Article(id=1149773878785962838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149773869357167407, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405220, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720627200000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-11, revisedDate=1738944000000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752057054467, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1746633600000, pubDateStr=2025-05-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752057054467, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752057054467, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752057054467, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149773869357167407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='13', pageStart='5273', pageEnd='5704', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752057052207, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456769392, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559268744253990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149773869357167407, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559268744253991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149773869357167407, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=5626, endPage=5633, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149773879071175511, articleId=1149773878785962838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Finite Element Analysis of Distortion Effect of Thin-walled Box Girder under Lane Load, columnId=1156262728772735295, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Traffics and Transportations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to analyze the distortion effect of thin-walled box girder under lane load, the distribution law of stress amplification coefficient in thin-walled box girder was studied. The distortion angle and distortion generalized bending displacement were taken as node displacements. Based on the initial parameter solution of the homogeneous equation of the distortion control differential equation, the thin-walled box girder was divided into beam segment elements, and its element stiffness matrix and equivalent node load array were derived. Using Fortran language and referring to the calculation program FRAME2 for planar frame structures, a finite element program for beam segments that can be used to analyze the distortion effect of thin-walled box girders was obtained. The program was used to analyze the variation laws of the distortion internal forces and stress amplification factors of box girders under lane loads. The results show that the distortion warpage stress of three-span continuous box girder with variable cross-section under the action of lane load has a sudden change at the place of concentrated load, where the maximum and minimum values are obtained, the longitudinal distribution of stress amplification factor is similar to the longitudinal distribution of distortion warpage normal stress, both of which are symmetrically distributed along the span, the magnification factor of normal stress at the top and bottom of the section is 1.080 and 1.180 respectively. The points with smaller bending stress should not be considered when the magnification factor is taken into account.

, correspAuthors=Yuan-hai ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jin-kun HU, Yuan-hai ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149773911149212484, articleId=1149773878785962838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=车道荷载作用下薄壁箱梁畸变效应的梁段有限元法分析, columnId=1156262730664366426, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·交通运输, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为分析车道荷载作用下薄壁箱梁的畸变效应,研究应力放大系数在薄壁箱梁中的分布规律,以畸变角和畸变广义翘曲位移作为节点位移,基于畸变控制微分方程的齐次方程的初参数解,将薄壁箱梁划分为梁段单元,推导其单元刚度矩阵和等效节点荷载列阵。使用Fortran语言并参考平面杆系结构计算程序FRAME2编写,得到可用来分析薄壁箱梁畸变效应的梁段有限元程序,用程序分析箱梁在车道荷载作用下的畸变内力和应力放大系数的变化规律。结果表明:车道荷载作用下变截面三跨连续箱梁桥的畸变翘曲应力在集中荷载作用处产生突变,此处取得最大和最小值,应力放大系数沿纵向分布规律与畸变翘曲正应力沿纵向分布相似,均沿跨径对称分布;应力放大系数的最大值出现在集中荷载作用处,该截面顶板处的正应力放大系数为1.080,底板处的正应力放大系数为1.180,考虑应力放大系数的取值时不应考虑弯曲应力值较小的点。

, correspAuthors=张元海, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 张元海(1965—),男,汉族,甘肃武山人,博士,教授。研究方向:桥梁结构设计理论。E-mail:
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胡锦坤(2000—),男,瑶族,湖南嘉禾人,硕士研究生。研究方向:薄壁箱梁的畸变效应。E-mail:

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胡锦坤(2000—),男,瑶族,湖南嘉禾人,硕士研究生。研究方向:薄壁箱梁的畸变效应。E-mail:

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胡锦坤(2000—),男,瑶族,湖南嘉禾人,硕士研究生。研究方向:薄壁箱梁的畸变效应。E-mail:

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Beijing: China Communications Press, 2015., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1175498536213950984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773878785962838, awardId=52368020, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52368020), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1175498536268476938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773878785962838, awardId=51968040, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(51968040), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1175498532699124149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773878785962838, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1175498532711707062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773878785962838, companyId=1175498532699124149, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou 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Comparison of physical quantities of cross-section distortion effect

