Article(id=1149773878513333076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149773869357167407, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404356, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718121600000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-12, revisedDate=1738771200000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752057054401, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1746633600000, pubDateStr=2025-05-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752057054401, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752057054401, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752057054401, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149773869357167407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='13', pageStart='5273', pageEnd='5704', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752057052207, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456769392, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559268744253990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149773869357167407, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559268744253991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149773869357167407, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=5408, endPage=5414, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149773878760797013, articleId=1149773878513333076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Fault Diagnosis of Gathering and Transportation Skid-mounted Equipment Based on Association Analysis, columnId=1156262729003422020, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In China's shale gas exploration and development, skid-mounted equipment is typically used due to its ease of disassembly, transportation, and reassembly. This equipment is often operated in high-pressure and high-temperature environments. As a result, faults are more likely to occur. To prevent production accidents and eliminate safety hazards, regular monitoring and fault diagnosis of skid-mounted gathering and transportation equipment are essential. Only relatively independent and discrete fault information is typically provided by conventional fault diagnosis methods. The relationships between faults are not uncovered. In response, a two-stage association analysis technique was proposed to analyze fault data from shale gas gathering and transportation skid-mounted equipment. The relationships between faults and defect type distributions were identified, providing valuable guidance for equipment maintenance and process optimization. It has been demonstrated through experiments on real data that the method proposed accurately identifies the relationships between defect locations and the distribution of defect types in skid-mounted equipment. A new solution is provided for the preventive detection and optimized design of gathering and transportation skid-mounted systems.

, correspAuthors=Xin WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yan-hua QIU, Xiang-dong ZHAO, Yan HE, Qing WEN, Yong LIU, Yu LIN, Yu WU, Jia-xin WANG, Xin WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149773890697785376, articleId=1149773878513333076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于关联分析的集输橇装设备运行故障诊断, columnId=1156262729603207500, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·石油、天然气工业, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

中国在页岩气的勘探开发中通常采用便于拆迁、运输与再组装的撬装设备,而撬装设备长期处于高压高温的工作环境中,容易产生故障。为了杜绝生产事故,消除安全隐患,有必要对集输撬装设备进行定期监测和故障诊断。常用的设备故障诊断方法仅仅能够得到相对独立和离散的故障信息,无法把故障之间的关联关系挖掘出来。对此,提出了两阶段关联分析技术,对页岩气集输撬装设备的故障信息展开分析,发现故障间的关联关系及缺陷类型分布,进而指导设备维护与工艺优化。在真实数据上的实验表明,所提出的方法准确发现了撬装设备缺陷位置间的关联关系及缺陷类型分布,为集输撬装设备的预防性检测和优化设计提供了新的解决方案。

, correspAuthors=王欣, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 王欣(1981—),男,汉族,江苏扬州人,博士,研究员。研究方向:人工智能、机器学习及智慧油气田。E-mail:
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邱艳华(1984—),女,汉族,四川成都人,高级工程师。研究方向:油气田地面集输。E-mail:

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邱艳华(1984—),女,汉族,四川成都人,高级工程师。研究方向:油气田地面集输。E-mail:

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邱艳华(1984—),女,汉族,四川成都人,高级工程师。研究方向:油气田地面集输。E-mail:

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figureFileSmall=7mVQfpMsR4v14e4UILh+SQ==, figureFileBig=MMvgHBUeoKq3Wus6lDmw6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175386929857184705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773878513333076, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Running flow of AssoTPChk

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
输入:数据集D,规则R
输出:规则R下的缺陷类型分布
1.运用规则R,发现数据集D中满足 R:AB的设备集合S;
2. 遍历S中的设备Ei;
3.如果Ei的缺陷类型满足RD:DADB, 则更新RD的频次;
4.输出R下的缺陷类型RD及其频次。
), ArticleFig(id=1175386929936876482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773878513333076, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

AssoTPChk运行流程

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
输入:数据集D,规则R
输出:规则R下的缺陷类型分布
1.运用规则R,发现数据集D中满足 R:AB的设备集合S;
2. 遍历S中的设备Ei;
3.如果Ei的缺陷类型满足RD:DADB, 则更新RD的频次;
4.输出R下的缺陷类型RD及其频次。
), ArticleFig(id=1175386930012373955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773878513333076, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Defect type distribution table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
缺陷类型 分布占比情况/%
S➝W 60
SS➝SS 20
SS➝M 20
), ArticleFig(id=1175386930075288516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773878513333076, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

