Article(id=1149769462288663506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406347, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724342400000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-23, revisedDate=1740672000000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752056001493, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1747497600000, pubDateStr=2025-05-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752056001493, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752056001493, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752056001493, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149769458706723113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='14', pageStart='5705', pageEnd='6154', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752056000638, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456798957, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559392753041779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559392753041780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=5767, endPage=5779, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149769462636790742, articleId=1149769462288663506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Depositional Characteristics and Influencing Factors of the Fan Delta in the Yageliemu Formation of the Yakela Faulted-Convex Area, Tarim Basin, columnId=1156262729351549255, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Astronomy and Geosciences, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In recent years, important progress has been made in the lithologic trap exploration of the Lower Cretaceous Yageliemu Formation in the Yakela fault convex and its surrounding areas in the Tarim Basin, in order to clarify the sedimentary facies distribution law of the clastic rock reservoir of Yageliemu Formation in this area, and promote the efficient exploration and development of the clastic rock reservoir. Based on an integrated analysis of core samples, well logging data, and 3D seismic surveys, the sedimentary facies types and spatial distribution patterns of the Cretaceous Yageliemu Formation in the Yakela fault convex and its surrounding areas in the Tarim Basin were investigated. Furthermore, under the framework of source-to-sink system theory, the controlling effects of source area characteristics on fan delta development were systematically examined. The results show that fan delta group deposits are developed in the Yageliemu Formation in the Yakela fault convex and its surrounding areas. During the deposition period of the Yageliemu Formation, the ancient uplift in the Yakela fault convex area was obviously segmented, with a banded uplift in the NEE direction, with two bulges in the east and west, and a low terrain in the middle. Based on the analysis of source-sink system, it is clear that the sediment source of the fan delta group is from the weathered denudation area of the ancient uplift, and the multi-branch ancient gullies provide sediment transport channels for the fan delta Group. It can be seen that paleogeomorphology and gully development characteristics control the sour-sink system of Yageliemu formation in the Yakela fault convex and its surrounding areas, forming a sedimentary pattern with multiple sources supply. The western ancient uplift is mainly characterized by high uplift and large gully area,the eastern section is mainly characterized by low uplift and small gully area. The development scale of gullies in provenance area controlled the distribution scale of deltaic sediments around ancient uplift. The gentle slope fan delta sedimentary system developed in the south of the ancient uplift, and the steep slope and gentle slope fan delta sedimentary system developed in the north. The analysis of source-sink system reduces the uncertainty of sedimentary facies study of Yageliemu Formation and can provide more geological basis for oil and gas exploration.

