Article(id=1149769465178534285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2408051, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730131200000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-29, revisedDate=1739289600000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752056002182, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1747497600000, pubDateStr=2025-05-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752056002182, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752056002182, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752056002182, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149769458706723113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='14', pageStart='5705', pageEnd='6154', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752056000638, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456798957, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559392753041779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559392753041780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=5780, endPage=5787, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149769465363083668, articleId=1149769465178534285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Processing of Borehole-Surface TFEM Differential Data and Its Application in Reservoir Detection in the Tahe Oilfield, columnId=1156262729351549255, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Astronomy and Geosciences, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Tahe Oilfield was one of the important oilfields in western China. The monitoring and development of remaining oil reserves were paid significant attention to and were regarded as one of the current challenges in oil and gas exploration and development. Well-to-surface time-frequency electromagnetic detection technology, due to its sensitivity to oil-gas-water interfaces, was increasingly applied in oilfield development. However, as time-frequency electromagnetic detection technology was introduced relatively late in oil and gas detection, the related detection mechanisms and high-resolution signal extraction and interpretation were still under research. Through the analysis of well-to-surface time-frequency electromagnetic exploration principles, a technical sequence for differential apparent resistivity, differential phase processing, and imaging analysis of well-to-surface time-frequency electromagnetic data was established, starting from the definition of regional apparent resistivity. The differential processing results of time-frequency electromagnetic data collected from the actual production well TX1 in Tahe Oilfield demonstrated that the high-density sampling provided by multi-pole transmission and multi-frequency reception of well-to-surface time-frequency electromagnetic detection technology offered high-resolution reservoir detection datasets. The new differential data processing technology could greatly enhance the effective identification capability of deep oil-gas-water interfaces. The successful trial of this method provided a promising technical means for oil-gas-water detection in oilfield development. Additionally, through comparative analysis with seismic exploration results, it was found that well-to-surface electromagnetic exploration had unique advantages in identifying complex underground structures and could provide complementary information to seismic exploration.

, correspAuthors=Xu-ben WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Pan-pan CAI, Wei YANG, Qing-kun LI, Zhong-qian LI, Wen-long GAO, Shuang WANG, Xu-ben WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149769503099236778, articleId=1149769465178534285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=井-地时频电磁差分数据处理在塔河油田储层检测中的应用, columnId=1156262730077163858, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·天文学、地球科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

塔河油田是中国西部重要的油田之一,其剩余油的监测与开发备受关注,也是目前油气勘探与开发的难点之一。井-地时频电磁探测技术因其对油气水界面的敏感性,在油气田开发中的应用逐渐增多,但是,由于时频电磁检测技术引入油气检测较晚,相关检测机理和高分辨信号提取与解释尚处于研究阶段。通过井-地时频电磁勘探原理分析,从时频电磁全区视电阻率的定义入手,实现了井-地时频电磁的差分视电阻率、差分相位的处理和成像。由塔河油田TX1实际生产井激发、地面采集的时频电磁数据的差分处理结果表明,井-地时频电磁多极发射、多频接收的高密度采样提供了储层检测高分辨数据集,采用差分数据处理新技术,可以有效提升对深部油气水的识别能力。该方法的成功试验为油田开发提供一种有潜力的油气水检测技术手段。同时,通过与地震勘探结果对比分析,发现井-地电磁勘探在识别复杂地下结构方面也具有独特优势,能够提供与地震勘探互补的信息。

, correspAuthors=王绪本, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*王绪本(1956—),男,汉族,四川成都人,博士,教授。研究方向:地球物理电磁法理论及应用。E-mail:
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蔡盼盼(1992—),女,汉族,新疆乌鲁木齐人,硕士,助理研究员。研究方向:物探技术方法。E-mail:

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蔡盼盼(1992—),女,汉族,新疆乌鲁木齐人,硕士,助理研究员。研究方向:物探技术方法。E-mail:

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蔡盼盼(1992—),女,汉族,新疆乌鲁木齐人,硕士,助理研究员。研究方向:物探技术方法。E-mail:

