Article(id=1149769460682245062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404026, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1716998400000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-30, revisedDate=1739721600000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752056001109, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1747497600000, pubDateStr=2025-05-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752056001109, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752056001109, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752056001109, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149769458706723113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='14', pageStart='5705', pageEnd='6154', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752056000638, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456798957, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559392753041779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559392753041780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=5862, endPage=5869, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149769460887765959, articleId=1149769460682245062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=The Performance of Wind-Solar Hybrid Generation Device and Its Photovoltaic Panel Cleaning Characteristics, columnId=1156264600770302582, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Energy and Power Engineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Small sensors powered by wind-solar hybrid power supply do not require regular replacement of the power supply, and can be deployed in various remote areas. However, in practice, the photovoltaic panels are prone to accumulation of dirt, resulting in reduced power generation, and the rotating parts of small wind turbines are also very prone to failure. A wind-solar hybrid power device with a simple structure and self-cleaning capability was designed, and its solar and wind energy collection performance was experimentally evaluated based on meteorological statistical data. Moreover, the vibration cleaning efficacy of the photovoltaic panels under various dust coverage levels was compared. The research results show that the device can generate a maximum output power of 77.28 mW under simulated clear weather conditions (light intensity of 948.1 W/m2). The starting wind speed of wind energy collection based on piezoelectric and vortex-induced vibration effects is around 1.5 m/s, and a wind speed of 4.3 m/s in the experiments can generate an output power of 4.63 mW. After vortex-induced vibration cleaning of the photovoltaic module with different dust coverage densities, the output power of solar energy collection can be restored to over 84% of the clean state. This study presents a new technical solution for maintenance-free small-scale micro power generation equipment in remote areas.

, correspAuthors=Yi-peng WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Quan YUAN, Yi-peng WU, Xin SHEN, Jian LIU, Jian-hua ZHOU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149769507171909764, articleId=1149769460682245062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=风-光互补取电装置性能及其清灰特性, columnId=1156264600912908920, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·能源与动力工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

采用风光互补供电的小型传感器无需定期更换电源,可部署在各类人迹罕至地区,然而在实际应用中光伏组件容易受到污垢沉积导致发电功率降低,小型风力发电机的旋转部件也极易出现故障。设计了一种结构较为简单且具有自清洁功能的风-光互补取电装置,结合气象统计数据对装置的太阳能和风能取电性能进行了实验测试,比较了不同灰尘覆盖量下光伏组件的振动清灰性能。研究结果表明该装置在模拟晴朗天气下(光照强度948.1 W/m2)下太阳能收集可产生77.28 mW的最大输出功率;基于压电效应的风致涡激振动取电启动风速在1.5 m/s左右,实验条件下4.3 m/s风速可以产生4.63 mW的输出功率;通过风致振动对不同灰尘覆盖量的光伏组件清灰后,太阳能收集输出功率能恢复到清洁状态下的84%以上。该研究为偏远地区无维护的小型微功率发电设备提出了新的技术方案。

, correspAuthors=吴义鹏, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*吴义鹏(1986—),男,汉族,江苏南通人,博士,副教授。研究方向:环境自取电方向、自供电无线传感器。E-mail:
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袁权(2001—),男,汉族,江西永丰人,硕士研究生。研究方向:环境自取电技术。E-mail:

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袁权(2001—),男,汉族,江西永丰人,硕士研究生。研究方向:环境自取电技术。E-mail:

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Dimensional parameters of wind-solar hybrid power device

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参数 数值/mm
悬臂梁长×宽×厚 250×25×0.8
压电元件长×宽×厚 30×20×0.5
圆柱钝体壁厚 1
圆柱钝体外直径 66
光伏组件直径 66
光伏组件厚度 2.5
), ArticleFig(id=1172853568915779606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769460682245062, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

风致振动-光伏混合取电装置尺寸参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值/mm
悬臂梁长×宽×厚 250×25×0.8
压电元件长×宽×厚 30×20×0.5
圆柱钝体壁厚 1
圆柱钝体外直径 66
光伏组件直径 66
光伏组件厚度 2.5
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Blower-related parameters

