Article(id=1149769462037005262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404442, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718294400000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-14, revisedDate=1740412800000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752056001432, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1747497600000, pubDateStr=2025-05-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752056001432, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752056001432, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752056001432, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149769458706723113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='14', pageStart='5705', pageEnd='6154', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752056000638, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456798957, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559392753041779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559392753041780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=6136, endPage=6145, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149769462271886289, articleId=1149769462037005262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=The Influence of Smoke Exhaust Power of Tunnel Opposite Jet on the Phenomenon of Inhalation and Penetration, columnId=1156262729993277777, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Environmental and Safe Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Utilizing the PyroSim numerical simulation method, a comprehensive study was conducted to investigate the mechanism of the smoke pull-through phenomenon in a top-central exhaust system under conditions of counter-flowing jets, with a focus on the effects of various exhaust powers. Changes in smoke layer thickness, temperature distribution, and airflow velocity within tunnels were investigated under conditions of enhanced exhaust efficiency. Critical exhaust efficiency thresholds associated with smoke pull-through phenomena were identified across varying heat release rates of fire sources. Furthermore, the critical Froude number for smoke pull-through in centralized exhaust systems was established under counter-flowing jet conditions, along with the critical exhaust rate coefficient required to prevent such occurrences. The findings revealed that as the exhaust power increased, the exhaust port R3, located farthest from the fire source, was the first to experience smoke pull-through, followed by R2, while R1 remained unaffected. An increase in the heat release rate of the fire source led to a corresponding rise in the critical exhaust power threshold for smoke pull-through. A moderate increase in exhaust power could improve exhaust performance; however, exceeding a specific critical value would trigger smoke pull-through, thereby reducing exhaust efficiency. At heat release rates of 20 MW, 30 MW, and 50 MW, the critical exhaust powers were identified as 80 m3/s, 100 m3/s, and 150 m3/s, respectively, with optimal exhaust powers of 50 m3/s, 70 m3/s, and 110 m3/s. Furthermore, the critical Froude number for smoke pull-through was determined to be 35, and the critical exhaust rate coefficient was 0.8.These findings provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the design of exhaust systems, enhancing efficiency, and promoting energy conservation.

, correspAuthors=Yong-dong WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yun-fei HOU, Yong-dong WANG, Bo-xiang QIAO, Xing-hao LAN, Yu-tong REN, Yuan-yuan CHEN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149769495046177250, articleId=1149769462037005262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=隧道相向射流排烟功率对吸穿现象的影响, columnId=1156262730140078420, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·环境科学、安全科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

采用PyroSim数值模拟方法系统研究不同排烟功率对相向射流条件下顶部集中排烟系统吸穿现象的作用机理。深入分析了排烟效率提升对隧道内烟气层厚度、温度分布以及气流速度的变化规律。研究确定了对于不同火源热释放率下吸穿现象发生的临界排烟效率,给出相向射流条件下集中排烟发生吸穿现象的临界Froude数和预防吸穿现象发生的临界排烟速率系数。研究结果表明:随排烟功率增加,远离火源的排烟口R3率先发生吸穿现象,继而排烟口R2也发生吸穿,而R1未受影响,火源热释放率的增大导致发生吸穿现象的临界排烟功率相应增大。适度提升排烟功率可以提升排烟效果,但排烟功率超过特定临界值将发生吸穿现象,使排烟效率降低。在20、30、50 MW火源热释放率下,临界排烟功率分别为80 、100 、150 m3/s,最佳排烟功率分别为50 、70、110 m3/s。同时,确定了发生吸穿的临界Froude值为35,临界排烟速率系数为0.8。研究结果为优化排烟系统设计、提升效率和节能提供理论依据。

, correspAuthors=王永东, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*王永东(1974—),男,汉族,湖北鄂州人,博士,教授。研究方向:隧道通风与防灾救灾。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=ShogJ0iG9RgnCR3NurSA3Q==, magXml=duyFCslm4I6CEOzRB6ymHw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=YwSW8/RGoo5LsoTt2yc1qw==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=MPdkp28AomAOOQIV8rjHjw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

侯云飞(2000—),男,汉族,河南济源人,硕士研究生。研究方向:隧道通风。E-mail:

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侯云飞(2000—),男,汉族,河南济源人,硕士研究生。研究方向:隧道通风。E-mail:

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侯云飞(2000—),男,汉族,河南济源人,硕士研究生。研究方向:隧道通风。E-mail:

