Article(id=1149773875124335421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149773869357167407, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407064, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1726848000000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-21, revisedDate=1739203200000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752057053595, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1746633600000, pubDateStr=2025-05-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752057053595, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752057053594, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752057053594, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149773869357167407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='13', pageStart='5273', pageEnd='5704', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752057052207, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456769392, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559268744253990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149773869357167407, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559268744253991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149773869357167407, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=5609, endPage=5617, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149773875468268351, articleId=1149773875124335421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Low-carbon Path Optimization for Coal Rail-Road Intermodal Transport Considering Transshipment Delay Risks, columnId=1156262728772735295, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Traffics and Transportations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

When a large number of containers arrive at a node during coal intermodal transportation, it can lead to problems such as container congestion and transfer delays during the transshipment process. Based on this, the criteria importance through intercrieria correlation (CRITIC) objective weighting method was adopted to quantify the risk of transfer delay in coal rail-road intermodal transportation, and then the risk was incorporated into the path optimization factors. Meanwhile, the improved activity-share-intensity-factor (ASIF) equation was introduced to measure the carbon emissions of transportation and transshipment node exchange processes. A carbon emission and transfer delay risk model for the entire freight transportation time was established. Based on the above model, a coal rail-road intermodal transportation path optimization model was proposed, with the objectives of minimizing carbon emissions, transportation costs, transportation time, and transfer delay risk. Through a case study, MATLAB programming was introduced, and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ (NSGA-Ⅱ) algorithm was designed to solve the example. The optimization results under different transportation decision conditions were simulated, respectively. By comparing the single-objective optimization results of minimum carbon emissions, minimum transportation costs, shortest transportation time, and minimum transfer delay risk with the multi-objective optimization results that comprehensively consider the above objectives, the advantages of multi-objective optimization in handling low-carbon path optimization for coal rail-road intermodal transportation were explored. The research results show that compared with single-objective optimization, the multi-objective optimization scheme can effectively reduce transportation costs, shorten transportation time, reduce comprehensive energy consumption, and lower the risk of transfer delay, achieving a comprehensive optimal combination of economy and safety in coal rail-road intermodal transportation. At the same time, it also provides a certain reference for the path optimization of rail-road intermodal transportation under different transportation demands and scenarios.

, correspAuthors=Wen-hui ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Wen-hui ZHANG, Yu-hao XIANG, Wen-zhao ZHENG, Yu-xin XIAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149773881319322476, articleId=1149773875124335421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=考虑中转延误风险的煤炭公铁联运低碳路径优化, columnId=1156262730664366426, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·交通运输, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对煤炭联运过程中集装箱大规模到达时,会造成节点换装过程中集装箱挤压和中转延误等问题。基于此,采用量化管理理论中的“人、机、料、法、环”五维框架对节点换装过程中产生的中转延误风险进行评价,以客观赋权法(criteria importance though intercrieria correlation,CRITIC)对煤炭公铁联运中转延误风险进行量化评估,进而将风险纳入路径优化的考虑因素中来,同时引入改进的活动总量-模式分配-能源强度-排放因子(activity-share-intensity-factor,ASIF)方程对运输和中转节点换装过程的碳排放进行度量,建立全货运时间内的碳排放和中转延误风险模型。基于上述模型,提出以最低碳排放、最小运输成本、最短运输时间、最低中转延误风险为目标的煤炭公铁联运路径优化模型。以运输实例分析的过程,引入了MATLAB编程,设计非支配排序遗传算法Ⅱ(non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ,NSGA-Ⅱ)算法对算例进行求解,分别模拟了不同运输决策条件下的各优化结果,以最低碳排放、最小运输成本、最短运输时间、最低中转延误风险的单目标优化结果,与综合考虑上述目标的多目标优化结果对比,探究多目标优化在处理煤炭公铁联运低碳路径优化上的优势。研究结果表明:多目标优化方案相比单目标优化能够有效地降低运输费用,缩短运输时间,减少综合能耗,并降低中转延误风险,实现煤炭公铁联运经济与安全水平的综合最优;同时,也为不同运输需求及情景下的公铁联运路径优化提供了一定的参考依据。

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张文会(1978—),男,黑龙江哈尔滨人,博士,副教授。研究方向:物流系统规划与设计。E-mail:

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张文会(1978—),男,黑龙江哈尔滨人,博士,副教授。研究方向:物流系统规划与设计。E-mail:

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Automotive Engineering, 2016, 38(1): 78-85., articleTitle=A WTW analysis of diesel and HCNG fuel for large bus, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1175386912815723494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773875124335421, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=36, authorNames=蒋慧, journalName=液化天然气(LNG)不同应用情景的生命周期评价及优化分析, refType=null, unstructuredReference=蒋慧. 液化天然气(LNG)不同应用情景的生命周期评价及优化分析[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2017., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1175386912903803879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773875124335421, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Jiang Hui, journalName=Life cycle assessment and optimization analysis of different liquefiled natural gas (LNG) usage scenarios, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jiang Hui. Life cycle assessment and optimization analysis of different liquefiled natural gas (LNG) usage scenarios[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2017., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1175386910286558145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773875124335421, awardId=51638004, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(51638004), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1175386906952086408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773875124335421, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1175386906956280713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773875124335421, companyId=1175386906952086408, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Civil and Transportation, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1175386906964669322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773875124335421, companyId=1175386906952086408, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=东北林业大学土木与交通学院, 哈尔滨 150040)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1175386908713694123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773875124335421, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Coal rail-road intermodal transport operation model, figureFileSmall=+ylP/RNCTPbrhQ8ZRfV3HA==, figureFileBig=QiONiGmmZp0X9x/uEjiddA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175386908801774508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773875124335421, language=CN, label=图1, caption=煤炭公铁联运运作模式, figureFileSmall=+ylP/RNCTPbrhQ8ZRfV3HA==, figureFileBig=QiONiGmmZp0X9x/uEjiddA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175386908885660589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773875124335421, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Rail-road intermodal transport network diagram, figureFileSmall=/TVqusf8G8smJMqV4tDXhg==, figureFileBig=11VLNKJ8H4H9lpDc5ZuM4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175386908940186542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773875124335421, language=CN, label=图2, caption=公铁联运网络图, figureFileSmall=/TVqusf8G8smJMqV4tDXhg==, figureFileBig=11VLNKJ8H4H9lpDc5ZuM4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175386908994712495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773875124335421, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Evaluation index system for the risk of transshipment delay in coal rail-road intermodal transportation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级指标 二级指标
人员风险(A1) 作业人员素质(B11)
工人的健康风险和职业危害(B12)
专业技能(B13)
作业强度(B14)
设施设备风险(A2) 装卸设备性能(B21)
节点搬运设备能力(B22)
设备操作故障率(B23)
转运事故或碰撞(B24)
货物自身风险(A3) 煤炭装卸过程中的火灾隐患(B31)
包装破损(B32)
转运管理风险(A4) 安全规章制度(B41)
安全措施配置(B42)
作业标准化程度(B43)
应急管理(B44)
转运时刻编制(B45)
自然环境风险(A5) 天气条件(B51)
自然灾害(B52)
), ArticleFig(id=1175386909053432752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773875124335421, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