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额定功率/
W
转速/
(r·s-1)
额定电压/
V
风压/
Pa
流量/
(m3·h-1)
190 23 220 210 4 800
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鼓风机相关参数

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额定功率/
W
转速/
(r·s-1)
额定电压/
V
风压/
Pa
流量/
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190 23 220 210 4 800
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风-光互补取电装置性能及其清灰特性
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袁权 1 , 吴义鹏 1, * , 沈心 1 , 刘建 2 , 周建华 2
科学技术与工程 | 论文·能源与动力工程 2025,25(14): 5862-5869
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·能源与动力工程 2025, 25(14): 5862-5869
风-光互补取电装置性能及其清灰特性
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袁权1 , 吴义鹏1, * , 沈心1, 刘建2, 周建华2
作者信息
  • 1. 南京航空航天大学航空航天结构力学及控制全国重点实验室, 南京 210000
  • 2. 国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院, 南京 210000
  • 袁权(2001—),男,汉族,江西永丰人,硕士研究生。研究方向:环境自取电技术。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*吴义鹏(1986—),男,汉族,江苏南通人,博士,副教授。研究方向:环境自取电方向、自供电无线传感器。E-mail:
The Performance of Wind-Solar Hybrid Generation Device and Its Photovoltaic Panel Cleaning Characteristics
Quan YUAN1 , Yi-peng WU1, * , Xin SHEN1, Jian LIU2, Jian-hua ZHOU2
Affiliations
  • 1. State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210000, China
  • 2. Research Institute of State Grid, Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
出版时间: 2025-05-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404026
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采用风光互补供电的小型传感器无需定期更换电源,可部署在各类人迹罕至地区,然而在实际应用中光伏组件容易受到污垢沉积导致发电功率降低,小型风力发电机的旋转部件也极易出现故障。设计了一种结构较为简单且具有自清洁功能的风-光互补取电装置,结合气象统计数据对装置的太阳能和风能取电性能进行了实验测试,比较了不同灰尘覆盖量下光伏组件的振动清灰性能。研究结果表明该装置在模拟晴朗天气下(光照强度948.1 W/m2)下太阳能收集可产生77.28 mW的最大输出功率;基于压电效应的风致涡激振动取电启动风速在1.5 m/s左右,实验条件下4.3 m/s风速可以产生4.63 mW的输出功率;通过风致振动对不同灰尘覆盖量的光伏组件清灰后,太阳能收集输出功率能恢复到清洁状态下的84%以上。该研究为偏远地区无维护的小型微功率发电设备提出了新的技术方案。

风光互补发电  /  涡激振动  /  压电效应  /  光伏组件清灰

Small sensors powered by wind-solar hybrid power supply do not require regular replacement of the power supply, and can be deployed in various remote areas. However, in practice, the photovoltaic panels are prone to accumulation of dirt, resulting in reduced power generation, and the rotating parts of small wind turbines are also very prone to failure. A wind-solar hybrid power device with a simple structure and self-cleaning capability was designed, and its solar and wind energy collection performance was experimentally evaluated based on meteorological statistical data. Moreover, the vibration cleaning efficacy of the photovoltaic panels under various dust coverage levels was compared. The research results show that the device can generate a maximum output power of 77.28 mW under simulated clear weather conditions (light intensity of 948.1 W/m2). The starting wind speed of wind energy collection based on piezoelectric and vortex-induced vibration effects is around 1.5 m/s, and a wind speed of 4.3 m/s in the experiments can generate an output power of 4.63 mW. After vortex-induced vibration cleaning of the photovoltaic module with different dust coverage densities, the output power of solar energy collection can be restored to over 84% of the clean state. This study presents a new technical solution for maintenance-free small-scale micro power generation equipment in remote areas.