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Technicalstandard for smoke control systems in buildings: GB 51251—2017[S]. Beijing: China Planning Press, 2018., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1172984350741245988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462037005262, awardId=2017Z4, language=CN, fundingSource=河南省交通运输厅科技项目(2017Z4), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1172984350804160549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462037005262, awardId=300102214902, language=CN, fundingSource=中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(300102214902), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1172984350854492198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462037005262, awardId=22-50K, language=CN, fundingSource=陕西省交通运输科技项目(22-50K), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1172984346043626464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462037005262, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172984346056209377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462037005262, companyId=1172984346043626464, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Highway, Chang’an University, Xi'an 710064, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172984346060403682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462037005262, companyId=1172984346043626464, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=长安大学公路学院, 西安 710064)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1172984348786700298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462037005262, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Layout of smoke exhaust outlets, figureFileSmall=J7hbX0WYaZEdOK1SUv8hEw==, figureFileBig=lxtoSyy6YPRnKu9nIalH9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984348862197771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462037005262, language=CN, label=图1, caption=排烟口布置图, figureFileSmall=J7hbX0WYaZEdOK1SUv8hEw==, figureFileBig=lxtoSyy6YPRnKu9nIalH9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984348908335116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462037005262, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Smoke exhaust outlet size and monitoring equipment layout, figureFileSmall=LMXnUiv7s6xoyuGpsRQXdg==, figureFileBig=+8DP2d6MeR4UlAaypzmNbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984348967055373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462037005262, language=CN, label=图2, caption=排烟口尺寸及监测设备布置图

L为创建的模型排烟口之间的间距

, figureFileSmall=LMXnUiv7s6xoyuGpsRQXdg==, figureFileBig=+8DP2d6MeR4UlAaypzmNbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984349029969934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462037005262, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=The interface height of the flue gas layer below the smoke exhaust outlet, figureFileSmall=ypZlztJy0H39FFpu/0wNSw==, figureFileBig=Ly0/0vfPd4pgSZbDq9+2ww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984349122244623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462037005262, language=CN, label=图3, caption=排烟口下方烟气层界面高度, figureFileSmall=ypZlztJy0H39FFpu/0wNSw==, figureFileBig=Ly0/0vfPd4pgSZbDq9+2ww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984349185159184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462037005262, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Temperature distribution in the tunnel, figureFileSmall=BSBvJqR2UVIW6UlPAfF9LA==, figureFileBig=Jecla9s9DK6zC4iRdHppcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984349260656657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462037005262, language=CN, label=图4, caption=隧道内温度分布情况, figureFileSmall=BSBvJqR2UVIW6UlPAfF9LA==, figureFileBig=Jecla9s9DK6zC4iRdHppcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984349365514258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462037005262, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Variation of temperature ratio ( T i / T r e f) at measurement points beneath exhaust vent R1, figureFileSmall=gYoyOWFkrFFwSMiKbQTIRg==, figureFileBig=6lk/bv6W/wlVrsOl9tlb0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984349453594643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462037005262, language=CN, label=图5, caption=排烟口R1下方监测点的 T i / T r e f变化曲线, figureFileSmall=gYoyOWFkrFFwSMiKbQTIRg==, figureFileBig=6lk/bv6W/wlVrsOl9tlb0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984349533286420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462037005262, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Variation of temperature ratio ( T i / T r e f) at measurement points beneath exhaust vent R2, figureFileSmall=iMMICqWelPQN8i9cEbvhsw==, figureFileBig=KYJ3AEnzUuRjtt//G4TZrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984349638144021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462037005262, language=CN, label=图6, caption=排烟口R2下方监测点的 T i / T r e f变化曲线, figureFileSmall=iMMICqWelPQN8i9cEbvhsw==, figureFileBig=KYJ3AEnzUuRjtt//G4TZrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984349709447190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462037005262, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Variation of temperature ratio ( T i / T r e f) at measurement points beneath exhaust vent R3, figureFileSmall=3KbXDEOZbB4raOgtl6qRdA==, figureFileBig=Rpd0FdEtknLqBSeiCtj0Mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984349768167447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462037005262, language=CN, label=图7, caption=排烟口R3下方监测点的 T i / T r e f变化曲线, figureFileSmall=3KbXDEOZbB4raOgtl6qRdA==, figureFileBig=Rpd0FdEtknLqBSeiCtj0Mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984349826887704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462037005262, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Gas velocity of each smoke exhaust outlet under different axial fan exhaust powers, figureFileSmall=uW93NFT5K1ibj5XoH29HkA==, figureFileBig=4YuQGch+K9zHBHeezv/Iyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984349881413657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462037005262, language=CN, label=图8, caption=各排烟口在不同轴流风机排烟功率下的气体流速, figureFileSmall=uW93NFT5K1ibj5XoH29HkA==, figureFileBig=4YuQGch+K9zHBHeezv/Iyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984349940133914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462037005262, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Variation of smoke exhaust efficiency with smoke exhaust power, figureFileSmall=yf4y3CRsjpN9UK1N3PopYg==, figureFileBig=dvAP2OKWsr6ldiJhPpRhkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984350011437083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462037005262, language=CN, label=图9, caption=排烟效率随排烟功率变化图, figureFileSmall=yf4y3CRsjpN9UK1N3PopYg==, figureFileBig=dvAP2OKWsr6ldiJhPpRhkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984350086934556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462037005262, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Simulated working conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

