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Article(id=1149774727683732099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149774724923880044, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403903, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1716739200000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-27, revisedDate=1738512000000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752057256860, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1745769600000, pubDateStr=2025-04-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752057256860, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752057256860, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752057256860, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149774724923880044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='12', pageStart='4827', pageEnd='5272', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752057256203, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456746933, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559174552764785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149774724923880044, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559174552764786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149774724923880044, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=5173, endPage=5180, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149774728115745413, articleId=1149774727683732099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Structural Safety Analysis of Platform Fire Fighting Vehicles, columnId=1156262728772735295, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Traffics and Transportations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the structural strength of platform fire fighting vehicles, and to address the impact of the structural design of its sub-frame, stabilizers, and booms on the stability and safety of the entire vehicle, ANSYS software simulation was used to study its structural strength, and experimental verification was conducted. A simplified 3D model of the sub-frame with stabilizers, and the booms were established separately, the stress distribution under various working conditions was simulated. Then, an experimental environment was set up for stress testing. The results show that when the entire boom is horizontally extended to the left or right of the fire fighting vehicle, it is more likely to experience the phenomenon of virtual legs, with the values of 22.5 mm and 17.5 mm, respectively. The maximum stress of the boom during the retraction and extension process occurs in the area of the folding arm's variable amplitude hinge point and the overlapping area of the telescopic arm. And the difference between the stress data obtained from experiments and simulations is about 4%. This not only provides good guidance for the security testing of platform fire fighting vehicles, but also verifies the credibility of the simulation method, which is helpful for the structural design and optimization of platform fire fighting vehicles.

, correspAuthors=Chang-wei WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Meng-bin XIE, Chang-wei WANG, Lan ZHANG, Jiang-tao WU, Dou-yuan WANG, Xu-dong JIANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149774754204316144, articleId=1149774727683732099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=登高平台消防车结构安全性分析, columnId=1156262730664366426, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·交通运输, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为研究登高平台消防车的结构强度,针对其副车架、支腿及臂架的结构设计对整车稳定性、安全性的影响问题,采用ANSYS软件仿真,研究其结构强度,并用实验进行验证。分别建立简化的副车架、支腿一体式三维模型和臂架三维模型,模拟其在各种工作状态下的应力分布情况,再搭建实验环境进行应力测试。结果显示:整个臂架向消防车正左或正右水平展开的工况下,更容易出现支腿虚腿现象,虚腿量分别为22.5 mm和17.5 mm;臂架在回拉与伸出过程中最大应力出现在折叠臂变幅绞点区域、伸缩臂搭接区域;实验与仿真得到的应力数据相差约4%。这不仅对于登高平台消防车安全性检测起到很好的指导作用,还验证了仿真方法的可信度,有助于登高平台消防车的结构件设计及优化。

, correspAuthors=王长伟, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 王长伟(1983—),男,汉族,吉林桦甸人,硕士,副研究员。研究方向:消防装备检验技术。E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=i2Km9BCY0pP7J5J38UL+7A==, magXml=P4pTF0/Q7BFZN2x9sDyPog==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=KKeKCTpRYXDeNgkfY7gMvg==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=u7TG/xps2tu0iAEKrEgNYg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

谢梦斌(1997—),男,汉族,江苏常州人,硕士,助理研究员。研究方向:消防车辆、水域救援技术。E-mail:。

, authorsList=谢梦斌, 王长伟, 张岚, 武江涛, 王豆源, 蒋旭东)}, authors=[Author(id=1179799742897860759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774727683732099, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1836698914@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1179799742964969625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774727683732099, authorId=1179799742897860759, language=EN, stringName=Meng-bin XIE, firstName=Meng-bin, middleName=null, lastName=XIE, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=National Fire-Fighting Equipment Quality Inspection and Testing Center, Shanghai Fire Research Institute of MEM, Shanghai 201100, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1179799743023689882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774727683732099, authorId=1179799742897860759, language=CN, stringName=谢梦斌, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=应急管理部上海消防研究所, 国家消防装备质量检验检测中心, 上海 201100, bio={"content":"