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Sinopec Northwest China Petroleum Bureau, Urumqi 830011, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172984356449697851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465178534285, companyId=1172984356411949113, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 中国石油化工股份有限公司西北油田分公司, 乌鲁木齐 830011)]), AuthorCompany(id=1172984356516806716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465178534285, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172984356525195325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465178534285, companyId=1172984356516806716, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. College of Geophysics, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172984356533583934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465178534285, companyId=1172984356516806716, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 成都理工大学地球物理学院, 成都 610059)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1172984360010661996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465178534285, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic diagram of well ground electromagnetic emission source device arrangement, figureFileSmall=kV3W8LC6jJ/szper3FFzuQ==, figureFileBig=0LgQQjNX9MKqlSchqU9J4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984360119713901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465178534285, language=CN, label=图1, caption=井地电磁发射源装置布置原理图, figureFileSmall=kV3W8LC6jJ/szper3FFzuQ==, figureFileBig=0LgQQjNX9MKqlSchqU9J4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984360182628462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465178534285, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Differential equivalent source comparison, figureFileSmall=ArCaPiS8A4+kWLxMWPkASw==, figureFileBig=xI1+9RI+6O1IVF1PF9dyOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984360258125935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465178534285, language=CN, label=图2, caption=差分等效源对比, figureFileSmall=ArCaPiS8A4+kWLxMWPkASw==, figureFileBig=xI1+9RI+6O1IVF1PF9dyOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984360321040496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465178534285, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Structural location map of the study area, figureFileSmall=LcMFeN+vUaVgZlh/zVharA==, figureFileBig=FtXeT7vXtf6r8AXN5UU7rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984360400732273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465178534285, language=CN, label=图3, caption=研究区构造位置图, figureFileSmall=LcMFeN+vUaVgZlh/zVharA==, figureFileBig=FtXeT7vXtf6r8AXN5UU7rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984360480424050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465178534285, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Schematic diagram of the distribution of measurement points in a work area of Tahe Oilfield(satellite imagery), figureFileSmall=OWihuo92y4CejyNAA6t8+g==, figureFileBig=S1GXLpCL+oJZfB7yTGeuww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984360551727219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465178534285, language=CN, label=图4, caption=塔河油田某工区测点分布示意图(卫星影像), figureFileSmall=OWihuo92y4CejyNAA6t8+g==, figureFileBig=S1GXLpCL+oJZfB7yTGeuww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984360702722164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465178534285, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Flowchart for differential apparent resistivity and differential phase calculation, figureFileSmall=MDaAKEmatHnedf+B4DkXMw==, figureFileBig=0zM2HJfVMBrymCyyNdOw7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984360774025333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465178534285, language=CN, label=图5, caption=差分视电阻率和差分相位计算流程图, figureFileSmall=MDaAKEmatHnedf+B4DkXMw==, figureFileBig=0zM2HJfVMBrymCyyNdOw7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984360870494326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465178534285, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Before and after data preprocessing, figureFileSmall=9Q46xRGyIP8WgImNTxrgAQ==, figureFileBig=HFvKBA6ukki9qBHRXzcttQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984360979546231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465178534285, language=CN, label=图6, caption=数据预处理前后对比

f为频率

, figureFileSmall=9Q46xRGyIP8WgImNTxrgAQ==, figureFileBig=HFvKBA6ukki9qBHRXzcttQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984361046655096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465178534285, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Pre-processed data(pre-processed data corresponding to excitation source 43), figureFileSmall=cu4DoSplnmPourZaYnQnEw==, figureFileBig=9kxltf0/oeNSRVaaXw7aeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984361130541177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465178534285, language=CN, label=图7, caption=预处理后数据(激发源43对应下的预处理后数据)