火源功
率/MW
排烟功率/
(m3·s-1)

火源功
率/MW
排烟功率/
(m3·s-1)

火源功
率/MW
排烟功率/
(m3·s-1)
1 50 15 50 29 50
2 60 16 60 30 60
3 70 17 70 31 70
4 80 18 80 32 80
5 90 19 90 33 90
6 100 20 100 34 100
7 20 110 21 30 110 35 50 110
8 120 22 120 36 120
9 130 23 130 37 130
10 140 24 140 38 140
11 150 25 150 39 150
12 160 26 160 40 160
13 170 27 170 41 170
14 180 28 180 42 180
), ArticleFig(id=1172984350175014941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462037005262, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

模拟工况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

火源功
率/MW
排烟功率/
(m3·s-1)

火源功
率/MW
排烟功率/
(m3·s-1)

火源功
率/MW
排烟功率/
(m3·s-1)
1 50 15 50 29 50
2 60 16 60 30 60
3 70 17 70 31 70
4 80 18 80 32 80
5 90 19 90 33 90
6 100 20 100 34 100
7 20 110 21 30 110 35 50 110
8 120 22 120 36 120
9 130 23 130 37 130
10 140 24 140 38 140
11 150 25 150 39 150
12 160 26 160 40 160
13 170 27 170 41 170
14 180 28 180 42 180
), ArticleFig(id=1172984350267289630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462037005262, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Critical smoke exhaust power of each downstream smoke exhaust outlet

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
排烟口 不同排烟口下的排烟功率/(m3·s-1)
20 MW 30 MW 50 MW
R1
R2 100 160 170
R3 80 100 150
), ArticleFig(id=1172984350359564319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462037005262, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

下游各排烟口吸穿临界排烟功率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
排烟口 不同排烟口下的排烟功率/(m3·s-1)
20 MW 30 MW 50 MW
R1
R2 100 160 170
R3 80 100 150
), ArticleFig(id=1172984350435061792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462037005262, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Critical Froude numbers at each smoke exhaust outlet

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

临界Froude数
临界Froude数
排烟口
R1
排烟口
R2
排烟口
R3
排烟口
R1
排烟口
R2
排烟口
R3
1 0.96 11.03 28.04 22 3.16 13.06
2 0.88 13.01 27.75 23 4.37 23.48
3 1.78 15.37 31.19 24 4.32 30.71
4 3.42 25.56 1 025.13 25 5.76 31.50
5 4.20 13.38 26 5.12 7 665.87
6 3.63 5 060.76 27 5.94
7 5.05 28 8.56
8 5.22 29 2.90 1.20 1.12
9 7.10 30 2.31 1.04 1.73
10 6.57 31 1.61 1.11 14.78
11 9.54 32 2.36 18.26 27.03
12 10.56 33 2.33 12.13 19.48
13 14.95 34 2.68 21.87 26.99
14 18.83 35 3.65 5.75 34.63
15 0.90 8.53 15.92 36 1.80 6.37 27.12
16 0.94 7.12 22.58 37 2.58 4.19 22.81
17 0.89 9.36 31.23 38 2.27 7.74 24.92
18 2.48 12.08 33.98 39 2.64 11.32 2 175.76
19 2.28 15.51 34.81 40 2.58 4.66
20 2.32 18.19 3 676.28 41 2.90 6 074.31
21 3.35 25.55 42 2.89
), ArticleFig(id=1172984350502170657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462037005262, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各排烟口处的临界Froude数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

临界Froude数
临界Froude数
排烟口
R1
排烟口
R2
排烟口
R3
排烟口
R1
排烟口
R2
排烟口
R3
1 0.96 11.03 28.04 22 3.16 13.06
2 0.88 13.01 27.75 23 4.37 23.48
3 1.78 15.37 31.19 24 4.32 30.71
4 3.42 25.56 1 025.13 25 5.76 31.50
5 4.20 13.38 26 5.12 7 665.87
6 3.63 5 060.76 27 5.94
7 5.05 28 8.56
8 5.22 29 2.90 1.20 1.12
9 7.10 30 2.31 1.04 1.73
10 6.57 31 1.61 1.11 14.78
11 9.54 32 2.36 18.26 27.03
12 10.56 33 2.33 12.13 19.48
13 14.95 34 2.68 21.87 26.99
14 18.83 35 3.65 5.75 34.63
15 0.90 8.53 15.92 36 1.80 6.37 27.12
16 0.94 7.12 22.58 37 2.58 4.19 22.81
17 0.89 9.36 31.23 38 2.27 7.74 24.92
18 2.48 12.08 33.98 39 2.64 11.32 2 175.76
19 2.28 15.51 34.81 40 2.58 4.66
20 2.32 18.19 3 676.28 41 2.90 6 074.31
21 3.35 25.55 42 2.89
), ArticleFig(id=1172984350569279522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462037005262, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Critical smoke exhaust rate coefficients of each smoke exhaust outlet