煤炭物流公铁联运转运延误风险评价指标体系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级指标 二级指标
人员风险(A1) 作业人员素质(B11)
工人的健康风险和职业危害(B12)
专业技能(B13)
作业强度(B14)
设施设备风险(A2) 装卸设备性能(B21)
节点搬运设备能力(B22)
设备操作故障率(B23)
转运事故或碰撞(B24)
货物自身风险(A3) 煤炭装卸过程中的火灾隐患(B31)
包装破损(B32)
转运管理风险(A4) 安全规章制度(B41)
安全措施配置(B42)
作业标准化程度(B43)
应急管理(B44)
转运时刻编制(B45)
自然环境风险(A5) 天气条件(B51)
自然灾害(B52)
), ArticleFig(id=1175386909120541617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773875124335421, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Explanation of parameter symbols in the Model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
符号 含义
N 运输节点合集
i,j 运输网络中相邻的两个节点(i,jN)
k,l 运输方式,其中kl,取值为1表示公路运输,2表示铁路运输
E 运输过程的碳排放,kg
R 中转延误风险值
C 运输过程的直接成本,元
T 运输过程的时间消耗,h
Q 运输总量,TEU
f 使用的能源类型(f=1代表柴油;f=2代表电力;f=3代表液化天然气)
L i j k 货物从节点i到节点j采用运输方式k运输到j节点的运距,km
S i j f k 节点i到节点j采用运输方式k中各种牵引结构的占比,%
I i j f k 动力机车的能耗强度,电力机车为kW·h/(TEU·km),内燃机车为L/(TEU·km)
F c f 不同能源的排放系数,电力作为能源的CO2排放系数为kg/(kW·h),柴油作为能源的CO2排放系数为kg/L,液化天然气作为能源的CO2排放系数为kg/kg
S l i j f 各类中转设备的结构占比,%
I l i j f 中转设备的能耗强度,电力机械为kW·h/TEU,柴油机械为L/TEU
ri 节点i的中转延误风险
p r 1, p r 2,pt,pl 铁路运价中,运价1单位为元/TEU,运价2单位为元/(TEU·km);公路运价单位为元/TEU,转运价格单位为元/TEU
L r i j, L t i j 分别表示节点i到节点j的铁路运距和公路运距,km
Vr,Vt 分别表示铁路运输和公路运输的平均速度,km/h
x i j k 0-1变量,表示货物从节点i到节点j采用运输方式k运输到j节点时取值为1,反之取0
y i k , l 0-1变量,表示节点i运输方式由可转换为l
), ArticleFig(id=1175386909196039090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773875124335421, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

模型中的参数符号说明

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
符号 含义
N 运输节点合集
i,j 运输网络中相邻的两个节点(i,jN)
k,l 运输方式,其中kl,取值为1表示公路运输,2表示铁路运输
E 运输过程的碳排放,kg
R 中转延误风险值
C 运输过程的直接成本,元
T 运输过程的时间消耗,h
Q 运输总量,TEU
f 使用的能源类型(f=1代表柴油;f=2代表电力;f=3代表液化天然气)
L i j k 货物从节点i到节点j采用运输方式k运输到j节点的运距,km
S i j f k 节点i到节点j采用运输方式k中各种牵引结构的占比,%
I i j f k 动力机车的能耗强度,电力机车为kW·h/(TEU·km),内燃机车为L/(TEU·km)
F c f 不同能源的排放系数,电力作为能源的CO2排放系数为kg/(kW·h),柴油作为能源的CO2排放系数为kg/L,液化天然气作为能源的CO2排放系数为kg/kg
S l i j f 各类中转设备的结构占比,%
I l i j f 中转设备的能耗强度,电力机械为kW·h/TEU,柴油机械为L/TEU
ri 节点i的中转延误风险
p r 1, p r 2,pt,pl 铁路运价中,运价1单位为元/TEU,运价2单位为元/(TEU·km);公路运价单位为元/TEU,转运价格单位为元/TEU
L r i j, L t i j 分别表示节点i到节点j的铁路运距和公路运距,km
Vr,Vt 分别表示铁路运输和公路运输的平均速度,km/h
x i j k 0-1变量,表示货物从节点i到节点j采用运输方式k运输到j节点时取值为1,反之取0
y i k , l 0-1变量,表示节点i运输方式由可转换为l
), ArticleFig(id=1175386909258953651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773875124335421, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Transportation distances for various modes of transport between different transport points

