Article(id=1149769462431265095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404819, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1719417600000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-27, revisedDate=1740499200000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752056001526, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1747497600000, pubDateStr=2025-05-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752056001526, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=1753162357981, onlineFirstDateStr=2025-07-22, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752056001526, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752056001526, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149769458706723113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='14', pageStart='5705', pageEnd='6154', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752056000638, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456798957, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559392753041779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559392753041780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=5815, endPage=5822, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149769462645174601, articleId=1149769462431265095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Optimization Method of General Acidizing for Horizontal Wells in Carbonate Gas Reservoirs, columnId=1156262729003422020, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The general acidification technology of horizontal wells provides a simple and important method of stimulation for carbonate gas reservoirs. The common acidization methods were divided into two major categories: matrix acidification and fracturing acidification. To determine the best stimulation method of horizontal wells between acid fracturing and matrix acidizing, it is significant to achieve the efficient exploitation of reservoirs and optimization of process program. A dimensionless gas production index formula was obtained for horizontal well acidizing in carbonate gas reservoir. Also, a carbonate-acid-stimulation coefficient model was established to optimize the general method of acidification for the horizontal wells in carbonate gas reservoirs. Then, the influence of geological and engineering factors on the acidization increase coefficient was analyzed. Finally, field verification and application were conducted. The conclusions are as follows. When the carbonate-acid-stimulation coefficient RJH>1, the productivity of matrix acidizing wells exceeds that of fractured acidizing wells. When RJH<1, the productivity of fractured acidizing wells is higher compared to matrix acidizing wells. A higher permeability anisotropy coefficient increases, the number of fracturing fractures and the amount of acid fluid, but reduces the carbonate-acid-stimulation coefficient. The increase in porosity and horizontal length lead, to a higher carbonate-acid-stimulation coefficient. When the porosity of the gas reservoir falls below 7.3%, the productivity of the fractured acidizing well is improved. When the length of the horizontal section is 500 m and the number of fracturing fractures exceeds 4, the carbonate-acid-stimulation coefficient RJH<1, and the productivity of the fractured acidizing well is improved. When the total volume of acid solution injected is 600 m3, the productivity of fractured acidizing well reaches a higher level than when the acid-solution volumetric dissolving power X>0.08.As verified in the carbonate reservoirs located in the northeastern Sichuan block, the production increase effect produced by using the carbonate-acid-stimulation coefficient method is significant after process optimization. Therefore, a theoretical guidance is provided in this paper for optimizing the acidification method of horizontal wells in carbonate gas reservoirs.

, correspAuthors=Qin LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hui OUYANG, Qin LI, Xiang-yi YI, Wen-ling CHEN, Xu LIU, Zhao-hui DAI, Guo-qiang LONG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149769506593092255, articleId=1149769462431265095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=碳酸盐岩气藏水平井笼统酸化方式优选方法, columnId=1156262729603207500, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·石油、天然气工业, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

水平井笼统酸化技术是碳酸盐岩气藏简便且重要的改造手段,常用的酸化方式包括基质酸化和压裂酸化两大类。合理选择水平井酸化方式,对高效开采碳酸盐岩气藏和优化工艺方案有重要意义。推导了碳酸盐岩气藏水平井酸化无因次采气指数计算式,建立了利用碳酸盐岩酸化增产系数优选碳酸盐岩气藏水平井笼统酸化方式的方法,分析了地质和工程因素对酸化增产系数的影响规律,并进行了现场验证与应用。研究发现:当碳酸盐岩酸化增产系数RJH>1时,基质酸化井的产能大于压裂酸化井;当RJH<1时,压裂酸化井的产能大于基质酸化井。当气藏渗透率各向异性系数、压裂裂缝数量和酸液用量增大,碳酸盐岩酸化增产系数减小;当气藏孔隙度、水平段长增大,碳酸盐岩酸化增产系数增大。当气藏孔隙度小于7.3%时,压裂酸化井的产能更高;当水平段长为500 m、压裂裂缝数量大于4时,酸化增产系数RJH<1,压裂酸化井的产能更高;当酸液用量为600 m3时,酸液溶解能力X>0.08的情况下,压裂酸化井的产能更高。利用川东北区块碳酸盐岩储层进行验证,结果表明利用增产系数法进行工艺优选后增产效果显著。研究结果为优选碳酸盐岩气藏水平井的酸化方式提供了理论指导。