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
各物理量 解析法 程序计算值 ANSYS
IωD/m6 4.780 4.780
IR/m2 0.007 0.007
γD/rad 1.04×10-4 1.043 7×10-4
BD/(kN·m2) 23.845 23.846
m1/(kN·m·m-1) 4.861 4.861
m2/(kN·m·m-1) -8.230 -8.230
σ1/kPa -3.042 -3.042 -3.293
σ2/kPa 9.854 9.854 10.543
ωD2/m2 1.975 1.975
), ArticleFig(id=1175498535941321217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773878785962838, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

跨中截面畸变效应各物理量对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
各物理量 解析法 程序计算值 ANSYS
IωD/m6 4.780 4.780
IR/m2 0.007 0.007
γD/rad 1.04×10-4 1.043 7×10-4
BD/(kN·m2) 23.845 23.846
m1/(kN·m·m-1) 4.861 4.861
m2/(kN·m·m-1) -8.230 -8.230
σ1/kPa -3.042 -3.042 -3.293
σ2/kPa 9.854 9.854 10.543
ωD2/m2 1.975 1.975
), ArticleFig(id=1175498536016818691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773878785962838, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Section distribution element and its geometric characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 分配单元 λ IωD/m6
1 1,50 0.311 1.775
2 2,49 0.231 1.915
3 3,48 0.179 1.814
4 4,47 0.179 1.814
5 5,24,27,46 0.178 1.894
6 6,23,28,45 0.176 2.193
7 7,22,29,44 0.173 2.793
8 8,21,30,43 0.168 3.770
9 9,20,31,42 0.168 5.274
10 10,19,32,41 0.169 7.275
11 11,18,33,40 0.163 9.851
12 12,17,34,39 0.161 13.585
13 13,16,35,38 0.181 16.992
14 14,15,36,37 0.262 19.168
15 25,26 0.179 1.814
), ArticleFig(id=1175498536075538949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773878785962838, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

截面分配单元及几何特性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 分配单元 λ IωD/m6
1 1,50 0.311 1.775
2 2,49 0.231 1.915
3 3,48 0.179 1.814
4 4,47 0.179 1.814
5 5,24,27,46 0.178 1.894
6 6,23,28,45 0.176 2.193
7 7,22,29,44 0.173 2.793
8 8,21,30,43 0.168 3.770
9 9,20,31,42 0.168 5.274
10 10,19,32,41 0.169 7.275
11 11,18,33,40 0.163 9.851
12 12,17,34,39 0.161 13.585
13 13,16,35,38 0.181 16.992
14 14,15,36,37 0.262 19.168
15 25,26 0.179 1.814
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车道荷载作用下薄壁箱梁畸变效应的梁段有限元法分析
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胡锦坤 , 张元海 *
科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025,25(13): 5626-5633
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025, 25(13): 5626-5633
车道荷载作用下薄壁箱梁畸变效应的梁段有限元法分析
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胡锦坤 , 张元海*
作者信息
  • 兰州交通大学土木工程学院, 兰州 730070
  • 胡锦坤(2000—),男,瑶族,湖南嘉禾人,硕士研究生。研究方向:薄壁箱梁的畸变效应。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 张元海(1965—),男,汉族,甘肃武山人,博士,教授。研究方向:桥梁结构设计理论。E-mail:
Finite Element Analysis of Distortion Effect of Thin-walled Box Girder under Lane Load
Jin-kun HU , Yuan-hai ZHANG*
Affiliations
  • School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
出版时间: 2025-05-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405220
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为分析车道荷载作用下薄壁箱梁的畸变效应,研究应力放大系数在薄壁箱梁中的分布规律,以畸变角和畸变广义翘曲位移作为节点位移,基于畸变控制微分方程的齐次方程的初参数解,将薄壁箱梁划分为梁段单元,推导其单元刚度矩阵和等效节点荷载列阵。使用Fortran语言并参考平面杆系结构计算程序FRAME2编写,得到可用来分析薄壁箱梁畸变效应的梁段有限元程序,用程序分析箱梁在车道荷载作用下的畸变内力和应力放大系数的变化规律。结果表明:车道荷载作用下变截面三跨连续箱梁桥的畸变翘曲应力在集中荷载作用处产生突变,此处取得最大和最小值,应力放大系数沿纵向分布规律与畸变翘曲正应力沿纵向分布相似,均沿跨径对称分布;应力放大系数的最大值出现在集中荷载作用处,该截面顶板处的正应力放大系数为1.080,底板处的正应力放大系数为1.180,考虑应力放大系数的取值时不应考虑弯曲应力值较小的点。

薄壁箱梁  /  畸变效应  /  单元刚度矩阵  /  梁段有限元  /  应力放大系数

In order to analyze the distortion effect of thin-walled box girder under lane load, the distribution law of stress amplification coefficient in thin-walled box girder was studied. The distortion angle and distortion generalized bending displacement were taken as node displacements. Based on the initial parameter solution of the homogeneous equation of the distortion control differential equation, the thin-walled box girder was divided into beam segment elements, and its element stiffness matrix and equivalent node load array were derived. Using Fortran language and referring to the calculation program FRAME2 for planar frame structures, a finite element program for beam segments that can be used to analyze the distortion effect of thin-walled box girders was obtained. The program was used to analyze the variation laws of the distortion internal forces and stress amplification factors of box girders under lane loads. The results show that the distortion warpage stress of three-span continuous box girder with variable cross-section under the action of lane load has a sudden change at the place of concentrated load, where the maximum and minimum values are obtained, the longitudinal distribution of stress amplification factor is similar to the longitudinal distribution of distortion warpage normal stress, both of which are symmetrically distributed along the span, the magnification factor of normal stress at the top and bottom of the section is 1.080 and 1.180 respectively. The points with smaller bending stress should not be considered when the magnification factor is taken into account.