谢梦斌(1997—),男,汉族,江苏常州人,硕士,助理研究员。研究方向:消防车辆、水域救援技术。E-mail:。

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谢梦斌(1997—),男,汉族,江苏常州人,硕士,助理研究员。研究方向:消防车辆、水域救援技术。E-mail:。

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Science Technology and Engineering, 2024, 24(17): 7395-7405., articleTitle=Dynamic analysis and experimental verification of magnetorheological anti-swing device for marine cranes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1179799750258864376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774727683732099, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=28, authorNames=中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会, journalName=消防车第12部分: 举高消防车: GB 7956.12—2015, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 消防车第12部分: 举高消防车: GB 7956.12—2015[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2015., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1179799750342750457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774727683732099, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=29, authorNames=General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, China National Standardization Administration, journalName=Fire fighting vehicles: part 12: aerial fire fighting vehicle: GB 7956.12—2015, refType=null, unstructuredReference=General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, China National Standardization Administration. 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Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2015., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1179799747670978778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774727683732099, awardId=2021YFC3001700, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2021YFC3001700), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1179799747738087643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774727683732099, awardId=2020XFZD06, language=CN, fundingSource=应急管理部消防救援局科技计划(2020XFZD06), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1179799742826557587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774727683732099, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1179799742834946196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774727683732099, companyId=1179799742826557587, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=National Fire-Fighting Equipment Quality Inspection and Testing Center, Shanghai Fire Research Institute of MEM, Shanghai 201100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1179799742839140501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774727683732099, companyId=1179799742826557587, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=应急管理部上海消防研究所, 国家消防装备质量检验检测中心, 上海 201100)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1179799745217310910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774727683732099, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic diagram of the working condition, figureFileSmall=3BDTGLAZpb3BvZD4AOzskg==, figureFileBig=fCOM8Vcb8Bmb47fglC/Kmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179799745288614079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774727683732099, language=CN, label=图1, caption=工况示意图

G表示上文所述的负载,即向工作斗中加载1.2倍载荷(为600 kg)

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A、B、C、D为电路图中不同位置

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1~6为副车架及支腿测点;7~13为臂架测点

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14~20为工况下臂架测点

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Material properties of Q550D

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/
(kg·m-3)		 弹性模量/
GPa		 泊松比 屈服强度/
MPa		 许用应力/
MPa		 端面承压许
用应力/MPa
7 850 210 0.3 550 275 385
), ArticleFig(id=1179799746626597071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774727683732099, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

Q550D材料属性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/
(kg·m-3)		 弹性模量/
GPa		 泊松比 屈服强度/
MPa		 许用应力/
MPa		 端面承压许
用应力/MPa
7 850 210 0.3 550 275 385
), ArticleFig(id=1179799746702094544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774727683732099, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Material properties of HG70

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/
(kg·m-3)		 弹性模量/
GPa		 泊松比 屈服强度/
MPa		 许用应力/
MPa		 端面承压许
用应力/MPa
7 800 200 0.3 590 295 413
), ArticleFig(id=1179799746806952145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774727683732099, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

HG70材料属性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/
(kg·m-3)		 弹性模量/
GPa		 泊松比 屈服强度/
MPa		 许用应力/
MPa		 端面承压许
用应力/MPa
7 800 200 0.3 590 295 413
), ArticleFig(id=1179799746924392658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774727683732099, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Maximum stress in each region

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
臂架
工况		 最大应力/MPa
前固定支
腿加强板		 薄盖
板		 厚盖
板		 底板 后固定支
腿加强板		 活动
支腿
正前 103 94 183 243 35 146
正后 30 68 171 235 209 177
正左 36 95 188 183 270 234
正右 69 46 122 97 170 248
), ArticleFig(id=1179799747020861651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774727683732099, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各区域最大应力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
臂架
工况		 最大应力/MPa
前固定支
腿加强板		 薄盖
板		 厚盖
板		 底板 后固定支
腿加强板		 活动
支腿
正前 103 94 183 243 35 146
正后 30 68 171 235 209 177
正左 36 95 188 183 270 234
正右 69 46 122 97 170 248
), ArticleFig(id=1179799747079581908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774727683732099, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Displacement under four operating conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
臂架工况 副车架垂向位
移/mm		 支腿虚
腿位置		 支腿虚腿量/
mm
正前 32.7 — —
正后 37.0 — —
正左 26.0 右后支腿 22.5
正右 20.1 左后支腿 17.5
), ArticleFig(id=1179799747163467989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774727683732099, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

