Article(id=1149769463488234463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405191, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720627200000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-11, revisedDate=1740585600000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752056001778, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1747497600000, pubDateStr=2025-05-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752056001778, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752056001778, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752056001778, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149769458706723113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='14', pageStart='5705', pageEnd='6154', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752056000638, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456798957, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559392753041779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559392753041780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=6128, endPage=6135, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149769463786030049, articleId=1149769463488234463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Applicability of Eye Movement Parameters as Indicators of Fatigue during Weighted Walking, columnId=1156262729993277777, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Environmental and Safe Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To accurately and comprehensively explore the entire process of physical fatigue development in rescue team members during weighted walking, a multidimensional fatigue assessment method based on eye movement characteristics, electromyographic signals, and subjective evaluation is proposed. Eight volunteers were recruited for the weight-bearing walking fatigue induction experiment. The glasses eye tracking was used to extract the eye movement data about ST (saccade time), average SS (saccade speed) and maximum SA (saccade amplitude). The correlation between the characteristics of eye movement and the degree of fatigue estimated by subjective evaluation was -0.857±0.059, -0.938±0.092, not correlated, respectively. The correlation with iEMG to judge fatigue degree was -0.782±0.090, -0.942±0.030, -0.928±0.026, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed on subjective score, iEMG value and eye movement parameters. The regression model yielded a coefficient of determination R2=0.989, with the following standardized coefficients: iEMG signals=0.27, ST=-0.16, SS=-0.513, and SA=-0.124. This study makes new explorations and attempts in the monitoring and evaluation methods of fatigue during weighted walking.

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为准确、全面地探究救援队员负重行走体力疲劳全过程发展趋势,提出了基于眼动特征-肌电信号-主观评价的多维疲劳程度评价方法。招募8名志愿者进行负重行走疲劳诱发实验,利用眼镜式眼动仪,采集并分析被试眼跳次数变化率(saccade time,ST)、平均眼跳速度变化率(saccade speed,SS)和最大眼跳幅度变化率(saccade amplitude,SA)。研究表明:ST、SS、SA与主观疲劳评价的相关性分别为-0.857±0.052、-0.938±0.054、不相关;与肌电信号值的相关性分别为-0.782±0.090、-0.942±0.030、-0.928±0.026。对主观评分、肌电信号值和眼动参数进行多元线性回归分析,回归方程R2=0.989,其中肌电信号、ST、SS和SA回归系数分别为0.27、-0.16、-0.513和-0.124。研究结果为负重行走疲劳监测与评价方法做出了新的探索与尝试。

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魏祎璇(1991—),女,汉族,河北承德人,博士,讲师。研究方向:生物电信号与安全人行为、应急疏散、职业健康工程防护。E-mail:

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魏祎璇(1991—),女,汉族,河北承德人,博士,讲师。研究方向:生物电信号与安全人行为、应急疏散、职业健康工程防护。E-mail:

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魏祎璇(1991—),女,汉族,河北承德人,博士,讲师。研究方向:生物电信号与安全人行为、应急疏散、职业健康工程防护。E-mail:

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caption=

Results of two-factor variance analysis of eye tracking characteristics under different conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
眼动参数 时间因素 疲劳过渡期 疲劳发展期 疲劳调整期
P F Fc P F Fc P F Fc
ST 负重方式 0.859 0.033 4.75 0.254 1.434 4.75 0.047* 4.912 4.75
地面类型 <0.001* 23.511 3.88 0.024* 5.163 3.88 0.013* 6.350 3.88
负重方式×地面类型 0.967 0.034 3.88 0.001* 14.942 3.88 0.003* 10.167 3.88
SS 负重方式 0.013* 8.416 4.75 <0.001* 75.002 4.75 0.879 0.024 4.75
地面类型 <0.001* 101.757 3.88 <0.001* 52.818 3.88 <0.001* 31.548 3.88
负重方式×地面类型 0.043 4.155 3.88 0.477 0.787 3.88 0.083 3.079 3.88
SA 负重方式 <0.001* 904.022 4.75 0.004* 12.282 4.75 <0.001* 35.264 4.75
地面类型 <0.001* 51.333 3.88 <0.001* 74.307 3.88 <0.001* 132.809 3.88
负重方式×地面类型 <0.001* 110.087 3.88 <0.001* 39.368 3.88 0.001* 12.015 3.88
), ArticleFig(id=1172984326095516586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769463488234463, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同工况下眼动数据的双因素方差分析结果