缺陷类型分布表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
缺陷类型 分布占比情况/%
S➝W 60
SS➝SS 20
SS➝M 20
), ArticleFig(id=1175386930134008773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773878513333076, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Partial test data of skid mounted equipment No. 19061

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橇装名称或
橇装编号
规格/材质 射线检测检测日期
(年.月.日)
桩号
(填写PG VG WW)
焊口编号 缺陷类别
尺寸
缺陷位置
19061 88.9 mm×10 mm/L360N 2023.7.14 PG 19061-CS-PG-1F 内凹22 mm 1#25到-15
19061 88.9 mm×10 mm/L360N 2023.7.14 PG 19061-CS-PG-2F 内凹13 mm 3#40到-15
19061 88.9 mm×10 mm/L360N 2023.7.14 PG 19061-CS-PG-6WF 内凹48 mm 1#30到-18
20099 88.9 mm×10 mm/L360N 2023.9.1 PG 20099-CS-PG-41WF 内凹45 mm 1#25到-20
20099 88.9 mm×10 mm/L360N 2023.9.1 PG 20099-CS-PG-42W 内凹40 mm 2#30到-10
), ArticleFig(id=1175386930196923334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773878513333076, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

编号为19061的撬装设备的部分检测数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
橇装名称或
橇装编号
规格/材质 射线检测检测日期
(年.月.日)
桩号
(填写PG VG WW)
焊口编号 缺陷类别
尺寸
缺陷位置
19061 88.9 mm×10 mm/L360N 2023.7.14 PG 19061-CS-PG-1F 内凹22 mm 1#25到-15
19061 88.9 mm×10 mm/L360N 2023.7.14 PG 19061-CS-PG-2F 内凹13 mm 3#40到-15
19061 88.9 mm×10 mm/L360N 2023.7.14 PG 19061-CS-PG-6WF 内凹48 mm 1#30到-18
20099 88.9 mm×10 mm/L360N 2023.9.1 PG 20099-CS-PG-41WF 内凹45 mm 1#25到-20
20099 88.9 mm×10 mm/L360N 2023.9.1 PG 20099-CS-PG-42W 内凹40 mm 2#30到-10
), ArticleFig(id=1175386930276615111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773878513333076, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Defect location association rule table (part)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
关联规则 支持度 置信度
['1#-10'] ==> ['1#10'] 0.13 1.0
['2#30到-30'] ==> ['1#30到-30'] 0.13 1.0
['2#20到-10'] ==> ['1#-5'] 0.09 1.0
['1#20'] ==> ['1#30到-30'] 0.13 0.75
['1#-5'] ==> ['2#0'] 0.13 0.75
['1#15'] ==> ['4#370'] 0.09 0.67
['3#10'] ==> ['3#0'] 0.13 0.6
['1#0'] ==> ['1#30到-30'] 0.17 0.57
['1#5'] ==> ['2#0'] 0.09 0.5
['1#-10', '1#-20'] ==> ['1#10'] 0.09 1.0
['1#30到-20', '1#30到-30'] ==> ['1#0'] 0.09 1.0
['1#30到-30', '1#30到-35'] ==> ['1#20'] 0.09 1.0
['1#20到-20', '3#30到-30'] ==> ['3#25到-30'] 0.09 1.0
['1#40到-20'] ==> ['2#30到-30', '3#35到-35'] 0.09 1.0
['1#-5', '2#0'] ==> ['1#-10'] 0.09 0.67
['1#30到-30', '2#30到-30'] ==> ['1#20到-10'] 0.09 0.67
['1#0', '1#30到-30'] ==> ['1#20到-20'] 0.09 0.5
['1#-10', '1#-20', '1#10'] ==> ['1#15'] 0.09 1.0
['1#10', '2#20到-10'] ==> ['1#-10', '1#-5'] 0.09 1.0
['1#30到-30', '1#5到-25', '3#30到-20'] ==> ['1#20'] 0.09 1.0
['1#30到-30', '1#40到-20', '2#30到-30'] ==> ['3#35到-35'] 0.09 1.0
['1#15'] ==> ['1#-10', '1#-20', '4#370'] 0.09 0.67
['1#30到-30', '2#30到-30'] ==> ['1#40到-20', '3#35到-35'] 0.09 0.67
['1#0', '1#30到-30'] ==> ['1#20', '1#30到-20'] 0.09 0.5
['4#370'] ==> ['1#-10', '1#-20', '1#10', '1#15'] 0.09 1.0
['1#-5', '2#20到-10'] ==> ['1#-10', '1#10', '2#0'] 0.09 1.0
['1#-5', '1#10', '2#0', '2#20到-10'] ==> ['1#-10'] 0.09 1.0
['1#-10', '1#10', '4#370'] ==> ['1#-20', '1#15'] 0.09 1.0
['1#-10', '1#-5', '1#10', '2#20到-10'] ==> ['2#0'] 0.09 1.0
['1#30到-30', '1#30到-35', '1#5到-25'] ==> ['1#20', '3#30到-20'] 0.09 1.0
['1#10', '2#0'] ==> ['1#-10', '1#-5', '2#20到-10'] 0.09 0.67
['1#-5'] ==> ['1#-10', '1#10', '2#0', '2#20到-10'] 0.09 0.5
['1#20'] ==> ['1#30到-30', '1#30到-35', '1#5到-25', '3#30到-20'] 0.09 0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1175386930356306888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773878513333076, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