4种工况下的位移情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
臂架工况 副车架垂向位
移/mm		 支腿虚
腿位置		 支腿虚腿量/
mm
正前 32.7 — —
正后 37.0 — —
正左 26.0 右后支腿 22.5
正右 20.1 左后支腿 17.5
), ArticleFig(id=1179799747222188246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774727683732099, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Stress data of the sub-frame and stabilizers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点 应力/MPa
1 2 3 4 5 6
① 109.63 98.54 174.20 229.14 38.01 137.59
正前 ② 110.54 97.88 169.96 234.52 40.17 145.55
③ 108.66 92.25 175.32 239.42 35.81 140.08
① 31.89 75.32 182.66 240.32 211.23 180.62
正后 ② 28.24 69.52 175.63 236.95 213.45 176.44
③ 33.36 72.23 177.65 238.75 214.42 182.36
① 33.33 99.10 195.23 179.44 258.20 244.11
正左 ② 39.62 102.63 193.54 178.66 262.58 243.54
③ 39.51 97.55 192.68 177.52 260.77 239.65
① 63.67 51.52 119.89 105.63 165.45 254.85
正右 ② 64.58 47.16 128.67 102.89 168.79 248.63
③ 66.85 50.81 125.78 99.66 167.83 243.64
), ArticleFig(id=1179799747297685719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774727683732099, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

副车架、支腿应力数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点 应力/MPa
1 2 3 4 5 6
① 109.63 98.54 174.20 229.14 38.01 137.59
正前 ② 110.54 97.88 169.96 234.52 40.17 145.55
③ 108.66 92.25 175.32 239.42 35.81 140.08
① 31.89 75.32 182.66 240.32 211.23 180.62
正后 ② 28.24 69.52 175.63 236.95 213.45 176.44
③ 33.36 72.23 177.65 238.75 214.42 182.36
① 33.33 99.10 195.23 179.44 258.20 244.11
正左 ② 39.62 102.63 193.54 178.66 262.58 243.54
③ 39.51 97.55 192.68 177.52 260.77 239.65
① 63.67 51.52 119.89 105.63 165.45 254.85
正右 ② 64.58 47.16 128.67 102.89 168.79 248.63
③ 66.85 50.81 125.78 99.66 167.83 243.64
), ArticleFig(id=1179799747373183192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774727683732099, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Stress data of the booms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主臂变幅/(°) 测点 应力/MPa
① ② ③
7 190.63 189.65 185.45
8 81.45 85.78 82.65
9 85.45 82.64 88.75
0 10 200.01 195.86 196.58
11 129.85 133.41 133.64
12 80.62 83.87 81.60
13 72.31 68.75 65.52
14 261.02 255.63 258.45
15 268.52 273.61 267.74
16 258.54 257.72 262.43
85 17 238.52 238.99 241.68
18 170.86 168.73 167.29
19 162.75 161.19 158.20
20 72.98 70.63 71.63
), ArticleFig(id=1179799747465457881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774727683732099, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

臂架应力数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主臂变幅/(°) 测点 应力/MPa
① ② ③
7 190.63 189.65 185.45
8 81.45 85.78 82.65
9 85.45 82.64 88.75
0 10 200.01 195.86 196.58
11 129.85 133.41 133.64
12 80.62 83.87 81.60
13 72.31 68.75 65.52
14 261.02 255.63 258.45
15 268.52 273.61 267.74
16 258.54 257.72 262.43
85 17 238.52 238.99 241.68
18 170.86 168.73 167.29
19 162.75 161.19 158.20
20 72.98 70.63 71.63
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登高平台消防车结构安全性分析
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谢梦斌 , 王长伟 * , 张岚 , 武江涛 , 王豆源 , 蒋旭东
科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025,25(12): 5173-5180
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025, 25(12): 5173-5180
登高平台消防车结构安全性分析
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谢梦斌 , 王长伟* , 张岚, 武江涛, 王豆源, 蒋旭东
作者信息
  • 应急管理部上海消防研究所, 国家消防装备质量检验检测中心, 上海 201100

