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Clouds play a crucial role in the atmospheric dynamics of the Earth, and precise segmentation of ground-based cloud images is essential for improving the accuracy of weather forecasting. In response to issues such as varying data quality, low data volume, and different capture angles in existing open-source cloud image datasets, a labeled standard ground-based cloud image dataset (Cloud-GT) was constructed using manual annotation and transfer learning methods. The color channel component threshold segmentation method was employed to eliminate sunlight interference. Furthermore, an improved U2Net-based ground-based cloud image segmentation technique was proposed. The model introduced channel attention modules and depth-wise separable convolution modules in the feature extraction unit, which greatly reduces the network model parameters while improving the effective feature extraction of ground-based cloud maps within the network. Finally, comparing and analyzing the method with classical segmentation networks, experimental results indicated that the method achieved classification pixel accuracy, mean class pixel accuracy, average intersection over union, intersection over union, and F1 score of 84.03%, 90.88%, 84.13%, 74.12%, and 89.59%, respectively. In comparison with U2Net, UNet, and FCN, the method demonstrated a significant improvement in performance. In conclusion, the method not only substantially reduced the model parameters but also effectively enhanced segmentation accuracy, which provides the possibility of practical application.
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云在地球的大气运动中扮演着重要的角色,精准分割地基云图对天气预报精度的提升起着至关重要的作用。针对现有开源云图数据集数据质量不一、数据量低、拍摄角度不同等问题,通过人工标注和迁移学习的方法构建了带标签的标准地基云图数据集(Cloud-GT),利用颜色通道分量阈值分割法剔除太阳光干扰,并在此基础上提出了一种基于改进U2Net的地基云图分割技术。该模型在特征提取单元中引入了通道注意力模块和深度可分离卷积模块,在提高网络内部对地基云图有效特征提取的同时极大减少了网络模型参数。最后,将该方法与经典分割网络进行比较分析,实验结果表明,该方法的类别像素准确率、类别平均像素精度、平均交并比、交并比和F1分别达到了84.03%、90.88%、84.13%、74.12%和89.59%,与U2Net、UNet和FCN相比,其效果有了明显的提升。可见该方法不仅极大地减少了模型的参数量,还有效提高了分割的精度,为实际应用提供了可能。
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翟坤宁(1999—),男,汉族,河南许昌人,硕士研究生。研究方向:深度学习、图像识别。E-mail:1227879056@qq.com。
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翟坤宁(1999—),男,汉族,河南许昌人,硕士研究生。研究方向:深度学习、图像识别。E-mail:1227879056@qq.com。
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Science Technology and Engineering,
2022,
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Haikang DS-2CD83C6F all sky imager, figureFileSmall=ltB8ReAgHPm2zodkuGQW6A==, figureFileBig=SHw3iwB4UuvhV6YixD4OuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984178191778620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769460103431108, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
海康DS-2CD83C6F全天空成像仪, figureFileSmall=ltB8ReAgHPm2zodkuGQW6A==, figureFileBig=SHw3iwB4UuvhV6YixD4OuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984178254693181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769460103431108, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Standard foundation cloud map dataset Cloud-GT construction process, figureFileSmall=25oGRSdY6axpqQf0CgW9Qw==, figureFileBig=2rAyxalTG9yuQOhy7RxWbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984178313413438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769460103431108, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
标准地基云图数据集Cloud-GT构建流程, figureFileSmall=25oGRSdY6axpqQf0CgW9Qw==, figureFileBig=2rAyxalTG9yuQOhy7RxWbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984178372133695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769460103431108, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Sunlight removal effect diagram, figureFileSmall=j04szU4KuPvAPVyuBppJOQ==, figureFileBig=AC7ZybOUy4j9LK1vbULudw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984178443436864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769460103431108, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
太阳光去除效果图, figureFileSmall=j04szU4KuPvAPVyuBppJOQ==, figureFileBig=AC7ZybOUy4j9LK1vbULudw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984178497962817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769460103431108, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
U2Net network model, figureFileSmall=Q142OuXOvTSAd3SFCPVplg==, figureFileBig=dFamy+2c8g/s4qwiaEJaXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984178552488770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769460103431108, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