, correspAuthors=Li ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Lu-ying MENG, Li ZHANG, Hong-ping LIU, Xiao-long BI, Qin-chao YANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149769508715413747, articleId=1149769462288663506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸及周缘亚格列木组扇三角洲群沉积特征及影响因素, columnId=1156262730077163858, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·天文学、地球科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=近年塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸及周缘地区下白垩统亚格列木组岩性圈闭勘探取得重要进展,为了明确该区亚格列木组碎屑岩储层沉积相展布规律,促进碎屑岩储层的高效勘探开发。通过利用岩心、测井、三维地震等资料的方法,研究了塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸及周缘地区白垩系亚格列木组沉积相类型及空间展布特征,以源汇理论为指导分析物源区特征对扇三角洲的发育的控制作用。结果表明:雅克拉断凸及周缘地区亚格列木组发育扇三角洲群沉积。在亚格列木组沉积时期,雅克拉断凸地区的古隆起具有明显的分段性,呈北东东向的条带状隆起,呈现东、西两个凸起,中部地势低的特征。基于源-汇体系分析,明确扇三角洲群沉积物源来自古隆起风化剥蚀区域,多支古沟谷为扇三角洲群沉积提供了沉积物输送通道。可见古地貌、沟谷发育特征等控制着雅克拉断凸及周缘地区亚格列木组源-汇体系,形成多物源供给的沉积格局,古隆起西段主要表现为高隆起、沟谷面积较大;东段主要表现为低隆起、沟谷面积较小。物源区沟谷的发育规模控制了古隆起周缘三角洲沉积展布规模。古隆起以南发育缓坡型扇三角洲沉积体系,以北发育陡坡型和缓坡型扇三角洲沉积体系。源-汇体系分析降低了亚格列木组沉积相研究的不确定性,可以为油气勘探提供更多地质依据。, correspAuthors=张莉, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*张莉(1988—),女,汉族,山东聊城人,博士,副教授。研究方向:碎屑岩沉积学、储层地质学及油气田开发地质学。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=EIMv41J8HoF2Wdngr0gIPg==, magXml=wAPF8p076mN2YgiwOheyHg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Ra9aMJeOu8STBm6BR+QH6g==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=hWNGtQoADrEcWCNPQUTJcA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

孟璐莹(1998—),女,汉族,河南三门峡人,硕士研究生。研究方向:碎屑岩沉积学。E-mail:

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孟璐莹(1998—),女,汉族,河南三门峡人,硕士研究生。研究方向:碎屑岩沉积学。E-mail:

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孟璐莹(1998—),女,汉族,河南三门峡人,硕士研究生。研究方向:碎屑岩沉积学。E-mail:

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language=CN, label=图8, caption=过YT1井-DH2井东西向连井沉积相剖面, figureFileSmall=p51fGWOp2qXKkbBf1oQkaQ==, figureFileBig=dB/CHzifqtcfbJ+EmNt2mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172853533532631633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462288663506, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=RMS attribute map of Cretaceous Yageliemu Formation in Yakela fault bulge and its surrounding areas in Tarim Basin, figureFileSmall=yprjCszueohLe3njLY1QEg==, figureFileBig=guO8TIm4macDqNA3LTYiOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172853533591351890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462288663506, language=CN, label=图9, caption=塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸及周缘地区白垩系亚格列木组RMS属性图, figureFileSmall=yprjCszueohLe3njLY1QEg==, figureFileBig=guO8TIm4macDqNA3LTYiOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172853533641683539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462288663506, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Sand-land ratio map of Cretaceous Yageliemu Formation in Yakela fault convex and its surrounding area, Tarim Basin, figureFileSmall=d3fdddoJlM8StHKJl1Btvw==, figureFileBig=2nyjqFSBQ0OU+NIB9kVaGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172853533687820884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462288663506, language=CN, label=图10, caption=塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸及周缘地区白垩系亚格列木组砂地比图, figureFileSmall=d3fdddoJlM8StHKJl1Btvw==, figureFileBig=2nyjqFSBQ0OU+NIB9kVaGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172853533738152533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462288663506, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Sedimentary facies map of Cretaceous Yageliemu Formation in Yakela fault convex and its surrounding area, Tarim Basin, figureFileSmall=GQ0Xcer8H8sJxEFs+a/zbg==, figureFileBig=hf84958S5L5EgZL2VOm10A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172853533780095574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462288663506, language=CN, label=图11, caption=塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸及周缘地区白垩系亚格列木组沉积相图, figureFileSmall=GQ0Xcer8H8sJxEFs+a/zbg==, figureFileBig=hf84958S5L5EgZL2VOm10A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172853533838815831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462288663506, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Plane distribution map of gully and valley in source area of Yageliemu Formation in Yakela fault convex and its surrounding area,Tarim Basin, figureFileSmall=UA5LxWvT0ogmYWwRMZ14Tg==, figureFileBig=QMCHaB+OlOaI1okwsLk9Vw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172853533889147480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462288663506, language=CN, label=图12, caption=塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸及周缘地区亚格列木组源区沟谷平面分布图, figureFileSmall=UA5LxWvT0ogmYWwRMZ14Tg==, figureFileBig=QMCHaB+OlOaI1okwsLk9Vw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172853533939479129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462288663506, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=The 3D seismic section of Yageliemu Formation in the Yakela fault convex and its surrounding areas, figureFileSmall=8Pm0wL6jdy3YrtbpgO0gFw==, figureFileBig=I65vfcjU5/dlLICyUcx9Zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172853533994005082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462288663506, language=CN, label=图13, caption=雅克拉断凸及周缘地区亚格列木组三维区地震剖面