f为频率

, figureFileSmall=cu4DoSplnmPourZaYnQnEw==, figureFileBig=9kxltf0/oeNSRVaaXw7aeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984361201844346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465178534285, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Plot of differential phase and differential apparent resistivity, figureFileSmall=je0UqGhN2sTeomVXA8sCrA==, figureFileBig=PK4kgyKhQpvt2NL/fRP8ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984361273147515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465178534285, language=CN, label=图8, caption=差分相位和差分视电阻率平面分布图

dph为差分相位;dps为差分视电阻率

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RD为深侧向电阻率;RS为浅侧向电阻率

, figureFileSmall=RNTNU6jnwmUM0ZR/mxfawA==, figureFileBig=Dti8+rkHJk7VdJcRiJqA/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984361512222846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465178534285, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Comparison of differential phase differential apparent resistivity and seismic profile for the same survey line (survey line is located in the direction of the black arrow in Fig.8), figureFileSmall=NLFwDOZEmgM+h+NG6ZfzbA==, figureFileBig=2XfNIHWJppYnVsqnr1GEzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984361570943103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465178534285, language=CN, label=图10, caption=同一测线差分相位差分视电阻率和地震剖面对比图(测线位于图8中黑色箭头方向), figureFileSmall=NLFwDOZEmgM+h+NG6ZfzbA==, figureFileBig=2XfNIHWJppYnVsqnr1GEzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984361742909568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465178534285, language=EN, label=Table1, caption=

Differential apparent resistivity and differential phase calculation

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层数
L
深度D/
m
差分相位
PHC/(°)
差分视电阻率
PC/(Ω·m)
L 1 H A B 42 + H A B 43 2 P h A B 42 - P h A B 43 p A B 42 - p A B 43
L 2 H A B 41 + H A B 42 2 P h A B 41 - P h A B 42 p A B 41 - p A B 42
L 42 H A B 1 + H A B 2 2 P h A B 1 - P h A B 2 p A B 1 - p A B 2
), ArticleFig(id=1172984361856155777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465178534285, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

差分视电阻率与差分相位计算

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层数
L
深度D/
m
差分相位
PHC/(°)
差分视电阻率
PC/(Ω·m)
L 1 H A B 42 + H A B 43 2 P h A B 42 - P h A B 43 p A B 42 - p A B 43
L 2 H A B 41 + H A B 42 2 P h A B 41 - P h A B 42 p A B 41 - p A B 42
L 42 H A B 1 + H A B 2 2 P h A B 1 - P h A B 2 p A B 1 - p A B 2
), ArticleFig(id=1172984361961013378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465178534285, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Excitation source B-pole depth in bare eye section wells

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
场源编号 激发井深/m 场源编号 激发井深/m
AB1 6 480 AB23 6 330
AB2 6 475 AB24 6 320
AB3 6 470 AB25 6 310
AB4 6 465 AB26 6 300
AB5 6 460 AB27 6 290
AB6 6 450 AB28 6 280
AB7 6 440 AB29 6 270
AB8 6 430 AB30 6 260
AB9 6 420 AB31 6 250
AB10 6 415 AB32 6 240
AB11 6 410 AB33 6 230
AB12 6 405 AB34 6 220
AB13 6 400 AB35 6 210
AB14 6 395 AB36 6 200
AB15 6 390 AB37 6 190
AB16 6 385 AB38 6 180
AB17 6 380 AB39 6 170
AB18 6 375 AB40 6 160
AB19 6 370 AB41 6 150
AB20 6 360 AB42 6 140
AB21 6 350 AB43 6 130
AB22 6 340
), ArticleFig(id=1172984362191700099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465178534285, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