, correspAuthors=李沁, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*李沁(1985—),男,汉族,四川成都人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:储层改造与提高采收率技术。E-mail:
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欧阳惠(2001—),女,汉族,湖南郴州人,硕士研究生。研究方向:油气田开发工程。E-mail:

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欧阳惠(2001—),女,汉族,湖南郴州人,硕士研究生。研究方向:油气田开发工程。E-mail:

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欧阳惠(2001—),女,汉族,湖南郴州人,硕士研究生。研究方向:油气田开发工程。E-mail:

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re为泄油半径

, figureFileSmall=SGz9h2ejEQelhWeha/JebQ==, figureFileBig=xIkJ/cyddlu0QFTR8f78Xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984469553300277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462431265095, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Matrix acidizing seepage model of horizontal well, figureFileSmall=S2xMsoNTJjRynyGpXDsKZA==, figureFileBig=38OzBUOFFzpp3PNiRbKsNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984469641380662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462431265095, language=CN, label=图2, caption=水平井基质酸化渗流模型, figureFileSmall=S2xMsoNTJjRynyGpXDsKZA==, figureFileBig=38OzBUOFFzpp3PNiRbKsNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984469742043959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462431265095, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Fracturing acidizing seepage model of horizontal well, figureFileSmall=SVOhrfz7kw8WRF9umWoYcQ==, figureFileBig=m4Hz3209TnF48LSnAbBjCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984469859484472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462431265095, language=CN, label=图3, caption=水平井压裂酸化渗流模型

xf为单翼裂缝长度

, figureFileSmall=SVOhrfz7kw8WRF9umWoYcQ==, figureFileBig=m4Hz3209TnF48LSnAbBjCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984470023062329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462431265095, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=The relationship between carbonate-acid-stimulation coefficient (RJH) and porosity, figureFileSmall=wF2YeCNWmnRc9pRl5GLBgA==, figureFileBig=pNRkQSyUdqliAs9BPZ1FSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984470161474362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462431265095, language=CN, label=图4, caption=酸化增产系数(RJH)与孔隙度关系图, figureFileSmall=wF2YeCNWmnRc9pRl5GLBgA==, figureFileBig=pNRkQSyUdqliAs9BPZ1FSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984470337635131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462431265095, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=The relationship between carbonate-acid-stimulation coefficient (RJH) and reservoir thickness, figureFileSmall=r5UPqR7PECgwi87salHbOw==, figureFileBig=rW+IgACqcMrao8KFrmzXjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984470497018684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462431265095, language=CN, label=图5, caption=酸化增产系数(RJH)与储层厚度关系图, figureFileSmall=r5UPqR7PECgwi87salHbOw==, figureFileBig=rW+IgACqcMrao8KFrmzXjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984470618653501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462431265095, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=The relationship between carbonate-acid-stimulation coefficient (RJH) and permeability anisotropy coefficient, figureFileSmall=M9IaCICpmwMIFqB8Dm3Z6A==, figureFileBig=J+Zb34wmY+6fQPncuJvzTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984470702539582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462431265095, language=CN, label=图6, caption=酸化增产系数(RJH)与渗透率各向异性系数关系图, figureFileSmall=M9IaCICpmwMIFqB8Dm3Z6A==, figureFileBig=J+Zb34wmY+6fQPncuJvzTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984470761259839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462431265095, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=The relationship between carbonate-acid-stimulation coefficient (RJH) and embedding