显示沟谷剖面发育特征,T32界面为白垩系界面,T50界面为三叠系底不整合面;具体剖面线位置如图10所示

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塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸及周缘亚格列木组扇三角洲群沉积特征及影响因素
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孟璐莹 , 张莉 * , 刘洪平 , 毕小龙 , 杨沁超
科学技术与工程 | 论文·天文学、地球科学 2025,25(14): 5767-5779
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·天文学、地球科学 2025, 25(14): 5767-5779
塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸及周缘亚格列木组扇三角洲群沉积特征及影响因素
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孟璐莹 , 张莉* , 刘洪平, 毕小龙, 杨沁超
作者信息
  • 长江大学地球科学学院, 武汉 430100
  • 孟璐莹(1998—),女,汉族,河南三门峡人,硕士研究生。研究方向:碎屑岩沉积学。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*张莉(1988—),女,汉族,山东聊城人,博士,副教授。研究方向:碎屑岩沉积学、储层地质学及油气田开发地质学。E-mail:
Depositional Characteristics and Influencing Factors of the Fan Delta in the Yageliemu Formation of the Yakela Faulted-Convex Area, Tarim Basin
Lu-ying MENG , Li ZHANG* , Hong-ping LIU, Xiao-long BI, Qin-chao YANG
Affiliations
  • School of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
出版时间: 2025-05-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406347
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近年塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸及周缘地区下白垩统亚格列木组岩性圈闭勘探取得重要进展,为了明确该区亚格列木组碎屑岩储层沉积相展布规律,促进碎屑岩储层的高效勘探开发。通过利用岩心、测井、三维地震等资料的方法,研究了塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸及周缘地区白垩系亚格列木组沉积相类型及空间展布特征,以源汇理论为指导分析物源区特征对扇三角洲的发育的控制作用。结果表明:雅克拉断凸及周缘地区亚格列木组发育扇三角洲群沉积。在亚格列木组沉积时期,雅克拉断凸地区的古隆起具有明显的分段性,呈北东东向的条带状隆起,呈现东、西两个凸起,中部地势低的特征。基于源-汇体系分析,明确扇三角洲群沉积物源来自古隆起风化剥蚀区域,多支古沟谷为扇三角洲群沉积提供了沉积物输送通道。可见古地貌、沟谷发育特征等控制着雅克拉断凸及周缘地区亚格列木组源-汇体系,形成多物源供给的沉积格局,古隆起西段主要表现为高隆起、沟谷面积较大;东段主要表现为低隆起、沟谷面积较小。物源区沟谷的发育规模控制了古隆起周缘三角洲沉积展布规模。古隆起以南发育缓坡型扇三角洲沉积体系,以北发育陡坡型和缓坡型扇三角洲沉积体系。源-汇体系分析降低了亚格列木组沉积相研究的不确定性,可以为油气勘探提供更多地质依据。
沉积特征  /  扇三角洲群  /  源-汇体系分析  /  亚格列木组  /  雅克拉断凸

In recent years, important progress has been made in the lithologic trap exploration of the Lower Cretaceous Yageliemu Formation in the Yakela fault convex and its surrounding areas in the Tarim Basin, in order to clarify the sedimentary facies distribution law of the clastic rock reservoir of Yageliemu Formation in this area, and promote the efficient exploration and development of the clastic rock reservoir. Based on an integrated analysis of core samples, well logging data, and 3D seismic surveys, the sedimentary facies types and spatial distribution patterns of the Cretaceous Yageliemu Formation in the Yakela fault convex and its surrounding areas in the Tarim Basin were investigated. Furthermore, under the framework of source-to-sink system theory, the controlling effects of source area characteristics on fan delta development were systematically examined. The results show that fan delta group deposits are developed in the Yageliemu Formation in the Yakela fault convex and its surrounding areas. During the deposition period of the Yageliemu Formation, the ancient uplift in the Yakela fault convex area was obviously segmented, with a banded uplift in the NEE direction, with two bulges in the east and west, and a low terrain in the middle. Based on the analysis of source-sink system, it is clear that the sediment source of the fan delta group is from the weathered denudation area of the ancient uplift, and the multi-branch ancient gullies provide sediment transport channels for the fan delta Group. It can be seen that paleogeomorphology and gully development characteristics control the sour-sink system of Yageliemu formation in the Yakela fault convex and its surrounding areas, forming a sedimentary pattern with multiple sources supply. The western ancient uplift is mainly characterized by high uplift and large gully area,the eastern section is mainly characterized by low uplift and small gully area. The development scale of gullies in provenance area controlled the distribution scale of deltaic sediments around ancient uplift. The gentle slope fan delta sedimentary system developed in the south of the ancient uplift, and the steep slope and gentle slope fan delta sedimentary system developed in the north. The analysis of source-sink system reduces the uncertainty of sedimentary facies study of Yageliemu Formation and can provide more geological basis for oil and gas exploration.