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 系数 k 工况 系数 k
排烟口R1 排烟口R2 排烟口R3 排烟口R1 排烟口R2 排烟口R3
1 0.008 0.121 0.706 22 0.067 0.321
2 0.010 0.233 0.732 23 0.087 0.583
3 0.026 0.244 0.717 24 0.096 0.634
4 0.045 0.421 24.031 25 0.112 0.780
5 0.060 0.316 26 0.118 188.177
6 0.074 121.246 27 0.134
7 0.089 28 0.215
8 0.110 29 0.006 0.181 0.263
9 0.141 30 0.008 0.250 0.328
10 0.146 31 0.010 0.257 0.491
11 0.185 32 0.015 0.384 0.538
12 0.242 33 0.016 0.119 0.580
13 0.336 34 0.024 0.145 0.763
14 0.472 35 0.033 0.163 0.786
15 0.007 0.094 0.401 36 0.037 0.198 0.796
16 0.010 0.127 0.478 37 0.048 0.262 0.662
17 0.013 0.148 0.717 38 0.057 0.332 0.645
18 0.033 0.199 0.797 39 0.086 0.408 51.94
19 0.032 0.224 0.785 40 0.103 0.594
20 0.047 0.436 325.425 41 0.125 149.58
21 0.059 0.629 42 0.248
), ArticleFig(id=1172984350623805475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769462037005262, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各排烟口的临界排烟速率系数 k

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 系数 k 工况 系数 k
排烟口R1 排烟口R2 排烟口R3 排烟口R1 排烟口R2 排烟口R3
1 0.008 0.121 0.706 22 0.067 0.321
2 0.010 0.233 0.732 23 0.087 0.583
3 0.026 0.244 0.717 24 0.096 0.634
4 0.045 0.421 24.031 25 0.112 0.780
5 0.060 0.316 26 0.118 188.177
6 0.074 121.246 27 0.134
7 0.089 28 0.215
8 0.110 29 0.006 0.181 0.263
9 0.141 30 0.008 0.250 0.328
10 0.146 31 0.010 0.257 0.491
11 0.185 32 0.015 0.384 0.538
12 0.242 33 0.016 0.119 0.580
13 0.336 34 0.024 0.145 0.763
14 0.472 35 0.033 0.163 0.786
15 0.007 0.094 0.401 36 0.037 0.198 0.796
16 0.010 0.127 0.478 37 0.048 0.262 0.662
17 0.013 0.148 0.717 38 0.057 0.332 0.645
18 0.033 0.199 0.797 39 0.086 0.408 51.94
19 0.032 0.224 0.785 40 0.103 0.594
20 0.047 0.436 325.425 41 0.125 149.58
21 0.059 0.629 42 0.248
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隧道相向射流排烟功率对吸穿现象的影响
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侯云飞 , 王永东 * , 乔博翔 , 兰兴昊 , 任雨桐 , 陈媛媛
科学技术与工程 | 论文·环境科学、安全科学 2025,25(14): 6136-6145
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·环境科学、安全科学 2025, 25(14): 6136-6145
隧道相向射流排烟功率对吸穿现象的影响
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侯云飞 , 王永东* , 乔博翔, 兰兴昊, 任雨桐, 陈媛媛
作者信息
  • 长安大学公路学院, 西安 710064
  • 侯云飞(2000—),男,汉族,河南济源人,硕士研究生。研究方向:隧道通风。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*王永东(1974—),男,汉族,湖北鄂州人,博士,教授。研究方向:隧道通风与防灾救灾。E-mail:
The Influence of Smoke Exhaust Power of Tunnel Opposite Jet on the Phenomenon of Inhalation and Penetration
Yun-fei HOU , Yong-dong WANG* , Bo-xiang QIAO, Xing-hao LAN, Yu-tong REN, Yuan-yuan CHEN
Affiliations
  • School of Highway, Chang’an University, Xi'an 710064, China
出版时间: 2025-05-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404442
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采用PyroSim数值模拟方法系统研究不同排烟功率对相向射流条件下顶部集中排烟系统吸穿现象的作用机理。深入分析了排烟效率提升对隧道内烟气层厚度、温度分布以及气流速度的变化规律。研究确定了对于不同火源热释放率下吸穿现象发生的临界排烟效率,给出相向射流条件下集中排烟发生吸穿现象的临界Froude数和预防吸穿现象发生的临界排烟速率系数。研究结果表明:随排烟功率增加,远离火源的排烟口R3率先发生吸穿现象,继而排烟口R2也发生吸穿,而R1未受影响,火源热释放率的增大导致发生吸穿现象的临界排烟功率相应增大。适度提升排烟功率可以提升排烟效果,但排烟功率超过特定临界值将发生吸穿现象,使排烟效率降低。在20、30、50 MW火源热释放率下,临界排烟功率分别为80 、100 、150 m3/s,最佳排烟功率分别为50 、70、110 m3/s。同时,确定了发生吸穿的临界Froude值为35,临界排烟速率系数为0.8。研究结果为优化排烟系统设计、提升效率和节能提供理论依据。