缺陷位置关联规则表(部分)

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关联规则 支持度 置信度
['1#-10'] ==> ['1#10'] 0.13 1.0
['2#30到-30'] ==> ['1#30到-30'] 0.13 1.0
['2#20到-10'] ==> ['1#-5'] 0.09 1.0
['1#20'] ==> ['1#30到-30'] 0.13 0.75
['1#-5'] ==> ['2#0'] 0.13 0.75
['1#15'] ==> ['4#370'] 0.09 0.67
['3#10'] ==> ['3#0'] 0.13 0.6
['1#0'] ==> ['1#30到-30'] 0.17 0.57
['1#5'] ==> ['2#0'] 0.09 0.5
['1#-10', '1#-20'] ==> ['1#10'] 0.09 1.0
['1#30到-20', '1#30到-30'] ==> ['1#0'] 0.09 1.0
['1#30到-30', '1#30到-35'] ==> ['1#20'] 0.09 1.0
['1#20到-20', '3#30到-30'] ==> ['3#25到-30'] 0.09 1.0
['1#40到-20'] ==> ['2#30到-30', '3#35到-35'] 0.09 1.0
['1#-5', '2#0'] ==> ['1#-10'] 0.09 0.67
['1#30到-30', '2#30到-30'] ==> ['1#20到-10'] 0.09 0.67
['1#0', '1#30到-30'] ==> ['1#20到-20'] 0.09 0.5
['1#-10', '1#-20', '1#10'] ==> ['1#15'] 0.09 1.0
['1#10', '2#20到-10'] ==> ['1#-10', '1#-5'] 0.09 1.0
['1#30到-30', '1#5到-25', '3#30到-20'] ==> ['1#20'] 0.09 1.0
['1#30到-30', '1#40到-20', '2#30到-30'] ==> ['3#35到-35'] 0.09 1.0
['1#15'] ==> ['1#-10', '1#-20', '4#370'] 0.09 0.67
['1#30到-30', '2#30到-30'] ==> ['1#40到-20', '3#35到-35'] 0.09 0.67
['1#0', '1#30到-30'] ==> ['1#20', '1#30到-20'] 0.09 0.5
['4#370'] ==> ['1#-10', '1#-20', '1#10', '1#15'] 0.09 1.0
['1#-5', '2#20到-10'] ==> ['1#-10', '1#10', '2#0'] 0.09 1.0
['1#-5', '1#10', '2#0', '2#20到-10'] ==> ['1#-10'] 0.09 1.0
['1#-10', '1#10', '4#370'] ==> ['1#-20', '1#15'] 0.09 1.0
['1#-10', '1#-5', '1#10', '2#20到-10'] ==> ['2#0'] 0.09 1.0
['1#30到-30', '1#30到-35', '1#5到-25'] ==> ['1#20', '3#30到-20'] 0.09 1.0
['1#10', '2#0'] ==> ['1#-10', '1#-5', '2#20到-10'] 0.09 0.67
['1#-5'] ==> ['1#-10', '1#10', '2#0', '2#20到-10'] 0.09 0.5
['1#20'] ==> ['1#30到-30', '1#30到-35', '1#5到-25', '3#30到-20'] 0.09 0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1175386930427610057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773878513333076, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Defect category size distribution information