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眼动参数 时间因素 疲劳过渡期 疲劳发展期 疲劳调整期
P F Fc P F Fc P F Fc
ST 负重方式 0.859 0.033 4.75 0.254 1.434 4.75 0.047* 4.912 4.75
地面类型 <0.001* 23.511 3.88 0.024* 5.163 3.88 0.013* 6.350 3.88
负重方式×地面类型 0.967 0.034 3.88 0.001* 14.942 3.88 0.003* 10.167 3.88
SS 负重方式 0.013* 8.416 4.75 <0.001* 75.002 4.75 0.879 0.024 4.75
地面类型 <0.001* 101.757 3.88 <0.001* 52.818 3.88 <0.001* 31.548 3.88
负重方式×地面类型 0.043 4.155 3.88 0.477 0.787 3.88 0.083 3.079 3.88
SA 负重方式 <0.001* 904.022 4.75 0.004* 12.282 4.75 <0.001* 35.264 4.75
地面类型 <0.001* 51.333 3.88 <0.001* 74.307 3.88 <0.001* 132.809 3.88
负重方式×地面类型 <0.001* 110.087 3.88 <0.001* 39.368 3.88 0.001* 12.015 3.88
), ArticleFig(id=1172984326162625451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769463488234463, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Correlation analysis of subjective evaluation, iEMG value and eye tracking characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
疲劳测量方法 工况
a1b1 a2b1 a3b1 a1b2 a2b2 a3b2
主观评价 iEMG 0.985* 0.992* 0.973* 0.993* 0.987* 0.988*
ST -0.926* -0.826* -0.849* -0.916* -0.827* -0.798*
SS -0.846* -0.926* -0.970* -0.982* -0.913* -0.989*
SA -0.289 -0.427 -0.427 -0.371 -0.266 -0.359
iEMG值 ST -0.803* -0.692* -0.813* -0.822* -0.801* -0.763*
SS -0.912* -0.933* -0.954* -0.916* -0.954* -0.985*
SA -0.910* -0.903* -0.951* -0.945* -0.944* -0.920*
), ArticleFig(id=1172984326238122924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769463488234463, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

主观评价、iEMG、眼动参数的相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
疲劳测量方法 工况
a1b1 a2b1 a3b1 a1b2 a2b2 a3b2
主观评价 iEMG 0.985* 0.992* 0.973* 0.993* 0.987* 0.988*
ST -0.926* -0.826* -0.849* -0.916* -0.827* -0.798*
SS -0.846* -0.926* -0.970* -0.982* -0.913* -0.989*
SA -0.289 -0.427 -0.427 -0.371 -0.266 -0.359
iEMG值 ST -0.803* -0.692* -0.813* -0.822* -0.801* -0.763*
SS -0.912* -0.933* -0.954* -0.916* -0.954* -0.985*
SA -0.910* -0.903* -0.951* -0.945* -0.944* -0.920*
), ArticleFig(id=1172984326305231789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769463488234463, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Linear fitting equation between subjective score(Y), iEMG value(X1) and eye tracking characteristics (Xi) under low shoulder loading mode