thin-walled box girder  /  distortion effect  /  element stiffness matrix  /  finite element analysis of beam segment  /  stress amplification factor
胡锦坤, 张元海. 车道荷载作用下薄壁箱梁畸变效应的梁段有限元法分析. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (13) : 5626 -5633 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405220
Jin-kun HU, Yuan-hai ZHANG. Finite Element Analysis of Distortion Effect of Thin-walled Box Girder under Lane Load[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (13) : 5626 -5633 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405220
近年来,箱梁畸变分析日益受到关注。随着高强轻质材料的广泛应用,箱梁尺寸不断减小,导致畸变产生的应力比例增加。因此,精确计算和分析畸变应力变得尤为重要,其中畸变角是其主要特征之一。关于箱梁畸变应力的计算,文献提出多种方法[1-6]。对于简单结构形式的箱梁畸变问题,常用的方法为解析法,将畸变角作为畸变位移,首先建立箱梁的总势能,基于势能驻值原理将箱梁的畸变微分方程推导得到,再通过微分方程的初参数解即可将箱梁的畸变内力求解出来。文献[7-8]采用有限元法针对复杂结构形式和边界条件的箱形梁畸变问题进行分析,所用梁单元是以畸变角和畸变广义翘曲位移作为自由度的箱形梁单元。Cambronero-Barrientos等[9-10]提出相比于传统单元的节点多出5个自由度的三节点单元,其可靠性通过实验得到验证,此单元可用来分析薄壁箱梁的空间效应,但在分析时较为复杂。Hansen等[11]提出了一种新的三维高阶梁模型,用于分析薄壁结构在翘曲模式下的畸变效应,但未对应力放大系数进行分析。Zhao等[12]用数值方法建立了分析薄壁箱梁约束扭转和畸变效应的梁单元,并研究了偏心荷载引起的应力放大效应。张元海等[13]在考虑偏载作用下,分析了箱梁在扭转和畸变之间的耦合效应,综合考虑了剪力滞、扭转和畸变产生的应力。张元海等[14]基于约束扭转分析思路和畸变分析方法,推出一种分析梯形箱梁畸变效应的一般公式,并验证了其计算结果与传统解析法基本一致。文献[15-16]使用梁段有限元法对箱梁的扭转效应进行分析,考虑了空间效应对约束扭转正应力放大系数的影响和取值,并未对畸变效应和剪应力进行分析。王瑞正等[17]通过建立CSBCG-CSWs畸变翘曲位移模式,分析了设置柔性横隔板的简支曲线波形腹板钢箱组合梁畸变效应,但并未对车道荷载作用下的梁桥应力放大系数进行综合分析。Arici等[18]通过汉密尔顿系统对具有开闭口截面薄壁曲线箱梁的约束扭转与畸变效应进行研究,算例中施加荷载为集中荷载和均布荷载,未综合考虑偏心车道荷载的作用和应力放大系数的分布。综上,现有文献中采用梁段有限元法对实际桥梁中车道荷载作用下的箱梁畸变效应分析较少,对于应力放大系数取值差异较大,因此针对不同跨径、荷载和宽度的箱梁畸变效应的应力放大系数还需进行更多的研究。
现根据畸变控制微分方程的齐次方程的初参数解,将薄壁箱梁划分为梁段单元,推导其单元刚度矩阵和等效节点荷载列阵,使用Fortran语言编制得到JBFX程序,用于分析薄壁箱梁的畸变效应。使用JBFX程序对永思变截面三跨连续箱梁桥进行分析,研究车道荷载作用下的畸变内力和应力放大系数沿纵桥的变化规律,分析其应力放大系数合理取值。
根据势能驻值能量变分原理,对于薄壁箱梁的畸变变形问题,畸变角γD的控制微分方程[14]
EIωDγ″″D+EIRγD-mD=0
γ″″D+4λ4γD= m D E I ω D
式中:λ= I R 4 I ω D 4 ;mD为分布畸变荷载;E为弹性模量;IωD为抗畸变翘曲惯性矩;IR为箱形梁抗畸变框架惯性矩。
式(1)为非齐次线性微分方程,其对应的齐次方程的通解为
$\begin{aligned} \gamma_{\mathrm{D}}(z)= & C_{1} \sin (\lambda z) \operatorname{sh}(\lambda z)+C_{2} \cos (\lambda z) \operatorname{sh}(\lambda z)+ \\ & C_{3} \sin (\lambda z) \operatorname{ch}(\lambda z)+C_{4} \cos (\lambda z) \operatorname{ch}(\lambda z) \end{aligned}$
导出各畸变位移和畸变内力的齐次微分方程的初参数解为