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
运输
区间
运距/km 运输
区间
运距/km
公路 铁路 公路 铁路
1-2 43 8-9 321
1-3 36 8-10 326
2-4 47 8-11 323 314
3-5 66 9-12 488 456
4-6 62 9-13 467 455
5-6 53 10-12 442 455
6-7 300 351 10-13 425
6-8 393 11-12 388 409
7-9 328 316 12-14 134
7-10 294 308 13-14 126
7-11 275
), ArticleFig(id=1175386909321868212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773875124335421, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同运输点间各种运输方式的运距

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
运输
区间
运距/km 运输
区间
运距/km
公路 铁路 公路 铁路
1-2 43 8-9 321
1-3 36 8-10 326
2-4 47 8-11 323 314
3-5 66 9-12 488 456
4-6 62 9-13 467 455
5-6 53 10-12 442 455
6-7 300 351 10-13 425
6-8 393 11-12 388 409
7-9 328 316 12-14 134
7-10 294 308 13-14 126
7-11 275
), ArticleFig(id=1175386909397365685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773875124335421, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Unit transportation cost, speed, transshipment fees, and time for different transportation modes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
运输
方式
单位成本/
[元·(TEU·km)-1]
运输速度/
(km·h-1)
中转费用/
(元·km-1)
中转时间/
h
公路 5.2 80 195 0.8
铁路 基价1 532
基价23.357
100
), ArticleFig(id=1175386909464474550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773875124335421, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同运输方式的单位运输成本、运速、中转费用及时间

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
运输
方式
单位成本/
[元·(TEU·km)-1]
运输速度/
(km·h-1)
中转费用/
(元·km-1)
中转时间/
h
公路 5.2 80 195 0.8
铁路 基价1 532
基价23.357
100
), ArticleFig(id=1175386909577720759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773875124335421, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Energy Structure Parameters for Different Transportation Modes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
运输方式 S/% I 计算方法与说明
铁路 1.850 0.071 L/(TEU·km) 23.3 kg/(万t·km)×30.48 t/10 000,30.48 t表示满载集装箱重
98.15 0.310 kW·h/(TEU·km) 101.7 kW·h/(万t·km)×30.48 t/10 000,30.48 t表示满载集装箱重
集卡 60 0.175 L/(TEU·km) 35.0 L/(车·100 km)×2 TEU/车/100 km
40 0.160 kg/(TEU·km) 32.0 kg/(车·100 km)×2 TEU/车/100 km
装卸 100 315 kW·h/TEU 529.2 kW·h/(2 TEU/车×42车/列×2),529.2 kW·h表示装卸一列平均
), ArticleFig(id=1175386909640635320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773875124335421, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同运输方式能源结构参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
运输方式 S/% I 计算方法与说明
铁路 1.850 0.071 L/(TEU·km) 23.3 kg/(万t·km)×30.48 t/10 000,30.48 t表示满载集装箱重
98.15 0.310 kW·h/(TEU·km) 101.7 kW·h/(万t·km)×30.48 t/10 000,30.48 t表示满载集装箱重
集卡 60 0.175 L/(TEU·km) 35.0 L/(车·100 km)×2 TEU/车/100 km
40 0.160 kg/(TEU·km) 32.0 kg/(车·100 km)×2 TEU/车/100 km
装卸 100 315 kW·h/TEU 529.2 kW·h/(2 TEU/车×42车/列×2),529.2 kW·h表示装卸一列平均
), ArticleFig(id=1175386909703549881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773875124335421, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Emission coefficients of different energy source

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 参数值 数据文献来源
柴油 F f 1 0 2.647 kg/L [20]
F f 1 1 3.758 kg/L [21]
电力 F f 2 0 0
F f 2 1 0.809 kg/(kW·h) [21]
LNG F f 3 0 2.750 kg/kg [20]
F f 3 1 3.070 kg/kg [22]
), ArticleFig(id=1175386909770658746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773875124335421, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同能源的排放系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 参数值 数据文献来源
柴油 F f 1 0 2.647 kg/L [20]
F f 1 1 3.758 kg/L [21]
电力 F f 2 0 0
F f 2 1 0.809 kg/(kW·h) [21]
LNG F f 3 0 2.750 kg/kg [20]
F f 3 1 3.070 kg/kg [22]
), ArticleFig(id=1175386909825184699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773875124335421, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Transshipment delay risk evaluation indicator values in rail-road intermodal transportation network

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标 风险/%
节点6 节点7 节点8 节点9 节点10 节点11 节点12 节点13
A1 B11 73 71 39 51 62 26 69 53
B12 61 71 41 36 38 56 57 50
B13 92 76 58 43 76 43 50 49
B14 65 65 80 41 55 41 42 54
A2 B21 92 76 60 49 84 38 46 42
B22 47 55 33 66 46 65 54 46
B23 21 72 72 66 57 87 43 75
B24 65 55 50 35 39 27 36 31
A3 B31 49 20 86 65 48 76 60 31
B32 19 66 33 35 25 78 38 38
A4 B41 94 86 62 76 82 68 69 55
B42 94 76 62 74 81 74 69 61
B43 85 86 64 82 75 65 79 54
B44 91 74 66 77 79 66 79 60
B45 78 78 67 77 77 65 74 54
A5 B51 72 56 50 82 81 52 54 48
B52 39 72 64 72 29 76 29 62
), ArticleFig(id=1175386909909070780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773875124335421, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

公铁联运运输网络中转延误风险评价指标值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标 风险/%
节点6 节点7 节点8 节点9 节点10 节点11 节点12 节点13
A1 B11 73 71 39 51 62 26 69 53
B12 61 71 41 36 38 56 57 50
B13 92 76 58 43 76 43 50 49
B14 65 65 80 41 55 41 42 54
A2 B21 92 76 60 49 84 38 46 42
B22 47 55 33 66 46 65 54 46
B23 21 72 72 66 57 87 43 75
B24 65 55 50 35 39 27 36 31
A3 B31 49 20 86 65 48 76 60 31
B32 19 66 33 35 25 78 38 38
A4 B41 94 86 62 76 82 68 69 55
B42 94 76 62 74 81 74 69 61
B43 85 86 64 82 75 65 79 54
B44 91 74 66 77 79 66 79 60
B45 78 78 67 77 77 65 74 54
A5 B51 72 56 50 82 81 52 54 48
B52 39 72 64 72 29 76 29 62
), ArticleFig(id=1175386909976179645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773875124335421, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