    • 谢梦斌(1997—),男,汉族,江苏常州人,硕士,助理研究员。研究方向:消防车辆、水域救援技术。E-mail:。

通讯作者:

* 王长伟(1983—),男,汉族,吉林桦甸人,硕士,副研究员。研究方向:消防装备检验技术。E-mail:。
Structural Safety Analysis of Platform Fire Fighting Vehicles
Meng-bin XIE , Chang-wei WANG* , Lan ZHANG, Jiang-tao WU, Dou-yuan WANG, Xu-dong JIANG
Affiliations
  • National Fire-Fighting Equipment Quality Inspection and Testing Center, Shanghai Fire Research Institute of MEM, Shanghai 201100, China
出版时间: 2025-04-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403903
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摘要
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为研究登高平台消防车的结构强度,针对其副车架、支腿及臂架的结构设计对整车稳定性、安全性的影响问题,采用ANSYS软件仿真,研究其结构强度,并用实验进行验证。分别建立简化的副车架、支腿一体式三维模型和臂架三维模型,模拟其在各种工作状态下的应力分布情况,再搭建实验环境进行应力测试。结果显示:整个臂架向消防车正左或正右水平展开的工况下,更容易出现支腿虚腿现象,虚腿量分别为22.5 mm和17.5 mm;臂架在回拉与伸出过程中最大应力出现在折叠臂变幅绞点区域、伸缩臂搭接区域;实验与仿真得到的应力数据相差约4%。这不仅对于登高平台消防车安全性检测起到很好的指导作用,还验证了仿真方法的可信度,有助于登高平台消防车的结构件设计及优化。

登高平台消防车  /  副车架  /  支腿  /  臂架  /  安全性

In order to study the structural strength of platform fire fighting vehicles, and to address the impact of the structural design of its sub-frame, stabilizers, and booms on the stability and safety of the entire vehicle, ANSYS software simulation was used to study its structural strength, and experimental verification was conducted. A simplified 3D model of the sub-frame with stabilizers, and the booms were established separately, the stress distribution under various working conditions was simulated. Then, an experimental environment was set up for stress testing. The results show that when the entire boom is horizontally extended to the left or right of the fire fighting vehicle, it is more likely to experience the phenomenon of virtual legs, with the values of 22.5 mm and 17.5 mm, respectively. The maximum stress of the boom during the retraction and extension process occurs in the area of the folding arm's variable amplitude hinge point and the overlapping area of the telescopic arm. And the difference between the stress data obtained from experiments and simulations is about 4%. This not only provides good guidance for the security testing of platform fire fighting vehicles, but also verifies the credibility of the simulation method, which is helpful for the structural design and optimization of platform fire fighting vehicles.