$\begin{aligned} \gamma_{\mathrm{D}}(z)= & \gamma_{0} \cos (\lambda z) \operatorname{ch}(\lambda z)+\frac{\gamma_{0}^{\prime}}{2 \lambda}[\cos (\lambda z) \operatorname{sh}(\lambda z)+ \\ & \sin (\lambda z) \operatorname{ch}(\lambda z)]-\frac{B_{0}}{2 E I_{\omega \mathrm{D}} \lambda^{2}} \sin (\lambda z) \operatorname{sh}(\lambda z)- \\ & \frac{M_{0}}{4 E I_{\omega \mathrm{D}} \lambda^{3}}[\sin (\lambda z) \operatorname{ch}(\lambda z)-\cos (\lambda z) \operatorname{sh}(\lambda z)] \end{aligned}$
$\begin{aligned} \gamma_{\mathrm{D}}^{\prime}(z)= & \gamma_{0} \lambda[\cos (\lambda z) \operatorname{sh}(\lambda z)-\sin (\lambda z) \operatorname{ch}(\lambda z)]+ \\ & \gamma_{0}^{\prime} \cos (\lambda z) \operatorname{ch}(\lambda z)-\frac{B_{0}}{2 E I_{\omega \mathrm{D}} \lambda} \times \\ & {[\cos (\lambda z) \operatorname{sh}(\lambda z)+\sin (\lambda z) \operatorname{ch}(\lambda z)]-} \\ & \frac{M_{0}}{2 E I_{\omega \mathrm{D}} \lambda^{2}} \sin (\lambda z) \operatorname{sh}(\lambda z) \end{aligned}$
$\begin{aligned} B(z)= & 2 \gamma_{0} E I_{\omega \mathrm{D}} \lambda^{2} \sin (\lambda z) \operatorname{sh}(\lambda z)+ \\ & \gamma_{0}^{\prime} E I_{\omega \mathrm{D}} \lambda[\sin (\lambda z) \operatorname{ch}(\lambda z)-\cos (\lambda z) \operatorname{sh}(\lambda z)]+ \\ & B_{0} \cos (\lambda z) \operatorname{ch}(\lambda z)+\frac{M_{0}}{2 \lambda^{2}}[\sin (\lambda z) \operatorname{ch}(\lambda z)+ \\ & \cos (\lambda z) \operatorname{sh}(\lambda z)] \end{aligned}$
$\begin{aligned} M(z)= & 2 \gamma_{0} E I_{\omega \mathrm{D}} \lambda^{3}[\cos (\lambda z) \operatorname{sh}(\lambda z)+\sin (\lambda z) \times \\ & \operatorname{ch}(\lambda z)]+2 \gamma_{0}^{\prime} E I_{\omega \mathrm{D}} \lambda^{2} \sin (\lambda z) \operatorname{sh}(\lambda z)+ \\ & B_{0} \lambda[\cos (\lambda z) \operatorname{sh}(\lambda z)-\sin (\lambda z) \operatorname{ch}(\lambda z)]+ \\ & M_{0} \cos (\lambda z) \operatorname{ch}(\lambda z) \end{aligned}$
式中:γ'D(z)为畸变广义翘曲位移;B(z)为畸变双力矩;M(z)为畸变矩;γ0γ'0B0M0为畸变位移和畸变内力在z=0处的初参数值。
式(4)~式(7)只适用于简支箱梁无跨间荷载作用,当简支箱梁满跨作用均布畸变荷载mD时,需要在式(4)~式(7)齐次微分方程的初参数解基础上,相应的荷载项补充到M0所在项即可,对于γD(z)只需补充如下荷载项[19]
