Article(id=1149769460992623561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404533, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718640000000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-18, revisedDate=1740412800000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752056001183, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1747497600000, pubDateStr=2025-05-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752056001183, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752056001183, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752056001183, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149769458706723113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='14', pageStart='5705', pageEnd='6154', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752056000638, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456798957, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559392753041779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559392753041780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=5806, endPage=5814, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149769461193950154, articleId=1149769460992623561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Effects of Scanning Strategies during Laser Deposition of Nickel-Based High-temperature Alloy in Aero Engine, columnId=1156264152168518571, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the effect of different scanning strategies on laser deposition of nickel-based alloy matrix, the process of deposition of IN718 alloy powder on IN718 alloy matrix under four different scanning strategies was numerically simulated by ABAQUS software, and tested under the same conditions. The heat source verification results show that the heat source model is accurate and effective, and the numerical simulation process accords with the actual deposition process. The analysis results of temperature field, stress field and deformation field show that the thermal influence of different side scanning is less than that of same side scanning and reciprocating scanning is lower than that of unidirectional scanning, and the peak temperature is lower, thus the residual stress is lower, and the deformation degree of the matrix can be effectively reduced. The experimental results show that the numerical simulation process is accurate and effective. It is concluded that the residual stress value and deformation can be reduced effectively by using the reciprocating scanning method on different sides.

, correspAuthors=Ying ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ying ZHANG, Shuai LIANG, Rui-min LUO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149769508723802357, articleId=1149769460992623561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=航空发动机镍基高温合金激光沉积过程中扫描策略的影响, columnId=1156264152306930605, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·矿冶工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了研究不同的扫描策略对激光沉积镍基合金基体的影响,使用ABAQUS软件对4种不同扫描策略下IN718合金基体沉积IN718合金粉末过程进行了数值模拟,并在相同条件下进行了试验验证。热源验证的结果表明热源模型准确有效,数值模拟过程符合实际沉积过程;温度场、应力场、变形场分析结果表明异侧扫描相较同侧扫描、往复扫描相较单向扫描对基体的热影响较小,峰值温度更低,进而产生的残余应力更低,且可以有效减小基体的变形程度;试验验证结果表明数值模拟过程准确有效。最终得出结论:采取异侧往复扫描方式可以有效降低残余应力值,并减小变形。

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张莹(1983—),女,汉族,山东泰安人,博士,副教授。研究方向:航空发动机健康管理与故障诊断、航空发动机修理技术、航空发动机动力学。E-mail:

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张莹(1983—),女,汉族,山东泰安人,博士,副教授。研究方向:航空发动机健康管理与故障诊断、航空发动机修理技术、航空发动机动力学。E-mail:

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张莹(1983—),女,汉族,山东泰安人,博士,副教授。研究方向:航空发动机健康管理与故障诊断、航空发动机修理技术、航空发动机动力学。E-mail:

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2. 中国商飞民用飞机试飞中心, 上海 200232, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1172984548787893078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769460992623561, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172984548796281687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769460992623561, companyId=1172984548787893078, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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Numerical simulation of temperature field and stress distribution in Inconel718 Ni base alloy induced by laser cladding[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2015, 42(9): 121-128., articleTitle=Numerical simulation of temperature field and stress distribution in Inconel718 Ni base alloy induced by laser cladding, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1172984552923476891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769460992623561, awardId=52172360, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52172360), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1172984548787893078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769460992623561, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172984548796281687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769460992623561, companyId=1172984548787893078, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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参考路径1

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Chemical composition of material

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化学成分 Ni Cr Fe Nb Mo Ti Mn C Al
质量分数/% 基体 53.25 8.79 18.57 5.22 3.01 1.00 0.15
粉末 52.6 18.75 余量 5.25 3.03 0.97 0.03 0.042 0.63
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材料化学成分