intensity, figureFileSmall=QIZ0JiaB5g9qIW48v8ODgw==, figureFileBig=ruNdV1x5R/Nsl0GeooBZaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984470929032000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462431265095, language=CN, label=图7, caption=酸化增产系数(RJH)与嵌入强度关系图, figureFileSmall=QIZ0JiaB5g9qIW48v8ODgw==, figureFileBig=ruNdV1x5R/Nsl0GeooBZaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984471084221249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462431265095, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=The relationship between carbonate-acid-stimulation coefficient (RJH) and fracture number, figureFileSmall=xi8yCNSF4QS8rGzZzBJRvA==, figureFileBig=C7buzfKc1zi+bHjX7iNBPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984471142941506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462431265095, language=CN, label=图8, caption=酸化增产系数(RJH)与裂缝数量关系图, figureFileSmall=xi8yCNSF4QS8rGzZzBJRvA==, figureFileBig=C7buzfKc1zi+bHjX7iNBPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984471197467459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462431265095, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=The relationship between carbonate-acid-stimulation coefficient (RJH) and acid dosage, figureFileSmall=juNiYCk7ngBPS5oYaesMrQ==, figureFileBig=+/drjh77FSvBKSOnPUg8sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984471260382020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462431265095, language=CN, label=图9, caption=酸化增产系数(RJH)与酸液用量关系图, figureFileSmall=juNiYCk7ngBPS5oYaesMrQ==, figureFileBig=+/drjh77FSvBKSOnPUg8sw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984471310713669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462431265095, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=The relationship between carbonate-acid-stimulation coefficient (RJH) and acid-solution volumetric dissolving power, figureFileSmall=JFvGklkxUInRSJEAe8KyuA==, figureFileBig=NxQxFpkqtRDJlDawXHAz5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984471377822534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462431265095, language=CN, label=图10, caption=酸化增产系数(RJH)与酸液溶解能力关系图, figureFileSmall=JFvGklkxUInRSJEAe8KyuA==, figureFileBig=NxQxFpkqtRDJlDawXHAz5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984471461708615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462431265095, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Comparison of carbonate-acid-stimulation coefficient between P5 well and P2 well, figureFileSmall=gT4ibDeqmEiEBi5L7hh61w==, figureFileBig=x0mhG+LvTmntnPx5gqYRzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984471549789000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462431265095, language=CN, label=图11, caption=P5井和P2井酸化增产系数对比图, figureFileSmall=gT4ibDeqmEiEBi5L7hh61w==, figureFileBig=x0mhG+LvTmntnPx5gqYRzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984471604314953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462431265095, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Fracturing acidizing operation curve of P5 well, figureFileSmall=q5/R0INpg2P+8pRRFC/XTQ==, figureFileBig=5zV20UlqlNmRZH2I18516A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984471663035210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462431265095, language=CN, label=图12, caption=P5井压裂酸化施工曲线, figureFileSmall=q5/R0INpg2P+8pRRFC/XTQ==, figureFileBig=5zV20UlqlNmRZH2I18516A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984471772087115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462431265095, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Fracturing acidizing operation curve of P2 well, figureFileSmall=+/KGH7KEGVq6QVFs3QdkhA==, figureFileBig=AA6fHz9ulUhDIES7YUbI6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984471822418764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462431265095, language=CN, label=图13, caption=P2井压裂酸化施工曲线, figureFileSmall=+/KGH7KEGVq6QVFs3QdkhA==, figureFileBig=AA6fHz9ulUhDIES7YUbI6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984471864361805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462431265095, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Carbonate-acid-stimulation coefficient calculation parameters

