Article(id=1149769465866400156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404917, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1719763200000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-01, revisedDate=1740499200000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752056002345, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1747497600000, pubDateStr=2025-05-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752056002345, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752056002345, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752056002345, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149769458706723113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='14', pageStart='5705', pageEnd='6154', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752056000638, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456798957, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559392753041779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559392753041780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=6146, endPage=6154, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149769466231304609, articleId=1149769465866400156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Comprehensive Safety Evaluation of Fire Steel Cylinders Based on MPGA-BP Neural Network, columnId=1156262729993277777, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Environmental and Safe Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As an important firefighting equipment, fire cylinders need to undergo regular safety evaluations during their service period. In order to efficiently and accurately evaluate the safety status of fire steel cylinders, a safety evaluation model suitable for fire steel cylinders was established based on the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The feasibility of the model was verified through case evaluation. Secondly, the BP neural network based on MPGA (multi population genetic algorithm) is used to optimize the safety evaluation model of fire steel cylinders. This method improves the process of updating weights and thresholds of the BP neural network through multi population genetic algorithm, improving the accuracy of BP neural network prediction results and the efficiency of fire steel cylinder safety evaluation. Finally, the construction of safety evaluation models for fire steel cylinders based on BP, GA-BP, and MPGA-BP was completed using Python. By comparing and analyzing the prediction results of three models, it was found that the MPGA-BP neural network has the smallest prediction error, proving that the proposed MPGA-BP safety evaluation model has high accuracy and can more efficiently and accurately evaluate the safety of fire steel cylinders.

, correspAuthors=Hao ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ying ZHANG, Hao ZHANG, An-lin HU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149769506286908038, articleId=1149769465866400156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于MPGA-BP神经网络的消防钢瓶综合安全评价, columnId=1156262730140078420, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·环境科学、安全科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

消防钢瓶作为重要的灭火设备,在服役期间需要接受定期安全评价。为了对消防钢瓶安全状态进行高效且准确地评价,首先,基于层次分析法和模糊综合评价法,建立了一套适用于消防钢瓶的安全评价模型,并通过实例评价验证了该模型的可行性。其次,基于多种群遗传算法(multi-population genetic algorithm,MPGA)的BP神经网络优化消防钢瓶安全评价模型,该方法通过多种群遗传算法改进BP神经网络更新权重和阈值的过程,提高BP神经网络预测结果的准确度及消防钢瓶安全评价的效率。最后,通过python完成基于BP、GA-BP和MPGA-BP三种消防钢瓶安全评价模型的构建。通过对比分析三种模型的预测结果,发现MPGA-BP神经网络的预测误差最小,证明了所提出的MPGA-BP安全评价模型具有较高的准确度,能更加高效准确地进行消防钢瓶的安全评价。

, correspAuthors=张浩, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*张浩(1999—),男,汉族,四川成都人,硕士研究生。研究方向:工业互联网+安全生产。E-mail:
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张颖(1988—),男,汉族,四川自贡人,博士,副教授。研究方向:应急安全、安全生产。E-mail:

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张颖(1988—),男,汉族,四川自贡人,博士,副教授。研究方向:应急安全、安全生产。E-mail:

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Comment Table

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得分区间 0~2 2~4 4~5
安全等级 不合格 一般 安全
), ArticleFig(id=1172984485063835665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465866400156, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

评语表

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得分区间 0~2 2~4 4~5
安全等级 不合格 一般 安全
), ArticleFig(id=1172984485168693267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465866400156, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Rating scale table

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Aij赋值 含义
aij=1 元素i与元素j对上一层次因素的重要性相同
aij=3 元素i比元素j略重要
aij=5 元素i比元素j明显重要
aij=7 元素i比元素j重要得多
aij=9 元素i比元素j极其重要
aij=2,4,6,8 上述相邻判断的中间值
倒数 重要性互为相反
), ArticleFig(id=1172984485235802136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465866400156, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