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公式 眼动参数 线性回归方程 拟合度R2
1 ST Y=0.913X1-0.009X2+8.426 0.96
2 SS Y=0.583X1-0.411X3+47.909 0.98
3 SA Y=0.634X1-0.318X4+36.401 0.981
4 ST、SS、SA Y=0.270X1-0.160X2-0.513X3-
0.124X4+80.917
0.99
), ArticleFig(id=1172984326380729262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769463488234463, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

低位双肩负重工况主观评分(Y)与iEMG(X1)、眼动参数(Xi)之间线性拟合方程

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
公式 眼动参数 线性回归方程 拟合度R2
1 ST Y=0.913X1-0.009X2+8.426 0.96
2 SS Y=0.583X1-0.411X3+47.909 0.98
3 SA Y=0.634X1-0.318X4+36.401 0.981
4 ST、SS、SA Y=0.270X1-0.160X2-0.513X3-
0.124X4+80.917
0.99
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眼动参数作为负重行走疲劳表征指标的适用性研究
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魏祎璇 1 , 金龙哲 1 , 文雪丽 2 , 赵颖 2
科学技术与工程 | 论文·环境科学、安全科学 2025,25(14): 6128-6135
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·环境科学、安全科学 2025, 25(14): 6128-6135
眼动参数作为负重行走疲劳表征指标的适用性研究
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魏祎璇1 , 金龙哲1, 文雪丽2, 赵颖2
作者信息
  • 1. 北京科技大学大安全科学研究院, 北京 100083
  • 2. 北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院, 北京 100083
  • 魏祎璇(1991—),女,汉族,河北承德人,博士,讲师。研究方向:生物电信号与安全人行为、应急疏散、职业健康工程防护。E-mail:

Applicability of Eye Movement Parameters as Indicators of Fatigue during Weighted Walking
Yi-xuan WEI1 , Long-zhe JIN1, Xue-li WEN2, Ying ZHAO2
Affiliations
  • 1. Research Institute of Macro-safety Science, University of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
  • 2. School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
出版时间: 2025-05-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405191
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为准确、全面地探究救援队员负重行走体力疲劳全过程发展趋势,提出了基于眼动特征-肌电信号-主观评价的多维疲劳程度评价方法。招募8名志愿者进行负重行走疲劳诱发实验,利用眼镜式眼动仪,采集并分析被试眼跳次数变化率(saccade time,ST)、平均眼跳速度变化率(saccade speed,SS)和最大眼跳幅度变化率(saccade amplitude,SA)。研究表明:ST、SS、SA与主观疲劳评价的相关性分别为-0.857±0.052、-0.938±0.054、不相关;与肌电信号值的相关性分别为-0.782±0.090、-0.942±0.030、-0.928±0.026。对主观评分、肌电信号值和眼动参数进行多元线性回归分析,回归方程R2=0.989,其中肌电信号、ST、SS和SA回归系数分别为0.27、-0.16、-0.513和-0.124。研究结果为负重行走疲劳监测与评价方法做出了新的探索与尝试。

眼动特征  /  肌电信号  /  主观评价  /  负重行走  /  疲劳监测与评估

To accurately and comprehensively explore the entire process of physical fatigue development in rescue team members during weighted walking, a multidimensional fatigue assessment method based on eye movement characteristics, electromyographic signals, and subjective evaluation is proposed. Eight volunteers were recruited for the weight-bearing walking fatigue induction experiment. The glasses eye tracking was used to extract the eye movement data about ST (saccade time), average SS (saccade speed) and maximum SA (saccade amplitude). The correlation between the characteristics of eye movement and the degree of fatigue estimated by subjective evaluation was -0.857±0.059, -0.938±0.092, not correlated, respectively. The correlation with iEMG to judge fatigue degree was -0.782±0.090, -0.942±0.030, -0.928±0.026, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed on subjective score, iEMG value and eye movement parameters. The regression model yielded a coefficient of determination R2=0.989, with the following standardized coefficients: iEMG signals=0.27, ST=-0.16, SS=-0.513, and SA=-0.124. This study makes new explorations and attempts in the monitoring and evaluation methods of fatigue during weighted walking.