裸眼段井中激发源B极深度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
场源编号 激发井深/m 场源编号 激发井深/m
AB1 6 480 AB23 6 330
AB2 6 475 AB24 6 320
AB3 6 470 AB25 6 310
AB4 6 465 AB26 6 300
AB5 6 460 AB27 6 290
AB6 6 450 AB28 6 280
AB7 6 440 AB29 6 270
AB8 6 430 AB30 6 260
AB9 6 420 AB31 6 250
AB10 6 415 AB32 6 240
AB11 6 410 AB33 6 230
AB12 6 405 AB34 6 220
AB13 6 400 AB35 6 210
AB14 6 395 AB36 6 200
AB15 6 390 AB37 6 190
AB16 6 385 AB38 6 180
AB17 6 380 AB39 6 170
AB18 6 375 AB40 6 160
AB19 6 370 AB41 6 150
AB20 6 360 AB42 6 140
AB21 6 350 AB43 6 130
AB22 6 340
), ArticleFig(id=1172984362263003268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465178534285, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Periodic table of electromagnetic excitation sweep signals from well ground

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 周期/s 频率/Hz 叠加周数 采集时间/s
1 0.016 62.500 0 90 1.44
2 0.026 38.461 5 80 2.08
3 0.032 31.250 0 70 2.24
4 0.046 21.739 1 60 2.76
5 0.064 15.625 0 50 3.20
6 0.086 11.627 9 50 4.30
7 0.128 7.812 5 50 6.40
8 0.168 5.952 4 50 8.40
9 0.256 3.906 3 40 10.24
10 0.326 3.067 5 40 13.04
11 0.400 2.500 0 40 16.00
12 0.460 2.173 9 40 18.40
13 0.512 1.953 1 30 15.36
14 0.680 1.470 6 30 20.40
15 0.820 1.219 5 30 24.60
16 1.024 0.976 6 30 30.72
), ArticleFig(id=1172984362346889349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769465178534285, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

3井地电磁激发扫频信号周期表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 周期/s 频率/Hz 叠加周数 采集时间/s
1 0.016 62.500 0 90 1.44
2 0.026 38.461 5 80 2.08
3 0.032 31.250 0 70 2.24
4 0.046 21.739 1 60 2.76
5 0.064 15.625 0 50 3.20
6 0.086 11.627 9 50 4.30
7 0.128 7.812 5 50 6.40
8 0.168 5.952 4 50 8.40
9 0.256 3.906 3 40 10.24
10 0.326 3.067 5 40 13.04
11 0.400 2.500 0 40 16.00
12 0.460 2.173 9 40 18.40
13 0.512 1.953 1 30 15.36
14 0.680 1.470 6 30 20.40
15 0.820 1.219 5 30 24.60
16 1.024 0.976 6 30 30.72
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井-地时频电磁差分数据处理在塔河油田储层检测中的应用
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蔡盼盼 1 , 杨威 1 , 李清坤 1 , 李忠乾 1 , 高文龙 2 , 王爽 2 , 王绪本 2, *
科学技术与工程 | 论文·天文学、地球科学 2025,25(14): 5780-5787
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·天文学、地球科学 2025, 25(14): 5780-5787
井-地时频电磁差分数据处理在塔河油田储层检测中的应用
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蔡盼盼1 , 杨威1, 李清坤1, 李忠乾1, 高文龙2, 王爽2, 王绪本2, *
作者信息
  • 1. 中国石油化工股份有限公司西北油田分公司, 乌鲁木齐 830011
  • 2. 成都理工大学地球物理学院, 成都 610059
  • 蔡盼盼(1992—),女,汉族,新疆乌鲁木齐人,硕士,助理研究员。研究方向:物探技术方法。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*王绪本(1956—),男,汉族,四川成都人,博士,教授。研究方向:地球物理电磁法理论及应用。E-mail:
Processing of Borehole-Surface TFEM Differential Data and Its Application in Reservoir Detection in the Tahe Oilfield
Pan-pan CAI1 , Wei YANG1, Qing-kun LI1, Zhong-qian LI1, Wen-long GAO2, Shuang WANG2, Xu-ben WANG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Sinopec Northwest China Petroleum Bureau, Urumqi 830011, China
  • 2. College of Geophysics, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
出版时间: 2025-05-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2408051
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塔河油田是中国西部重要的油田之一,其剩余油的监测与开发备受关注,也是目前油气勘探与开发的难点之一。井-地时频电磁探测技术因其对油气水界面的敏感性,在油气田开发中的应用逐渐增多,但是,由于时频电磁检测技术引入油气检测较晚,相关检测机理和高分辨信号提取与解释尚处于研究阶段。通过井-地时频电磁勘探原理分析,从时频电磁全区视电阻率的定义入手,实现了井-地时频电磁的差分视电阻率、差分相位的处理和成像。由塔河油田TX1实际生产井激发、地面采集的时频电磁数据的差分处理结果表明,井-地时频电磁多极发射、多频接收的高密度采样提供了储层检测高分辨数据集,采用差分数据处理新技术,可以有效提升对深部油气水的识别能力。该方法的成功试验为油田开发提供一种有潜力的油气水检测技术手段。同时,通过与地震勘探结果对比分析,发现井-地电磁勘探在识别复杂地下结构方面也具有独特优势,能够提供与地震勘探互补的信息。