评分刻度表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Aij赋值 含义
aij=1 元素i与元素j对上一层次因素的重要性相同
aij=3 元素i比元素j略重要
aij=5 元素i比元素j明显重要
aij=7 元素i比元素j重要得多
aij=9 元素i比元素j极其重要
aij=2,4,6,8 上述相邻判断的中间值
倒数 重要性互为相反
), ArticleFig(id=1172984485353242650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465866400156, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Consistency index RI values

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阶数 1 2 3 4 5 6
RI 0 0 0.52 0.89 1.12 1.26
阶数 7 8 9 10 11 12
RI 1.36 1.41 1.46 1.49 1.52 1.54
), ArticleFig(id=1172984485424545821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465866400156, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

一致性指标RI值

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阶数 1 2 3 4 5 6
RI 0 0 0.52 0.89 1.12 1.26
阶数 7 8 9 10 11 12
RI 1.36 1.41 1.46 1.49 1.52 1.54
), ArticleFig(id=1172984485491654686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465866400156, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Indicator weights

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目标 一级指标 权重 二级指标 权重
消防钢瓶综合
安全评价U
U1 0.302 4 U11 0.151 0
U12 0.424 5
U13 0.424 5
U2 0.113 7 U21 0.260 9
U22 0.306 5
U23 0.432 6
U3 0.272 8 U31 0.248 8
U32 0.056 2
U33 0.052 8
U34 0.268 8
U35 0.373 3
U4 0.311 2 U41 0.375 0
U42 0.190 5
U43 0.104 3
U44 0.206 1
U45 0.124 2
), ArticleFig(id=1172984485571346465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465866400156, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

指标权重

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标 一级指标 权重 二级指标 权重
消防钢瓶综合
安全评价U
U1 0.302 4 U11 0.151 0
U12 0.424 5
U13 0.424 5
U2 0.113 7 U21 0.260 9
U22 0.306 5
U23 0.432 6
U3 0.272 8 U31 0.248 8
U32 0.056 2
U33 0.052 8
U34 0.268 8
U35 0.373 3
U4 0.311 2 U41 0.375 0
U42 0.190 5
U43 0.104 3
U44 0.206 1
U45 0.124 2
), ArticleFig(id=1172984485638455332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465866400156, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Indicator scores

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序号 指标 分值
1 标示标识 3
2 消防钢瓶瓶体 4
3 附件 5
4 人员安全管理机构情况 5
5 从业人员培训情况 5
6 从业人员相关资格证书情况 5
7 专用储瓶间情况 5
8 环境温度情况 5
9 环境潮湿度及腐蚀度情况 3
10 储存间应急条件情况 4
11 防护区及设备情况 5
12 安全管理制度情况 5
13 作业人员培训制度情况 3
14 气瓶安全技术档案保管制度情况 5
15 气瓶隐患排查治理及报废气瓶处理制度情况 3
16 应急救援及演练制度情况 4
), ArticleFig(id=1172984485709758503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465866400156, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

指标得分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 指标 分值
1 标示标识 3
2 消防钢瓶瓶体 4
3 附件 5
4 人员安全管理机构情况 5
5 从业人员培训情况 5
6 从业人员相关资格证书情况 5
7 专用储瓶间情况 5
8 环境温度情况 5
9 环境潮湿度及腐蚀度情况 3
10 储存间应急条件情况 4
11 防护区及设备情况 5
12 安全管理制度情况 5
13 作业人员培训制度情况 3
14 气瓶安全技术档案保管制度情况 5
15 气瓶隐患排查治理及报废气瓶处理制度情况 3
16 应急救援及演练制度情况 4
), ArticleFig(id=1172984485839781930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465866400156, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Comparison of results

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序号 安全评价模
型计算结果
安全评价模型
计算安全等级
原安全
等级
1 4.393 194 3 3
2 2.772 549 2 2
3 3.923 265 2 3
4 3.429 848 2 2
5 2.989 552 2 2
6 3.639 842 2 2
7 3.332 112 2 2
8 3.486 143 2 2
9 2.837 420 2 2
10 3.678 021 2 2
), ArticleFig(id=1172984485911085101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465866400156, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