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关联规则 规则说明
['2#30到-30'] ==> ['1#30到-30'],支持度=0.13,置信度=1.0 类型序号 2#30到-30 1#30到-30 分布情况/%
1 S SS 33
2 W S 33
3 SS W 33
['1#25到-30'] ==> ['1#35到-25'],支持度=0.09,置信度=1.0 类型序号 1#25到-30 1#35到-25 分布情况/%
1 WW S 50
2 S SS 50
['2#30到-25'] ==> ['1#30到-20'],支持度=0.09,置信度=1.0 类型序号 2#30到-25 1#30到-20 分布情况/%
1 S M 50
2 S S 50
['1#20到-20', '3#30到-30'] ==> ['3#25到-30'],
支持度=0.09,置信度=1.0
类型序号 1#20到-20,
3#30到-30
3#25到-30 分布情况/%
1 M S 100
['1#40到-20', '2#30到-30'] ==> ['1#30到-30'],
支持度=0.09,置信度=1.0
类型序号 1#40到-20,
2#30到-30
1#30到-30 分布情况/%
1 S SS 50
2 SS W 50
['1#30到-30', '3#35到-35'] ==> ['2#30到-30'],
支持度=0.09,置信度=1.0
类型序号 1#30到-30,
3#35到-35
2#30到-30 分布情况/%
1 S S 50
2 W SS 50
['1#30到-30', '1#5到-25'] ==> ['1#30到-35'],
支持度=0.09,置信度=1.0
1
类型序号 1#30到-30,
1#5到-25
1#30到-35 分布情况/%
1 W SS 100
), ArticleFig(id=1175386930503107530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773878513333076, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

缺陷类别尺寸分布信息

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关联规则 规则说明
['2#30到-30'] ==> ['1#30到-30'],支持度=0.13,置信度=1.0 类型序号 2#30到-30 1#30到-30 分布情况/%
1 S SS 33
2 W S 33
3 SS W 33
['1#25到-30'] ==> ['1#35到-25'],支持度=0.09,置信度=1.0 类型序号 1#25到-30 1#35到-25 分布情况/%
1 WW S 50
2 S SS 50
['2#30到-25'] ==> ['1#30到-20'],支持度=0.09,置信度=1.0 类型序号 2#30到-25 1#30到-20 分布情况/%
1 S M 50
2 S S 50
['1#20到-20', '3#30到-30'] ==> ['3#25到-30'],
支持度=0.09,置信度=1.0
类型序号 1#20到-20,
3#30到-30
3#25到-30 分布情况/%
1 M S 100
['1#40到-20', '2#30到-30'] ==> ['1#30到-30'],
支持度=0.09,置信度=1.0
类型序号 1#40到-20,
2#30到-30
1#30到-30 分布情况/%
1 S SS 50
2 SS W 50
['1#30到-30', '3#35到-35'] ==> ['2#30到-30'],
支持度=0.09,置信度=1.0
类型序号 1#30到-30,
3#35到-35
2#30到-30 分布情况/%
1 S S 50
2 W SS 50
['1#30到-30', '1#5到-25'] ==> ['1#30到-35'],
支持度=0.09,置信度=1.0
1
类型序号 1#30到-30,
1#5到-25
1#30到-35 分布情况/%
1 W SS 100
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基于关联分析的集输橇装设备运行故障诊断
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邱艳华 1 , 赵祥东 2 , 何焱 3 , 温庆 1 , 刘勇 4 , 林宇 1 , 吴宇 1 , 王嘉欣 2 , 王欣 2, *
科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025,25(13): 5408-5414
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025, 25(13): 5408-5414
基于关联分析的集输橇装设备运行故障诊断
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邱艳华1 , 赵祥东2, 何焱3, 温庆1, 刘勇4, 林宇1, 吴宇1, 王嘉欣2, 王欣2, *
作者信息
  • 1 中国石油西南油气田公司集输工程技术研究所, 成都 610031
  • 2 西南石油大学计算机与软件学院, 成都 610500
  • 3 四川长宁天然气开发有限责任公司, 成都 610051
  • 4 重庆科技大学石油与天然气工程学院, 重庆 401331
  • 邱艳华(1984—),女,汉族,四川成都人,高级工程师。研究方向:油气田地面集输。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 王欣(1981—),男,汉族,江苏扬州人,博士,研究员。研究方向:人工智能、机器学习及智慧油气田。E-mail:
Fault Diagnosis of Gathering and Transportation Skid-mounted Equipment Based on Association Analysis
Yan-hua QIU1 , Xiang-dong ZHAO2, Yan HE3, Qing WEN1, Yong LIU4, Yu LIN1, Yu WU1, Jia-xin WANG2, Xin WANG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Gathering Engineering Technology Research Institute, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Chengdu 610031, China
  • 2 School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
  • 3 Sichuan Changning Natural Gas Development Limited Liability Company, Chengdu 610051, China
  • 4 School of Petroleum Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
出版时间: 2025-05-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404356
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中国在页岩气的勘探开发中通常采用便于拆迁、运输与再组装的撬装设备,而撬装设备长期处于高压高温的工作环境中,容易产生故障。为了杜绝生产事故,消除安全隐患,有必要对集输撬装设备进行定期监测和故障诊断。常用的设备故障诊断方法仅仅能够得到相对独立和离散的故障信息,无法把故障之间的关联关系挖掘出来。对此,提出了两阶段关联分析技术,对页岩气集输撬装设备的故障信息展开分析,发现故障间的关联关系及缺陷类型分布,进而指导设备维护与工艺优化。在真实数据上的实验表明,所提出的方法准确发现了撬装设备缺陷位置间的关联关系及缺陷类型分布,为集输撬装设备的预防性检测和优化设计提供了新的解决方案。