CRITIC method weighting results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标 指标变异性 指标冲突性 信息量 权重
A1 B11 0.354 10.126 3.587 0.049 5
B12 0.351 17.540 6.154 0.084 9
B13 0.373 11.075 4.126 0.056 9
B14 0.361 15.928 5.747 0.079 3
A2 B21 0.382 10.468 3.996 0.055 1
B22 0.331 15.656 5.178 0.071 4
B23 0.318 9.826 3.121 0.043 1
B24 0.345 21.131 7.285 0.100 5
A3 B31 0.334 14.155 4.733 0.065 3
B32 0.342 12.325 4.215 0.058 1
A4 B41 0.333 9.166 3.049 0.042 1
B42 0.322 9.370 3.018 0.041 6
B43 0.361 9.590 3.465 0.047 8
B44 0.316 8.432 2.665 0.036 8
B45 0.359 9.473 3.40 0.046 9
A5 B51 0.416 9.582 3.987 0.055 0
B52 0.422 11.276 4.760 0.065 7
), ArticleFig(id=1175386910043288510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773875124335421, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

CRITICT赋权结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标 指标变异性 指标冲突性 信息量 权重
A1 B11 0.354 10.126 3.587 0.049 5
B12 0.351 17.540 6.154 0.084 9
B13 0.373 11.075 4.126 0.056 9
B14 0.361 15.928 5.747 0.079 3
A2 B21 0.382 10.468 3.996 0.055 1
B22 0.331 15.656 5.178 0.071 4
B23 0.318 9.826 3.121 0.043 1
B24 0.345 21.131 7.285 0.100 5
A3 B31 0.334 14.155 4.733 0.065 3
B32 0.342 12.325 4.215 0.058 1
A4 B41 0.333 9.166 3.049 0.042 1
B42 0.322 9.370 3.018 0.041 6
B43 0.361 9.590 3.465 0.047 8
B44 0.316 8.432 2.665 0.036 8
B45 0.359 9.473 3.40 0.046 9
A5 B51 0.416 9.582 3.987 0.055 0
B52 0.422 11.276 4.760 0.065 7
), ArticleFig(id=1175386910110397375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773875124335421, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Optimal paths and function values obtained under different objectives

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 决策目标 路径及运输方式组合 运输费用/元 运输时间/h 运输能耗/kg 中转延误风险


多目标决策
碳排放最小
时间最短
1-2-4-6-7-9-12-14
公-公-公-公-铁-铁-铁-公
7 243.11 16.41 21 888.32 118.03
中转延误风险最小 1-3-5-6-8-11-12-14
公-公-公-公-公-公-公-公
7 243.60 17.41 29 113.84 0
成本最小 1-2-4-6-7-10-12-14
公-公-公-公-公-公-公-公
6 874.40 16.53 27 629.93 0
), ArticleFig(id=1175386910173311936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149773875124335421, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

不同目标下得到的最优路径与函数值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 决策目标 路径及运输方式组合 运输费用/元 运输时间/h 运输能耗/kg 中转延误风险


多目标决策
碳排放最小
时间最短
1-2-4-6-7-9-12-14
公-公-公-公-铁-铁-铁-公
7 243.11 16.41 21 888.32 118.03
中转延误风险最小 1-3-5-6-8-11-12-14
公-公-公-公-公-公-公-公
7 243.60 17.41 29 113.84 0
成本最小 1-2-4-6-7-10-12-14
公-公-公-公-公-公-公-公
6 874.40 16.53 27 629.93 0
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考虑中转延误风险的煤炭公铁联运低碳路径优化
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张文会 , 向宇豪 , 郑文诏 , 肖宇欣
科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025,25(13): 5609-5617
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025, 25(13): 5609-5617
考虑中转延误风险的煤炭公铁联运低碳路径优化
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张文会 , 向宇豪, 郑文诏, 肖宇欣
作者信息
  • 东北林业大学土木与交通学院, 哈尔滨 150040
  • 张文会(1978—),男,黑龙江哈尔滨人,博士,副教授。研究方向:物流系统规划与设计。E-mail:

Low-carbon Path Optimization for Coal Rail-Road Intermodal Transport Considering Transshipment Delay Risks
Wen-hui ZHANG , Yu-hao XIANG, Wen-zhao ZHENG, Yu-xin XIAO
Affiliations
  • School of Civil and Transportation, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
出版时间: 2025-05-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407064
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针对煤炭联运过程中集装箱大规模到达时,会造成节点换装过程中集装箱挤压和中转延误等问题。基于此,采用量化管理理论中的“人、机、料、法、环”五维框架对节点换装过程中产生的中转延误风险进行评价,以客观赋权法(criteria importance though intercrieria correlation,CRITIC)对煤炭公铁联运中转延误风险进行量化评估,进而将风险纳入路径优化的考虑因素中来,同时引入改进的活动总量-模式分配-能源强度-排放因子(activity-share-intensity-factor,ASIF)方程对运输和中转节点换装过程的碳排放进行度量,建立全货运时间内的碳排放和中转延误风险模型。基于上述模型,提出以最低碳排放、最小运输成本、最短运输时间、最低中转延误风险为目标的煤炭公铁联运路径优化模型。以运输实例分析的过程,引入了MATLAB编程,设计非支配排序遗传算法Ⅱ(non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ,NSGA-Ⅱ)算法对算例进行求解,分别模拟了不同运输决策条件下的各优化结果,以最低碳排放、最小运输成本、最短运输时间、最低中转延误风险的单目标优化结果,与综合考虑上述目标的多目标优化结果对比,探究多目标优化在处理煤炭公铁联运低碳路径优化上的优势。研究结果表明:多目标优化方案相比单目标优化能够有效地降低运输费用,缩短运输时间,减少综合能耗,并降低中转延误风险,实现煤炭公铁联运经济与安全水平的综合最优;同时,也为不同运输需求及情景下的公铁联运路径优化提供了一定的参考依据。