结果对比表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 安全评价模
型计算结果
安全评价模型
计算安全等级
原安全
等级
1 4.393 194 3 3
2 2.772 549 2 2
3 3.923 265 2 3
4 3.429 848 2 2
5 2.989 552 2 2
6 3.639 842 2 2
7 3.332 112 2 2
8 3.486 143 2 2
9 2.837 420 2 2
10 3.678 021 2 2
), ArticleFig(id=1172984485978193968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465866400156, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Error table

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误差指标 MPGA-BP GA-BP BP
均方误差MSE 0.081 02 0.128 6 0.265 62
均方根误差RMSE 0.284 6 0.358 6 0.515 4
平均绝对误差MAE 0.212 3 0.274 2 0.456 6
平均绝对百分比误差/% 6.47 8.37 13.93
预测准确率/% 95 89 76
), ArticleFig(id=1172984486045302834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465866400156, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

误差表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
误差指标 MPGA-BP GA-BP BP
均方误差MSE 0.081 02 0.128 6 0.265 62
均方根误差RMSE 0.284 6 0.358 6 0.515 4
平均绝对误差MAE 0.212 3 0.274 2 0.456 6
平均绝对百分比误差/% 6.47 8.37 13.93
预测准确率/% 95 89 76
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基于MPGA-BP神经网络的消防钢瓶综合安全评价
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张颖 1 , 张浩 1, * , 胡安林 2
科学技术与工程 | 论文·环境科学、安全科学 2025,25(14): 6146-6154
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·环境科学、安全科学 2025, 25(14): 6146-6154
基于MPGA-BP神经网络的消防钢瓶综合安全评价
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张颖1 , 张浩1, * , 胡安林2
作者信息
  • 1. 四川轻化工大学机械工程学院, 自贡 643000
  • 2. 中安工业互联网(成都)有限公司, 成都 610000
  • 张颖(1988—),男,汉族,四川自贡人,博士,副教授。研究方向:应急安全、安全生产。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*张浩(1999—),男,汉族,四川成都人,硕士研究生。研究方向:工业互联网+安全生产。E-mail:
Comprehensive Safety Evaluation of Fire Steel Cylinders Based on MPGA-BP Neural Network
Ying ZHANG1 , Hao ZHANG1, * , An-lin HU2
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Mechanical Engineering,Sichuan University of Science & Engineering,Zigong 643000, China
  • 2. Zhongan Industrial Internet (Chengdu) Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China
出版时间: 2025-05-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404917
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消防钢瓶作为重要的灭火设备,在服役期间需要接受定期安全评价。为了对消防钢瓶安全状态进行高效且准确地评价,首先,基于层次分析法和模糊综合评价法,建立了一套适用于消防钢瓶的安全评价模型,并通过实例评价验证了该模型的可行性。其次,基于多种群遗传算法(multi-population genetic algorithm,MPGA)的BP神经网络优化消防钢瓶安全评价模型,该方法通过多种群遗传算法改进BP神经网络更新权重和阈值的过程,提高BP神经网络预测结果的准确度及消防钢瓶安全评价的效率。最后,通过python完成基于BP、GA-BP和MPGA-BP三种消防钢瓶安全评价模型的构建。通过对比分析三种模型的预测结果,发现MPGA-BP神经网络的预测误差最小,证明了所提出的MPGA-BP安全评价模型具有较高的准确度,能更加高效准确地进行消防钢瓶的安全评价。

层次分析法  /  模糊综合评价  /  MPGA-BP神经网络  /  消防钢瓶  /  安全评价

As an important firefighting equipment, fire cylinders need to undergo regular safety evaluations during their service period. In order to efficiently and accurately evaluate the safety status of fire steel cylinders, a safety evaluation model suitable for fire steel cylinders was established based on the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The feasibility of the model was verified through case evaluation. Secondly, the BP neural network based on MPGA (multi population genetic algorithm) is used to optimize the safety evaluation model of fire steel cylinders. This method improves the process of updating weights and thresholds of the BP neural network through multi population genetic algorithm, improving the accuracy of BP neural network prediction results and the efficiency of fire steel cylinder safety evaluation. Finally, the construction of safety evaluation models for fire steel cylinders based on BP, GA-BP, and MPGA-BP was completed using Python. By comparing and analyzing the prediction results of three models, it was found that the MPGA-BP neural network has the smallest prediction error, proving that the proposed MPGA-BP safety evaluation model has high accuracy and can more efficiently and accurately evaluate the safety of fire steel cylinders.