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化学成分 Ni Cr Fe Nb Mo Ti Mn C Al
质量分数/% 基体 53.25 8.79 18.57 5.22 3.01 1.00 0.15
粉末 52.6 18.75 余量 5.25 3.03 0.97 0.03 0.042 0.63
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张莹 1 , 梁帅 1 , 罗睿敏 1, 2
科学技术与工程 | 论文·矿冶工程 2025,25(14): 5806-5814
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·矿冶工程 2025, 25(14): 5806-5814
航空发动机镍基高温合金激光沉积过程中扫描策略的影响
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张莹1 , 梁帅1, 罗睿敏1, 2
作者信息
  • 1. 中国民航大学航空工程学院, 天津 300300
  • 2. 中国商飞民用飞机试飞中心, 上海 200232
  • 张莹(1983—),女,汉族,山东泰安人,博士,副教授。研究方向:航空发动机健康管理与故障诊断、航空发动机修理技术、航空发动机动力学。E-mail:

Effects of Scanning Strategies during Laser Deposition of Nickel-Based High-temperature Alloy in Aero Engine
Ying ZHANG1 , Shuai LIANG1, Rui-min LUO1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1. Aeronautical Engineering College, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
  • 2. COMAC Civil Aircraft Test Flight Centre, Shanghai 200232, China
出版时间: 2025-05-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404533
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为了研究不同的扫描策略对激光沉积镍基合金基体的影响,使用ABAQUS软件对4种不同扫描策略下IN718合金基体沉积IN718合金粉末过程进行了数值模拟,并在相同条件下进行了试验验证。热源验证的结果表明热源模型准确有效,数值模拟过程符合实际沉积过程;温度场、应力场、变形场分析结果表明异侧扫描相较同侧扫描、往复扫描相较单向扫描对基体的热影响较小,峰值温度更低,进而产生的残余应力更低,且可以有效减小基体的变形程度;试验验证结果表明数值模拟过程准确有效。最终得出结论:采取异侧往复扫描方式可以有效降低残余应力值,并减小变形。

IN718合金  /  扫描策略  /  数值模拟  /  温度场  /  残余应力场  /  变形模拟

In order to study the effect of different scanning strategies on laser deposition of nickel-based alloy matrix, the process of deposition of IN718 alloy powder on IN718 alloy matrix under four different scanning strategies was numerically simulated by ABAQUS software, and tested under the same conditions. The heat source verification results show that the heat source model is accurate and effective, and the numerical simulation process accords with the actual deposition process. The analysis results of temperature field, stress field and deformation field show that the thermal influence of different side scanning is less than that of same side scanning and reciprocating scanning is lower than that of unidirectional scanning, and the peak temperature is lower, thus the residual stress is lower, and the deformation degree of the matrix can be effectively reduced. The experimental results show that the numerical simulation process is accurate and effective. It is concluded that the residual stress value and deformation can be reduced effectively by using the reciprocating scanning method on different sides.