eye movement signal  /  electromyographic signal  /  subjective evaluation  /  weight-bearing walking  /  fatigue monitoring and evaluation
魏祎璇, 金龙哲, 文雪丽, 赵颖. 眼动参数作为负重行走疲劳表征指标的适用性研究. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (14) : 6128 -6135 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405191
Yi-xuan WEI, Long-zhe JIN, Xue-li WEN, Ying ZHAO. Applicability of Eye Movement Parameters as Indicators of Fatigue during Weighted Walking[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (14) : 6128 -6135 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405191
当前中国从事矿山、危化品领域的应急救援人员共有62万人,在保障人民健康和财产安全方面做出巨大贡献[1]。因其工作特点,救援队员在日常训练和救援工作中需长时间背负大重量救援设备,背部、脊柱、腰部、肩部损伤风险升高,其中最为常见的是下背痛和颈肩综合征[2]。由此可见,肌肉骨骼损伤成为影响救援队员等职业健康与安全重要隐患之一[3]
根据致因性质,作业引发的疲劳可划分为生理疲劳、心理疲劳、精神疲劳。测量疲劳的方法包括主观量表法、客观测量法、观测法、建模法等[4]。其中主观量表法为传统测量方法,但难以实现持续测量,且易被主观感觉、情绪等因素影响[5-6]。表面肌电信号被认为是评价肌肉疲劳的客观指标,其幅值和频谱特征与肌力分析密切相关[7],广泛应用于受限空间侧屈作业、攀爬作业、长时间驾驶等工作场景的疲劳监测[8-10]。但肌电信号测量需将电极放置在目标肌肉群的皮肤表面,影响作业者舒适性,不适合进行长时间的身体疲劳监测。
因此,有学者提出图像识别疲劳状态的评估方法。例如,Yu等[11]采用单镜头三维姿态估计算法,并将三维姿态数据与受力数据进行生物力学计算,宫法明[12]采用AdaBoost算法对驾驶员脸部进行检测,计算驾驶员脸部区域图垂直方向的梯度矩阵,获取眼睛在图像中的相对位置。这类算法对图像采集质量与准确度要求较高,现场实际应用性有待进一步提升。
近些年,中外学者针对易发生安全事故的作业场景,采用脑电信号、眼动信号等应用于精神疲劳与心理疲劳监测[13-15]。例如,对驾驶员行驶过程中的注意力分布、视觉搜索模式进行检测[16-17]。基于生理信号的测量,揭示温湿度、光照、噪声、氧气浓度等物理环境对于精神疲劳变化的影响规律[18-21]。多项研究表明,单一的生理状态指标易受到环境、情绪和习惯等因素影响,采用单一指标和主观量表的疲劳评估正确率为70%,而多维度测量方法对疲劳的预警和评估准确率可达95%[22]
然而,目前鲜有基于体力疲劳下的眼动信号变化特征研究。眼动信号作为非接触式测量手段,相较于肌电信号对实验者干扰更小,其应用于体力疲劳检测适用性有待验证。现通过模拟应急救队员长时间负重行走,采集被试眼动信号,结合肌电信号与自评价方法,探究诱发体力疲劳过程中眼动信号变化规律;初步提出基于“眼动特征-肌电信号-主观评价”的多维疲劳程度评价方法。
招募8名北京科技大学学生参加负重行走疲劳诱发试验。该试验运动强度较高,要求所有被试均为男性,有锻炼习惯,身体素质良好,无肌肉骨骼疾病史。被试年龄(22±2)岁,身高(175±5) cm,体重(69±5) kg,身体质量指数(21±2) kg/m2。由于试验过程中需佩戴眼镜式眼动仪,要求被试双眼裸眼视力达4.5以上。