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参数名称 数值
孔隙度/% 10
压裂裂缝数量/(条·m-1) 4
嵌入强度/MPa 534
井筒半径/m 0.107 9
酸液用量/m3 500
储层厚度/m 50
渗透率各向异性系数 2
渗透率/mD 5
水平段长/m 500
酸液体积溶解能力 0.082
), ArticleFig(id=1172984471939859278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462431265095, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

碳酸盐岩酸化增产系数计算参数设置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数名称 数值
孔隙度/% 10
压裂裂缝数量/(条·m-1) 4
嵌入强度/MPa 534
井筒半径/m 0.107 9
酸液用量/m3 500
储层厚度/m 50
渗透率各向异性系数 2
渗透率/mD 5
水平段长/m 500
酸液体积溶解能力 0.082
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碳酸盐岩气藏水平井笼统酸化方式优选方法
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欧阳惠 , 李沁 * , 伊向艺 , 陈文玲 , 刘旭 , 代朝辉 , 龙国强
科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025,25(14): 5815-5822
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025, 25(14): 5815-5822
碳酸盐岩气藏水平井笼统酸化方式优选方法
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欧阳惠 , 李沁* , 伊向艺, 陈文玲, 刘旭, 代朝辉, 龙国强
作者信息
  • 成都理工大学能源学院, 成都 610000
  • 欧阳惠(2001—),女,汉族,湖南郴州人,硕士研究生。研究方向:油气田开发工程。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*李沁(1985—),男,汉族,四川成都人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:储层改造与提高采收率技术。E-mail:
Optimization Method of General Acidizing for Horizontal Wells in Carbonate Gas Reservoirs
Hui OUYANG , Qin LI* , Xiang-yi YI, Wen-ling CHEN, Xu LIU, Zhao-hui DAI, Guo-qiang LONG
Affiliations
  • College of Energy, Chengdu University of Science and Technology, Chengdu 610000, China
出版时间: 2025-05-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404819
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水平井笼统酸化技术是碳酸盐岩气藏简便且重要的改造手段,常用的酸化方式包括基质酸化和压裂酸化两大类。合理选择水平井酸化方式,对高效开采碳酸盐岩气藏和优化工艺方案有重要意义。推导了碳酸盐岩气藏水平井酸化无因次采气指数计算式,建立了利用碳酸盐岩酸化增产系数优选碳酸盐岩气藏水平井笼统酸化方式的方法,分析了地质和工程因素对酸化增产系数的影响规律,并进行了现场验证与应用。研究发现:当碳酸盐岩酸化增产系数RJH>1时,基质酸化井的产能大于压裂酸化井;当RJH<1时,压裂酸化井的产能大于基质酸化井。当气藏渗透率各向异性系数、压裂裂缝数量和酸液用量增大,碳酸盐岩酸化增产系数减小;当气藏孔隙度、水平段长增大,碳酸盐岩酸化增产系数增大。当气藏孔隙度小于7.3%时,压裂酸化井的产能更高;当水平段长为500 m、压裂裂缝数量大于4时,酸化增产系数RJH<1,压裂酸化井的产能更高;当酸液用量为600 m3时,酸液溶解能力X>0.08的情况下,压裂酸化井的产能更高。利用川东北区块碳酸盐岩储层进行验证,结果表明利用增产系数法进行工艺优选后增产效果显著。研究结果为优选碳酸盐岩气藏水平井的酸化方式提供了理论指导。

碳酸盐岩气藏  /  水平井  /  工艺优选  /  酸化增产系数

The general acidification technology of horizontal wells provides a simple and important method of stimulation for carbonate gas reservoirs. The common acidization methods were divided into two major categories: matrix acidification and fracturing acidification. To determine the best stimulation method of horizontal wells between acid fracturing and matrix acidizing, it is significant to achieve the efficient exploitation of reservoirs and optimization of process program. A dimensionless gas production index formula was obtained for horizontal well acidizing in carbonate gas reservoir. Also, a carbonate-acid-stimulation coefficient model was established to optimize the general method of acidification for the horizontal wells in carbonate gas reservoirs. Then, the influence of geological and engineering factors on the acidization increase coefficient was analyzed. Finally, field verification and application were conducted. The conclusions are as follows. When the carbonate-acid-stimulation coefficient RJH>1, the productivity of matrix acidizing wells exceeds that of fractured acidizing wells. When RJH<1, the productivity of fractured acidizing wells is higher compared to matrix acidizing wells. A higher permeability anisotropy coefficient increases, the number of fracturing fractures and the amount of acid fluid, but reduces the carbonate-acid-stimulation coefficient. The increase in porosity and horizontal length lead, to a higher carbonate-acid-stimulation coefficient. When the porosity of the gas reservoir falls below 7.3%, the productivity of the fractured acidizing well is improved. When the length of the horizontal section is 500 m and the number of fracturing fractures exceeds 4, the carbonate-acid-stimulation coefficient RJH<1, and the productivity of the fractured acidizing well is improved. When the total volume of acid solution injected is 600 m3, the productivity of fractured acidizing well reaches a higher level than when the acid-solution volumetric dissolving power X>0.08.As verified in the carbonate reservoirs located in the northeastern Sichuan block, the production increase effect produced by using the carbonate-acid-stimulation coefficient method is significant after process optimization. Therefore, a theoretical guidance is provided in this paper for optimizing the acidification method of horizontal wells in carbonate gas reservoirs.