隧道火灾  /  相向射流  /  排烟功率  /  吸穿现象  /  数值模拟

Utilizing the PyroSim numerical simulation method, a comprehensive study was conducted to investigate the mechanism of the smoke pull-through phenomenon in a top-central exhaust system under conditions of counter-flowing jets, with a focus on the effects of various exhaust powers. Changes in smoke layer thickness, temperature distribution, and airflow velocity within tunnels were investigated under conditions of enhanced exhaust efficiency. Critical exhaust efficiency thresholds associated with smoke pull-through phenomena were identified across varying heat release rates of fire sources. Furthermore, the critical Froude number for smoke pull-through in centralized exhaust systems was established under counter-flowing jet conditions, along with the critical exhaust rate coefficient required to prevent such occurrences. The findings revealed that as the exhaust power increased, the exhaust port R3, located farthest from the fire source, was the first to experience smoke pull-through, followed by R2, while R1 remained unaffected. An increase in the heat release rate of the fire source led to a corresponding rise in the critical exhaust power threshold for smoke pull-through. A moderate increase in exhaust power could improve exhaust performance; however, exceeding a specific critical value would trigger smoke pull-through, thereby reducing exhaust efficiency. At heat release rates of 20 MW, 30 MW, and 50 MW, the critical exhaust powers were identified as 80 m3/s, 100 m3/s, and 150 m3/s, respectively, with optimal exhaust powers of 50 m3/s, 70 m3/s, and 110 m3/s. Furthermore, the critical Froude number for smoke pull-through was determined to be 35, and the critical exhaust rate coefficient was 0.8.These findings provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the design of exhaust systems, enhancing efficiency, and promoting energy conservation.