wind-solar hybrid power generation  /  vortex-induced vibration  /  piezoelectric effect  /  photovoltaic module dust removal
袁权, 吴义鹏, 沈心, 刘建, 周建华. 风-光互补取电装置性能及其清灰特性. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (14) : 5862 -5869 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404026
Quan YUAN, Yi-peng WU, Xin SHEN, Jian LIU, Jian-hua ZHOU. The Performance of Wind-Solar Hybrid Generation Device and Its Photovoltaic Panel Cleaning Characteristics[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (14) : 5862 -5869 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404026
无线传感器网络可以直接获取客观世界的物理信息,提供源源不断的“大数据”,是人工智能、物联网等新兴技术的重要组成部分,受到了中外学者的广泛关注。此类设备通常能源独立,需要自备电池或者从周围环境中获取能源[1]。前者需要定期更换电池,海量废旧电池也给环境带来了沉重负担[2]。而对于原始森林防火预警、海洋环境监测、特高压架线塔检测等人迹罕至的应用场景而言,从周围环境取电是优势最为明显的技术方案[3-6]。在物联网技术快速推进的背景下,小型微功率环境取电装置可以为部署在各个角落数量众多的无线传感器设备提供源源不断的电能[7]。除此之外,对于使用电网供电的传感器设备,当电力供应系统因自然灾害或设备故障等因素损坏时[8-11],小型取电装置也可以起到临时供电的作用。
在野外空旷场景下,基于太阳能或风能的微功率取电是最为成熟的两种技术方案[12]。这是因为在“双碳”目标的大背景下,太阳能和风能是目前大力发展的新能源,各类取电产品层出不穷,例如直接将光伏组件小型化即可得到微功率太阳能取电装置。目前技术条件下,单一的太阳能或者风能发电容易受到天气变化的影响,但两种能源有着空间与时间上的互补性[13]。通过储蓄、制氢等能量存储方式,加以各类分解协调、改进多目标粒子群等优化算法,风光互补型取电逐渐成为主流[14-17]。小型微功率取电装置无法大规模储能、并网等,所以更加需要风光互补取电。为此,李春成等[18]设计了一款基于光生伏特效应和电磁感应定律的小型风光互补取电装置。取电装置同时将太阳能和风能转换为电能,进而实现森林火灾无线监测系统的自供电。该系统加以低功耗电路,能够满足其内部功耗为104 mW的定位系统模块正常工作。然而在实际运行过程中人们发现,此类取电装置放置在偏远地区,常常难以定期维护。其内部需要结构相对复杂的旋转零部件的小型风力发电机故障率较高,位于表面的光伏组件容易落灰或沉积其它污垢,经常一段时间后被供电设备就掉电不工作,难以正常取回数据。
绕开叶片和旋转装置,利用流固耦合导致的风致涡激振动效应将风能转换为结构的振动能,再通过机电转换元件变为电能,不失为一种简单可靠的微功率取电方法[19]。为此,Kan等[20]提出了一种由压电元件、柔性梁、圆柱体和附加的耦合器组成的压电风能收集器。该收集器设有密封结构来保护压电元件,以减小雨水和风雪的损耗并延长使用周期。收集器在最优阻抗为1 000 kΩ下能实现4.76 mW的输出功率。