$\begin{array}{l} \frac{m_{\mathrm{D}}}{\lambda^{3} E I_{\mathrm{R}}} \int_{0}^{z} \frac{1}{4}[\sin (\lambda z) \operatorname{ch}(\lambda z)-\cos (\lambda z) \operatorname{sh}(\lambda z)] \times \\(\lambda z-\lambda \zeta) \mathrm{d} \zeta\left.=\frac{m_{\mathrm{D}}}{E I_{\mathrm{R}}}[1-\cos (\lambda z) \operatorname{ch}(\lambda z))\right]。\end{array}$
则简支箱梁承受满跨均布荷载时初参数解为
$\begin{aligned} \gamma_{\mathrm{D}}(z)= & \gamma_{0} \cos (\lambda z) \operatorname{ch}(\lambda z)+\frac{\gamma_{0}^{\prime}}{2 \lambda}[\cos (\lambda z) \operatorname{sh}(\lambda z)+ \\ & \sin (\lambda z) \operatorname{ch}(\lambda z)]-\frac{B_{0}}{2 E I_{\omega \mathrm{D}} \lambda^{2}} \sin (\lambda z) \operatorname{sh}(\lambda z)- \\ & \frac{M_{0}}{4 E I_{\omega \mathrm{D}} \lambda^{3}}[\sin (\lambda z) \operatorname{ch}(\lambda z)- \\ & \cos (\lambda z) \operatorname{sh}(\lambda z)]+\frac{m_{\mathrm{D}}}{E I_{\mathrm{R}}}[1- \\ & \cos (\lambda z) \operatorname{ch}(\lambda z)] \end{aligned}$
$\begin{aligned} \gamma_{\mathrm{D}}^{\prime}(z)= & \gamma_{0} \lambda[\cos (\lambda z) \operatorname{sh}(\lambda z)-\sin (\lambda z) \operatorname{ch}(\lambda z)]+ \\ & \gamma_{0}^{\prime} \cos (\lambda z) \operatorname{ch}(\lambda z)-\frac{B_{0}}{2 E I_{\omega \mathrm{D}} \lambda} \times \\ & {[\cos (\lambda z) \operatorname{sh}(\lambda z)+\sin (\lambda z) \operatorname{ch}(\lambda z)]-} \\ & \frac{M_{0}}{2 E I_{\omega \mathrm{D}} \lambda^{2}} \sin (\lambda z) \operatorname{sh}(\lambda z)+\frac{m_{D}}{4 \lambda^{3} E I_{\mathrm{R}}} \times \\ & {[\sin (\lambda z) \operatorname{ch}(\lambda z)-\cos (\lambda z) \operatorname{sh}(\lambda z)] } \end{aligned}$
$\begin{aligned} B(z)= & 2 \gamma_{0} E I_{\omega \mathrm{D}} \lambda^{2} \sin (\lambda z) \operatorname{sh}(\lambda z)+ \\ & \gamma_{0}^{\prime} E I_{\omega \mathrm{D}} \lambda[\sin (\lambda z) \operatorname{ch}(\lambda z)- \\ & \cos (\lambda z) \operatorname{sh}(\lambda z)]+B_{0} \cos (\lambda z) \operatorname{ch}(\lambda z)+ \\ & \frac{M_{0}}{2 \lambda^{2}}[\sin (\lambda z) \operatorname{ch}(\lambda z)+\cos (\lambda z) \operatorname{sh}(\lambda z)]- \\ & \frac{m_{\mathrm{D}}}{2 \lambda^{2}} \sin (\lambda z) \operatorname{sh}(\lambda z) \end{aligned}$