carbonate gas reservoirs  /  horizontal wells  /  process optimization  /  carbonate-acid-stimulation coefficient
欧阳惠, 李沁, 伊向艺, 陈文玲, 刘旭, 代朝辉, 龙国强. 碳酸盐岩气藏水平井笼统酸化方式优选方法. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (14) : 5815 -5822 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404819
Hui OUYANG, Qin LI, Xiang-yi YI, Wen-ling CHEN, Xu LIU, Zhao-hui DAI, Guo-qiang LONG. Optimization Method of General Acidizing for Horizontal Wells in Carbonate Gas Reservoirs[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (14) : 5815 -5822 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404819
中国天然气浅层勘探已达瓶颈,未来勘探开发方向主要以深层为主,中国南方深层多为碳酸盐岩地层[1],因此,碳酸盐岩气藏是中国天然气开发的重点领域,“十三五”期间在中国陆上勘探突破了20个天然气资源潜力带,其中有9个是碳酸盐岩区带[2]。碳酸盐岩气藏一般具有储层物性差、非均质性强、埋藏深、高温、高压和高含硫化氢等特点,水平井酸化是碳酸盐岩气藏的重要增产手段,其增产方式通常可分为基质酸化和压裂酸化两种[3-5]。基质酸化通常以溶蚀、解堵、穿透等作用方式,提高近井筒地带储层渗透率,达到增产效果[6];压裂酸化则采用造缝、沟通、刻蚀、穿透等作用方式,提高近井及远井储层渗透率,并形成高导流人工裂缝[7],达到增产目的。在不同碳酸盐岩气藏特征下,两种酸化方式改造的效果必然不同。因此,建立一套碳酸盐岩气藏酸化方式优选方法,有助于指导酸化工艺方案设计,提高改造效果,优化增产成本。
针对碳酸盐岩储层的增产方式优选,有学者利用室内实验、数值模拟、现场案例分析等方法对比了酸化和水力压裂的增产效果。Ben-Naceur等[8]和Abass等[9]采用数值模拟和实验的方法对比了酸液和水力压裂处理后岩心的导流能力,但是对于基质酸化和酸化压裂之间的选择,并没有提出明确的优选方法。Jeon等[10]和Oliveira等[11]利用室内实验与现场实例相结合的方法阐释了基质酸化和水力压裂之间的增产机理区别以及两者在深层碳酸盐岩增产应用中的适用性,但优选方法尚不明确。此外,也有学者提出针对不同的碳酸盐岩储层类型,可采用不同的增产方法。苏镖等[12]提出针对中—高渗透孔隙型储层,以解除近井筒污染、全井筒均匀布酸为目标,采用转向酸化技术。针对低渗透储层,文献[13-15]提出,以增加气层泄流面积为目标,采用精准分段酸压技术;苟申延等[16]认为三级交替注入酸压工艺能有效提高气藏产能。刘飞等[17]采用产能模拟方法,根据储层品质优选“一段一策”的针对性酸压改造工艺。史文洋等[18]建立了低渗透裂缝型碳酸盐岩酸压气井渗流模型,得出了气井酸压增大改造范围比增大改造程度更重要的结论。王永辉等[19]提出对于缝洞发育的储层,改造工艺采用酸化、小型酸压或大规模深穿透酸压;仅裂缝较为发育的储层,改造工艺采用大规模酸压或大液量、低砂浓度加砂压裂;缝洞不发育的基质型储层,应依据储层孔渗条件,决定是否改造。刘庆等[20]提出对于漏失量大、缝洞发育的地层,普通酸化压裂技术便能达到目标;天然裂缝较发育的地层,应采取大排量酸化或振荡酸压;缝洞不发育地层,应采用深度酸压。Daneshy等[21]提到一般的碳酸盐岩储层改造方法的选择依据是在渗透率低于20 mD的储层中采用酸化压裂,但是他们没有给出这个值的选择来源。现有的碳酸盐岩气藏的酸化工艺选择方法只停留在定性分析的阶段,仍存在优选方法不明确、优选参数不统一的问题。
因此,为明确碳酸盐岩气藏水平井的酸化工艺,将工艺选择标准定量化,现依据封闭边界气藏水平井拟稳态渗流理论,推导笼统基质酸化和笼统压裂酸化的采气指数计算式。建立碳酸盐岩气藏水平井笼统酸化方式优选的碳酸盐岩酸化增产系数计算方法,计算分析地质工程因素对碳酸盐岩酸化增产系数的影响规律,并进行现场应用。