表面肌电信号采集使用的是美国Noraxon表面肌电采集分析仪器,以及上海申风公司生产制造的915s50型Ag-AgCl电极片,表面肌电采集处理系统如图1(a)所示。眼动特征检测设备采用Tobii Pro Glasses 2眼动仪[图1(b)],为非侵入式可穿戴设备,采样率为50 Hz,具有4个内部和外部眼动追踪摄像头,分辨率为1 920×1 080,每秒25帧,可采集被试在负重行走过程的高清眼动图像。试验器材还包括跑步机、75%医用酒精棉、防滑垫板、哑铃片及背包。
负重行走是救援队员应用体能训练的重要科目之一,本次实验设计参考《消防救援人员体能训练》,涉及地面坡度与负重方式双因素,共包含6组实验场景。其中3种地面坡度:平地(工况a1)、下坡10°(工况a2)、上坡10°(工况a3);2种负重方式:低位双肩(工况b1)、高位双肩(工况b2)。如图2所示,负载重量为10 kg[23],步速设定为7 km/h,单次试验时间为20 min。每位被试参与所有的实验场景,为减少累计疲劳对试验结果的影响,每人参与单次试验间隔为24 h以上。
本文研究采用的主观疲劳评估表参考《建筑工人疲劳评价量表》[24]
(1)试验准备。试验开始前向被试介绍研究目的、试验任务、评估量表内容、眼动仪的使用、安全注意事项等。在签署实验知情同意书后,开始试验。
(2)试验过程。试验开始前被试需进行热身运动,之后主试为其粘贴电极片。选取上斜方肌作为监测肌肉[图2(c)],以间距20 mm在测量肌肉上粘贴一对电极片。试验开始前,需针对被试佩戴的眼动仪进行校准。试验开始前及试验过程中每间隔5 min填写主观疲劳量表。试验流程如图3所示。
(3)数据处理。对采集的表面肌电信号进行时域分析处理;采用Tobii Pro Lab(X64)分析眼动数据,包括眼跳次数、平均眼跳速度和最大眼跳幅度;使用MATLAB 2019a和IBM SPSS 25对数据开展独立样本T检验分析。
本文研究测量了被试在负重行走中的眼跳次数、平均眼跳速度和最大眼跳幅度。眼跳是一种快速的注视转移,是将网膜的中央窝重新定位到视觉场景中的一个新点上,以此来获得精确而清晰的视觉。眼跳次数是指一定时间内眼跳行为发生的次数或者说注视点之间的转换次数。眼跳速度是指单位眼跳持续时间内眼跳的角度。眼跳幅度(deg)是指一次眼跳起始到终止所覆盖的范围。选取试验开始60 s前后各10 s的眼动参数平均值作为基准来衡量负重行走中的眼动变化情况。眼动参数特征值变化率的计算公式如式(1)所示,t为试验时间。眼动参数特征值变化率包括被试眼跳次数变化率(saccade time, ST)、平均眼跳速度变化率(average saccade speed, SS)、最大眼跳幅度变化率(maximum saccade amplitude, SA)。被试回答量表问题用时约30 s,在其前后1 min被试眼动参数和注视行为会产生波动。去除每次问询前后1 min的眼动数据,保留两次问卷中3 min的眼动数据进行分析。
= t -
对测得的表面肌电信号进行滤波处理,得到较为平缓稳定的表面肌电电位数据。将试验阶段划分为20个阶段,每一阶段为60 s,通过表面肌电时域分析,得到每一阶段对应的积分肌电值,最终取期望值以减小误差。积分肌电值(integral electromyography, iEMG)是指肌电信号图曲线所包络的面积,反映一定时间内人体特定肌肉运动单位的放电量,计算公式为
i E M G = t t + T E M G ( t ) d t
式(2)中:EMG(t)为肌电信号随时间变化的幅度值,μVs;t为时间,s;T为肌电信号测量周期。