$\begin{aligned} M(z)= & 2 \gamma_{0} E I_{\omega \mathrm{D}} \lambda^{3}[\cos (\lambda z) \operatorname{sh}(\lambda z)+\sin (\lambda z) \\ & \operatorname{ch}(\lambda z)]+2 \gamma_{0}^{\prime} E I_{\omega \mathrm{D}} \lambda^{2} \sin (\lambda z) \operatorname{sh}(\lambda z)+ \\ & B_{0} \lambda[\cos (\lambda z) \operatorname{sh}(\lambda z)-\sin (\lambda z) \operatorname{ch}(\lambda z)]+ \\ & M_{0} \cos (\lambda z) \operatorname{ch}(\lambda z)-\frac{m_{\mathrm{D}}}{2 \lambda}[\cos (\lambda z) \operatorname{sh}(\lambda z)+ \\ & \sin (\lambda z) \operatorname{ch}(\lambda z)] \end{aligned}$
求解4个初参数的边界条件如下。
(1) 对于刚性固定的支座端:γD=γ'D=0。
(2) 对于设有刚性横隔板的简支端:γD=γD=0。
(3) 对于无刚性横隔板的自由端:γD=γD=0。
根据畸变齐次微分方程的初参数解,以箱梁梁单元两端的畸变角和畸变广义翘曲位移作为节点位移。图1为箱梁单元,OiOj为形心,取为坐标原点;xy为截面形心主轴,z为梁轴方向。单元平衡方程为F=
δ= γ D i γ ' D i γ D j γ ' D j T
F= M D i B D i M D j B D j T
式中:δ为节点位移列阵;F为单元节点力列阵。
根据有限元理论,畸变单元刚度方程为
= k 11 k 12 k 13 k 14 k 21 k 22 k 23 k 24 k 31 k 32 k 33 k 34 k 41 k 42 k 43 k 44 γ D i γ ' D i γ D j γ ' D j= M D i B D i M D j B D j
式(14)中:kij为结构中在第j列施加单位位移时(其余梁端位移分量均为0),引起的第i行对应的梁端力分量的数值。其中,i端为z=0处的梁端截面,j端为z=l处的梁端截面[16]
根据畸变矩和翘曲双力矩的关系式[3],可得
k 1 j = E I ω D γ D ( 0 ) k 2 j = E I ω D γ D ( 0 ) k 3 j = - E I ω D γ D ( l ) k 4 j = - E I ω D γ D ( l )
γ D i =1、γ' D i= γ D j =γ' D j=0,根据式(4)和式(5)联立解得
B 0 = 2 E I ω D λ 2 s h 2 ( λ l ) + s i n 2 ( λ l ) s h 2 ( λ l ) - s i n 2 ( λ l ) M 0 = - 4 E I ω D λ 3 s i n ( λ l ) c o s ( λ l ) + s h ( λ l ) c h ( λ l ) s h 2 ( λ l ) - s i n 2 ( λ l )
B0M0代入式(6)和式(7),解得
B (l) = - 4 E I ω D λ 2 s i n ( λ l ) s h ( λ l ) s h 2 ( λ l ) - s i n 2 ( λ l ) M (l) = - 4 E I ω D λ 3 s i n ( λ l ) c h ( λ l ) + s h ( λ l ) c o s ( λ l ) s h 2 ( λ l ) - s i n 2 ( λ l )
B0M0B(l)和M(l)代入式(15)得
k 11 = 4 E I ω D λ 3 s i n ( λ l ) c o s ( λ l ) + s h ( λ l ) c h ( λ l ) s h 2 ( λ l ) - s i n 2 ( λ l ) k 21 = - 2 E I ω D λ 2 s h 2 ( λ l ) + s i n 2 ( λ l ) s h 2 ( λ l ) - s i n 2 ( λ l ) k 31 = - 4 E I ω D λ 3 s i n ( λ l ) c h ( λ l ) + s h ( λ l ) c o s ( λ l ) s h 2 ( λ l ) - s i n 2 ( λ l ) k 41 = - 4 E I ω D λ 2 s i n ( λ l ) s h ( λ l ) s h 2 ( λ l ) - s i n 2 ( λ l )
在畸变微分方程和单元刚度矩阵的推导过程中,由于广义内力和位移的方向与单元刚度矩阵推导时的杆端力和杆端位移的方向不完全一致,因此在计算单元刚度矩阵的第二列系数时需要进行符号变换,使得其符号与第一列相反[16]
根据边界条件,按上述步骤依次令γ' D i= γ D j =γ'Dj=1,可求得单元刚度矩阵得全部系数,单元刚度矩阵的其余元素如下。