Palharini等[22]提出使用拟稳态下的油井无因次产能指数进行比较基质酸化和酸化压裂的改造效果,本文在此基础上建立气井产能指数模型。
实际气藏的边界是比较复杂的,为了研究方便,假定水平井段井筒内壁摩擦、沿程流体流入及流量加速度等产生的压降可以忽略。
设水平段长为L的水平气井位于气层厚度为h的等厚均质气藏的中部,气藏顶、底边界不渗透,水平方向为无限延伸,其水平及垂向渗透率分别为kHkV,气体单相渗流,符合达西定律,井眼半径为rw,其简化的渗流物理模型如图1所示。
根据气体地下稳定渗流物理理论及水平井三维渗流特征,即可建立水平气井的无因次采气指数计算式为
J D = q Δ ψ r e s e r v o i r 774.6 k h T μ Z = T μ Z 774.6 k h J = 1 l n r e r   w + S
式(1)中:JD为无量纲采气指数;q为产量,m3/d;ΔΨreservoir为储层压降;k为储层渗透率,mD;h为储层厚度,m;T为储层温度,K;μ为采出流体平均黏度,mPa· s;Z为气体偏差系数;J为采气指数(qΨreservoir);re为泄油半径,m;r'w为等效半径,m;S为表皮系数。
基于前文和Babu等[23]建立的水平井产能模型,并结合Joshi[24]提出的引入渗透率各向异性系数的水平井产能模型,充分考虑蚓孔扩展的影响,建立碳酸盐岩气藏水平井基质酸化采气指数模型如图2所示。
J D H , m a , m a x = L h I a i n l n h I a i n r w + π a 6 h I a i n - 1.838 + s m a
式(2)中:JDH,ma,max为水平井基质酸化理论最大无因次采气指数,无量纲;L为水平段长,m;Iani为渗透率各向异性系数, I a n i = k V / k H ,其中,kVkH分别为水平渗透率和垂直渗透率;rw为井筒半径,m;a为垂直于井筒方向的储层厚度,m;Sma为表皮系数,无量纲。
S m a = - l n 1 I a i n + 1 r w h r w + r w h r w 2 + I a i n 2 - 1
式(3)中:rwh为蚓孔区域的等效半径,m。
假设地层为均质地层,采用笼统酸化进行压裂酸化,根据径向流动模型的拟稳态产能方程,压裂酸化后的等效半径可以用压裂裂缝的单翼长度[25]来代替,物理模型如图3所示。
x f = 0.304   8 2 A π k 59.407   2 χ f A e V A ( 1 - ϕ ) h N 2.47 1 2.47 + 1
式(4)中:xf为单翼裂缝长度,m;A为关于围压的递减指数函数,mD·m·m-2.47;k为渗透率,mD;χ为酸液体积溶解能力,无量纲;fAe为酸蚀裂缝的酸液消耗分数,无量纲;VA为酸液用量,m3;ϕ为孔隙度;N为压裂裂缝数量,无量纲。
关于围压的递减指数函数A由式(5)确定。
A = 1.476 × 10 7 exp [ 1.45 e 7 ( 25.39 1.3 ln S RES ) σ c ] ,         S RES < 13.8 MPa A = 1.476 × 10 7 exp [ 1.45 e 7 ( 6.27 0.28 ln S RES ) σ c ] ,         S RES > 13.8 MPa
式(5)中:SRES为岩石嵌入强度,Pa;σ'c为有效围压,通常指实验室中的岩心外部压力,Pa。
酸液消耗分数fAe是储层渗透率的函数,它在很大程度上取决于地层破裂压力与原始地层压力。
f A e m i n { 0.85,3.072   5 - 0.069 l n [ k ( σ h , m i n - p i ) 2 ] }
式(6)中:σh,min为最小水平应力,Pa;pi为原始地层压力,Pa。
将压裂裂缝的单翼长度作为等效半径代入式(1)得
J D H , a f , m a x = 2 N l n 16 r e 0.165 N C A ( λ ) 2 A π k 59.407   2 χ f A e V A ( 1 - ϕ ) h N 2.47 1 2.47 + 1 + s c
式(7)中:JDH,af,max为水平井压裂酸化理论最大无因次采气指数,无量纲;re为泄油半径,m;CA(λ)为形状因子,无量纲,本文假设泄油区域为圆形,形状因子取31.6;sc为压裂酸化的表皮系数,无量纲。
压裂酸化的表皮系数为
s c = 2 h π x f l n h 2 r w - π 2