公铁联运  /  煤炭运输  /  中转延误风险  /  碳排放  /  多目标规划  /  路径优化

When a large number of containers arrive at a node during coal intermodal transportation, it can lead to problems such as container congestion and transfer delays during the transshipment process. Based on this, the criteria importance through intercrieria correlation (CRITIC) objective weighting method was adopted to quantify the risk of transfer delay in coal rail-road intermodal transportation, and then the risk was incorporated into the path optimization factors. Meanwhile, the improved activity-share-intensity-factor (ASIF) equation was introduced to measure the carbon emissions of transportation and transshipment node exchange processes. A carbon emission and transfer delay risk model for the entire freight transportation time was established. Based on the above model, a coal rail-road intermodal transportation path optimization model was proposed, with the objectives of minimizing carbon emissions, transportation costs, transportation time, and transfer delay risk. Through a case study, MATLAB programming was introduced, and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ (NSGA-Ⅱ) algorithm was designed to solve the example. The optimization results under different transportation decision conditions were simulated, respectively. By comparing the single-objective optimization results of minimum carbon emissions, minimum transportation costs, shortest transportation time, and minimum transfer delay risk with the multi-objective optimization results that comprehensively consider the above objectives, the advantages of multi-objective optimization in handling low-carbon path optimization for coal rail-road intermodal transportation were explored. The research results show that compared with single-objective optimization, the multi-objective optimization scheme can effectively reduce transportation costs, shorten transportation time, reduce comprehensive energy consumption, and lower the risk of transfer delay, achieving a comprehensive optimal combination of economy and safety in coal rail-road intermodal transportation. At the same time, it also provides a certain reference for the path optimization of rail-road intermodal transportation under different transportation demands and scenarios.