在极端地区长时间的大面积灰尘沉积会使光伏组件发电效率衰减70%以上[21],光伏组件上局部灰尘沉积导致的热斑效应也将缩减其使用寿命[22]。为解决积灰问题,各类无需人工干预的光伏组件清洁手段被陆续提了出来。杭茂尧等[23]结合Elastica理论,将用作光伏组件清洁的刷丝简化为柔性梁后分析其与灰尘颗粒间的力学模型,在此基础上进行仿真与实验,为机械清洁光伏组件总结出更加贴近实际的刷丝与灰尘颗粒模型。机械清洁方案与实际应用较为成熟,但所需的额外供能和机械结构同样也不利于维护。Attia等[24]通过小型风扇和传动组件对利用风能产生的振动清洁光伏组件的方式进行了研究,发现这种方式下的风致振动可以使沉积在15°放置的光伏组件表面的灰尘除去70%,有效证明风能产生的振动对光伏组件的清洁效果。
能否设计一款无需风扇等复杂旋转零部件的新型风光互补取电装置,在利用风致涡激振动取电的同时,通过周期性振动清洁光伏组件的灰尘,进而实现取电装置的免维护?基于上述应用挑战引出来的技术难题,现设计一种结构较为简单且具有自清洁功能的风-光互补取电装置,结合气象统计数据对装置的太阳能光伏取电及风致涡激振动取电性能进行实验测试与分析,并在不同灰尘覆盖量下,将装置的光伏组件利用风致涡激振动实现抖动清灰与一般光伏组件通过自然风吹拂清灰进行比较。该研究旨在为偏远地区无维护的小型微功率发电设备提出了新的技术方案。
图1为风致振动-光伏互补取电装置实物与示意图,取电装置由圆柱体和悬臂梁组成,微型光伏组件用AB胶固定于圆柱体顶部以实现太阳能的收集,圆柱通过其底部夹具安装在悬臂梁的自由端,悬臂梁固定端附近贴有压电元件,悬臂梁的外围安装限位保护装置。
雷诺数Re是表示流体所受惯性力与黏性力之比的无量纲参数,其表达式为
R e = ρ V D μ
式(1)中:ρ为流体密度;V为流体速度;D为圆柱直径;μ为运动黏性系数。
雷诺数大于40时,随着空气的通过,圆柱表面时两侧会周期性脱落旋向相反的涡流,涡流的脱落伴随着圆柱表面的压力分布变化,脱落频率fs的公式为
f s = S t V D
式(2)中:St为斯特鲁哈数,无量纲系数,与雷诺数有关;V为风速;D为圆柱直径。
当涡流脱落频率fs接近圆柱与悬臂梁所组成结构的一阶模态固有频率f时,结构将产生大幅度的振动,此时脱落频率被锁定而不再随风速变化。这种情况下结构的其他模态的振动可忽略不计,该结构等效为单自由度系统,其固有频率为
f = 1 2 π K M
式(3)中:M为等效质量;K为等效刚度。
粘贴在悬臂梁固定端正反两面附近的压电元件采用并联连接,通过压电效应可以将振动的机械能转换为电能以实现风能的收集。装置各个部件的尺寸参数由表1给出。其中压电元件是正负电极同面的PZT-5H压电陶瓷片,钝体材料为光敏树脂,悬臂梁选取弹簧钢。
光伏组件的输出功率在理想情况下与光照强度直接相关。如图2所示,将装置放置在模拟光源下,太阳光强度仪测量模拟光源的光照强度。电阻箱作为等效负载接入电路的输出端,万用表测量不同光照强度和不同阻值下电阻两端的电压以计算光伏组件的输出功率。
实验结果如图3所示,可以看到随着光照强度的增大,光伏组件最大输出功率相应提高,最优输出阻抗相应降低。在光照强度为948.1 W/m2下,最大输出功率达到77.28 mW,对应最优输出阻抗约为900 Ω;在光照强度为65.8 W/m2时,最大输出功率只有6.68 mW,对应阻抗提高至6 800 Ω。如图4所示,最大输出功率结果表明其与光照强度近似线性关系,而最优阻抗的阻值随着光照强度的降低先缓慢再迅速增大。
尽管太阳能的收集可以不受地域限制,平原、山地或者是岛屿都可以设置光伏组件,但天气变化对每日的光照强度影响不可忽略。为此,这里通过对中国气象网站上南京江宁地区2021—2023年的历史气象数据整理得到如图5所示的归纳结果,可以发现有利于太阳能收集的“晴”天数只占到三年的10%,太阳能收集困难的“阴雨”天数占30%,剩下60%的天数则是太阳能取电功率波动较大的“多云为主”和“晴/多云”天气。实测2024年1月28日13:01阴雨天气中南京某处空旷地区光照强度为43.3 W/m2,图1所示装置的太阳能收集输出功率降低至5.05 mW。
图6整合了设置在江宁地区的多个微气象传感器在不同日期不同天气状况下不同时刻的光照强度,可以看出由于天气变化,在存在太阳光条件时,不同日期下的光照强度差距较大;但每天19:00到第二天05:00的光照强度都为0。对于使用光伏组件的微功率取电装置,光照强度每天大范围的浮动极大地增加了储能以及电能管理的负担,连续阴雨天气里装置一旦掉电不工作,将很难及时唤醒。