塔河油田  /  井-地时频电磁勘探  /  差分视电阻率  /  差分相位  /  油气识别

Tahe Oilfield was one of the important oilfields in western China. The monitoring and development of remaining oil reserves were paid significant attention to and were regarded as one of the current challenges in oil and gas exploration and development. Well-to-surface time-frequency electromagnetic detection technology, due to its sensitivity to oil-gas-water interfaces, was increasingly applied in oilfield development. However, as time-frequency electromagnetic detection technology was introduced relatively late in oil and gas detection, the related detection mechanisms and high-resolution signal extraction and interpretation were still under research. Through the analysis of well-to-surface time-frequency electromagnetic exploration principles, a technical sequence for differential apparent resistivity, differential phase processing, and imaging analysis of well-to-surface time-frequency electromagnetic data was established, starting from the definition of regional apparent resistivity. The differential processing results of time-frequency electromagnetic data collected from the actual production well TX1 in Tahe Oilfield demonstrated that the high-density sampling provided by multi-pole transmission and multi-frequency reception of well-to-surface time-frequency electromagnetic detection technology offered high-resolution reservoir detection datasets. The new differential data processing technology could greatly enhance the effective identification capability of deep oil-gas-water interfaces. The successful trial of this method provided a promising technical means for oil-gas-water detection in oilfield development. Additionally, through comparative analysis with seismic exploration results, it was found that well-to-surface electromagnetic exploration had unique advantages in identifying complex underground structures and could provide complementary information to seismic exploration.