analytic hierarchy process  /  fuzzy comprehensive evaluation  /  MPGA-BP neural network  /  fire steel cylinders  /  safety evaluation
张颖, 张浩, 胡安林. 基于MPGA-BP神经网络的消防钢瓶综合安全评价. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (14) : 6146 -6154 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404917
Ying ZHANG, Hao ZHANG, An-lin HU. Comprehensive Safety Evaluation of Fire Steel Cylinders Based on MPGA-BP Neural Network[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (14) : 6146 -6154 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404917
消防钢瓶作为重要的灭火特种设备,主要应用于数据机房、档案馆、图书馆等重要高价值场所。在日常生活和工作环境中,投入使用的消防钢瓶主要分为两种结构形式。一种是柜式单气瓶结构,该结构的消防钢瓶在楼道等场所较为常见,通常以单个气瓶的形式安置在特定的位置,以便在火灾发生的初期阶段能够为附近区域提供一定的灭火能力。另一种是集中式多瓶组气瓶结构, 该结构的特点是多个气瓶集中组合在一起,通常会设有专门的储瓶间。在发生火灾事故时,其优势在于能够通过操作室及时做出反应,凭借集中式的布局和管理,能快速地进行灭火操作,从而更有效地应对较大规模的火灾情况。集中式消防钢瓶灭火系统主要由瓶组、瓶头阀、压力表、启动装置、集流管、安全膜片及电磁铁等重要附件组成,瓶体、附件状态及环境等因素都对消防钢瓶系统能否安全使用有重要影响。然而集中式的管理模式,一旦出现事故,所造成的危害往往也会更大。因此,为确保集中式消防钢瓶的使用安全,根据《中华人民共和国特种设备安全法》《安全目视化管理规定》和TSG21—2016《固定式压力容器安全技术监察规程》等的规定,除了应定期进行检验外[1],还需定期进行安全评价。
近年来,中外学者针对各类压力容器的安全评价进行了广泛研究。马兰等[2]采用层次分析法对影响快开门式压力容器安全的因素进行了分析;雷艳[3]对压力容器检验中的可靠性进行了论述,并对其进行了安全性评估;马波[4]采用层次分析法分析了氢气压力容器的安全风险;赵明越[5]采用K临近、决策树及梯度提升度算法对小微企业压力容器进行了安全状况等级预测,并开发了小微企业压力容器数据平台;Zhang等[6]提出了基于机器学习的压力容器安全评估方法来预测压力容器表面裂纹的弹塑性三维J积分;李杜伟等[7]基于模糊层次分析法构建了超期服役压力容器的模糊评价模型,提出了一种科学的安全评估方法;张瑄琪[8]基于数据挖掘理论,构建了GA-BP神经网络压力容器事故原因分析模型,实现了对现有压力容器在当前状态下可能发生事故的原因的预测;伊程毅等[9]结合气体灭火系统的特点,基于层次分析法改进现有安全检查表法,提出气体灭火系统的安全评价量化标准,并应用该方法对某工程实例进行安全性评估;俞树荣等[10]建立一套适用于海洋工程压力容器的安全评价指标体系及其GA-BP神经网络安全评价模型;姜峰等[11]基于多层次模糊综合评价法构建了海洋平台压力容器的综合评价模型;尤毅聪[12]基于人工神经网络,设计了一个长周期储存式压力容器安全分析评价系统。
可见,目前对于消防钢瓶的安全评价研究相对较少。为了加强消防钢瓶的安全使用,亟须构建一套适用于消防钢瓶的安全评价模型。现通过该评价模型实现对在役消防钢瓶的安全状态进行评估,帮助管理者快速准确地获取消防钢瓶的安全评价结果。