风能是一种重要的可再生清洁能源,中国气象网站江宁地区2021—2023年的风速整理结果如图7所示,其中95%的天数中风速低于7.9 m/s,这为稳定的风能收集提供了客观条件。
图8统计了多个微气象传感器数在不同日期中所测得的不同时刻的风速结果,可以看出在全天24 h范围内,风速不会出现大范围的规律性变化,整体较为平稳。特别统计后还可以发现微气象传感器测得的风速主要集中在5.0 m/s以下。结合图7统计的气象数据,可见风能取电装置设计的最优风速应该在1.5 ~ 5.0 m/s这个范围,“填补”太阳能收集方式在夜晚或连续阴雨天气里在输出功率上形成的“波谷”。
随着风速增大,涡流周期性脱落的频率与装置的固有频率接近时会引起共振,共振时涡流脱落频率被锁定且不再随风速变化。本装置利用压电效应实现风致涡激振动取电的输出功率主要与振动的频率、振幅、机电耦合系数等相关,共振时可以将取电装置结构等效为单自由度振动系统,其机电耦合模型如图9所示。
该模型下的动态平衡方程为
M u · · + D u · + K u + F p = F
式(4)中: u为等效质量与基座间的相对位移; u ·为相对速度; u · ·为相对加速度;D为系统的等效阻尼;F为涡流周期性脱落伴随的圆柱表面的压力分布变化所引起的激振力;Fp为压电元件通过逆压电效应施加在悬臂梁根部的力的等效。
F p = α V
压电元件的传感方程则为
Q = α U - C P V
式中:α为力因子;Q为压电元件上产生的电荷;CP为压电元件的等效电容。
式(4)左右为两边乘速度并对时间积分后可得
1 2 M u · 2 + 1 2 K u 2 + D u · 2 d t + F p u · d t = F u · d t
从式(7)可以看出由涡流脱落的激振力输入的能量 F u · d t被机械损耗 D u · 2 d t和机电转换能 F p u · d t所消耗。通过压电能量调控电路的开关切换对机电转换能进行操控,装置可以实现振动的抑制或者能量的收集[25]。选择弹簧钢作为悬臂梁来降低结构的等效阻尼,增大共振时的振幅,提高机电转换能,获得更大的输出功率。
悬臂梁轴向长度影响着结构的等效刚度,进而影响了风能取电装置的固有频率。当涡脱落频率接近装置固有频率时,悬臂梁结构会产生共振,进而最大化系统取电性能。因此,装置的固有频率影响着最优风速区间。由式(2)可知风速越低,涡脱落频率越低,因此对应较低固有频率的长悬臂梁结构可以拥有更低的启动风速,而短悬臂梁在高风速下更容易产生共振,对应的输出功率更大。参考图8的统计数据,本装置主要针对1.5~5.0 m/s这一风速区间进行优化,选取25 cm的悬臂梁,装置的固有频率在3.28 Hz左右。
实验所用低速风洞包含进出风道、收缩通道和蜂窝网板。YWF4E-400型鼓风机位于进风口,鼓风机的具体参数列于表2
图10所示,取电装置固定在出风口,热式风速仪测量圆柱钝体前方风速,可编程电阻作为等效负载接入电路输出端,用示波器记录不同风机档位下不同负载两端在结构振动的数十个周期内的电压波形以计算相应的平均功率。
实验结果如图11所示,与太阳能收集类似,随着风速增大,风致涡激振动取电最大输出功率相应提高,在4.3 m/s的风速下可产生4.63 mW的输出功率。但如图12所示,通过风致振动的风能取电的最大输出功率与风速之间未呈现非常明显的线性关系。
结合风能取电技术,本装置可以一定程度上弥补无法在夜间进行太阳能收集的不足,并且面对长期阴雨天气的恶劣环境时,微弱的太阳能收集加以风能取电也能够保证装置的供电对象保持休眠状态,确保在供电功率恢复较高水平时能够唤醒继续工作。除此之外,针对灰尘沉积也会降低光伏组件的输出功率的问题,取电装置通过压电能量调控电路,在晴天抑制装置的振动,稳定太阳能收集的输出功率,夜间利用风致涡激振动收集风能并实现抖动清灰。