IN718 alloy  /  scanning strategies  /  numerical simulation  /  temperature field  /  residual stress fields  /  deformation simulation
张莹, 梁帅, 罗睿敏. 航空发动机镍基高温合金激光沉积过程中扫描策略的影响. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (14) : 5806 -5814 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404533
Ying ZHANG, Shuai LIANG, Rui-min LUO. Effects of Scanning Strategies during Laser Deposition of Nickel-Based High-temperature Alloy in Aero Engine[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (14) : 5806 -5814 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404533
镍基高温合金具有优异的热物理化学性能,被广泛应用于制造先进航空涡轮发动机的热端部件[1],发动机性能的提升在很大程度上受到这些部件耐温性的影响。然而热端部件长期工作在高温高压的恶劣环境中,很容易出现烧穿、烧蚀等严重损伤[2],此时采取一定的手段对其进行维修可以在保持适航性的同时最大限度地节约成本。激光沉积技术作为一种先进的激光技术,具有加工热影响区小、加工后组织微观结构好等优点[3],可实现损伤零部件近净成型修复[4],是一种理想的维修手段,近年来得到了广泛研究。
在激光沉积的过程中,温度场对沉积后基体的性能起决定性的作用,而扫描策略在很大程度上影响温度场的分布[5]。常见的扫描策略包括单向扫描、往复扫描、轮廓偏置扫描等[6],此外还有岛型扫描、蛇形扫描等方式[7],中外许多学者已经针对扫描策略的影响进行了研究。吴俣等[8]研究了设定参数下单向和往复两种扫描策略下304不锈钢基体三层沉积的温度场和应力场分布规律,发现单向扫描得到的组织更均匀,热累积量更少;韩会等[9]研究了3种扫描策略对304不锈钢单层激光熔覆温度场及应力场的影响,结果表明长边螺旋扫描路径方式得到的温度场分布较为均匀;Parry等[10]研究了两种激光扫描策略下钛合金单层沉积层的瞬态热历史和残余应力积累,发现了残余应力产生的温度梯度机制。扫描策略的选择对沉积层温度场有较大影响,进而影响残余应力的分布,从而影响基体的变形。然而目前关于激光沉积技术工艺优化的研究多针对材料参数、激光功率、扫描速度等[11-13],对扫描策略的有关报道较少,且关于扫描策略的研究多针对不锈钢或者钛合金基体,针对镍基合金基体的研究较少。随着激光沉积技术越来越广泛地应用于航空发动机热端高温镍基合金部件的维修,针对镍基合金基体激光沉积扫描策略进行研究并优化具有一定的必要性及工程应用价值[14]
因此,对常见扫描策略进行归纳分类,现总结出4种不同策略,并在这4种不同扫描策略下对IN718合金薄板模型激光沉积过程进行研究,通过ABAQUS软件获得沉积过程中的温度场数据,通过顺序热-力耦合的方式获得沉积结束后的应力场与变形场数据,并结合试验对数值模拟结果进行验证,从而可以得出不同扫描策略对沉积过程的影响,改善镍基合金激光沉积的工艺性,提高沉积修复后基体的性能。
研究中所使用的有限元分析软件为达索系统(Dassault Systèmes)旗下SIMULIA品牌开发的ABAQUS有限元分析软件,具有丰富的单元库和材料模型库,可以模拟任意几何形状和多种材料的行为,并具有直观的后处理功能,因此被广泛应用于航空航天、汽车、能源等工程领域的多物理场仿真分析。该软件的热分析模块可以用于焊接、热处理、激光沉积等多种形式的实际问题的仿真,同时利用软件的热-力耦合分析功能还可以同时求解温度场对变形场、应力场的影响,准确模拟和预测系统或部件在不同条件下的温度分布和力学性能。