定义基质酸化与压裂酸化无因次采气指数的比值为碳酸盐岩酸化增产系数(RJH)。
R J H = J D H , m a , m a x J D H , a f , m a x = l n 16 r e 0.165 N C A ( λ ) 2 A π k 59.407   2 χ f A e V A ( 1 - ϕ ) h N 2.47 1 2.47 + 1 + s c 2 N h I a n i L l n h I a i n r w + π a 6 h I a i n - 1.838 + s m a
RJH>1时,基质酸化的产能指数大于压裂酸化,此时应选择基质酸化进行增产改造;当RJH<1时,压裂酸化的产能指数大于基质酸化,此时应选择压裂酸化进行增产改造。当RJH=1时,采用基质酸化和压裂酸化获得的增产效果相同。
根据式(9)分析可知,碳酸盐岩酸化增产系数的影响因素包括地质因素:储层孔隙度、储层厚度、渗透率各向异性系数、岩石嵌入强度,和工程因素:裂缝数量、水平段长、酸液用量、酸液体积溶解能力。通过控制单一变量对酸化增产系数的影响因素进行详细分析,并分析其对工艺选择的影响,基础参数设置如表1所示。
随着储层孔隙度的逐渐增大,碳酸盐岩酸化增产系数会逐渐减小(图4),储层采用压裂酸化能够获得更好的效果。随着储层渗透率的逐渐增大,碳酸盐岩酸化增产系数会逐渐增大,采用基质酸化能够获得更好的效果。
但根据Warren等[26]的研究,储层渗透率和孔隙度存在一定的关系,当储层渗透率为3 mD时,根据Warren公式计算的储层孔隙度为7.3%。
当渗透率小于3 mD、孔隙度小于7.3%时,根据Warren公式计算储层孔隙度下的酸化增产系数RJH<1,采用压裂酸化比基质酸化能够获得更高的产能。当渗透率大于3 mD、孔隙度大于7.3%时,对应储层孔隙度下的RJH>1,采用基质酸化比压裂酸化能够获得更高的产能。
随着储层厚度的增大,碳酸盐岩酸化增产系数逐渐增大,但增幅很小(图5),储层厚度对酸化增产系数的影响较小。
随着渗透率各向异性系数的增加,碳酸盐岩酸化增产系数逐渐减小(图6),采用压裂酸化改造工艺效果较好。
当渗透率各向异性系数大于2时,酸化增产系数RJH<1,采用压裂酸化比基质酸化能够获得更高的产能。当渗透率各向异性系数小于2时,酸化增产系数RJH>1,采用基质酸化比压裂酸化能够获得更高的产能。
随着嵌入强度的增加,碳酸盐岩酸化增产系数逐渐减小(图7),采用压裂酸化改造工艺效果较好。当岩石嵌入强度大于592 MPa时,酸化增产系数RJH<1,采用压裂酸化比基质酸化能够获得更高的产能。
随着水平段长的增大,碳酸盐岩酸化增产系数逐渐增大(图8),采用基质酸化改造工艺效果较好。当水平井段采用笼统酸化时,在一定的酸液用量下,水平总段长过长会导致单位长度上酸液不足,采用酸化压裂无法获得足够长的缝长,使得酸化压裂的效果并不理想,所以在酸液用量一定的情况下,水平总段长越长,趋向于选择基质酸化进行储层改造。
随着压裂裂缝数量的增加,碳酸盐岩酸化增产系数逐渐减小,采用压裂酸化改造工艺效果较好。
当水平段长为500 m、压裂裂缝数量大于4时,酸化增产系数RJH<1,采用压裂酸化比基质酸化能够获得更高的产能。当水平段长为800 m、压裂裂缝数量大于12时,酸化增产系数RJH<1,采用压裂酸化比基质酸化能够获得更高的产能。
随着酸液用量的逐渐增大,碳酸盐岩酸化增产系数会逐渐减小,但减幅会逐渐降低(图9),酸化改造工艺会逐渐趋向于选择压裂酸化。
因为基质酸化能够改造的储层范围比较有限,所以当酸液用量足够时,压裂酸化的改造效果会更好,能够获得足够长的导流裂缝,较大程度的改善油气向井内流动的渗流面积,这就导致了碳酸盐岩酸化增产系数会逐渐减小。
当裂缝数量为4时,酸液用量大于570 m3的情况下,酸化增产系数RJH<1,采用压裂酸化比基质酸化能够获得更高的产能。当裂缝数量为6时,酸液用量大于250 m3的情况下,酸化增产系数RJH<1,采用压裂酸化比基质酸化能够获得更高的产能。
随着酸液溶解能力的逐渐增大,碳酸盐岩酸化增产系数会逐渐减小(图10),酸化改造工艺会逐渐趋向于选择压裂酸化。
当酸液用量为400 m3时,酸液溶解能力X>0.092的情况下,酸化增产系数RJH<1,采用压裂酸化比基质酸化能够获得更高的产能。当酸液用量为600 m3时,酸液溶解能力X>0.08的情况下,酸化增产系数RJH<1,采用压裂酸化比基质酸化能够获得更高的产能。