k 12 = - 2 E I ω D λ 2 [ s h 2 ( λ l ) + s i n 2 ( λ l ) ] X k 22 = 2 E I ω D λ [ c h ( λ l ) s h ( λ l ) - c o s ( λ l ) s i n ( λ l ) ] X k 32 = 4 E I ω D λ 2 [ s i n ( λ l ) s h ( λ l ) ] X k 42 = - 2 E I ω D λ [ c o s ( λ l ) s h ( λ l ) - c h ( λ l ) s i n ( λ l ) ] X k 13 = - 4 E I ω D λ 3 [ s i n ( λ l ) c h ( λ l ) + s h ( λ l ) c o s ( λ l ) ] X k 23 = 4 E I ω D λ 2 [ s i n ( λ l ) s h ( λ l ) ] X k 33 = 4 E I ω D λ 3 [ c h ( λ l ) s h ( λ l ) + c o s ( λ l ) s i n ( λ l ) ] X k 43 = 2 E I ω D λ 2 [ s h 2 ( λ l ) + s i n 2 ( λ l ) ] X k 14 = - 4 E I ω D λ 2 [ s i n ( λ l ) s h ( λ l ) ] X k 24 = - 2 E I ω D λ [ c o s ( λ l ) s h ( λ l ) - c h ( λ l ) s i n ( λ l ) ] X k 34 = 2 E I ω D λ 2 [ s h 2 ( λ l ) + s i n 2 ( λ l ) ] X k 44 = - 2 E I ω D λ [ c o s ( λ l ) s i n ( λ l ) - c h ( λ l ) s h ( λ l ) ] X
式(19)中:
X= 1 s h 2 ( λ l ) - s i n 2 ( λ l )
由初参数法解式(8)可求出等效节点力,令 γ D i=γ'Di= γ D j =γ'Dj=0,可求得满跨均布荷载作用下固端力的计算公式如下。
MDi=MDj= m D [ c h ( λ l ) - c o s ( λ l ) ] λ [ s h ( λ l ) + s i n ( λ l ) ]
BDi=BDj= m D [ s h ( λ l ) - s i n ( λ l ) ] 2 λ 2 [ s h ( λ l ) + s i n ( λ l ) ]
则等效节点荷载列阵为
P f q= [ M D i   B D i   - M D j   - B D j ] T
参考平面杆系结构计算程序FRAME2[20],使用Fortran语言编写求解箱梁畸变效应的梁段有限元程序JBFX。JBFX程序由1个主程序和18个子程序构成,同时使用Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0程序语言编写了任意截面的几何特性求解程序。使用JBFX程序和截面几何特性计算程序对算例进行计算,将结果与解析法和ANSYS有限元法进行对比从而验证程序的正确性。
图2所示为一等截面简支箱形梁,计算跨径l=40 m,图中顶板与腹板在左侧的交点设为角点1,顶板与腹板在左侧的交点设为角点2,角点1和角点2为关键计算点,箱梁承受竖向偏心荷载q=20 kN/m,偏心距为e=2.35 m,E=34 GPa,在两端设置刚性横隔板。
按本文方法用截面几何特性程序和JBFX程序对箱梁跨中截面进行计算,截面几何特性数值及畸变效应各物理量列入表1。利用ANSYS软件中的SHELL63壳单元模拟计算箱梁跨中截面角点1和角点2处的翘曲正应力,连同解析法计算结果一并列入表1中对比。
表1中数据可得程序计算得到的数值与解析法计算所得数值并无差异,与ANSYS有限元解总体吻合,由此验证了程序的正确性。
使用程序计算箱梁沿桥跨方向的畸变双力矩和角点1和2的畸变横向弯矩及畸变翘曲应力,将结果整理分别汇总为图3(a)图3(b)中。
图3(a)可以看出,简支梁作用均布荷载时畸变双力矩的最大值约在梁跨1/8截面处,从峰值处向支点一侧快速衰减,从峰值处向跨中截面方向逐渐减小,在跨中截面取得最小值。在图3(b)中,畸变横向弯矩在支点截面处最小,由支点截面向跨中截面逐渐增大,在跨中截面处取得最大值。图3与解析法所得畸变双力矩图、畸变横向弯矩图和畸变翘曲应力图结果完全一致,且结合表1的计算结果,再一次验证了程序的可行性。
以永思桥变截面三跨连续箱梁桥为分析实例,该桥跨径组成为(40+65+40=145) m,桥跨布置如图4所示。桥面总宽度:9.0 m;桥面组成:1.0 m(护栏+人行道) +7.0 m (行车道) +1.0 m (护栏+人行道) =9.0 m。荷载等级为公路Ⅰ级,汽车活载按双车道布置。箱梁支点处梁高3.6 m,跨中及边跨合拢段梁高为1.8 m,箱梁底板下缘按1.8次抛物线变化。跨中截面和支点截面的结构尺寸如图5所示,给出了两个关键点1和2的位置。箱梁采用C50混凝土,E=37.5 GPa。