此外,国内的独立有限元软件如iSolver有限元分析软件、Simdroid有限元分析软件、Semweld分析软件等也可以进行包括热力学分析在内的多物理场分析,且具有较强的性能与较高的精度。由于ABAQUS软件可以准确而快捷地进行顺序热-力耦合分析,且支持包括高斯热源在内的多种激光热源定义,因此研究中选用该软件进行数值模拟。
数值模拟的过程中,温度场计算结果决定应力场与变形场的计算结果[15]。实际沉积过程中熔池温度变化迅速,因此温度场的计算属于非线性瞬态热传导问题,其热传导方程可由非线性传导热方程表示,即
λ x T x x + λ y T y y + λ z T z z + H ( T ) -   ρ c ( T ) T t = 0
式(1)中: λ x λ y λ z为材料在 x y z方向上的热传导率; H ( T )为材料的相变潜热; ρ ( T )为材料密度; c ( T )为比热容; T为温度场分布; t为时间。
在温度场分析结束后,采用顺序热-力耦合方式对应力应变场进行分析,计算中时间增量步内材料总应变量 d ε可表示为
d ε = d ε e + d ε p + d ε T
式(2)中: d ε e为弹性应变增量; d ε p为塑性应变增量; d ε T为热应变增量。
此外,时间增量步内的热应力增量可以表示为
d σ = D e d ε e = D e ( d ε - d ε p - d ε T )
式(3)中: d σ为应力增量二阶张量; D e为弹性刚度张量。
热源模型的选择直接影响温度场的计算结果与精准度[16],试验所使用的激光熔覆设备热流密度分布可以用高斯热源来近似描述,其表达式[17]
q ( r ) = q m e x p - 3 r 2 R 2
q m = 3 π R 2 Q
Q = η k p
式中: q ( r )为距离圆心 r处的热流密度大小; R为光斑直径; Q为有效激光功率; η为能够作用在涂层表面的有效功率因数; k为高斯热源功率与整个系统激光功率的比值; p为实际的激光功率。
验证热源模型有效性的有限元模型如图1(a)所示,节点总数265 856个,单元总数249 242个,单元类型为热分析单元DC3D8。用于研究扫描策略影响的单层多道沉积有限元模型如图1(b)所示,节点总数197 757个,单元总数177 624个,单元类型为热分析单元DC3D8。随后分别在图2所示的同侧与异侧下进行单向与往复4种扫描对比模拟。在基体上设置3个参考点与一条参考路径以便后续分析,如图3所示。
激光沉积是一系列复杂因素共同作用下的非线性瞬态热分析过程,如果将熔化、凝固等均引数值计算将带来巨大的非线性计算量。因此在不影响模拟结果精度的前提下忽略部分影响因素,对模型做出以下假设[18]
(1)由于粉末材料与基体材料各项参数差异较小,假定二者各项性能参数相同。
(2)忽略熔池流动的影响。
(3)忽略沉积过程中由于材料被气化或蒸发导致的能量损失。
(4)忽略沉积过程中保护气体、激光脉冲及金属粉末对涂层形貌与入射激光的影响。
在温度场计算过程中,考虑基体与沉积层对周围环境介质存在的对流辐射热交换,其中热对流可以用牛顿方程描述,即
q a = - h a ( T s - T a )
式(7)中: q a为基体与涂层对周围空气介质的热交换; T s为基体与涂层表面温度; h a为热对流交换系数,设置为10×10-6 W/(mm2·K); T a为周围环境温度,设置为20 ℃。
考虑到通过热辐射向周围环境损失的热量 q r ,其表达式为
q r = - ε σ [ ( T s + 273 ) 4 - ( T a + 273 ) 4 ]
式(8)中: ε为热辐射系数,取0.8; σ为史蒂芬-玻尔兹曼常数,其数值为5.67×10-8 W/(m2·K4)。
此外,在结构计算的过程中,为了防止模型发生刚性位移,对其底面中心施加完全固定约束。