tunnel fires  /  opposite jets  /  smoke exhaust power  /  suction and break-through phenomena  /  numerical simulations
侯云飞, 王永东, 乔博翔, 兰兴昊, 任雨桐, 陈媛媛. 隧道相向射流排烟功率对吸穿现象的影响. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (14) : 6136 -6145 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404442
Yun-fei HOU, Yong-dong WANG, Bo-xiang QIAO, Xing-hao LAN, Yu-tong REN, Yuan-yuan CHEN. The Influence of Smoke Exhaust Power of Tunnel Opposite Jet on the Phenomenon of Inhalation and Penetration[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (14) : 6136 -6145 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404442
近年来,中国公路隧道建设快速发展,但火灾频发[1]。鉴于隧道结构特殊,火灾时烟气难排出,极易造成严重伤亡和损失[2-4]。因此,排烟在隧道防火中极为重要。吸穿现象的出现会降低排烟口的排烟效率,了解吸穿成因和机理对提高排烟系统效率至关重要[5]
针对吸穿现象,Yuan等[6]则通过搭建按比例缩小的实验模型,对隧道温度分布及自然通风下隧道火灾的排烟体积进行了深入分析,并提出了排烟量的预测公式。Jiang等[7]通过实验研究了集中排烟系统下排烟量对吸穿现象的影响,并说明排烟口烟气层高度、温度及气体流速均可判定是否发生吸穿现象。排烟功率过大时会发生吸穿现象,对排烟口的排烟效率产生显著影响。钟委等[8]针对地铁站台火灾机械排烟中的吸穿问题,提出加装排烟挡板的方法并采用数值模拟方法分析,结果表明设置挡板能有效限制吸穿现象,提高排烟量,且挡板位于排烟口0.35 m处时排烟效果最佳,增大挡板尺寸亦能改善排烟效果。部分学者针对排烟功率对吸穿现象的影响进行了研究。陈姝[9]利用缩尺模型试验,对集中排烟模式下公路隧道火灾烟气层吸穿现象进行了深入研究,揭示了烟气吸穿与排烟功率之间的关系,发现适当增加排烟功率可有效降低烟气层吸穿的概率,进而提升排烟效率,并指出了防止吸穿发生的临界排烟功率,同时强调了隧道内补风量大小对烟气吸穿的影响。刘旷[10]则利用模型实验,探讨了排烟风量变化对排烟口下方烟气层温度和厚度的影响趋势,并研究了排烟效率与排烟功率之间的关系,旨在确定最佳的排烟功率。姜学鹏等[11]的研究发现,排烟功率的增加会在一定程度上增强侧壁集中排烟模式下的烟气层吸穿效应,但当排烟功率达到某一特定值时,吸穿效应反而会减弱,分析了排烟口处烟气层的受力情况以及不同排烟速率对烟气层吸穿的影响,得到烟气层发生吸穿现象的临界Froude值为1.28。以往的研究都是关于单向射流集中排烟情况下的烟气吸穿情况,研究结论对于相向射流顶部集中排烟系统不具有普适性,而相向射流系统通过合理送风可有效控制烟气蔓延范围,相比于单向通风在火灾逃生及救援都更具优势[12-14],开展相向射流条件下公路隧道火灾排烟功率对吸穿现象的影响研究,对于提高该排烟系统的排烟效率以及可靠性有重要意义。
基于此,现通过数值模拟,研究不同排烟功率对相向射流顶部集中排烟系统吸穿现象的影响规律,确定不同火源热释放率下发生吸穿现象的临界排烟功率和临界Froude数,确定防止吸穿发生的临界排烟速率系数,为优化排烟系统设计、提高排烟效率提供参考。
利用PyroSim数值模拟软件建立长250 m、宽12 m、高6 m的隧道模型,排烟方式为隧道顶部集中排烟,排烟通道位于隧道主洞正上方,截面面积为24 m2,排烟口设置于隧道拱顶,尺寸为3 m×3 m,间距为50 m,排烟口布置如图1所示,火源上游的排烟口为L1,火源下游排烟口分别依次为R1、R2、R3。
选取正庚烷作为火源燃烧,位于两排烟口之间的底部,火源尺寸为2 m×2 m,非稳态火其热释放速率变化采用公式 Q = α t 2,设置其中 α取0.1876。设定环境温度为20 ℃,环境压力为101.325 kPa,空气的定压比热容为1.005 kJ/(kg·K),空气密度为1.29 kg/m3,重力加速度为9.8 m/s2。在每个排烟口中心点所处的隧道横断面布设一个LAYER测点,测量排烟口位置处烟气层高度数据;在每个排烟口中心点下方0.9~5.9 m的位置,竖向等距离间隔1 m均匀布置温度监测装置,在每个排烟口的中心布置气体流速探测设备和CO含量探测设备,分别测量排烟口位置处烟气温度、流速和CO含量变化情况,排烟口尺寸及监测设备布置如图2所示。
相向射流是用隧道两侧的射流风机进行对流式送风,下游风速小于上游风速时有效好的烟气控制效果[15-19],因此选取上游风速为3.8 m/s,下游风速为1.8 m/s。选取火源功率为20、30、50 MW,排烟功率为50 ~180 m3/s,共42组模拟工况。工况设计如表1所示。
网格划分中火源特征直径表达式为
D * = Q ρ C p T 0 g 2 / 5