本文研究计算了不同工况下被试ST值、SS值、SA值,具体如图4~图6所示。从图4(a)中看出,被试ST值变化规律主要可分为三个阶段:第一阶段0~7 min,ST值在±5%范围内,此时被试处于疲劳过渡期,身体机能的调节适应运动状态;第二阶段8~14 min,被试处于疲劳发展期,ST值出现较为明显的下降,平均下降0.34%~6.67%,特别在a3工况时ST下降显著,分别下降6.67%(工况a3b1)和4.32%(工况a3b2),可以得出ST降低与被试开始发生肌肉疲劳相关,随着负重时间的延长,ST不断下降;第三阶段15~20 min为疲劳调整期,被试眼跳次数频率上升0.6%~2.2%。从图4(b)中看出,随着时间延长,不同时期的ST平均值出现先下降后上升趋势,不同时期的ST存在显著性差异。从图5(a)图6(a)可以看出,负重时间对眼跳速度及眼跳幅度均产生显著影响。SS和SA变化大体可分为两个阶段:第一阶段0~7 min,SS和SA在±5%范围内波动。第二和第三阶段8~20 min,SS和SA持续下降,6种工况的SS平均下降8.83%,SA平均下降5.48%,随着试验时间的延长,眼动参数显著下降。图5(b)图6(b)均表明不同时期的SS和SA平均值均存在显著性差异。结论表明平均眼跳速度与最大眼跳幅度在被试进入负重行走适应状态后呈现不断下降的变化规律,而眼跳次数呈现先下降后稍有回升的趋势。
采用双因素方差开展不同负重方式、不同地面类型对ST、SS、SA的显著性影响分析,结果如表1所示。给定显著性水平 α=0.05,若F>Fc,则认为该因素对试验结果存在显著性影响。地面类型对三种眼动参数均存在显著性影响,说明被试负重行走过程中的眼动参数特征受坡度影响较大;负重方式对ST的显著性影响仅在疲劳调整期,对SS的影响仅存在疲劳过渡期和疲劳发展期;负重方式、地面类型及其交互作用对SA均存在显著性影响。
取0、5、10、15、20 min的表面肌电特征参数和眼动参数实验结果数据的第50分位数,与5次主观评价结果进行相关性分析,采用皮尔逊(Pearson)相关系数进行衡量。主观评价、积分肌电值(iEMG值)、眼动参数三者的皮尔逊相关系数如表2所示。
iEMG与主观评价结果的相关系数均大于0.97,说明iEMG与主观评价结果存在较强的正相关关系,说明主观评价与负重行走时肌肉的疲劳程度。ST、SS与主观评价之间存在负相关关系,随着疲劳程度的增加,眼跳次数和平均眼跳速度均下降。
平地行走工况下,ST与主观评价更相关,平均相关系数为-0.921;下坡和上坡行走工况下,SS与主观评价更相关,平均相关系数分别为-0.920和-0.980。SA与主观评价之间不存在相关关系,iEMG与主观评价之间的相关关系更强(系数为0.986±0.007),同时,iEMG与眼动参数之间存在负相关关系,相关系数为-0.885±0.081,且与SS和SA相关系数(-0.942±0.028、-0.928±0.020)高于ST(-0.782±0.049)。
被试在不同工况条件下上斜方肌iEMG值和主观疲劳评分随时间变化如图7所示,从图7(a)看出,在平地和下坡行走过程中,工况b1对肩部上斜方肌的肌肉负荷较小,肌电信号波动范围(1.325±0.113) μVs、(1.229±0.115) μVs,主观评价评分20.38±6.30、19.87±6.41。在上坡行走过程中,两种负重方式下iEMG值分别为1.329±0.112 μVs、1.482±0.115 μVs,主观评分分别为24.51±8.21、23.67±8.78。以工况a3b2为例,被试iEMG值和主观评分及个体标准差如图7(b)所示,随着试验进程,主观评分个体间差异程度越来越大,iEMG值个体间差异有所降低。工况a3b2下两种双肩负重方式的主观疲劳程度热图如图8所示,工况b1下疲劳程度起初高于工况b2,后呈现快速增长。双肩负重方式下上斜方肌近乎呈现均匀上升的规律,上坡行走过程中工况b2的积分肌电值线性拟合斜率(k=0.0193)相比于工况b1(k =0.0187)大,说明试验过程中高位负重情况下肩部肌肉疲劳增长速度更快,与主观评价中高位双肩负重方式疲劳评分反超低位双肩负重方式疲劳评分相一致,因此在上坡行走过程中采用高位双肩负重方式一段时间后,为避免压肩,应更换为低位双肩负重方式,臀部受力。