AHP-模糊综合评价法,将层次分析法、模糊综合评价法结合, 层次分析法能够帮助我们清晰地构建出一个层次分明的评价体系结构,使得复杂的评价对象被分解为多个相互关联的层次和因素,让我们能对各个因素进行分析和比较,确定两两之间的相对重要性[13]。而模糊综合评价法则擅长处理评价过程中那些模糊性和不确定性的问题。它通过模糊数学的原理,将一些难以精确量化的评价因素进行合理的模糊化处理,使得评价结果更加符合实际情况[14]。其评价流程如图1所示。
消防钢瓶AHP-模糊综合评价模型的建立步骤如下。
为得到合理的安全评价体系,经资料查找、文献阅读、相关规范标准的学习以及综合实地调研后,建立了消防钢瓶安全评价体系,如图2所示。
评语集是针对每个评价指标进行评价的集合,包括了评价目标所有可能的结果,评价指标需要设立不同评语等级,并且必须规定评定结果的选择范围[15]。本文研究将消防钢瓶安全评价指标划分为了3个等级对其安全性进行评价。V={V1,V2,V3}={危险,一般,安全}={2,4,5},为了方便进行量化,为各个级别分别赋值,评语表如表1所示。
(1)确定专家权重。为确保指标权重的准确性和科学性,邀请4位在消防钢瓶安全管理领域具有丰富工作经验的专家对指标进行评分。评分过程中,考虑了每位专家的学历水平、职称资格、工作年限以及对指标的熟悉程度,其中打分标准为1、3、5分。最后对每位专家的得分进行了归一化处理,以确定各专家在权重分配中的比重大小。
(2)建立判断矩阵。邀请4位专家根据评分刻度表,如表2所示,对安全评价指标体系进行重要程度评分,构建判断矩阵。
(3)计算判断矩阵相对权重。采取几何平均法计算权重[16],公式为
W i = ( j = 1 n a i j )   1 n i = 1 n ( j = 1 n a i j ) 1 n ,   i = 1,2 , , n
(4)判断矩阵的一致性。一致性检验合格的依据为随机一致性比例[17],CR<0.1。CR的计算公式为
CR = CI RI = λ max n n 1 RI < 0.1
CI计算公式为
CI = λ max n n 1
式(3)中:λmax为判断矩阵的最大特征值。
RI具体数值如表3所示。
(5)权重集成。通过上述第(2)~第(4)步骤得到的权重组合构建成权重矩阵(i为第i个专家,j为第j个指标)。
W * = w 11 w 12 w 1 j w 21 w 22 w 2 j   w n 1 w n 2 w n j
根据1.1.1节得到专家权重向量Wz
W z = ( w z 1   w z 2     w z n )
将权重矩阵W*与专家权重Wz进行乘法运算,得到集成权重向量W,即
W = W z W * = ( w 1   w 2     w j )
通过以上步骤求得各指标的权重如表4所示。
确定Ui对评语集Vj的隶属值,建立评价向量 A i j = A i j k x, A i j k ( x )的取值范围为(0,1)。隶属度采用梯形隶属度函数结合直觉法确定,公式为
A i j 1 = 1 , x x 1 x 2 x x 2 x 1 , x 1 < x < x 2 0 , x x 2
A i j 2 = 0 , x x 1 x x 1 x 2 x 1 , x 1 < x x 2 x 3 x x 3 x 2 , x 2 < x < x 3 0 , x x 3
A i j 3 = 0 , x x 2 x x 2 x 3 x 2 , x 2 < x < x 3 1 , x x 3
式中:Aij1Aij2Aij3分别为隶属于1级到3级评语的隶属度。
将各指标的评价值代入隶属度函数,建立各一级指标Ui的综合模糊评价矩阵Ri,其中i=1,2,3,4,即
R i = A i 11 x A i 12 x A i 13 x A i 21 x A i 22 x A i 23 x A i j 1 x A i j 2 x A i j 3 x
将各一级指标的单因素集合Ui的权重向量Wi={ Wi1,Wi1,…,Wij}和其对应的综合模糊评价矩阵 R i进行模糊合成,得到Ui的综合评价向量 B i,即
B i = W i R i = b i 1 b i 2 b i 3
将各Ui的综合评价向量合成为因素集U的模糊评价矩阵R,即
R = B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 = b 11 b 12 b 13 b 21 b 22 b 23 b 31 b 32 b 33 b 41 b 42 b 43