试验所使用的激光沉积设备如图4所示,激光器采用的是武汉瑞科RFL-A3000D半导体激光器。试验所使用的基体材料为IN718合金板材,粉末材料为IN718球形粉末,试验过程送粉量为25 g/min,保护气体为氩气。材料的化学成分与性能参数分别如表1图5所示,试验前使用砂纸打磨基体表面油污与氧化层,并将IN718粉末烘干2 h备用。试验结束后,使用如图6(a)所示的XL-640 X射线应力测定仪测量沉积层表面参考点1~参考点3处沿沉积方向的残余应力值分量,使用如图6(b)所示的夹具与电子数显面差尺测量参考路径1处的Z方向变形分量。首先利用夹具将基板两侧固定,在未进行激光沉积试验前测量参考路径1上标定点处板厚,激光沉积试验结束后测量标定点位置的总高度,再减去相应标定点处的板厚及垂直沉积层方向的弯曲变形量,最终得到标定点处的Z方向变形量。
激光功率与扫描速度是影响沉积层几何形貌的重要因素。为了确定最佳激光功率与速度,进行了如图7所示的单道沉积正交试验,由试验结果可知,相同功率下,熔宽随扫描速度增大而减小;相同扫描速度下,熔宽随功率增大而增大。扫描速度过大、功率过低时会导致气孔气泡等缺陷,粉末未完全达到熔点,沉积层易剥落;扫描速度过小、功率过高则会导致熔高过高,并产生粉末过烧等现象,且对基体的热影响区较大。当扫描速度为9 mm/s,激光功率为1 900 W时,熔池宏观形貌较好,无明显塌陷、气泡产生,熔宽、熔高适中,对基体的热影响区小,因此选用该组参数进行数值模拟与试验。
4种路径下制备的沉积宏观形貌如图8所示。沉积层表面较为平整,没有出现明显的凹陷、裂纹等缺陷,粉末熔化完全,与基体形成了较好的冶金结合,其中同侧两种扫描方式下的表面出现了亮蓝色的氧化层,异侧两种扫描方式下则为未氧化的金黄色,这是由于更高的熔池温度会加快金属与氧气的反应速度,导致氧化层产生,由此可见,异侧扫描方式下熔池的热量可以更加均匀地传递至基体中,从而降低熔池温度。
激光功率1 900 W,扫描速度9 mm/s下数值模拟单道沉积过程温度场云图如图9所示,熔池形态呈现出明显的彗尾状,熔池中心温度达到2 262 ℃,超过IN718合金的熔点1 260 ℃。激光辐射区域温度较高,中心处达到最大值,光斑前进方向等温线较为密集,后方等温线相对稀疏,前后温度梯度大,温度呈现急升急降的特点,与激光沉积过程的热传递规律相符。
将单道沉积焊缝切片后使用抛磨机打磨,并制备为金相试样,使用光学显微镜观察其熔池形貌,并与数值模拟得到的熔池形貌进行对比,如图10所示,试验熔池与模拟熔池形貌吻合良好,验证了热源模型的有效性。
基体表面参考点1~参考点3处的温度循环曲线如图11所示,沉积开始时参考点3处的温度在较短时间内升高至熔点,随后快速降温,符合沉积过程快冷快热的特点,但散热速率小于升温速率,这是由于合金凝固过程中释放的结晶潜热所致[19]。各参考点温度峰值随路径不同依次升高,且各出现两次峰值,这是由于激光光斑会两次经过参考点附近,导致熔池两次升温至峰值,且单向与往复扫描的温度峰值均出现在同侧扫描方式下。单向同侧扫描的温度峰值为2 120 ℃,单向异侧扫描的温度峰值为2 111 ℃,往复同侧扫描的峰值温度约2 065 ℃,往复异侧扫描的峰值温度为2 000 ℃。相比于同侧扫描方式,异侧扫描方式下热累积量更低,相比于单向扫描方式,往复扫描方式热累积量更低,这是由于异侧扫描相较于同侧扫描沉积层间距更远,基体热累积更小;往复扫描相较于单向扫描沉积层的散热时间更长,基体热累积量同样较小。
4种扫描策略下基体冷却到室温后(冷却2 000 s)的残余应力分布云图如图12所示,基体表面的残余应力主要分布在前2或3道沉积与基体交界处及末道沉积层周围。由截面云图可知,基体内部中心处残余应力较大,这是由于基体中心处金属在沉积过程中受热膨胀,随后温度降低,材料在收缩的过程中被两侧基体拉伸约束,由此在中部产生较大的拉应力,在残余应力重新分布后,远离熔池区域的底面、基体两边主要分布为压应力以满足拉压应力平衡。熔池温度越高、越大则会产生越大的残余应力,同侧与异侧下的单向与往复扫描残余应力最大值依次为1 469、1 463、1 392、1 349 MPa,相比于同侧扫描方式,异侧扫描下基体内部残余应力峰值较低,异侧往复扫描方式较前3种扫描方式残余应力值分别减少8.2%、7.8%、3.1%,且异侧扫描方式下残余应力分布较为对称,分布范围较为均匀,预计可以有效避免沉积层脱落、基体开裂等。