sedimentary characteristics  /  fan delta group  /  source-sink system  /  Yageliemu formation  /  Yakela fault convex
孟璐莹, 张莉, 刘洪平, 毕小龙, 杨沁超. 塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸及周缘亚格列木组扇三角洲群沉积特征及影响因素. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (14) : 5767 -5779 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406347
Lu-ying MENG, Li ZHANG, Hong-ping LIU, Xiao-long BI, Qin-chao YANG. Depositional Characteristics and Influencing Factors of the Fan Delta in the Yageliemu Formation of the Yakela Faulted-Convex Area, Tarim Basin[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (14) : 5767 -5779 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406347
塔里木盆地塔北地区白垩系是重要的含油气层系[1-2],该地区隐蔽岩性油藏是重要的勘探新目标[3]。近年塔北沙雅隆起雅克拉断凸及周缘地区下白垩统亚格列木组岩性圈闭勘探取得了重要进展,揭示出亚格列木组具有良好的勘探潜力。然而,受复杂的构造演化和沉积过程影响,目前针对雅克拉断凸及周缘地区亚格列木组砂体成因及分布模式的认识仍不够明确,导致该区岩性油藏的勘探落实面临很大的不确定性。梳理前人研究发现,塔北雅克拉断凸及周缘地区在白垩系亚格列木组沉积期,发育东西向延伸的古隆起[4],是亚格列木组重要的沉积物源,古隆起与周缘沉积形成了一个较大规模的源-汇系统。
源-汇系统是一个沉积学领域的重要概念,相关研究强调沉积物从源到汇的搬运过程,可以为含油气盆地沉积体系展布预测提供重要的理论依据[5-7]。近年已成为含油气盆地沉积学研究中不可忽视的重要前沿研究课题[8-10]。目前雅克拉断凸及周缘地区在白垩系仍处于勘探早期阶段,探井数量较少,传统沉积相编图研究方法十分受限,若充分利用研究区三维地震资料,重视古隆起的发育特征,引入源-汇体系分析新思路,则可以为砂体的分布预测提供依据,同时降低岩性圈闭勘探的不确定性。
因此,现以源汇理论为指导,通过取心井的岩心观察、三维地震资料解释,首先开展雅克拉断凸及周缘地区亚格列木组沉积微相特征识别;然后利用井震结合开展亚格列木组沉积相展布规律分析。基于源-汇沉积过程分析源汇系统发育特征以及内部的差异,总结源汇体系内部特征差异对扇三角洲群分布控制作用规律。源汇分析可以降低雅克拉断凸及周缘白垩系亚格列木组沉积相研究的不确定性,以期为岩性圈闭勘探提供理论依据。
研究区雅克拉断凸及周缘地区位于塔里木盆地的北部,构造上位于沙雅隆起的北部,北邻库车坳陷,南接哈拉哈塘凹陷和阿克库勒凸起。雅克拉断凸是在沙雅—轮台断裂与亚南断裂两条边界大断裂控制长期隆升发育的继承性隆起。
雅克拉断凸构造演化共分为4个时期[11-12],早古生代为凸起雏形发育期,塔北地区进入挤压期,开始发育轮台逆冲断裂,断凸逐渐隆升;晚古生代末期为凸起定形期,即石炭纪末-早二叠世期间,塔北地区挤压作用达到顶峰,牙哈和轮台等主干断裂再次逆冲,凸起强烈隆升;中生代为凸起萎缩期,即三叠纪—早白垩世期间,挤压后应力松弛,塔北地区接受沉积,凸起逐渐消失;新生代以来的凸起塌陷消亡期,整个隆起演化为库车再生前陆盆地南侧的北倾斜坡,凸起进一步埋藏和沉降[13]