将一级指标因素集合U的权重向量 W = { w 1 , w 2 , w 3 , w 4 }与模糊评价矩阵R进行模糊合成,得到最终评价向量B,即
B = W R = b 1 b 2 b 3
采用量化方法对综合评价结果进行处理,将模糊综合评价向量B于评价集的分值向量V*进行加权平均得到量化值S,即
S = B V * = ( b 1   b 2   b 3 ) 2 4 5
以成都市A公司管理下的消防钢瓶为评价对象,专家组通过上述评价流程对之前通过直觉法进行定性安全评价的10组消防钢瓶进行安全评价,展示了基于AHP-Fuzzy的消防钢瓶安全评价模型的评价流程,验证了该模型的可行性。打分表及该10组其中某一个的消防钢瓶各项指标得分如表5所示。
最终通过上述安全评价流程得到该消防钢瓶的安全得分为4.393 194,安全等级三级,在规定操作能正常使用。将10组通过安全评价模型计算得到的结果和原来的安全评估结果进行比较,结果如表6所示。
通过表6可得,该消防钢瓶安全评价模型计算所得钢瓶安全等级和专家进行的定性评估结果基本一致,验证了该消防钢瓶安全评价指标体系设计的合理性及该安全评价模型的可行性。
运用上述评价方法对消防钢瓶进行安全评价,需花费大量的时间和精力。针对该问题,引入BP神经网络提高消防钢瓶的安全评价效率。神经网络通过反向传播不断调整权重和偏置以减小误差,从而获取更准确的预测结果[18],在处理非线性问题和不确定性问题时具有良好的泛化能力。其拓扑结构如图3所示。
在BP神经网络模型中,初始参数对模型性能有重大影响,这可能导致预测结果偏离全局最优解。为解决该问题,常采用遗传算法来模拟生物进化过程,以获取问题的最优解。遗传算法通过选择操作来挑选优秀个体,选中个体的概率与其适应度有关,适应度较高的个体更有可能被选中;通过交叉操作来产生新的个体;通过变异操作来扩大样本空间,增加模型的随机性[19]。遗传算法的应用有助于提高模型的性能表现,并使预测结果更接近全局最优解。
遗传算法能在一定程度上提升神经网络算法的全局搜索能力和收敛速度。然而,遗传算法在初始种群的生成和遗传操作的执行过程中都存在一定的随机性[20]。虽然这种随机性有助于避免陷入局部最优解,但有时也会导致预测值与真实值之间存在较大偏差。传统遗传算法优化BP神经网络的具体流程如图4所示。
针对该问题,构建了多种群遗传算法(multi-population genetic algorithm,MPGA)对BP神经网络进行优化。其核心思想是通过初始化多个种群,进行并行的遗传操作。由于各种群之间相互独立,经过多代遗传操作后,找出各种群中的最佳个体,将它们重新组合成最佳种群,并进行最佳基因之间的信息交换,既增加了基因模式的多样性,也保持了最佳个体进化的稳定性,还能通过最佳种群进化出更优的个体。同时,采用最佳种群的遗传操作来替代BP神经网络中的反向传播过程来调整权重和阈值。经过多代繁衍后,从种群中挑选适应度最高的个体,该个体的权重和偏置值即代表了模型的最优解。改进MPGA-BP神经网络模型如图5所示。
MPGA-BP模型建立步骤如下。
(1)确定网络结构及参数。输入层为16个神经元;隐藏层为14个神经元;输出层为1个神经元。通过前期试验,采用试凑法获得神经网络参数如下:学习率为0.003;最小误差为0.01;迭代次数为5 000;子种群大小为100;变异率为0.01。
(2)数据预处理。使用最小-最大归一化方法取消数据间的数量级差异。
(3)初始化权值和阈值。初始化BP网络中的权值和阈值为区间为(-1,1)的随机数,将权值和阈值组合为种群中的一个个体,并生成100个子种群,每个总群包含100个个体。
(4)获取最佳种群。对100个种群分别进行遗传操作,选择各个总群最佳个体形成的最佳种群。
(5)前向传播。使用Sigmoid函数作为神经网络的激活函数,并将均方误差转化为适合度。
(6)通过遗传操作替换反向传播过程更新权重和阈值。
(7)判断误差及迭代条件。若满足要求,则结束遗传操作。否则,回到步骤(5)。
(8)进行预测。
通过AHP-Fuzzy消防钢瓶的安全评价模型,对在役消防钢瓶进行定期安全评价,搜集300组有效数据,其中70%数据作为训练集,15%作为验证集,15%作为测试集,进行神经网络训练工作。采用python完成BP、GA-BP及MPGA-BP神经网络模型的搭建,分别对210个训练样本和45个验证集样本进行5 000次迭代训练,当训练误差满足最小误差设置时,完成训练。采用训练好的权重和阈值分别对45个测试集样本进行预测。