platform fire fighting vehicle  /  sub-frame  /  stabilizer  /  boom  /  safety
谢梦斌, 王长伟, 张岚, 武江涛, 王豆源, 蒋旭东. 登高平台消防车结构安全性分析. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (12) : 5173 -5180 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403903
Meng-bin XIE, Chang-wei WANG, Lan ZHANG, Jiang-tao WU, Dou-yuan WANG, Xu-dong JIANG. Structural Safety Analysis of Platform Fire Fighting Vehicles[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (12) : 5173 -5180 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403903
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近年来,越来越多高楼火灾的发生,对消防工作提出了巨大的挑战,由于高层建筑火灾情况复杂,导致被困人员无法及时逃生,因此各类型的举高消防车被研制出来,极大程度上缓解了灭火救援压力,但是其结构强度的可靠性依旧存疑,所以必须重点研究。
李圣等[1]基于哈密顿原理推导出某折臂式举高消防车整个臂架系统中各节臂架的弯曲振动方程,得出一、二号臂架的末端动挠度响应特性曲线。Pertsch等[2]基于Euler-Bernoulli假设和St.Venant理论研究臂架系统,使用Luenberger观测器重建振动模型,并基于部分状态反馈开发了主动减振控制。陈亚峰[3]针对举高消防车的臂架系统运动特性,研究出一整套臂架系统检测装置,具备实时监测臂架运动过程中的臂架变幅角度、伸缩量等多项参数的功能。Lee等[4]利用ANSYS软件对某伸缩臂式叉车的臂架结构进行仿真,通过加强臂架厚度的方式来解决第二节臂的应力超过材料许用应力的问题。冯瑞林等[5]通过建立JP72举高喷射消防车的臂架模型,在SimSolid软件中仿真其刚度、强度和稳定性,并进行结构优化设计,达到了提高强度且减小变形的效果。
Zhou等[6]建立起重机的模型,并从拉格朗日方程出发,分析了起重机运行过程中有效载荷振荡的动态模型,再进行实验来测量4个支腿的压力,提出基于零倾覆力矩点(zero moment point, ZMP)和压力中心(center of pressure, CoP)的抗倾覆检测方法。王衍英等[7]通过PLAXIS3D软件仿真与实验分析,研究架廊机前支腿受力及其垫层的承载能力。阴红伟[8]通过分析混凝土泵车的支腿结构,来建立简化的支腿反力求解模型,再推导出总体刚度矩阵方程,求解出其支腿反力及受力特性。侯西震等[9]以某款72 m举高喷射消防车为研究对象,通过简化模型的C++编程,仿真计算出该消防车旋转过程中支腿对地面的反作用力,再根据国家标准规定的要求以及合力圆方法进行整车稳定性分析,验证其设计的合理性。梁峰等[10]对某举高消防车的支腿反力及整车稳定性进行计算,考虑四点支承及三点支承(一支腿离地)的工况,并采用合力圆来分析支腿跨距的影响,得出了举高消防车优化设计的方向。
刘美玲等[11]利用ADAMS软件建立举高消防车整车的虚拟样机模型并设置约束条件,动态仿真出臂架带载回转运行的整个过程,得出支腿反力变化曲线并以此分析整车的稳定性。Liu等[12]对起重机主梁在不同工况下的载荷大小进行了分析计算,得到不同工况下起重机主梁的应力和应变,以及主梁在工作过程中的危险位置。Yang等[13]结合变形协调条件建立起重机支腿系统的准静态承载模型,并通过该模型确定上装操作与底盘姿态扰动之间的数学关系,从而提出上装、底盘同步控制理论,提高了整车姿态的稳定性。Adams等[14]基于分析增加用于稳定基座的支腿和配重、配置传感器、控制输入的平滑性以及控制计算机等优化方案对于降低重型起重机倾覆风险的影响,来研究其结构设计预留的稳定性裕度。