本文研究目的层白垩系亚格列木组沉积时期,雅克拉断凸处于萎缩期,白垩系地层在古隆起周缘大面积沉积。白垩系亚格列木组岩性以砾岩、含砾粗砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩为主。白垩系亚格列木组与下伏地层为角度不整合接触。根据前人研究,亚格列木组主要发育扇三角洲-湖泊沉积相[14]
塔北地区白垩系是近年来岩性圈闭勘探的重点地区。近年研究区新部署探井在白垩系亚格列木组发现了新的油气储层[15-16],表明亚格列木组具有较好的油气成藏条件。由于研究区地质条件复杂,目前针对亚格列木组储层沉积相展布规律方面的认识仍不够深入。
本文研究对象为雅克拉断凸及周缘地区钻井岩心、测井曲线和三维地震数据。本研究以岩心、测井曲线和三维地震资料(4 400 km2)为基础,对亚格列木组进行了详细的岩心描述,以便于识别和解释沉积相。为了识别其他没有岩心的井中的沉积相,使用了测井曲线来识别沉积微相。此外,利用基于三维地震资料对三维地震资料覆盖区进行了振幅属性提取,进行砂岩分布的预测。在井震结合研究的协助下,通过测井相、地震属性、砂岩等厚图和砂地比图描述了亚格列木组沉积相带的平面分布。在此基础上,结合源汇系统分析,通过对古隆起区沟谷体系刻画,对比古隆起东部和西部不同段古地形差异以及古隆起南北两侧古地形差异,讨论源汇系统内部差异对三角洲沉积分布控制作用规律。
根据研究区亚格列木组取心分析,在雅克拉断凸周缘地区识别出了典型的扇三角洲沉积相。
在扇三角洲平原,主要发育分流河道和分流河道间沉积微相(图2)。分流河道主要发育块状层理、低角度交错层理含砾粗砂岩[图2(a)]和含砾中砂岩[图2(b)]。砾石的分选、磨圆度较差[图2(c)],沿层发育[图2(d)],体现较强的水动力条件。分流河道间以砂质泥岩沉积为主。
在扇三角洲前缘,主要发育水下分流河道、河口坝、间湾沉积微相(图3)。水下分流河道主要发育交错层理含砾粗砂岩[图3(a)]和含砾中砂岩[图3(b)],河口坝主要发育块状层理的细砂岩[图3(c)],间湾沉积以泥岩沉积为主[图3(d)]。
在岩心沉积解释基础上,结合测井曲线开展砂体的单井沉积微相解释。分流河道砂体发育正韵律,曲线呈钟型或箱型,垂向可存在多期叠置,可形成厚层砂体。以DH3井为例(图4),分流河道砂体,测井曲线为钟型或箱型。分流河道上部一般沉积物粒度较细,体现分流河道在洪水期水动力较强,以粗粒沉积为主,在洪水间歇期沉积水动力逐渐减弱的过程。
河口坝砂体发育重复反韵律(图5),曲线呈漏斗型,构成加积型沉积序列,可形成厚层砂体,与分流河道砂体互层。在三角洲前缘河口区,入湖河流携带大量沉积物卸载堆积,形成了河口砂坝。在远源方向以细粒沉积为主,靠近河口区位置发育粗粒沉积物,三角洲入湖推进后形成了反韵律沉积结构。
为进一步明确古隆起周缘扇三角洲展布规律,在单井沉积解释基础上,选取垂直于古隆起延伸方向以及沿古隆起延伸方向的井震结合对比剖面进行分析。
剖面显示亚格列木组三角洲砂体的展布主要分布在古隆起两侧,在垂直于古隆起延伸方向的近南北向剖面上(图6图7),古隆起以北扇体延伸距离较近,古隆起以南地形坡度较北部更为平缓,扇体延伸距离更远。在沿古隆起延伸方向的近东西向剖面上(图8),可见不同位置,扇三角洲发育的规模具有差异。西部扇三角洲砂体规模大,向东部砂体规模减小。