Taha Oilfield  /  borehole-surface electromagnetic exploration  /  differential apparent resistivity  /  differential phase  /  oil and gas identification
蔡盼盼, 杨威, 李清坤, 李忠乾, 高文龙, 王爽, 王绪本. 井-地时频电磁差分数据处理在塔河油田储层检测中的应用. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (14) : 5780 -5787 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2408051
Pan-pan CAI, Wei YANG, Qing-kun LI, Zhong-qian LI, Wen-long GAO, Shuang WANG, Xu-ben WANG. Processing of Borehole-Surface TFEM Differential Data and Its Application in Reservoir Detection in the Tahe Oilfield[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (14) : 5780 -5787 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2408051
随着油田开发的深入,传统勘探方法在识别复杂地下结构方面的局限性逐渐显现,亟需引入新的勘探技术以提高勘探精度和效率[1]。由于电磁场对地层电导率高度敏感,而地层电导率与流体分布及其饱和度密切相关,因此电磁勘探方法广泛应用于油气[2-3]、新能源、矿产等领域的储层流体识别、裂缝[4]和水驱监测[5-7]
针对深部储层和裂缝的成像与监测,地面可控源电磁方法通常无法直接感应到深度目标[8]。井间电磁方法虽然可以高分辨率地感知目标层,但需要同时访问两个或多个钻孔进行分析[9-10]。传统井-地电磁勘探技术,是一种将发射源放置在井中以激发深层目标,并在地面上测量电磁场,可以有效地激发目的层的响应[11-12]。但是该方法主要依据反演理论,从而得到深度域的电性结构,而反演方法的多解性,导致反演结果的分辨率相对较低。中国石化西北石油分公司,针对塔河油田深部油气储层,野外实验了一种针对目的层的井地差分电磁勘探新方法。该方法升级了井地电磁勘探的激发装置,通过井中密集激发,通过差分处理可以有效提高对深层目标信号的分辨率。
在油气田、地质储存场所和科学钻探场所,套管井和管道等钢铁基础设施非常常见[13]。这些基础设施常常扭曲来自深层目标的电磁信号,导致错误的解释[14-16]。从数值建模的角度来看,直接对三维钢结构的影响进行建模具有挑战性,因为离散化需要使用非常小的单元,以应对其高导电性和薄的空心几何形状[17-18]。因此,在设计井-地电磁勘探的测量工作时,建议避免将源和接收器放置在主要钢铁基础设施附近。这种做法有助于在不直接对钢结构的影响进行建模的情况下解释电磁数据[19]
传统电磁资料处理主要通过反演获取地下空间的电性异常,而本次处理的井地时频电磁资料与传统的勘探方法不同,通过井中多源激发,可以进行差分处理。处理结果表明,差分相位、差分视电阻率对目标层的异常显示具有较高的分辨率,可以直接获取目标层的地下电性异常的空间分布。
基于此,首先将全区视电阻率引入井地差分电磁勘探中,同时介绍针对目的层的井地时频电磁勘探方法中差分视电阻率及差分相位定义,以及发射源的布置方式。通过对三维原始数据进行处理,结果表明,差分相位和差分视电阻率是提供地下储层电性结构细节的有效方法,其中差分结果与地震结果具有较好的一致性,而且差分相位的成像结果优于差分视电阻率。
全区视电阻率(apparent resistivity)是频率域可控源电磁勘探一个重要参数,定义该参数的基本思想是通过地表的电磁场测量来推断地下介质的电阻率分布,基于电流在地下介质中传播时的电阻率变化,通过测量地表上不同频率的电磁场,可以间接获得地下不同深度和位置的电阻率信息[20-21]
全区视电阻率是一种对单一观测参数定义的一种近似反映地下解释电性的折中办法,能够综合反映地下介质电阻率影响,它受到地下介质层结构、厚度、电阻率等多种因素的影响。全区视电阻率通常用于初步的地下探测,为进一步地详细勘探提供基础数据。
何继善[21]使用电场的 x分量,根据水平电流场源在半均匀空间地面的电磁场解析表达式,定义了广域视电阻率。根据井地时频电磁的经向电场数据特点,本文研究通过迭代计算径向电场的全区视电阻率。设目标函数为