Savkovic等[15]通过生物启发算法进行单梁桥式起重机主梁箱形截面的优化设计,并验证了优化方案。孙占瑞等[16]建立了某型号的22 m云梯车力学模型,分别按照举高消防车和高空作业车的国家标准进行结构计算,得出的对比结果为举高类消防车的结构设计提供了参考依据。Duong等[17]基于臂架变幅缸和伸缩缸的黏弹性,开发了一个伸缩臂起重机的动态模型,仿真分析得出弹性部件对于起重机振荡的影响,对于臂架、支腿的减震起到很高的参考价值。邓晨旭等[18]建立了桥用起重机的一体化模型,并通过动力学分析及实验验证来研究机械式防摆装置,对起重机防摆起到了很好的优化效果。
为了应对各种复杂的高层救援环境,保证消防救援人员及被救人员在施救过程中的安全性,对于举高消防车的结构强度研究及其重要。鉴于此,在上述研究的基础上,以某款登高平台消防车为研究对象,研究其副车架、支腿及臂架的强度,采用ANSYS仿真模拟其在各种设定工况下的应力分布情况,通过实验加以验证。以期对登高平台消防车检验检测以及使用过程中整个副车架、支腿及臂架系统应力测点的布置起到一定的指导作用。
1 建立仿真模型
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1.1 副车架、支腿一体式模型
根据臂架运动过程对副车架与活动支腿受力的影响,选取主臂变幅0°且伸长至该变幅角度下安全工作范围内的极限长度,曲臂与主臂夹角175°且完全伸展,工作斗臂完全伸展,即整个臂架系统水平伸展的最远状态,并向工作斗中加载1.2倍载荷(即600 kg),工况示意图如图1所示。
副车架材料为一种低合金高强度的结构钢(Q550D),材料属性如表1所示,取安全系数n=2,且副车架的前盖板厚度为8 mm,后盖板厚度为12 mm,用于固定支腿的加强版厚度为6 mm。
将副车架视为刚体,根据副车架实际工况把4支腿受力分为两种工况,即4个支腿着地工况和一个支腿离地工况。
1.1.1 4个支腿着地工况
此时副车架系统为“一次静不定结构”,采用力法原理进行求解,则4个支腿的支反力分别表示为
F A = 1 4 [ G 1 1 - e 1 b + G 2 1 - e 2 b - M c o s φ b + s i n φ a ] F B = 1 4 [ G 1 1 + e 1 b + G 2 1 + e 2 b + M c o s φ b - s i n φ a ] F C = 1 4 [ G 1 1 + e 1 b + G 2 1 + e 2 b + M c o s φ b + s i n φ a ] F D = 1 4 [ G 1 1 - e 1 b + G 2 1 - e 2 b - M c o s φ b - s i n φ a ]
式(1)中:FA、FB、FC、FD分别为支腿A、B、C、D的支反力;G1为上车总质量;G2为下车总质量;e1为转台中心到支腿几何中心的水平距离;e2为下车重心到支腿几何中心的水平距离;a为支腿横向跨距的1/2;b为支腿纵向跨距的1/2;M为上车倾翻力矩;φ为臂架变幅平面与副车架纵向对称面的夹角。
1.1.2 一个支腿离地工况
当4个支腿中有一个支腿抬起后,应采用三点支撑的算法,以支腿A和支腿B为例。
(1)支腿A离地工况。
F A = 0 F B = 1 2 G 1 + G 2 - M s i n φ a F C = 1 2 [ G 1 1 + e 1 b + G 2 1 + e 2 b + M c o s φ b + s i n φ a ] F D = 1 2 [ G 1 1 - e 1 b + G 2 1 - e 2 b - M c o s φ b ]
(2)支腿B离地工况。
F A = 1 2 G 1 + G 2 - M s i n φ a F B = 0 F C = 1 2 [ G 1 1 + e 1 b + G 2 1 + e 2 b + M c o s φ b ] F D = 1 2 [ - G 1 e 1 b - G 2 e 2 b - M c o s φ b - s i n φ a ]
1.2 臂架模型
该登高平台消防车的臂架包含1节可折叠主臂、3节可伸缩主臂、1节可折叠曲臂、1节可伸缩曲臂和1节可折叠工作斗臂,材料均采用高强度焊接结构钢(HG70),属性如表2所示,取安全系数n=2。
根据实际工作情况考虑到:臂架在最大工作幅度(即水平展开)时,主要是摩擦力作用,且此时伸出力与回拉力相等;臂架回拉的工况,其自重分力可克服摩擦力使臂架回缩,回拉钢丝绳不受力,也是伸出钢丝绳受力,以确保臂架稳定回缩。因此,回拉钢丝绳受力最大的时刻就是水平伸出时,并等于伸出力;由于伸缩臂变幅角度越大,其伸出量越大,重力分力作用越明显,所以此时伸缩机构受力越大,即伸出钢丝绳受力越大。因此选取以下两个工况进行仿真分析。