撬装设备  /  故障分析  /  关联分析  /  缺陷分布  /  Apriori

In China's shale gas exploration and development, skid-mounted equipment is typically used due to its ease of disassembly, transportation, and reassembly. This equipment is often operated in high-pressure and high-temperature environments. As a result, faults are more likely to occur. To prevent production accidents and eliminate safety hazards, regular monitoring and fault diagnosis of skid-mounted gathering and transportation equipment are essential. Only relatively independent and discrete fault information is typically provided by conventional fault diagnosis methods. The relationships between faults are not uncovered. In response, a two-stage association analysis technique was proposed to analyze fault data from shale gas gathering and transportation skid-mounted equipment. The relationships between faults and defect type distributions were identified, providing valuable guidance for equipment maintenance and process optimization. It has been demonstrated through experiments on real data that the method proposed accurately identifies the relationships between defect locations and the distribution of defect types in skid-mounted equipment. A new solution is provided for the preventive detection and optimized design of gathering and transportation skid-mounted systems.

skid-mounted equipment  /  fault analysis  /  association analysis  /  defect distribution  /  Apriori
邱艳华, 赵祥东, 何焱, 温庆, 刘勇, 林宇, 吴宇, 王嘉欣, 王欣. 基于关联分析的集输橇装设备运行故障诊断. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (13) : 5408 -5414 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404356
Yan-hua QIU, Xiang-dong ZHAO, Yan HE, Qing WEN, Yong LIU, Yu LIN, Yu WU, Jia-xin WANG, Xin WANG. Fault Diagnosis of Gathering and Transportation Skid-mounted Equipment Based on Association Analysis[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (13) : 5408 -5414 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404356
近年来,随着各国油气资源需求不断增长,页岩气作为一种新兴油气资源已成为全球范围内勘探开发的新亮点。据统计,全球非常规天然气储量远超常规天然气,在非常规天然气中,页岩气可采储量占63%[1];预计到2035年,非常规天然气产量将达到1.6万亿m3。页岩气在能源结构化转型的浪潮中扮演着重要角色[2]。中国页岩气资源非常丰富,因此,大力开发储量丰富的页岩气是中国中长期调整能源结构、实现碳达峰碳中和[3]的现实选择。