BP神经网络真实值和预测值的误差波动较大,将得分映射到相应的安全等级上,其预测准确率低于80%,预测效果较差。结果如图6图7所示。
经过遗传算法进行优化后, GA-BP神经网络模型的预测误差明显降低,预测的准确率也得到一定的提升,但仍未达到预期目标。如图8图9所示。
引入多种群遗传算法优化BP神经网络模型后,其预测结果如图10图11所示。
MPGA-BP预测模型的预测值和真实值基本吻合,拟合效果良好,预测误差进一步减小,预测准确率明显提高。
对比MPGA-BP、GA-BP及BP神经网络模型的预测曲线和预测误差曲线可得MPGA-BP神经网络具有良好的适应性和预测精度,且真实值和预测值的曲线拟合程度最好,预测误差最小。如图12图13所示。
表7所示,在不同误差指标下,MPGA-BP神经网络预测误差值均为最小,由于MPGA-BP神经网络模型在多个种群中进行优中选优的操作,淘汰了劣质个体,将各个种群的最优个体组合为一个新的最优种群,通过该种群进行模型的训练,相当于在GA-BP神经网络的基础上进行了更深层次的迭代,不仅提高了训练的速度,也使得预测结果的误差不断减小。可见MPGA-BP神经网络模型进行消防钢瓶的安全评价预测具有更高的准确性,表明通过多种群遗传算法优化BP神经网络具有可行性,能帮助管理者更加高效准确地预测消防钢瓶安全评价结果。
(1)基于层次分析法(AHP)和模糊综合评价法,建立了一套适用于消防钢瓶安全评价的模型,实现了对服役期间消防钢瓶安全状态的合理评估。
(2)基于多种群遗传算法对传统的BP神经网络进行改进,并对比分析了BP、GA-BP及MPGA-BP三种神经网络模型对消防钢瓶安全评价方面的表现。结果表明,MPGA-BP神经网络模型能够更加精准地实现消防钢瓶的安全评价,说明了该模型的有效性。通过该模型能够更快速、准确地评估消防钢瓶的安全状态,既能提高管理者对消防钢瓶安全管理的效率,又能保障消防钢瓶的服役期间的安全性,大大降低安全事故发生的概率。
然而,消防钢瓶的评价指标体系是依据各标准、规范要求,专家经验,相关企业经验和以往事故分析等信息得出的,存在考虑不周全,漏项的可能,在后续应用过程中应该根据需要进行不断改进和调整。
  • 国家自然科学基金(51974271)
  • 四川省重点研发项目(2020YFSY0038)
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2025年第25卷第14期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404917
  • 接收时间:2024-07-01
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-05-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-01
  • 修回日期:2025-02-26
基金
国家自然科学基金(51974271)
四川省重点研发项目(2020YFSY0038)
作者信息
    1. 四川轻化工大学机械工程学院, 自贡 643000
    2. 中安工业互联网(成都)有限公司, 成都 610000

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*张浩(1999—),男,汉族,四川成都人,硕士研究生。研究方向:工业互联网+安全生产。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
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Number of
genus
种数
Number of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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