intermodal rail-road transportation  /  coal transportion  /  transfer delay risk  /  carbon emission  /  multi-objective programming  /  path optimization
张文会, 向宇豪, 郑文诏, 肖宇欣. 考虑中转延误风险的煤炭公铁联运低碳路径优化. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (13) : 5609 -5617 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407064
Wen-hui ZHANG, Yu-hao XIANG, Wen-zhao ZHENG, Yu-xin XIAO. Low-carbon Path Optimization for Coal Rail-Road Intermodal Transport Considering Transshipment Delay Risks[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (13) : 5609 -5617 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407064
物流运输作为国民经济的支柱性、战略性及先导性产业,不仅是重要的碳排放源,而且由于其产业关联度高,对其他行业的碳排放具有显著的辐射与拉动效应。其中,公铁联运作为一种高效的运输组织方式,通过整合铁路与公路两种运输模式,充分利用铁路运输的大运量、低能耗及低成本优势,以及公路运输的快捷与便利特性,已逐渐成为大宗货物——尤其是煤炭和大型工矿产品运输的重要方式。因此,对公铁联运路径选择的优化研究,具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。
在公铁联运路径优化模型领域,学者们主要从影响路径选择的关键因素入手,以影响因素中的一个或多个决策模板构建单目标或多目标优化模型。Wang等[1]通过深入分析公铁联运中的轴辐式网络结构,构建了单目标的混合整数线性规划(mixed-integer linear programming, MILP)模型对运输路径进行优化。此外,学者们[2-5]探讨了公铁联运过程中的不确定性因素,并尝试利用多种优化算法实现路径规划,但尚未清晰界定这些不确定性因素。在唐继孟等[6]的研究中发现,中转延误对多式联运决策产生显著影响。虽然已有研究对运输过程中的延误进行了广泛评估且效果较好[7-8],但针对枢纽中的中转延误单独分析的文章不多,导致该因素在研究中所占比重不足,未能合理反映中转延误对整体运输时间的实际影响。同时,由于缺乏统一的指标选取标准,也会引发评估结果上的偏差。公铁联运领域的研究多聚焦于常规的运输优化与机制研究,而针对“节能减排”的核心碳排放因素研究则相对缺乏。尽管部分研究者已指出公转铁模式能有效减少传统运输方式中的碳排放[9],但这方面的深入研究尚需扩充。
综上所述,目前研究者们的关注焦点主要聚集在公铁联运的经济效益、时效性以及低碳特性上,进而开展针对运输路径的优化研究。然而,这些研究大多仅限于在单一约束条件下探讨公铁联运的路径优化问题,对于同时考虑中转延误风险、碳排放、运输成本以及时间效益对煤炭公铁联运路径优化影响的研究较少。现选定煤炭公铁联运作为研究主题,针对特定的运输产品进行深入分析,以弥补现有文献在研究领域方面的不足,与此同时构建一个综合考虑最低碳排放、最小运输成本、最短运输时间及最低中转延误风险的多目标煤炭公铁联运路径优化模型,并通过案例分析,探索碳排放和中转延误因素对煤炭公铁联运路径优化的具体影响,为实现煤炭运输的低碳绿色发展提供决策依据。
煤炭公铁联运是指煤炭以散货或者集装箱的形式,在开采区域到需求区域之间,通过散货装卸、挂车短驳、中转换装、集卡短驳、铁路运输等运输流程的组合,将煤炭从开采区域运输到需求区域的过程,这个过程中主要涉及的设备有挖掘机、自卸式挂车、给煤机、叉车、正面吊、集装箱卡车、轨道吊、轮胎吊,要经过选煤厂、配煤中心、铁路站等中转枢纽。由于大部分需求点没有直接引入铁路专线,煤炭经专用线进入转运企业后,还需要经过短驳和中转才能到达需求点,具体流程如图1所示。
在构建中转延误风险的评价指标体系时,在郝晨[10]提出了“人员因素、设备因素、管理因素、环境因素”4个方面评价分析的基础上,首先依据量化管理理论中的“人、机、料、法、环”五维框架,综合分析多种影响因素,确保评价体系的全面性和科学性。该评价体系涵盖了人为操作、设备配置、物流管理、制度法规以及不可抗力等多个维度,能够全面地映射出中转延误风险的复杂因果关系。
人员风险:操作人员的专业技能和经验水平是影响中转效率的重要因素。研究表明,操作人员的熟练程度与中转延误风险呈负相关[10-12]。因此,评价体系纳入了操作人员的熟练度、工作经验等指标,以评估人为因素对中转延误风险的影响。
设施设备风险:中转设备的性能和可靠性直接关系到中转作业的效率和安全性。相关研究表明,设备故障是导致中转延误的主要原因之一[12-16]。因此,评价体系考虑了中转所需设备的性能、维护状态等指标,以评估设备因素对中转延误风险的影响。
货物自身风险:煤炭作为一种特殊货物,其自身特性也会影响中转效率。例如,煤炭的自燃性和易碎性可能导致中转延误甚至安全事故[11,14,16]。因此,评价体系将货物特性纳入指标范围,并选取了自燃和包装破损等指标,以评估货物自身因素对中转延误风险的影响。
转运管理风险:高效的转运管理是保障中转作业顺利进行的关键。研究表明,不合理的货物管理流程和中转作业计划是导致中转延误的重要原因[12,17]。因此,评价体系引入了货物管理流程的合理性、中转作业的计划与调度的标准化程度等指标,以评估管理因素对中转延误风险的影响。
自然环境风险:自然灾害和极端天气等不可抗力因素也会对中转作业产生显著影响[11,14-15]。评价体系将自然环境风险纳入指标范围,并选取了自然灾害、极端天气等指标,以评估环境因素对中转延误风险的影响。
通过对以上五要素的研究与梳理,构建了煤炭物流公铁联运转运延误风险评价指标体系,如表1所示,其中包含5个一级指标和17个二级指标。
在中转延误风险评价指标体系确定之后,对中转枢纽进行定量分析,需要根据情况对评价指标分别进行赋权。鉴于公铁联运中转节点的复杂性,不同的延误风险评价指标对总体延误风险的影响不尽相同。为了客观、准确地评估公铁联运中转延误风险,需要对各评价指标进行合理赋权。采用客观赋权法(criteria importance though intercrieria correlation,CRITIC)确定中转延误风险评价指标的权重。CRITIC法是一种基于评价指标的对比强度和指标之间的冲突性来综合衡量指标客观权重的方法。对比强度指的是同一指标在不同评价方案之间取值差距的大小,通常以标准差的形式表示。标准差越大,表明波动越大,即各方案之间的取值差距越大,因此该指标的权重也越高。指标之间的冲突性则通过相关系数来表示,若两个指标之间具有较强的正相关性,说明其冲突性较小,因而权重会较低。
CRITIC客观赋权法的具体步骤如下。
步骤1 对原始数据进行无量纲化处理,消除因量纲不同对评价结果的影响。使用正向化或逆向化处理方法,即
x'ij= x j m a x - x j m i n x j - x j m i n , x j m a x - x j m i n x j m a x - x j ,
