[11]。色谱柱和升温程序与轻烃组分分析条件一致。
原油顶空气的获取方式为:将玻璃瓶中的原油样品进行加热(80 ℃条件下加热30 min),使原油中的轻质烃类挥发到小瓶的顶部空间,待放置一段时间达到气液平衡后,玻璃瓶顶部空气即为所要分析的对象。
抽取顶空气注入色谱/质谱仪进行分析,可获得原油轻烃组分,实验条件与天然气轻烃分析一致。将萃取装置插入玻璃瓶,对顶部气体进行富集,后将萃取装置注入气相色谱/同位素质谱仪即可获得原油中轻烃单体烃碳同位素。萃取设备和仪器条件与天然气轻烃萃取方式相同。
在气相和油相中均检测到C5—C7轻烃的正构烷烃、异构烷烃、环烷烃和芳香烃,对比顶空气和天然气获得的轻烃色谱图,发现利用顶空气得到的C5—C7轻烃化合物含量更高,尤其是正构烷烃和异构烷烃含量相对较高(图2)。这一特征主要因为轻烃优先富集在液相中,原始原油样品富含大量轻烃,加热后轻烃挥发至顶空。具有同一碳数的轻烃化合物,沸点从高到低依次为环烷烃、正构烷烃和异构烷烃,并且沸点低的轻烃化合物在加热后会优先进入气相[23],因此顶空气中正构烷烃和异构烷烃含量相对较高。
通过直接进样分析天然气和凝析油中的不同化合物比值,发现比值中分子与分母化合物的沸点之差越大,该比值在天然气与伴生原油中相差越大[24];如1,顺3-/1,反2-二甲基环戊烷、2-甲基己烷/3-甲基己烷、3-甲基戊烷/正己烷、2-甲基戊烷/正己烷、3-甲基己烷/正庚烷、2-甲基己烷/正庚烷,分子与分母化合物的沸点之差逐渐增大,它们在天然气中与伴生原油的比值会相差越大[24]。但在本次研究中没有观察到这些比值参数随化合物沸点之差增加而逐渐增大的现象,如图3所示,这可能与原油分析方法有关,通过顶空气方法分析原油中的轻烃组分。整体来看,油相和气相中的轻烃化合物含量比值相近,反映了顶空气与天然气中轻烃的相对含量相近。
轻烃常用参数,如判断油气母质类型、沉积环境、成熟度、生成温度、油气源关系等,通常由多种结构的轻烃化合物组成,因此需要开展原油和天然气轻烃参数对比研究。
研究发现,油型气中具有高含量的正构烷烃,煤成气中具有高含量的异构烷烃和环烷烃[25-26]。因此利用C5—C7的正构烷烃、异构烷烃和环烷烃开展天然气成因类型判识。柴西地区天然气轻烃和原油轻烃均表现出正构烷烃含量高、环烷烃含量低的特征(表1图4)。以正构烷烃相对含量30%为划分依据[7],可得到柴西地区原油和天然气均形成于腐泥型有机质。并且相同井的原油和天然气样品分布相近,说明利用顶空气分析得到的C5—C7轻烃组分可以较好地判断油气成因类型。
天然气成因类型可通过C7轻烃中的正庚烷、甲基环己烷和二甲基环戊烷判断[27-28]。研究表明,正庚烷主要为藻类和细菌贡献产生,甲基环己烷主要为陆地高等植物产生,二甲基环戊烷主要为多种水生生物产生[4]。如图5所示,柴西地区原油样品和天然气样品均位于腐泥型范围,且同一口井的原油样品和天然气样品分布相近,说明利用顶空气分析得到的C7轻烃组分可较好的判断油气成因类型。
轻烃的庚烷值和异庚烷值在判断油气成熟度方面得到了广泛应用,Thompson[3]基于美国地区Ⅲ型干酪根的庚烷值和镜质体反射率关系,建立了相关成熟度划分阶段的图版。文献[29]基于中国不同类型沉积盆地的原油和凝析油,建立相适应的庚烷值和异庚烷划分标准。柴西地区有机质类型主要为腐泥型有机质,使用文献[29]建立的图版开展轻烃成熟度研究。结果显示,柴西地区天然气和原油分布在成熟-高成熟阶段(图6),总体来看,轻烃得到的成熟度较实际成熟度偏高,主要与柴西地区烃源岩为咸水湖相有关,在相同热演化程度下,咸水湖相烃源岩较淡水湖相烃源岩会生成更多的正庚烷和异构烷烃,使得咸水湖相环境中的庚烷值与异庚烷值偏高[30]。原油得到的成熟度较天然气的分布范围广,如狮205、游评3和英4-2井的天然气与原油位于不同的成熟度范围。整体来看,利用庚烷值和异庚烷值判断同一井的天然气和原油成熟度时,会得到不同的结果。
研究发现,利用轻烃中2, 4-二甲基戊烷与2,3-二甲基戊烷的比值可计算油气的生成温度[9],计算公式为
T=140+15ln 2,4 - D M C 5 2,3 - D M C 5
式(1)中:2,4-DMC5为2,4-二甲基戊烷,表示化合物在C7化合物中的相对含量,%;2,3-DMC5为2,3-二甲基戊烷,表示化合物在C7化合物中的相对含量,%;T为油气生成温度,℃。
对大多数样品,通过天然气和原油计算得到的生成温度差值小,均在2 ℃之内,只有扎探3井天然气较原油生成温度高约5 ℃(表1图7)。整体来看,通过原油和天然气轻烃计算得到的油气生成温度具有较好的一致性。