iEMG、主观疲劳评分和眼动参数三者变化趋势如图9所示,以工况a3b1为例,主观疲劳评分与iEMG之间增长趋势相近,而眼动参数呈逐步下降趋势。根据以往研究,将主观疲劳评分20分以下定义为未出现疲劳,20~30分定义为轻度疲劳,30分以上定义为中重度疲劳[24]。试验开始5 min,被试达到轻度疲劳水平,15 min达到中重度疲劳水平。对所有数据进行归一化处理,后采用最小二乘法对主观评分、iEMG值和眼动参数进行多元线性回归分析,被试主观评分(Y)与iEMG(X1)、眼动参数(X2:ST,X3:SS,X4:SA)之间线性拟合方程如表4所示。三组曲线拟合的模型系数都满足sig.=0.000,具有统计学意义。三个眼动指标参数与肌电信号,同主观评价的拟合方程见表3第4个公式,其中SS的线性回归系数绝对值最大为0.513,说明SS对主观评分的影响程度最大。
本文研究中尚存几点不足,包括单个单元试验时长为20 min,尚未完全还原应急救援队员长时间负重行走情景;其次,本文研究还需招募现场作业人员参与实验,并增加负重重量,以提升疲劳评价模型的泛化能力;此外,本文研究将提取更高维度的眼动参数,测量多点位的肌电信号,尝试结合面部特征识别等方法建立更加准确的多特征参数疲劳监测模型,实现体力疲劳的监测和预警功能。
针对救援队员负重行走肌肉骨骼疲劳问题,开展了负重行走疲劳诱发实验,并基于主观评价、眼动特征和肌电信号三参数对肌肉疲劳评估发展变化趋势进行定量评价。结果表明基于眼动参数特征变化规律可有效检测被试的疲劳程度值,且设备具备方便携带、不受限于使用者姿态、检测速度快等优势,得到如下结论。
(1)随着负重实验的进行,被试的眼跳次数变化率、平均眼跳速度变化率、最大眼跳幅度变化率总体呈现下降趋势,平均下降6.67%、8.83%和5.48%。
(2)眼动参数与iEMG呈显著负相关关系,其中平均眼跳速度变化率与iEMG相关系数绝对值均在0.912以上。与主观评估得分显著相关的评价指标是iEMG、眼跳次数和平均眼跳速度,相关水平为0.986±0.007、-0.857±0.052和-0.938±0.054。
(3)不同疲劳时期,负重方式和地面类型对眼动参数差异性影响存在差异。地面类型对三种眼动参数均存在显著性影响,负重方式、地面类型及其交互作用对最大眼跳幅度变化率均存在显著性影响。
(4)对比眼动参数、iEMG和主观评估评分,对主观评分、iEMG和眼动参数进行多元线性回归分析。通过结合主观评价、客观测量的手段,为实现负重行走疲劳发展多参数评价新方法提供了基础研究。
  • 北京市自然科学基金(9232023)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405191
  • 接收时间:2024-07-11
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-05-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-11
  • 修回日期:2025-02-27
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北京市自然科学基金(9232023)
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    1. 北京科技大学大安全科学研究院, 北京 100083
    2. 北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院, 北京 100083
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