ϕ = [ d - E r ( ρ ) ] 2
式(1)中: d为实测经向电场数据; E r ( ρ )为预测的经向电场数据; ρ为频率域的视电阻率。
求该目标函数的最小值,对目标函数求梯度得
ϕ ρ = - 2 [ d - E r ( ρ ) ] E r ( ρ ) ρ
在迭代过程中,设第k+1次的视电阻率为
ρ k + 1 = ρ k + Δ ρ
式(3)中: ρ k为第k次迭代的视电阻率。
E r ( ρ k + 1 )泰勒展开可得
E r ( ρ k + Δ ρ ) = E r ( ρ k ) + J ρ Δ ρ
J ρ = E r ( ρ ) ρ
式中: J ρ为均匀半空间下频率域电场对电阻率的灵敏度矩阵。
同时另目标函数的梯度等于0,得到迭代中电阻率的变化量为
Δ ρ = J ρ - 1 [ d - E r ( ρ k ) ]
因此,
ρ k + 1 = ρ k + J ρ - 1 [ d - E r ( ρ k ) ]
针对一条测线(含有NL个测点、Nf个频率),可以设置相对误差来判断视电阻率迭代结果的质量,即
r m s = n l = 1 N L n f = 1 N f ρ k + 1 - ρ k ρ k N L N f
式(8)中:NL为测点的数量;Nf为频率的总数;rms为每次迭代过程中所有测点和测线的平均相对误差;nl为测点序号;nf为频点序号。
通过设置 r m s和最大迭代次数,即可得到全区视电阻率的迭代结果。
井-地时频电磁发射源装置布置如图1所示,地面井口固定电极A,井下储层范围密集布置ABn电极进行电磁场连续发射。依据场源的差分等效性,该方法的一个重要特点是这种在储层的密集布设B电极的方式,是一种创新的采集方式,通过ABn和ABn+1的差值,也即差分场源,等效于在储层内部放置了一系列垂向电偶极子发射场源,地面围绕该井开展密集的三维电磁响应数据采集。根据电磁场发射与采集的等效互换原理,地面采集数据的差分结果就等效于储层偶极子场激发储层的电磁响应结果。进一步通过测量电磁场及相位的差分处理,提取地下介质的差分视电阻率和差分相位信息,从而实现对地下结构的高精度成像和解释[22]
差分结果通过相邻源电场的差分幅值结果作为异常信号,每个点的信号深度为相邻源的中心深度,如表1所示。
差分相位和差分视电阻率处理方法是用于分析和解释针对目的层井地电磁数据的两种重要技术。差分处理,即根据等效电偶极子的累积效应。通过两次相邻激发结果进行相减,得到等效的垂直电偶极源激发的异常响应。如图2所示,通过理论模拟,使用B1B2垂直偶极子,代替长导线源AB1-AB2的信号,验证了这种等效方法的正确性。使用垂直偶极子的激发深度,代表目的层的深度。差分相位处理方法通过测量电磁波在不同频率下的相位变化,能够揭示地下介质的电性特征和结构。该方法特别适用于识别地下的层状结构和界面,具有较高的分辨率。差分视电阻率处理方法则通过测量电磁波在不同频率下的视电阻率变化,能够提供地下介质的电阻率分布信息。视电阻率的变化反映了地下不同地质体的导电性差异,有助于识别油气藏、矿体和其他地质目标。两种方法结合使用,可以提供更加全面和准确的地下电性特征描述,提高地球物理勘探的效果和精度。
塔河油田位于塔北地区沙雅隆起的阿克库勒凸起构造单元内,如图3所示。该区域经历了复杂的构造演化历史,先后受到加里东期、海西期、印支期、燕山期及喜马拉雅期5次重大构造运动的影响。值得注意的是,塔河油田奥陶系中发育的走滑断裂系统,其形成与演化过程与上述多期构造运动密切相关。奥陶系目标层的断裂特征主要表现为:主干断裂穿过奥陶系,为寒武系—中下泥盆统,断裂发育具有统一性,这是由于近直立的同一走滑断裂同时切穿目标层的结果[23-25]
奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层储渗空间主要有粒内溶孔、溶蚀孔洞、洞穴、构造裂缝等它们之间相互叠加形成复杂的缝、孔、洞组合、储层的非均质性极强,加之复杂的裂缝系统,造成井间可能存在非渗透区,从而使储层发育较差,缝洞不连通,进而影响储集体展布和发育规模[25]
目标储层为典型的碳酸盐岩孔缝洞型储层,背景地层电阻率为高阻且具有极强的非均质性,储层中油水变化能够引起明显的电阻率变化,具备开展井地电磁法应用的物性条件。
井-地时频电磁发射源装置布置如图1所示,地面井口固定电极A,井下深度6 200~6 500 m储层范围内密集布置43个ABn电极进行电磁场连续发射。
本文研究中采用了塔河油田某工区的井-地时频电磁试验数据,TX1井的43次激发源的1 577个测点数据,其中每个测点有48个频率记录,研究工区测点分布如图4所示。