当前中国对页岩气的勘探开发尚处于工业化开发的早期阶段,面临着许多技术、经济方面的困难[4]。页岩气开采初期井口压力高,含砂含水量高,需要能够满足集输要求的工艺设备。在页岩气开发过程中,通常采用便于拆迁、运输与再组装的撬装设备[5]。这类设备具有灵活调配、重复利用、低成本等优势。撬装设备实现了集输站场管道、设备、机泵、控制柜、电气仪表等功能组件的一体化,与站场内常规设备相比,撬装设备布置紧凑,若单一组件失效,可能诱发撬装平台上其他组件的连环失效,会造成设备损坏的连锁事故[6]。同时,随着设备使用年限的增加,发生事故的几率也在增加。开采设备长期处于高温高压的状态下,存在易燃易爆的安全隐患。因此,监控设备的运行状态,对设备进行状态监测、故障诊断十分必要[7]
近年来,研究人员提出了一系列基于机器学习的设备故障诊断技术,利用机器学习对故障诊断,能够有效提升生产信息化运维水平[8]。文献[9]提出了一种基于KShape数据增广与混合神经网络的故障诊断方法,该方法扩充了系统工况样本,可有效识别地层堵塞、油管漏失等故障。文献[10]提出了一种基于贝叶斯单源域领域泛化算法的天然气管道故障诊断方法,该方法提升了小样本场景下天然气管道故障诊断的准确性。文献[11]提出了一种考虑多通道传感器位置信息的Bagging集成卷积神经网络柱塞泵故障诊断方法,该方法解决了柱塞泵振动信号不平稳问题,进而提升了故障诊断精度。上述技术有效提升了设备故障诊断的准确率,提高了设备的运行效率。
然而,上述故障诊断方法仅能够得到相对独立和离散的故障信息,无法获悉故障间的关联关系;研究表明,故障诊断不仅需要发现设备缺陷位置的故障信息,还需要挖掘出故障间的关联关系[12-13],进而辅助故障预判,优化设备工艺等。因此,对页岩气平台橇装设备进行关联分析具有重要的现实意义。关联分析是数据挖掘技术的一个重要研究方向[14],旨在揭示数据集中各项集间的潜在关联关系,Apriori算法是关联规则挖掘任务的经典算法之一[15-16]
近期的研究工作中,国内外研究人员已将关联规则挖掘技术应用于多个领域的故障关联分析[17]。以国内学者陈秀秀等[18]为例,在航空工程领域利用Apriori算法分析大量航空设备故障数据,有效地发现了航空设备故障间的关联规则;张雁鹏等[19]设计了关联规则与相似度相结合的赋权Apriori算法用于新型列车运行控制系统故障定位;石大亮等[20]提出了一种基于关联规则的分类方法,用于船用柴油机故障诊断;周家玉等[21]提出了一种基于关联规则的变压器故障诊断方法,有效提高了故障诊断精度。与此同时,国际上的研究进展同样引人注目。例如,Xiao等[22]采用改进的Apriori算法挖掘配电网中各影响因素的关联关系,建立配电网故障-环境模式识别库,为配电网运行风险预警奠定基础;Jumaili等[23]聚焦于云计算环境下的智能故障诊断系统,依托Apriori算法搭建了连锁故障诊断模块。
虽然关联分析已经在故障诊断方面取得了应用,但针对集输橇装设备,如何采用关联分析发现设备间故障的关联关系,尚未得到有效解决。现通过关联分析挖掘出设备故障缺陷位置间的关联规则,然后根据挖掘出的关联规则进一步设计缺陷类型分布检验算法(AssoTPChk),用于开展缺陷类型分布分析,为撬装设备的故障判断提供新的解决方案。
页岩气的开发周期长,投资高,对集输设备的要求高。页岩气平台井橇装装置完善了工艺和设备统筹优化的设计流程,形成了“标准化、模块化、橇装化和滚动开发”的技术标准,有利于提高页岩气开采效率和开发质量。然而撬装设备的结构紧凑,设备密度大,同时平台井站的生产撬装、增压撬装常随着滚动开发的进行而搬迁,增加了设备的损伤风险。不仅如此,长期在高温高压环境下工作也会造成设备故障,并引发安全问题。因此,定期对撬装设备进行检测尤为重要,常规的检测方法仅仅能得到相对独立且离散的故障信息,然而通过关联分析挖掘出设备故障缺陷位置间的关联规则,根据挖掘出的关联规则进一步进行缺陷位置所对应的缺陷类别的数据分析,能够辅助撬装设备的设计、制造,进而提升设备可靠性,降低设备的故障率。现面向页岩气集输撬装设备检维修数据,对其进行关联分析,得到故障关联规则,为撬装设备的故障判断提供新的解决方案。
Apriori算法是关联规则挖掘任务最经典的算法之一[24],其核心思想是通过对候选i项集进行集合连接操作,产生候选i+1项集;随后对候选i+1项集进行支持度的验证,产生频繁i+1项集(i从1开始,通过迭代不断自增)Apriori算法流程大致如下。
步骤1 参数设置。
最小支持度阈值(min_support)和最小置信度阈值(min_confidence)。最小支持度阈值用于筛选支持度低于该阈值的候选项集;最小置信度阈值用于筛选置信度低于该阈值的关联规则。以下为支持度与置信度的定义。
Support(A)= c o u n t ( A ) c o u n t ( d a t a s e t )
式(1)中:count(A)为项集A出现的次数;count(dataset)为总数量。