在单井相和剖面沉积相认识基础上,根据钻井资料和三维地震资料,预测古隆起周缘亚格列木组沉积相展布特征。首先根据单井层序划分和三维地震层序界面解释追踪(白垩系亚格列木组底界面 T 4 0和舒善河组底界面 T 3 4约束),利用残余厚度分析方法[17-18]结合井震剖面验证落实,识别了雅克拉断凸及周缘地区白垩系古隆起的边界。在此基础上,提取了白垩系亚格列木组均方根振幅属性,根据钻井解释和井间振幅属性分布,对扇三角洲砂砾岩体分布范围进行了初步的预测。扇三角洲沿着古隆起的南部和北部呈现环绕式分布格局。
结合钻井资料,绘制了亚格列木组砂地比平面展布图(图10)。靠近古隆起区域,砂地比较高,数值最大可达0.9以上,远离古隆起地区砂地比减小。砂地比等值线分布表明,研究区雅克拉断凸周缘地区存在多个沉积供给路径,沉积物沿着多个沉积供给路径由向周缘地区搬运沉积,形成了多个独立的、局部分布的砂体沉积中心。
结合沉积相解释,细化了沉积相带边界,落实了沿古隆起分布的扇三角洲群分布。
亚格列木组沉积期,雅克拉断凸地区发育古隆起供源的扇三角洲群。古隆起风化剥蚀产生的碎屑沉积物经过短距离输送,沿古隆起周缘呈朵叶状分布,发育近岸的扇三角洲沉积体系。
在古隆起北侧,东西两侧发育13个扇三角洲,发育规模较小,扇体的轴向为北西—南东向分布;中部发育的缓坡型扇三角洲展布规模较大,扇体的轴向为南北向分布,中部扇体与东西侧扇体相比,展布范围较大,砂体规模较大。在古隆起南侧,均匀地分布着17个缓坡型扇三角洲,与北侧相比,展布规模较大。南侧西部扇体的轴向为北西—南东向,中部扇体的轴向近南北向,东部扇体的轴向为北东—西南向。
通过上述井震结合的沉积研究,本文研究基本明确了东西向延伸的古隆起控制的雅克拉断凸及周缘白垩系亚格列木组扇三角洲群的分布。在研究过程中发现扇三角洲群的发育受控于古隆起剥蚀区的沉积物搬运路径,这些搬运路径即物源区沟谷这些古沟谷在古隆起区广泛发育,为古隆起南北两侧的扇三角洲沉积提供了沉积物输送通道,将物源区与沉积区联系起来,形成了源汇系统。
利用古隆起区的三维地震剖面,结合古地貌特征,可以识别出沟谷的发育特征[19-20]。这些在地震剖面上呈现出同向轴局部下凹地层加厚并呈现透镜状反射的特征,在平面上,这些沟谷为弱弯曲条带状(图13)。物源区沟谷形态复杂,整体呈汇聚态势进入古隆起周缘沉积区。古隆起不同部位,沟谷的发育特征存在差异。总体上来看,雅克拉古隆起西段主要为高隆起、沟谷面积较大;东段主要为低隆起、沟谷面积较小(图12)。
沟谷的发育规模对古隆起周缘三角洲沉积展布规模有一定的控制作用[21-24]。整体来看,古隆起西部沟谷规模较大,在其下游沉积区发育了若干个较大规模的扇三角洲沉积,如古隆起西南缘地区的扇三角洲。局部来看,不同的扇三角洲朵叶体规模差异也可以与上游物源区沟谷的差异建立联系。以新和地区为例,XH3井地区上游的物源沟谷体系流域面积较小,沉积区扇体规模较小。相比较而言,位于X1井地区上游的沟谷体系面积广阔,沉积区扇体规模较大。
在古隆起展布形态特征分析过程中发现,古隆起南北两侧地形差异明显。整体表现为南缓、北陡的特点;进一步分析可见古隆起南侧表现为东段缓坡、西段略陡,中段为过渡;北侧表现为东段陡坡、西段断坡、中段为过渡。
通过对古隆起物源区南北两侧地形差异以及相对应的沉积区三角洲沉积的差异联合分析,发现古隆起南北两侧地形差异也控制了沉积体系的分布格局。为进一步明确研究区近源扇三角洲源-汇体系沉积模式。通过井震结合的沉积剖面以及沉积相平面图可以看到,位于古隆起北部的东西两侧陡坡带扇体延伸范围较小,单一扇体厚度较大,发育陡坡型扇三角洲;雅克拉断凸以南整体坡度较小,单一扇体厚度较小,发育缓坡型扇三角洲,扇体延伸距离更远。
通过对比沉积区南北两侧不同地形坡度取心井发现,陡坡型扇三角洲沉积粒度明显比缓坡型扇三角洲沉积物粒度大。在古隆区物源区以北,XH3井[图15(a)]主要发育陡坡型扇三角洲,分流河道砂体厚度大,测井曲线为钟型或箱型,沉积物岩性以砾岩为主;DG2井[图15(b)]和DH4井[图15(c)]发育缓坡型扇三角洲,沉积物岩性以含砾中砂岩和中砂岩为主,粒度明显比XH3井小。