图13所示,装置仍放置于低速风洞口,模拟光源固定在光伏组件的上方,光照强度始终维持在700 W/m2。通过示波器测量等效负载的两端电压,计算此时无灰尘覆盖的清洁状态下太阳能收集的输出功率。接着覆盖一定的灰尘于光伏组件的表面,测量负载两端电压以计算太阳能收集的输出功率;利用风致涡激振动对被灰尘覆盖的光伏组件进行5 min的抖动清灰后,测量负载两端电压以计算太阳能收集的输出功率;再次覆盖一定量的灰尘,在圆柱钝体固定的情况下,以相同风速2.7 m/s吹拂光伏组件的表面5 min后(模拟一般光伏取电装置的自然风吹拂清灰),测量负载两端电压以计算太阳能收集的输出功率。依次增大光伏组件表面灰尘覆盖量,通过对比未清灰、抖动清灰后和自然风吹拂清灰后的光伏组件的太阳能收集输出功率,验证装置的清灰性能。值得说明的是,这里的光照强度是为了验证清灰之后光伏组件的发电效果,清灰之后实际装置在此光照强度下将尽可能地保持稳定来最大化太阳能收集输出功率。另外,实验所用灰尘来自黄河壶口瀑布地区自然沉淀的沙尘。
实验的对比结果如图14所示,随着光伏组件表面灰尘覆盖量的增加,光伏组件发电功率迅速降低,在灰尘覆盖量达到355 g/m2后光伏组件的输出功率降至清洁状态下的1.7%;仅靠类似自然条件的2.7 m/s风速的微风对光伏组件表面进行吹拂清灰的效果有限,吹拂清灰后,光伏组件的太阳能收集的输出功率相比未清灰时只有略微提高;而利用相同风速下的风致涡激振动效应对光伏组件进行抖动清灰后,光伏组件的太阳能收集的输出功率相比未清灰时提升明显。即使光伏组件表面的灰尘覆盖量达到690 g/m2,抖动清灰后,太阳能收集的输出功率也能达到清洁状态时的84%。图15展示了690 g/m2灰尘覆盖下光伏组件表面和抖动清灰后的表面,可以看到,通过风致涡激振动实现抖动清灰对于清洁沉积在光伏组件表面的干灰尘具有良好的效果。
通过压电效应利用风致涡激振动,设计了一种结构简单且具有自清洁的风光互补取电装置,结合气象统计数据对装置的太阳能和风能收集性能进行了实验测试,比较了不同灰尘覆盖量下光伏组件的振动清灰性能。
(1)该装置的太阳能收集的最大输出功率与光照强度呈线性关系,最优阻抗随着光照强度的降低先缓慢再迅速增大,在模拟晴朗天气下的948.1 W/m2光照强度下可产生77.28 mW的输出功率。
(2)利用压电效应实现风致涡激振动取电的启动风速在1.5 m/s左右,最大输出功率随风速增大而提高,实验条件下的4.3 m/s风速可以产生4.63 mW的输出功率。
(3)在不同灰尘覆盖量下,比较了本文装置的光伏组件利用风致涡激振动实现抖动清灰后的输出功率与模拟一般光伏组件通过自然条件的吹拂清灰后的输出功率,光伏组件抖动清灰后的输出功率能够达到清洁状态下的84%以上,明显优于自然条件的吹拂清灰。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52241103)
  • 南京航空航天大学前瞻布局科研专项(ILA22003)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404026
  • 接收时间:2024-05-30
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-05-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-30
  • 修回日期:2025-02-17
基金
国家自然科学基金(52241103)
南京航空航天大学前瞻布局科研专项(ILA22003)
作者信息
    1. 南京航空航天大学航空航天结构力学及控制全国重点实验室, 南京 210000
    2. 国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院, 南京 210000

通讯作者:

*吴义鹏(1986—),男,汉族,江苏南通人,博士,副教授。研究方向:环境自取电方向、自供电无线传感器。E-mail:
参考文献
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxjsygc/CN/10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404026
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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