式(1)中: Q为火源功率,kW; ρ 为空气密度,kg/m3; C p为空气比热容,   k J / ( k g · K ); T 0为环境温度,K;g为重力加速度,取9.81m/s2
当网格尺寸取 D * / 16 ~ D * / 4时模拟精度较高,因此本文研究采用0.5 m×0.5 m×0.5 m的网格尺寸,并对于火源附近区域进行局部加密,选取0.25 m×0.25 m×0.25 m的网格尺寸,以便于更精确地模拟烟气传播和扩散。
根据文献[19-23]的烟气层界面高度计算理论,得到相向射流排烟系统不同排烟功率下的烟气层界面高度如图3所示。
图3可以得出如下结果。
(1)当火源热释放速率为20 MW,排烟功率增大到80 m3/s时,距火源最远的排烟口R3下方烟气最先吸穿,冷空气被抽进排烟道;排烟功率增大到100 m3/s时,继排烟口R3发生吸穿现象后排烟口R2也发生了吸穿现象。
(2)当火源热释放速率为30 MW,排烟功率增大到100 m3/s时,距火源最远的排烟口R3下方烟气最先吸穿;排烟功率增大到160 m3/s时,继排烟口R3发生吸穿现象后排烟口R2也发生了吸穿现象。
(3)当火源热释放速率为50 MW,排烟功率增大到150 m3/s时,距火源最远的排烟口R3下方烟气最先吸穿;排烟功率增大到170 m3/s时,继排烟口R3发生吸穿现象后排烟口R2也发生了吸穿现象。
综上可知各个排烟口下方的烟气层界面高度均会受到轴流风机排烟功率的影响,适当增加轴流排烟功率有利于提高集中排烟系统的排烟效果;但排烟功率过大会导致排烟口下方烟气发生吸穿,隧道内的冷空气被抽入排烟道,降低排烟口的排烟效率,严重影响了排烟效果。
在火源热释放速率为50 MW条件下,不同轴流风机排烟功率情况下隧道内温度分布如图4所示。
图4可知每个排烟口位置处的温度都普遍低于排烟口周围的温度,这是由于排烟口的抽吸造成的温度衰减;其中工况29~工况39的排烟口R3由于烟气经过两个排烟口后大部分烟气从排烟口抽离,运动过程又不断与隧道壁面发生热交换加之排烟口R3受下游机械补风的影响烟气热量与冷空气大量交换,所以此时排烟口R3处的温度虽然接近环境温度但下方仍有烟气存在并未吸穿;工况39~工况42中可以看到,当排烟口发生吸穿现象时,排烟口下方温度完全与隧道环境温度相同,工况41、工况42的热烟气完全没有到达排烟口R3。
温度变化特征可以用排烟口下方各位置测得的温度值 T i,与排烟口下方测得的温度最大值 T r e f的比值来表示。通过 T i / T r e f值建立排烟功率—温度曲线,具象描述不同下游机械补风风速对排烟口下方温度的变化特征影响。
各排烟口下方不同高度处排烟功率-温度曲线如图5~图7所示。
图5~图7可以得出以下结果。
(1)排烟口R1下方的各个监测点的温度变化曲线可以看出 T i / T r e f一直处于波动状态,说明排烟口R1下方一直没有发生吸穿现象。
(2)排烟口R2下方的各个监测点的温度变化曲线可以看出火源热释放率为20、30、50 MW时, T i / T r e f的值在轴流风机排烟功率分别在100、160、170 m3/s时趋于稳定;若此时轴流风机排烟功率持续增加,则排烟口下方 T i / T r e f曲线走势将趋于平缓。判定此时排烟口R2下方发生烟气吸穿。
(3)排烟口R3下方的各个监测点的温度变化曲线可以看出火源热释放率为20、30、50 MW时, T i / T r e f的值在轴流风机排烟功率分别在80、100、150 m3/s时趋于稳定。判定此时排烟口R3下方发生烟气吸穿。
各排烟口气体流速监测数据整理如图8所示。
图8可得,距离火源最近的排烟口L1、R1处的流速最大,距离火源稍远的排烟口R2、R3的流速较小。这是由于烟气在向火源下游蔓延的过程中烟气不断地从排烟口中抽离出隧道主动,同时不断与隧道壁面以及隧道内射流风机吹过来的冷空气发生热交换,故烟气在纵向蔓延的过程中温度不断衰减导致距离火源越远的排烟口烟气流速持续衰减;在不同火源热释放速率下各排烟口的风速会随着排烟功率的增大而增大,当排烟功率增大到某一排烟口下方烟气开始吸穿时,排烟口R1处的风速会降低。
综上所述,随着排烟功率的不断增大,远离火源的排烟口R3率先发生吸穿现象,继而排烟口R2也发生吸穿,而排烟口R1则始终未发生吸穿现象。针对同一排烟口,火源热释放率的增大将导致出现吸穿现象的临界排烟功率相应增大。通过排烟口下方烟气层高度、温度、排烟口处气体流速随排烟功率变化的规律得到下游各排烟口发生吸穿现象的临界排烟功率如表2所示。
隧道火灾中产生的CO气体为最常见的有害气体,相关学者使用单位时间内所有排烟口排出的CO质量与生成的CO总质量比值来表示排烟效率[23],即
η = i = 1 n m e i m p × 100 %
式(2)中: η为排烟系统排烟效率,%; m e i为第 i个排烟口的排烟量,kg/s; m p为烟气生成量,kg/s;n为排烟口个数。
通过式(2)得到不同排烟功率下排烟口的排烟效率随排烟功率的变化如图9所示。
图9可以看出:在火源热释放率恒定为20 MW的情境下,排烟效率随着排烟速率的提升而逐渐下降。这是因为在排烟功率达到80 m3/s时,排烟口R3开始发生吸穿现象,随着排烟功率进一步提升至100 m3/s,排烟口R2也发生吸穿。这导致大量冷空气经排烟口被抽出,减缓了烟气的排出速率,致使排烟效率持续下滑;当排烟功率提升至120 m3/s时,排烟效率开始随着排烟功率的增大而回升。这是因为排烟功率的增大抵消了由于排烟口吸穿所带来的不利影响。