Confidence(AB)= S u p p o r t ( A B ) S u p p o r t ( A )
式(2)中:Support(AB)为项集AB的支持度;Support(A)为项集A的支持度。
步骤2 产生频繁项集。
产生候选项集:从数据集中首先产生1项集(仅包含1个元素的项集),称为C1,并统计每个项集的频次。
剪枝与频繁项集生成:根据min_support,保留满足支持度要求的项集,得到频繁1项集L1
迭代产生更大项集:根据L1生成候选2项集C2,然后再生成频繁2项集L2。之后不断重复该过程,从Lk-1生成候选k项集Ck,再通过剪枝得到频繁k项集Lk。如果Lk为空,则停止迭代。
步骤3 生成关联规则。
针对频繁项集L,枚举其任一非空真子集Ls,产生形如R:LsL\Ls的规则(其中,“\”运算表示集合相减)。其中Ls称为规则的先导,L\Ls称为R的后继。若R的信任度不低于min_confidence则保留,否则忽略。
针对集输撬装设备展开了两个层级的故障关联分析。首先,通过关联分析,捕获同一设备不同位置缺陷间的关联关系;随后,进一步展开分析,捕获同一规则下,设备缺陷严重等级的分布状况。
首先面向撬装设备的故障位置展开关联分析,捕捉同一设备中不同位置的故障间的关联关系。具体流程包括:扫描设备检维修数据库中的每一项,形成故障候选项目集C1,随后从中筛选出满足阈值(即支持度不小于min_support)的候选项目集作为频繁1项集。针对频繁1项集,进行笛卡尔积的运算,得到候选2项集,随后对候选2项集中的每一项通过阈值判定进行剪枝,得到频繁 2项集。依此类推,直至生成所有的频繁项集。
在频繁项集的基础上,利用前述规则生成方法得到同时满足最小置信度的关联规则集合。
根据得出的关联规则,展开分析,发现设备中哪些故障之间有较强的关联性,从而对设备的设计、检维修提供指导。
不同位置的缺陷呈现出了不同严重程度的缺陷类型,如“内凹56mm”等。为了深入探索满足“关联关系”的缺陷位置下的缺陷严重情况,进一步展开了缺陷类型分析。
首先对设备的缺陷状况进行了离散化处理,将缺陷划分为了5个等级,SS:内凹60~69 mm;S:内凹50~59 mm;M:内凹40~49 mm;W:内凹30~39 mm;WW:内凹20~29 mm。
在此基础上,设计了缺陷类型分布检验算法(AssoTPChk)展开缺陷类型分布分析。该算法及运行流程如表1图1所示。
通过缺陷类型分布分析,可以进一步发现满足缺陷位置关联关系的设备,其对应缺陷位置下的缺陷严重等级的分布情况,如某规则R下的缺陷类型分布情况如表2所示。
以上分布信息可望对设备的维护起到更加有效的指导作用。在实验分析章节,将对缺陷类型分布分析做进一步的介绍。
以2018年以来长宁页岩气平台原料气管线故障诊断数据为分析对象。实验代码由Python编写。
以编号19061的撬装设备的射线检测故障为例。数据示例如表3所示。其中,阴影标注的数据列作为故障信息列,用于开展关联分析。以1#25到-15为例,它表明19061撬装设备第一张X光片上-25至+15范围内存在内凹22 mm的缺陷。
开展关联分析前,有必要对数据进行预处理,使其满足关联分析算法的要求。针对页岩气集输撬装设备,首先筛选出故障信息,其中包含:橇装设备名称、橇装设备编号、射线检测日期、焊口编号、缺陷类别、缺陷位置等。为了方便后续针对缺陷类别展开的二次分析,进一步将缺陷类别进行离散化处理,最终形成分析可用的数据集D
首先开展缺陷位置关联分析。在最小支持度(min_support)和最小置信度(min_confidence)分别为0.05和0.5的情况下,获得一批规则,其中具有代表性的规则如表4所示。
分析表明,撬装设备不同位置之间会出现故障共生的现象,具体的关联结果如下(仅列举具有代表性的前10个规则)。
(1)当1#20位置发生故障时,1#30到-30位置有75%的概率会发生故障。
(2)当3#10位置发生故障时,3#0位置有60%的概率会发生故障。
(3)当1#0位置发生故障时,1#30到-30位置有57%的概率会发生故障。
(4)当1#30到-20位置和1#30到-30位置同时发生故障时,1#0位置一定会发生故障。
(5)当1#-5位置和2#0位置同时发生故障时,1#-10位置有67%的概率会发生故障。
(6)当1#0位置和1#30到-30位置同时发生故障时,1#20到-20位置有50%的概率会同时发生故障。
(7)当1#30到-30位置、1#40到-20位置和2#30到-30位置同时发生故障时,3#35到-35位置一定会发生故障。
(8)当1#15位置发生故障时,1#-10位置、1#-20位置和4#370位置有67%的概率会同时发生故障。
(9)当1#0位置和1#30到-30位置同时发生故障时,1#20位置和1#30到-20位置有50%的概率会同时发生故障。
(10)当1#30到-30位置、1#30到-35位置和1#5到-25位置同时发生故障时,1#20位置和3#30到-20位置一定会同时发生故障。