表2给出了试验井TX1中布设的B极深度。试验共计激发了43次,激发深度6 480~6 150 m。表3给出了16个激发主频的周期和频率,频率范围(0.98~62.5 Hz),单次激发的时间共计179.58 s,每个频率的信号都经过多次叠加。
本文研究采用的数据预处理方法与传统方法相同,处理方法与过程包括单点去噪、单测点平滑、基于频率-三维空间关联平衡等步骤[26-27],如图5所示。
由于实际采集的数据包含43次激发源下48个频点数据,海量的数据处理结果难以全部展现。以激发源AB43的工区内所有数据的三维展示为例。通过进行单侧点去噪与平滑、同时进行频率-空间的相互关联平衡。原始数据曲线预处理前后效果如图6所示。由于环境噪声以及仪器采集时的干扰等,使得原始数据信号存在一定的跳变,需要通过人工的平滑才能恢复。而本次实验进行的是三维采集,相邻接收站的距离是25 m。在信号处理的过程中,通过相邻测点信号的互相参考,正在一定程度上避免了过度处理,同时增加了预处理数据的有效性。如图7所示,为预处理后的数据三维可视化效果。预处理后的数据在频率域和空间域上,平滑且连续,符合电磁场的物理特征。
计算所得差分视电阻率和差分相位如图8所示,该图为AB42和源AB43按照表1差分计算的结果,等效差分源所在深度为6 135 m。由图8可以看出差分相位异常的分辨率,要优于差分视电阻率的结果。横向上异常呈块状,不均匀分布,与缝洞型储层的特征具有一定的相关性。相位参数的异常主要体现在电阻率变化的灵敏区域,而差分视电阻率的结果主要体现低下介质的相对电阻率异常,高值对应高电阻率,低值对应低电阻率。但是视电阻率参数并不是真正的地下电阻率,它仅体现地下导电介质的相对电阻率异常。
激发源所在井的电阻率测井曲线如图9所示。深度在5 300 m以上的地层岩性为砂泥岩互层,地层电阻率非常低,大部分在1欧姆以下,6 115 m深度以下均为灰岩,泥晶灰岩,地层电阻率非常高;在5 300~6 115 m的地层主要为石炭系下统卡拉沙依组和巴楚组、泥盆系上统东河塘组和奥陶系上统桑塔木组、良里塔格组、恰尔巴克组。岩性主要为泥岩、砂泥岩、砂岩、泥质粉砂岩和泥晶灰岩不等厚互层,电阻率也根据含量的差异发生较大变化。
图10所示,图10中明显的断裂(图10中黑色垂线)具有一定的一致性。
地震剖面主要显示地下岩层的反射情况,差分视电阻率图展示了地下电性结构的变化,而差分相位图则提供了不同的电磁信息。地震剖面通常用于识别地下岩层的界面和结构,而差分视电阻率和差分相位图则更侧重于电性特征和电磁响应。差分视电阻率和差分相位图在解释上可能需要考虑不同的物理机制和地质特征。
本文研究旨在探讨针对目的层的井-地时频电磁差分数据处理及其在塔河油田储层检测中的实验应用。将全区视电阻率引入到井地差分电磁勘探中,并推导了全区视电阻率的求解过程,得出了差分视电阻率的结果。与传统地震勘探结果进行对比后发现,针对目的层的井-地电磁法勘探在塔河油田展现出潜在的前景,能够为油田开发提供与地震勘探互补的电属性信息。这表明井-地电磁法在复杂地下结构识别中具有重要前景。
本文研究为进一步地对井地电磁观测的大数据进行挖掘,开发多尺度、多分辨处理解释方法,提供了原始数据的处理模式。同时,仍需要进一步优化井-地差分电磁勘探的数学物理方法,为该方法对超深层复杂油气储层勘探的突破,提供理论基础。
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2025年第25卷第14期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2408051
  • 接收时间:2024-10-29
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-05-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-29
  • 修回日期:2025-02-12
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    1. 中国石油化工股份有限公司西北油田分公司, 乌鲁木齐 830011
    2. 成都理工大学地球物理学院, 成都 610059

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*王绪本(1956—),男,汉族,四川成都人,博士,教授。研究方向:地球物理电磁法理论及应用。E-mail:
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