(1)臂架回拉状态受力最大工况(回拉最危险工况)。主臂变幅0°且伸长至该变幅角度下安全工作范围内的极限长度,曲臂与主臂夹角175°且完全伸展,工作斗臂完全伸展。
(2)臂架伸出状态受力最大工况(伸出最危险工况)。主臂变幅85°(即臂架完全伸展情况下所需的主臂最小变幅角度)且完全伸展,曲臂与主臂夹角95°且完全伸展,工作斗臂完全伸展。
为计算每节伸缩臂搭接区域的最大弯曲应力,可将各节臂分别取出进行隔离分析,并将臂架重量简化为均布载荷。
第i节臂的最危险截面处的弯矩为
Mi=Mi+1+(Fi+1+Qi1)aicos(θi)+ q i a i 2 c o s ( θ i ) 2+ ∑ j = 1 iqi+1L'i+j a i - L ' i + j 2cos(θi+j)
式(4)中:Mi+1为第i+1节臂在第i节臂以外的等效弯矩;Fi+1为第i+1节臂所受的等效集中力;Qi1为第i节臂臂头上的等效集中力;ai为第i节臂的伸长量;θi为第i节臂的实际仰角;qi为第i节臂的均布载荷,qi= Q i L i,其中,Qi为第i节臂重量,Li为第i节臂长度;qi+1为第i+1节臂的均布载荷;L'i+j为第i+j节臂的搭接长度,j=1。
第i节臂的最大弯曲应力为
σi= M i W i
式(5)中:Wi为第i节臂的抗弯截面模量。
2 仿真结果分析
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2.1 副车架、支腿仿真结果分析
将臂架分别向消防车正前、正后、正左、正右水平展开工况下,前固定支腿加强板、薄盖板、厚盖板、底板、后固定支腿加强板和活动支腿的仿真最大应力值整理成表3所示。不同工况下的副车架与支腿的应力集中点应力均低于端面承压许用应力385 MPa,且其余区域应力也均不超过许用应力275 MPa,所以副车架与4组支腿的结构设计满足强度要求。
将4种工况下副车架垂向位移及支腿虚腿情况汇总成表4所示。臂架在这4种工况下均出现副车架的垂向位移,这是因为臂架自身重力竖直向下,并在支腿支撑的作用下,副车架反向受力,出现竖直向上的位移,属于正常现象。其中,在臂架向消防车正前或正后水平展开的工况下,未出现支腿虚腿的情况,说明在这种工况下整车的稳定性较好,安全性较高。
但是,在臂架向消防车正左或正右水平展开的工况下,均出现支腿虚腿现象。按照《消防车 第12部分:举高消防车》(GB 7956.12—2015)[19]中“允许一个支腿离开地面,离地高度应小于20 mm”的安全要求,存在一定程度的倾覆隐患。
2.2 臂架仿真结果分析
主臂变幅0°工况下仿真得到的臂架整体的应力情况如图2所示。第1节主臂的最大应力位于主臂变幅绞点区域,第2~第4节主臂的最大应力均位于相邻两节臂的搭接区域,且呈现出递增趋势;第1节曲臂的最大应力位于曲臂变幅绞点区域;第2节曲臂的最大应力位于其与第1节曲臂的搭接区域;工作斗臂的最大应力位于其变幅绞点区域。
整个臂架的最大应力位置出现在最后一节主臂上,且第1节主臂及第1节曲臂的最大应力值也相对较大。
主臂变幅85°工况下仿真得到的臂架整体的应力情况如图3所示。第1节主臂的最大应力位于主臂变幅绞点区域,第2~4节主臂的最大应力均位于相邻两节臂的搭接区域,且呈现出递减的趋势;第1节曲臂的最大应力位于曲臂变幅绞点区域,第2节曲臂的最大应力位于其与第1节曲臂的搭接区域;工作斗臂的最大应力位于其变幅绞点区域。
整个臂架的最大应力出现在第2节主臂上,且四节主臂的最大应力值显然都比曲臂及工作斗臂大,这说明在臂架完全伸展的工况下,起支撑作用最显著的是主臂。由于该款登高平台消防车在使用过程中,工作斗载荷限制在500 kg以内,且臂架完全伸展情况下主臂所需的变幅角度≥85°,所以理论上在使用过程中的最大应力比计算值更小,臂架系统更安全。
3 实验验证
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为了验证副车架、支腿、臂架等主要受力结构件的工作安全性和可靠性,并评估ANSYS仿真结果的可信度,搭建实验环境对该登高平台消防车进行结构静应力测试。
3.1 实验环境搭建
由于测点属于普通拉(压)应力状态,考虑到测量时气温变化,采用半桥温度补偿接线法(1个测试片、1个补偿片),测点位置附近均采用了温度补偿板,原理图如图4所示,这两个应变片分别接在测量电桥的相邻两个桥臂上,分别组成电桥的测试臂和补偿臂。