在火源热释放率分别增加至30 MW和50 MW时,排烟效率的变化趋势呈现出类似的规律。随着排烟功率的逐渐增强,排烟效率起初呈上升趋势,直至排烟口R3发生吸穿后,排烟效率开始随着排烟功率的增强而下降,直排烟功率的增大抵消了由于排烟口吸穿所带来的不利影响。此后,排烟效率继续攀升,直至排烟口R2发生吸穿现象后排烟效率再次开始下降。
综上,当排烟功率增大到临界值时,排烟功率的增加对排烟效率的提升较小,反而过大的排烟功率会使排烟口发生吸穿,大量冷空气被抽出造成排烟效率降低。所以当排烟功率足够大时,轴流风机排烟功率的增大并不能大幅提升排烟效率,并且此时烟气已经可以被控制至一定区域,故无须继续增大排烟功率。当火源热释放率在20、30、50 MW时,排烟功率分别选取50、70、110 m3/s时烟气可以得到控制且排烟效率最高。
临界Froude数是判定机械排烟时排烟口是否发生吸穿的一个重要依据,Li等[25]认为无量纲Froude数可以反映机械排烟中的吸穿现象。临界Froude数计算公式为
F r o u d e = u v A g Δ T T 0 1 / 2 d 5 / 2
式(3)中: u v为通过自然排烟口流出的烟气速度,m/s; A为排烟口面积,m2; Δ T为烟气层温度与环境温度的差值,K; T 0为环境温度,K; d为排烟口下方的烟气层厚度,m。
分别计算在火源热释放率分别为20、30、50 MW情况下各工况每个排烟口的Froude数如表3所示,可见排烟功率相同时,距火源愈远,排烟口临界Froude数愈大,此现象与以往研究[21]相异。其原因在于相向射流条件下排烟口R3、R2风速大于单向通风时下远火源排烟口的风速;同时下游机械补风抑制烟气向R3下游运动,使其下方烟气层加厚。
根据表3,选取未发生吸穿现象的Froude数最大值作为防止排烟口处发生吸穿现象的临界Froude值,可以得到临界弗洛德值。
《建筑防烟排烟系统技术标准》[26]中给出了防止吸穿发生的最大排烟速率公式,即
V c r i t = k β d 5 / 2 ( Δ T T 0 ) 1 / 2
式(4)中: V c r i t为防止吸穿发生的临界排烟速率,m3/s; Δ T为烟气层温度与环境温度的差值,K; T 0为环境温度,K; d为烟气层温度与环境温度的差值,K; k为临界排烟速率系数; β为排烟口位置影响因素,当排烟口位于隧道顶板且靠近墙面或排烟口位于顶板时, β = 2,当排烟口与任意墙面距离较远时 β = 2.8
袁月明[23]指出顶部集中排烟的临界排烟速率系数可取 k = 0.025 ~ 0.05。由于相向射流工况的特殊性,上述取值并不适用于选取相向射流条件下顶部集中排烟系统的公路隧道,因此需要重新给出临界排烟功率系数k,通过数值模拟得到各排烟口的临界排烟速率系数如表4所示,其中取 β = 2
由上述计算,选取未发生吸穿现象时的最大值作为相向射流排烟系统临界排烟速率系数 k, k = 0.8
采用数值模拟,在火源功率为20、30、50 MW下研究了不同排烟功率对排烟口吸穿现象的影响,得到以下结论。
(1)随着排烟功率的不断增大,远离火源的排烟口R3率先发生吸穿现象,继而排烟口R2也发生吸穿,而排烟口R1则始终未发生吸穿现象,火源热释放率的增大将导致出现吸穿现象的临界排烟功率相应增大。不同排烟功率下发生吸穿现象的临界排烟功率为80、100、150 m3/s。
(2)排烟功率适度提升可有效提高排烟效率,但超过临界值后,排烟口发生吸穿现象会降低排烟效果。在20、30、50 MW热释放率下,排烟功率分别为50、70、110 m3/s时排烟效果最好。
(3)经过计算得出适用于相向射流条件下顶部集中排烟系统的临界Froude<35;临界排烟功率公式中的系数 k取0.8。
  • 河南省交通运输厅科技项目(2017Z4)
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(300102214902)
  • 陕西省交通运输科技项目(22-50K)
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2025年第25卷第14期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404442
  • 接收时间:2024-06-14
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-05-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-14
  • 修回日期:2025-02-25
基金
河南省交通运输厅科技项目(2017Z4)
中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(300102214902)
陕西省交通运输科技项目(22-50K)
作者信息
    长安大学公路学院, 西安 710064

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*王永东(1974—),男,汉族,湖北鄂州人,博士,教授。研究方向:隧道通风与防灾救灾。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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