式(1)中:xij为第i个样本第j项评价指标的数值;x'ij为无量纲化后的数值; x j m a x x j m i n分别为第j项评价指标的最大值和最小值。
步骤2 计算各评价指标的对比强度,即各指标的标准差。
Sj= 1 n i = 1 n ( x ' i j - x ¯ j ) 2
式(2)中: x ¯ j为第j项评价指标的平均值。
步骤3 计算各评价指标之间的冲突性,即各指标与其他所有指标之间的相关系数之和。
Ri= i = 1 , i j p(1-rij)
式(3)中:rij为评价指标ij之间的相关系数。
步骤4 计算各评价指标的信息量,即各指标的对比强度与冲突性之积。
Cj=SjRj
步骤5 计算各评价指标的客观权重,即各指标信息量占总信息量的比例。
Wj= C j j = 1 p C j
考虑到整个煤炭物流公铁联运的过程中,跨越区域大,难以获得相关的能源数据,因而不适用于“自上而下”的碳排放计算方法。不仅如此,由于整个运输过程产品类别和包装方式的变化,使得设备类型等也不尽相同,目前,国际上采用的活动总量-模式分配-能源强度-排放因子 (activity-share-intensity-factor,ASIF)方法同时能对不同运输模式进行“自上而下”的碳排放估算[18]。但由于该方法仅针对运输模式本身,未考虑多式联运中的装卸搬运、中转换装等辅助作业。因此,根据煤炭物流公铁联运运作模式,将所涉及的流程划分为公路短驳运输、铁路干线运输和枢纽中转作业3种运作模式,基于此改进ASIF方程,分别建立短驳运输、干线运输和中转作业的碳排放估算模型。
Cr= i j fAr S r i j f I r i j f F c i j f
式(6)中:Cr为铁路的干线运输产生的二氧化碳排放量,kg;Ar为铁路的干线运输周转量,TEU·km;TEU(twenty-foot equivalent unit)表示20 ft标准集装箱单位,1 ft=0.304 8 m; S r i j f为各种牵引结构的占比%; I r i j f为动力机车的能耗强度,电力机车为kW·h/(TEU·km),内燃机车为L/(TEU·km); F c i j f为不同能源的排放系数,电力排放系数为kg/(kW·h),柴油排放系数为kg/L,液化天然气为kg/kg;ij分别为出发节点和目的节点;f为机车使用的能源类型,f=1代表柴油,f=2代表电力,f=3代表液化天然气;c为能源生命周期,c=0代表油箱到车轮的过程(tank to wheel,T2W),c=1代油井到车轮的过程表(well to wheel,W2W)。
Ct= i j fAt S t i j f I t i j f F c i j f
式(7)中:Ct为卡车短驳过程产生的二氧化碳排放量,kg;At为短驳运输的周转量,TEU·km; S t i j f为各类卡车的结构占比%; I t i j f为卡车的能耗强度,纯电卡车为kW·h/(TEU·km),柴油卡车为L/(TEU·km),液化天然气为kg/(TEU·km)。
Cl= i j fAl S l i j f I l i j f F c i j f
式(8)中:Cl为中转作业的二氧化碳排放量,kg;Al为中转过程中的作业量合计,TEU; S l i j f为各类中转设备的结构占比%; I l i j f为转运设备能耗强度,电力机械为kW·h/TEU,柴油机械为L/TEU。
对于3种运输方式的运输总量,分别按照式(6)~式(8)进行计算。
Ar=Q i j L r i j
At=Q i j L t i j
式中:Q为煤炭物流公铁联运在该线路的运输总量,TEU; L r i j为铁路运距,km; L t i j为两个中转点之间的距离,km。
综述,可以得到煤炭物流公铁联运排放总量C
C=(Cr+Ct+Cl)/1 000
考虑中转延误风险的煤炭公铁联运低碳路径优化问题,货物由初始点出发,经过由公路、铁路联合组成的运输网络送达目的地,其间经过若干个中转枢纽,在枢纽转运过程中可以选择若干运输路径。由于转运过程中存在诸多的不确定性,因此,通过量化转运过程中的不确定性造成的延误风险,考虑运输过程中的碳排放的影响,建立路径优化模型,并综合考虑环境效益、延误风险、经济成本、时间效益选择恰当的运输路径。
该问题的假设条件如下。
(1)一批货物在运输过程中不可分割,即保证运输的完整性。
(2)两个节点之间,一批货物的运输方式唯一,只能选择一种运输方式。
(3)转运过程只能发生在中转枢纽,且每个节点至多转运一次。
(4)节点和路段的容量满足运输需求且节点之间的运力充足。
(5)中转枢纽的延误风险评价数据已知。
(6)卡车和火车均看作匀速行驶。
(7)以20 ft集装箱为标准(1 ft=0.304 8 m),参照《系列1集装箱 分类、尺寸和额定质量》(GB/T 1413—2023)将集装箱总总量定为35 t。此外,问题涉及的参数符号如表2所示。
基于以上问题描述,将中转延误风险值和碳排放量纳入模型,以最低碳排放、最小运输成本、最短运输时间、最低中转延误风险为求解目标构建路径优化模型
$\begin{aligned} \min E= & \sum_{i \in N} \sum_{j \in N} \sum_{k \in\{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{t} \mid f \in\{1,2,3\}} \sum_{i j} Q x_{i j}^{k} L_{i j}^{k} S_{i j f}^{k} I_{i j f}^{k} F_{f}^{\mathrm{c}}+ \\ & \sum_{i \in N} \sum_{j \in N} \sum_{k \in\{\mathrm{r}, \mathrm{t} \mid\}} \sum_{f \in\{1,2,3\}} Q y_{i}^{k, l} S_{i j f}^{l} I_{i j f}^{l} F_{f}^{\mathrm{c}} \end{aligned}$
$\begin{aligned} \min C= & \sum_{i \in N} \sum_{j \in N}\left(x_{i j}^{\mathrm{r}} p_{1}^{\mathrm{r}}+x_{i j}^{\mathrm{r}} L_{i j}^{\mathrm{r}} p_{2}^{\mathrm{r}}+x_{i j}^{\mathrm{t}} L_{i j}^{\mathrm{t}} p^{\mathrm{t}}\right)+ \\ & \sum_{i \in N} \sum_{j \in N} y_{i}^{k, \mathrm{l}} p^{\mathrm{l}} \end{aligned}$
$\min T=\sum_{i \in N} \sum_{j \in N}\left(x_{i j}^{\mathrm{r}} L_{i j}^{\mathrm{r}} / V^{\mathrm{r}}+x_{i j}^{\mathrm{t}} L_{i j}^{\mathrm{t}} / V^{\mathrm{t}}+y_{i}^{k, \mathrm{l}} t_{i}\right)$
minR= i N y i k , lri
s.t. k { r , t }( x i j k- x i j k)= 1 , j 0 , j - 1 , j
h N x h i k+ j N x l i j≥2 y i k , l
k { r , t } x i j k≤1
x i j k { 0,1 } , y i k , l { 0,1 }