进一步分析可以发现,以上缺陷位置关联规则所揭示的缺陷位置,与图2图3所示的撬装设备失效集中位置高度吻合。
随后,开展缺陷类型分布分析。根据690条缺陷位置关联规则,选取446条置信度为100%的规则进行缺陷类别分布分析,得到40条分布信息,代表性结果如表5所示。
关联规则说明:以规则['2#30到-30'] ==> ['1#30到-30']为例,表示在全部设备中有13%的设备会在2#30到-30和1#30到-30两个位置同时发生故障,在该关联规则下,会出现内凹50~59 mm和内凹60~69 mm,内凹30~39 mm和内凹50~59 mm,以及内凹60~69 mm和内凹30~39 mm的缺陷严重程度分布,且各占33%;以规则['1#30到-30', '1#5到-25'] ==> ['1#30到-35']为例,表示在相应的缺陷位置,所有的缺陷严重程度为内凹40~49 mm(W)和内凹60~69 mm(SS)。
分析显示,撬装设备失效位置集中在除砂器至分离器之间的工艺管线,尤其集中在角式节流阀后的两个弯头和一个三通前后。
失效特征:表现为存在腐蚀坑的分散性腐蚀,弯头本体有减薄迹象,存在分布的腐蚀坑,弯头焊缝腐蚀严重,存在整体减薄和较多的腐蚀坑。
失效原因:①弯头、三通内壁腐蚀特征和集输管线腐蚀类似,腐蚀坑内无腐蚀产物,为长宁区块细菌腐蚀的明显特征,现场失效大部分均为细菌腐蚀的特征;②焊缝处腐蚀速度明显快于管材本体;③在弯头处存在砂粒聚集现象,含砂流体可能在一定程度上加快了腐蚀速度。
进一步分析显示,设备的失效位置还集中在分离器排污法兰至排污调节阀后端,重点集中在排污切断阀、流量计、调节阀前后大小头焊缝处,占排污系统失效次数的78%~93%。
失效特征:表现为集中在排污管线大小头焊缝及法兰焊缝处的点蚀,腐蚀速度较快且集中,管线本体腐蚀轻微。
失效原因:①焊缝处的局部腐蚀(点蚀、坑蚀)是导致焊缝失效的主要原因;②焊缝处的局部腐蚀呈现较明显细菌腐蚀特征,并且焊缝处的腐蚀速率明显快于管道、管件本体腐蚀速率;③含砂返排液冲蚀可导致失效速度加快。
(1)针对页岩气集输撬装设备的运行故障,提出利用关联分析技术对设备故障位置的关联关系进行深入挖掘分析。
(2)设计缺陷类型分布检验算法(AssoTPChk),用于开展缺陷类型分布分析。
(3)在真实数据上开展的实验验证了本文方法的有效性,即:利用关联分析对撬装设备的故障展开分析,可以有效地揭示设备故障间的关联关系以及严重程度,从而为预防性检测和优化设计提供依据。
  • 国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金(52222402)
  • 油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室开放性研究课题(PLN 2022-33)
  • 南充市科技计划(23XNSYSX0111)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404356
  • 接收时间:2024-06-12
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-05-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-12
  • 修回日期:2025-02-06
基金
国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金(52222402)
油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室开放性研究课题(PLN 2022-33)
南充市科技计划(23XNSYSX0111)
作者信息
    1 中国石油西南油气田公司集输工程技术研究所, 成都 610031
    2 西南石油大学计算机与软件学院, 成都 610500
    3 四川长宁天然气开发有限责任公司, 成都 610051
    4 重庆科技大学石油与天然气工程学院, 重庆 401331

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* 王欣(1981—),男,汉族,江苏扬州人,博士,研究员。研究方向:人工智能、机器学习及智慧油气田。E-mail:
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小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
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红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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