异侧扫描方式下沿沉积方向残余应力测量数据与数值模拟数据对比如图13所示,图13中二者分布趋势基本吻合,验证了数值模拟的准确性,其中试验结果呈现先增大后减小的趋势,这是由于沿沉积方向的表面残余应力不仅会受到基体与沉积层金属材料沿沉积方向收缩量不同的影响,也会在凝固过程中受到两侧金属材料拉伸影响。参考点1与参考点3位于沉积层边缘处,根据异侧往复扫描方式沉积顺序,该处位置在凝固时未受到或受到单侧金属母材拉伸,利于应力释放,而参考点2位于末道沉积层中间位置,受到两侧材料拉伸,不利于应力释放,因此残余应力值高于两侧,图13中残余应力峰值出现在沉积层中部且有两次明显波动,这是由于异侧往复扫描方式下该处沉积层靠近末道沉积,激光热源会反复两次经过,材料受到两次拉应力-压应力影响,最终达到并超过屈服强度,因此出现残余应力峰值。
以残余应力值最低的异侧往复扫描方式为例,其试验变形结果如图14所示,在激光沉积的过程中,基体中部沉积区域的金属材料受热膨胀,但在周围材料的约束下不能自由膨胀,导致沉积区域首先产生压缩塑性应变,在冷却过程中沉积区域无法自由收缩,因此产生拉伸塑性应变,而加热过程中的压缩塑性应变只有部分被抵消,进而导致基体产生变形。同时由于热传递在厚度上分布不均匀,基体上侧的温度梯度大于下侧,导致上表面拉应力大于下表面,同一表面靠近沉积区拉应力大于远离沉积区域,故基体的变形整体呈现反弓状,长边两端向上翘曲,短边两端向内产生较小变形。数值模拟Z方向变形分量云图如图15所示,变形趋势与试验结果相符,其中同侧单向扫描下基体最大变形值为0.61 mm,同侧往复扫描下为0.58 mm,异侧单向扫描下为0.57 mm,异侧往复扫描下为0.51 mm,异侧扫描较同侧扫描会使基体变形分别减小6.5%与12%,往复扫描相较顺序扫描会使基体变形分别减小4.91%与10.5%,且异侧扫描下基体变形较为对称。4种扫描方式下参考路径1的数值模拟变形数据与测量值对比如图16所示,试验得到的变形结果与数值模拟一致,证明了数值模拟的准确性,其中试验测量值由于测量误差、散热条件更加复杂等原因略大于数值模拟值。
使用ABAQUS软件对4种不同扫描策略下IN718合金基体沉积IN718合金粉末过程进行了数值模拟,并在相同条件下进行了试验验证,得到如下结论。
(1)单道沉积试验表明IN718合金激光沉积相对最佳参数为激光功率1 900 W,扫描速度9 mm/s,在该参数下进行的热源验证模拟与试验吻合良好,熔池温度达到要求。
(2)由温度场计算结果可知,异侧扫描相较于同侧扫描峰值温度更低,往复扫描相较于单向扫描峰值温度更低,且异侧扫描会对基体产生更均匀的热量分布。
(3)由应力场计算结果可知,基体中的残余拉应力主要分布在沉积层下方,压应力主要分布在沉积层四周,异侧扫描相较同侧扫描、往复扫描相较单向扫描残余应力分布更均匀,应力峰值更小。
(4)由变形场计算结果可知,基体变形主要表现为长边两端向上翘曲,异侧扫描与往复扫描可以有效减小基体变形。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52172360)
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2025年第25卷第14期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404533
  • 接收时间:2024-06-18
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-05-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-18
  • 修回日期:2025-02-25
基金
国家自然科学基金(52172360)
作者信息
    1. 中国民航大学航空工程学院, 天津 300300
    2. 中国商飞民用飞机试飞中心, 上海 200232
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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