Mango[6]研究发现,石油中存在C7异构烷烃比值的不变性,提出K1参数,其可以用来进行油气源对比,来源相同的油气通常具有相同的K1值,来源不同的油气具有不同的K1[9-10]K1参数表达式为
K1= 2 - M C 6 + 2,3 - D M C 5 3 - M C 6 + 2,4 - D M C 5
式(2)中:2-MC6为2-甲基己烷;3-MC6为3-甲基己烷;2,3-DMC5为2,3-二甲基戊烷;2,4-DMC5为2,4-二甲基戊烷,这4个参数的单位均为%,表示化合物在C7化合物中的相对含量。
柴西地区原油的K1平均值为1.18,其伴生天然气的K1平均值为1.21(表1),两者之间的K1非常接近。如图8所示,柴西地区同一口井的原油样品与天然气样品几乎分布在同一直线上,表明利用顶空气得到的K1与天然气测试得到的K1具有较好的一致性。
油气的碳同位素组成可较好的反映油气内在联系,那些由相似或相同烃源岩生成的油气通常具有相近的C5—C7轻烃单体烃碳同位素[12]。如图9(a)所示,狮205井、乌北6-19井和扎探3井的原油和天然气中轻烃的单体烃碳同位素分布特征,整体来看同一口井的原油轻烃和天然气轻烃具有相近的单体烃碳同位素。同时,也可发现原油轻烃单体烃碳同位素比天然气轻烃单体烃碳同位素偏重,造成这一现象的主要原因是轻烃在分馏作用下会导致油相中富集更多的13C轻烃。如图9(b)所示,3口井原油和天然气轻烃单体烃碳同位素差值的平均值,其中,异构烷烃在油相和气相中显示出较大的碳同位素差异,差值平均约为1.2‰;环烷烃在油相和气相中显示出较小的碳同位素差异,差值平均约为0.7‰。造成这一现象的主要原因可能为支链烷烃相对环烷烃更容易进入气相,而环烷烃相对不易进入气相。甲基环己烷的碳同位素值(δ13CMCC6)在油相和气相之间差值最小,约为0.5‰。δ13CMCC6主要受油气成因类型控制,能很好地区分油型气和煤成气,通过此次研究,可以拓展δ13CMCC6在油气成因类型方面的使用。
(1)利用原油顶空气得到的C5—C7轻烃化合物含量较天然气中的轻烃化合物含量高,但是顶空气与天然气中轻烃的相对含量相近。
(2)顶空气与天然气中的轻烃参数在判断油气成因类型、生成温度和油气关系时,具有相近的参数分布和判断结果,在利用庚烷值和异庚烷值判断油气成熟度时,会影响判断结果。
(3)顶空气较天然气的轻烃单体烃碳同位素偏重,其中,支链烷烃偏重幅度最大,约为1.2‰,环烷烃偏重幅度最小,约为0.7‰;顶空气与天然气的δ13CMCC6相近,碳同位素差值约为0.5‰,表明原油顶空气中的δ13CMCC6可较好地用于判断油气母质类型。
  • 国家自然科学基金(41872147)
  • 国家自然科学基金(42272192)
  • 国家自然科学基金(42302168)
  • 甘肃省油气资源研究重点实验室开放基金(SZDKFJJ2023/002)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403831
  • 接收时间:2024-05-23
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-04-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-23
  • 修回日期:2025-01-31
基金
国家自然科学基金(41872147)
国家自然科学基金(42272192)
国家自然科学基金(42302168)
甘肃省油气资源研究重点实验室开放基金(SZDKFJJ2023/002)
作者信息
    1 自然资源部油气资源战略研究中心, 北京 100034
    2 中国石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
    3 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院, 兰州 730000
    4 甘肃省油气资源研究重点实验室, 兰州 730000

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* 周世新(1966—),男,汉族,四川简阳人,博士,研究员。研究方向:油气地球化学。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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