在不损伤结构表面的情况下,将需要粘贴应变片的位置处用砂纸打磨光滑至露出金属本色,再用无水乙醇清洁表面,最后用专用胶水将应变片粘贴至应力测试点处,如图5所示。
根据仿真结果,分别选择副车架、支腿及臂架的最大应力区域来标定测点进行贴片,主臂变幅0°工况下,副车架及支腿测点为1~6,臂架测点为7~13,如图6所示。主臂变幅85°工况下臂架测点为14~20,如图7所示。
出于实验安全性的考虑,对于“在工作斗中加载1.2倍载荷,即600 kg”的加载条件,选择在工作斗下方用高强度绑带吊600 kg的砝码。
3.2 实验数据记录
每种工况分别进行3次实验,重复实验前先恢复至初始状态。将臂架分别向消防车正前、正后、正左、正右水平展开工况下的测点1~6采集的应力数据记录在表5;将主臂变幅分别为0°工况下的测点7~13和85°工况下的测点14~20采集的应力数据分别记录在表6。
3.3 仿真—实验结果对比分析
由于仿真模型及约束条件进行了合理的简化,且实验过程中受到各种因素如温度、风力、人员操作等的影响,仿真数据与实验数据必然存在一定的差距。
将仿真模拟的应力数据与实验采集的应力数据进行对比,如图8所示,显然两者的趋势是完全一致的。经计算,每组数据相差均小于10%,且平均相差约4%,说明仿真数据的可信度较高。
4 结论
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从登高平台消防车的副车架、支腿及臂架结构强度出发,以某款登高平台消防车为研究对象,采用ANSYS软件仿真的形式,模拟臂架分别向消防车正前、正后、正左、正右4个方向水平展开时的副车架、支腿应力分布情况;以及在臂架回拉与伸出过程中最危险的两种工况下,整个臂架系统的应力分布情况;再搭建实验环境进行副车架、支腿及臂架的应力测试,验证仿真的可信度,得出了以下结论。
(1)仿真与实验得到的应力数据相差均小于10%,且平均相差约为4%,说明仿真模型的简化和约束条件的等效转化是合理的。
(2)臂架向消防车正左或正右水平展开的工况下,更容易出现支腿虚腿现象,虚腿量分别为22.5 mm和17.5 mm。
(3)在臂架回拉的最危险工况下,整个臂架的最大应力位置出现在最后一节主臂与前一节主臂的搭接区域上,且这两节臂的最大应力值也相对较大。
(4)在臂架伸出的最危险工况下,整个臂架的最大应力位置出现在第二节主臂与第一节主臂的搭接区域,四节伸缩主臂的最大应力值显然更大。
以上结论不仅对于登高平台消防车的副车架、支腿及臂架的仿真模拟起到很好的参考作用,有利于结构的优化设计,还对于其检验检测以及使用过程中应力测点的布置起到了较好的指导作用。
基金
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  • 国家重点研发计划(2021YFC3001700)
  • 应急管理部消防救援局科技计划(2020XFZD06)
文献
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2025年第25卷第12期
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文章信息
doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2403903
  • 接收时间：2024-05-27
  • 首发时间：2025-07-09
  • 出版时间：2025-04-28
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  • 收稿日期：2024-05-27
  • 修回日期：2025-02-03
基金
国家重点研发计划(2021YFC3001700)
应急管理部消防救援局科技计划(2020XFZD06)
作者信息
    应急管理部上海消防研究所, 国家消防装备质量检验检测中心, 上海 201100

通讯作者:

* 王长伟(1983—),男,汉族,吉林桦甸人,硕士,副研究员。研究方向:消防装备检验技术。E-mail:。
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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