式(12)~式(15)为目标函数,式(12)表示求解最低碳排放,由运输总量、运输距离、运输结构、设备能耗强度、能源排放系数决定,式(13)表示最低运输成本,由各种运输方式的运输费用和转运费用构成,式(14)表示最短运输时间由铁路运输时间、公路运输时间和转运时间的总和构成,式(15)表示最低中转延误风险,由对各转运节点的风险评价值构成;约束(16)保证了节点货流量输入输出的平衡;约束(17)保证了节点运输方式的转换信息和节点前后的运输方式选择一致;约束(18)保证两个节点之间仅能选择一种运输方式;约束(19)定义决策变量为0-1变量。
假设齐齐哈尔一个物流企业有一批货运量为12 TEU的煤炭公铁联运业务,同时结合统计资料、公开文献、新闻报道及测算,得到的公铁联运运输网络由14个节点组成,20 ft敞顶箱集装箱总重35 t,货物装载量32.27 t [20],从节点1运往节点14,其中涉及的节点6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13可以同时作为铁路运输和公路运输的输入与输出节点(即提供1或2种运输模式),具体公铁联运网络图如图2所示。其中中转延误风险评价指标、各运输方式的运价及运速、各运输方式及转运方式的能耗指标、节点距离等均为已知参数,如表3~表6所示。
经过实地调研结合统计资料和测算结果,煤炭公铁联运节点中转延误风险评价的人员风险、设施设备、货物自身风险、转运管理风险、所处环境风险等5个一级指标对应的17个二级指标采用百分比的形式进行计量,如表7所示。
表8所示,通过对原始数据进行处理得到对比强度和冲突性的乘积即为信息量,最后按照各指标信息量占总信息量的比例进行客观赋权。对评价指标加权求和进而可以得到各节点的中转延误风险评分为
R=[64.808, 65.992, 57.153 6, 57.214 2,57.142 6, 56.810 7, 53.222 3, 49.005 8]。
以最低碳排放、最小运输成本、最短运输时间、最低中转延误风险作为综合最优化的决策目标,对算例进行了求解,结果如表9所示。随着决策目标的变化,最优路径及运输方式亦随之变化。鉴于铁路运输在运输速度和能耗上均低于其他运输方式,因此,在将运输成本最小化和综合能耗最小化分别作为决策目标时,所得方案与多目标决策优化的结果保持一致,多目标优化使用非支配排序遗传算法Ⅱ(non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ,NSGA-Ⅱ)基于MATLAB平台实现,设置种群规模为 100,最大进化代数为500,最优前端个体系数为 0.1,适应度函数偏差为1.0×10-100
通过对比分析可知,公路运输在短距离货物运输上具有一定优势,虽然大比例的公路运输能在一定程度上降低中转延误风险和运输费用,但在长距离运输环境下,会导致运输时间过长,在算例中多目标决策的运输耗时约比延误风险最小决策的全公路运输少花费5.9%的时间,随着长距离运输占比的增加,铁路运输的时间优势愈发明显。多目标优化结果①在碳排放和运输时间降到最低的同时,也在一定程度上平衡了运输费用和中转延误风险,从而实现综合效益的最优。
多目标规划考虑多个目标,这就导致不同决策者在考虑实际问题时,会根据自身的偏好选择不同的目标函数组合,从而得到不同的最优解。对于公铁联运路径选择问题,主要的决策者包括政府部门、铁路部门、物流运输企业以及货主等。政府部门更加关注公共资源配置和社会效益的最大化,可能会选择以碳排放最小或中转延误风险最小为目标;铁路部门考虑自身效益,会选择运输成本和运输时间较优的方案;公路运输企业追求利润最大化,倾向于运输成本最小;而货主关注运输质量,会选择运输时间最短、中转延误风险最小的路径。
具体来说,若决策者是政府部门,主要关注碳排放和中转延误风险对环境和社会的影响。此时目标函数可能选择最小化碳排放量,或最小化中转延误风险。对应的最优路径会选择更多采用铁路运输的方案,因为铁路运输相对更加环保,中转延误风险也较低。若决策者是铁路部门,考虑自身效益最大化,会选择运输成本和运输时间相对最优的方案。目标函数可以组合最小化运输成本和时间。此时最优路径会包含更多铁路运输线路。若决策者是物流运输企业,主要关注运输利润。目标函数会设置为最小化运输成本。对应的最优路径会选择更多公路运输线路,以减少运输成本。若决策者是货主,重点考虑运输质量,目标函数会设置为最小化运输时间和风险。最优路径会选择公路运输占比更大,以缩短运输时间。
多目标优化结果①的路径选择及优化方案,与现行的煤炭运输选择相似,通过适当增加铁路运输在公铁联运中的占比,实现降低能耗和时间,控制风险和成本的目的。综合来看,通过公铁联运运输煤炭,具有成本低、时间短、风险弱、能耗少等优点,相比于其他运输路径和运输方式具有较大竞争优势。
基于煤炭公铁联运运作模式,建立了煤炭公铁联运节点中转延误风险的评价体系,并且改进了ASIF模型使其能适应多种运输方式的碳排放计算,进而构建了考虑中转延误风险与碳排放的公铁联运路径优化模型。
(1)所构建的煤炭公铁联运节点中转延误风险的评价体系,在考虑煤炭公铁联运运作模式的基础上,基于质量管理中的“人、机、料、法、环”5个因素对过去验证中转延误风险的评价指标进行划分,充分考虑中转过程中的人员、设备、材料、方法、环境等各种因素,使得评价结果更加接近于转运过程的实际情况,更有效地将风险转换为了量化指标。
(2)模型中的碳排放度量对ASIF模型进行了适应性的改进,能够度量煤炭公铁联运过程中公路运输、铁路运输、转运操作等不同作业方式的碳排放,克服了单一碳排放因子计算导致的结果误差过大等问题。
(3)算例结果表明,所提出的考虑中转延误风险与碳排放的公铁联运路径优化模型,综合考虑费用、时间、能耗和风险,对运输计划进行优化,相较于单目标优化,在算例中多目标决策的运输耗时约比延误风险最小决策的全公路运输少花费5.9%的时间且费用降低33.01%,给出了较为合理的优化结果。
由于研究聚焦于探究常态化下的公铁集装箱多式联运情境,因此,在所构建的模型中未纳入铁路列车的等待限制。具体而言,该模型未考虑由于排班间隔导致的节点上等待时间以及因此产生的临时堆存费用;此外由于公铁联运整体运输过程可能存在的造成延误的风险因素较多,仅仅考虑了在转运过程中的延误风险。若后续随着研究的深入能够获得更多更稳定的相关数据,则可以考虑将上述两种因素加入模型中开展进一步研究。
  • 国家自然科学基金(51638004)
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2025年第25卷第13期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2407064
  • 接收时间:2024-09-21
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-05-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-21
  • 修回日期:2025-02-11
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国家自然科学基金(51638004)
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    东北林业大学土木与交通学院, 哈尔滨 150040
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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