横桥向双车道布置时,偏心距最大为e=2.6 m,以公路Ⅰ级车道荷载进行加载,集中荷载为P=360 kN,q=10.5 kN/m。按照《公路桥涵设计通用规范》(JTG D60—2015)[21],考虑横向车道布载系数,双车道布置时产生的扭矩为T=1.0×360×2.6=936 kN·m。将扭矩和均布荷载等效至腹板和顶板的交点处,则Pv=203.478 kN,qv=5.93 kN/m。考虑最不利情况进行加载,将车道荷载布置在中跨上,荷载布置如图6所示。
将全桥划分为51个节点,共设置50个单元,由于桥梁为变截面连续梁桥,各单元i端和j端节点处的截面几何特性存在差异,计算时需将单元按照等截面考虑,单元的截面几何特性由i端和j端处的截面几何特性取平均得到。永思桥桥跨沿中跨跨中对称分布,因此全桥共设置15种截面几何特性。在计算时忽略箱梁截面倒角的影响,左右翼缘板厚度取平均值29 cm进行计算。将15种截面分配的单元和几何特性值列入表2中。
将节点、单元、荷载及截面几何特性等信息汇入输入文本,通过JBFX梁端有限元程序进行计算,得到车道荷载作用下的畸变双力矩和畸变力矩,绘制其沿纵向分布的曲线图如图7所示。
图7(a)图7(b)可以看出,畸变双力矩和畸变力矩在集中荷载作用处出现最大值,发生突变。畸变双力矩在作用跨内出现多个峰值,且在边跨靠近中支点截面处数值仍然较大,在中支点峰值处向两端逐渐趋于零,沿跨中截面对称分布。畸变力矩数值在作用跨内较为突出,在边跨数值较小,可以忽略不计,沿跨中反对称分布。
选取关键点1和点2,绘制畸变翘曲正应力沿纵向的分布曲线如图8所示。
图8可看出,顶板和底板的畸变翘曲正应力在集中荷载作用处出现最大值,在中支点截面处有较小的峰值,在荷载作用跨内峰值较为突出。集中荷载作用处底板的数值远大于顶板的数值,均沿跨中对称分布。
为研究畸变翘曲正应力对箱梁弯曲正应力的影响,引入应力放大系数η表征其放大效应。η=(σD+σw)/σw,其中σw=My/Ix,M可通过FRAME2程序计算得到,将程序计算值代入可得顶板和底板的正应力放大系数,即关键点1和关键点2处的应力放大系数,绘制应力放大系数沿纵向的分布曲线如图9所示。
图9可以看出:弯曲正应力在纵向位置为 52.0~59.5 m和81.5~89.5 m区间内出现零点,该区间内正应力放大系数也出现骤变,因为以上区间的正应力数值很小,因此正应力放大系数不作为控制值。去除弯曲正应力零点及附近的应力放大系数,顶板的应力放大系数分布在1.0~1.080,集中荷载作用处的应力放大系数为1.080;底板的应力放大系数分布在1.0~1.180,集中荷载作用处应力放大系数为1.180。
针对车道荷载作用下薄壁箱梁的畸变效应,使用梁段有限元法分析,得到以下结论。
(1)通过推导得到箱梁的单元刚度矩阵和等效节点荷载列阵,使用Fortran语言编写得到箱梁畸变梁段有限元程序JBFX,解决了对于变截面连续梁桥无法用解析法进行手算的难题。
(2)选用公路Ι级车道荷载对变截面三跨连续箱梁桥进行最不利加载,从偏心车道荷载作用下的畸变翘曲正应力放大系数纵向分布图中可以发现,集中荷载作用点处顶板和底板的应力放大系数最大,应力放大系数极值点与畸变翘曲应力极值点所在截面一致,应将该截面作为控制截面。
(3)对于永思桥,在考虑应力放大系数的取值时,应按照跨中最不利加载工况下永思桥的应力放大系数分布区间进行取值,1.180左右为合理取值区间,大于工程部门所采取的经验放大系数1.150。若取值时考虑弯曲正应力值较小的点,则会造成应力放大系数取值偏大或偏小的问题。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52368020)
  • 国家自然科学基金(51968040)
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2025年第25卷第13期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405220
  • 接收时间:2024-07-11
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-05-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-11
  • 修回日期:2025-02-08
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国家自然科学基金(52368020)
国家自然科学基金(51968040)
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    兰州交通大学土木工程学院, 兰州 730070

通讯作者:

* 张元海(1965—),男,汉族,甘肃武山人,博士,教授。研究方向:桥梁结构设计理论。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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