川东北铁山坡区块飞仙关组碳酸盐岩储层平均孔隙度6.44%,平均渗透率8.66 mD;钻井储层厚度在28.12~234.00 m,平均109.96 m;平均温度87 ℃,压力48 MPa;工区储层厚度大、物性好,具有一定的非均质性。据此,铁山坡飞仙关气藏现有增产改造的基本思路是:针对区块优质储层,在生产过程中不能逐步解除污染的井,推荐采用转向酸酸化工艺,恢复单井产能;针对区块中等品质储层,推荐采用暂堵转向酸压工艺,均匀改造储层,恢复或提高单井产能;针对低品质储层,推荐采用分段酸压工艺,有效提高酸蚀裂缝长度,提高单井产能。
若采用本文方法,对川东北铁山坡区块P5井和P2井进行酸化工艺优选,结果如图11所示。
P5井的平均渗透率为8.66 mD,对应图版中的碳酸盐岩酸化增产系数RJH=1.33,即采用基质酸化获得的产能是压裂酸化的1.33倍,所以采用本文所述工艺优选方法推荐采用基质酸化进行施工改造。
P2井的平均渗透率为8.66 mD,对应图版中的碳酸盐岩酸化增产系数RJH=0.96,即采用压裂酸化会比基质酸化获得更高的产能,所以采用本文所述工艺优选方法推荐采用压裂酸化进行施工改造。
根据上述结果对P5井实施基质酸化改造,施工曲线如图12所示,施工段长为1 039.0 m,施工规模为500.0 m3,其中,转向剂加量4.0%的转向酸240.0 m3,转向剂加量5.0%的转向酸260.0 m3。施工改造后,表皮系数从20降至-4左右,达到了解除伤害目的。
P2井实施压裂酸化改造后,施工曲线如图13所示。酸液进入地层空间后,发生反应、滤失并产生了压力降落幅度,一方面反映了地层信息,另一方面说明了酸化的效果:压降幅度大,表明地层条件好,沟通或溶蚀效果好。
经过储层酸化/酸压改造后,P5井测试产量达到了62.76×104 m3/d,P2井测试产量达到了105.83×104 m3/d,增产效果显著,说明利用碳酸盐岩酸化增产系数进行酸化工艺优选,可以有效指导现场施工。
(1)推导了碳酸盐岩气藏水平井无因次采气指数计算式,建立了优选酸化工艺的碳酸盐岩酸化增产系数(RJH)计算式,利用碳酸盐岩酸化增产系数可优选酸化工艺。
(2)当RJH>1时,采用基质酸化的改造效果优于压裂酸化;当RJH<1时,采用压裂酸化的改造效果优于基质酸化。
(3)研究了不同地质因素对酸化增产系数的影响:随着渗透率各向异性系数和岩石嵌入强度的增大,酸化增产系数逐渐减小;随着储层渗透率和厚度的增大,酸化增产系数逐渐增大,但储层厚度对增产系数的影响很小;当储层孔隙度小于7.3%时,采用压裂酸化能够获得更高的产能,当储层孔隙度大于7.3%时,采用基质酸化能够获得更高的产能。
(4)研究了不同工程因素对酸化增产系数的影响:随着水平段长的增大,酸化增产系数逐渐增大;随着压裂裂缝数量、酸液用量和酸液溶解能力的增大,酸化增产系数逐渐减小。
(5)利用川东北飞仙关组碳酸盐岩储层进行实例验证,证明碳酸盐岩酸化增产系数法优选酸化工艺效果较好,能够有效解除污染、沟通储层,达到增产的目的。
  • 国家自然科学基金(U20A20265)
参考文献 引证文献
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2025年第25卷第14期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404819
  • 接收时间:2024-06-27
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-05-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-27
  • 修回日期:2025-02-26
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国家自然科学基金(U20A20265)
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    成都理工大学能源学院, 成都 610000

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*李沁(1985—),男,汉族,四川成都人,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:储层改造与提高采收率技术。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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