受地形坡度差异影响,坡度越小,扇体延伸范围越大,相应的沉积物粒度随延伸距离变大而减小。在古隆起物源区以南,DH3井[图15(d)]发育扇三角洲平原亚相,分流河道砂体厚度大,测井曲线为钟型或箱型,沉积物主要以含砾砂岩为主;Y4井[图15(e)]和S15井[图15(f)]发育扇三角洲前缘亚相,沉积物卸载堆积,形成了河口砂坝,曲线呈箱型—漏斗型,沉积物粒度明显变小,其中S15井沉积物粒度小于Y4井。对比古隆起南北两侧同类型的扇三角洲也可发现,坡度小的单一扇体,延伸距离相对较大,且扇体远端的沉积物粒度较小。
从以上分析来看,古地貌、物源区沟谷等源-汇体系要素控制着雅克拉断凸及周缘地区亚格列木组沉积格局。通过源—汇体系分析,增加了沉积相编图的考量要素,降低了沉积相研究的不确定性,因此源汇体系分析对亚格列木组沉积体系的分布预测具有重要的控制作用,同时可以为岩性圈闭油气勘探提供更多的地质依据。
(1)雅克拉断凸及周缘地区白垩系亚格列木组发育扇三角洲沉积,沉积物主要来源于雅克拉断凸的风化剥蚀区域,碎屑沉积物经由古隆起的古沟谷搬运后,汇入古隆起南北两侧的斜坡带,形成围绕古隆起发育的扇三角洲群。
(2)雅克拉断凸古隆起呈北东东向展布具明显的分段性,呈现东、西两个凸起,中部地势较低。整体表现为南缓、北陡的特点。古隆起发育沟谷,沟通了剥蚀区和沉积区形成源汇系统。古沟谷在古隆起西段主要表现为高隆起、沟谷分布面积较大;东段主要表现为低隆起、沟谷分布面积较小。
(3)通过物源区沟谷发育特征与沉积区扇三角洲对比分析发现,沟谷的发育规模对古隆起周缘三角洲沉积展布规模有一定的控制作用,古隆起西部沟谷规模较大,在其下游沉积区发育了若干个较大规模的扇三角洲沉积。
(4)古隆起南北两侧地形差异也控制了沉积体系的分布格局,位于古隆起北部的东西两侧陡坡带扇体延伸范围较小,单一扇体厚度较大,发育陡坡型扇三角洲;雅克拉断凸以南整体坡度较小,单一扇体厚度较小,发育缓坡型扇三角洲,扇体延伸距离更远。
(5)通过源-汇体系分析,可以增加区域沉积相编图理论依据,降低了沉积相研究的不确定性,有利于沉积相分布的精准预测,可以为岩性圈闭油气勘探提供更多的地质依据。
  • 国家自然科学基金(41902122)
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2025年第25卷第14期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406347
  • 接收时间:2024-08-23
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-05-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-23
  • 修回日期:2025-02-28
基金
国家自然科学基金(41902122)
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    长江大学地球科学学院, 武汉 430100

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*张莉(1988—),女,汉族,山东聊城人,博士,副教授。研究方向:碎屑岩沉积学、储层地质学及油气田开发地质学。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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