U2Net网络模型, figureFileSmall=Q142OuXOvTSAd3SFCPVplg==, figureFileBig=dFamy+2c8g/s4qwiaEJaXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984178636374851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769460103431108, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
ECA network architecture, figureFileSmall=JDwH5KO+g08viucirMotPA==, figureFileBig=8ezYoz/WI2lDoyefm320lQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984178791564100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769460103431108, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
ECA网络结构 H、W、C为图片的高、宽以及通道数;GAP为全局平均池化操作; 为Sigmoid函数; 和 分别为加权前后的特征图
, figureFileSmall=JDwH5KO+g08viucirMotPA==, figureFileBig=8ezYoz/WI2lDoyefm320lQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984178846090053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769460103431108, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Comparison of two RSU modules, figureFileSmall=bbvg+zhVItbQlt+/bvR6Wg==, figureFileBig=drOeB+itgMApg3jmI+CrcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984178921587526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769460103431108, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
两种RSU模块对比 Cin为输入特征图的通道数;Cout为输出特征图的通道数;DE为深度可分离卷积模块
, figureFileSmall=bbvg+zhVItbQlt+/bvR6Wg==, figureFileBig=drOeB+itgMApg3jmI+CrcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984178992890695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769460103431108, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Different network segmentation results, figureFileSmall=Ovh4NbD4l1q2KCnhjst4/w==, figureFileBig=RaUMxCN2UpdtqgmAEr/bRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984179080971080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769460103431108, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
不同网络分割结果, figureFileSmall=Ovh4NbD4l1q2KCnhjst4/w==, figureFileBig=RaUMxCN2UpdtqgmAEr/bRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172984179148079945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769460103431108, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Dataset distribution
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| SWIMSEG开源数据集 | 人工标注数据集 | 模型标注数据集 | 总计 |
| 861 | 346 | 3 822 | 5 029 |
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数据集分布
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| SWIMSEG开源数据集 | 人工标注数据集 | 模型标注数据集 | 总计 |
| 861 | 346 | 3 822 | 5 029 |
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Comparison of experimental results
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| 网络 | ECA | DE-Conv | PA/% | CPA/% | MPA/% | MIOU/% | Recall/% | IOU/% | F1/% | 大小/Mb |
| 原算法 | × | × | 97.33 | 76.66 | 86.56 | 81.06 | 90.19 | 69.21 | 87.09 | 504 |
| 算法1 | × | √ | 97.38 | 80.90 | 88.49 | 81.95 | 89.46 | 70.55 | 87.83 | 59 |
| 算法2 | √ | × | 97.77 | 83.18 | 89.73 | 83.89 | 91.17 | 73.92 | 89.37 | 504 |
| 本文算法 | √ | √ | 97.72 | 84.03 | 90.88 | 84.13 | 90.25 | 74.12 | 89.59 | 59 |
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实验结果对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 网络 | ECA | DE-Conv | PA/% | CPA/% | MPA/% | MIOU/% | Recall/% | IOU/% | F1/% | 大小/Mb |
| 原算法 | × | × | 97.33 | 76.66 | 86.56 | 81.06 | 90.19 | 69.21 | 87.09 | 504 |
| 算法1 | × | √ | 97.38 | 80.90 | 88.49 | 81.95 | 89.46 | 70.55 | 87.83 | 59 |
| 算法2 | √ | × | 97.77 | 83.18 | 89.73 | 83.89 | 91.17 | 73.92 | 89.37 | 504 |
| 本文算法 | √ | √ | 97.72 | 84.03 | 90.88 | 84.13 | 90.25 | 74.12 | 89.59 | 59 |
), ArticleFig(id=1172984179492012882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769460103431108, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Performance comparison of segmented network models
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| 算法 | PA/% | CPA/% | MPA/% | MIOU/% | Recall/% | IOU/% | F1/% |
| FCN | 55.37 | 24.28 | 52.26 | 31.29 | 52.93 | 18.38 | 40.77 |
| UNet | 90.73 | 65.85 | 76.36 | 64.65 | 80.25 | 45.70 | 72.78 |
| Mobile_UNet | 92.51 | 68.06 | 79.23 | 67.70 | 80.06 | 50.06 | 75.49 |
| U2Net | 97.33 | 76.66 | 86.56 | 81.06 | 90.19 | 69.21 | 87.09 |
| 本文算法 | 97.72 | 84.03 | 90.88 | 84.13 | 90.25 | 74.12 | 89.59 |
), ArticleFig(id=1172984179596870485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769460103431108, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
分割网络模型性能对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 算法 | PA/% | CPA/% | MPA/% | MIOU/% | Recall/% | IOU/% | F1/% |
| FCN | 55.37 | 24.28 | 52.26 | 31.29 | 52.93 | 18.38 | 40.77 |
| UNet | 90.73 | 65.85 | 76.36 | 64.65 | 80.25 | 45.70 | 72.78 |
| Mobile_UNet | 92.51 | 68.06 | 79.23 | 67.70 | 80.06 | 50.06 | 75.49 |
| U2Net | 97.33 | 76.66 | 86.56 | 81.06 | 90.19 | 69.21 | 87.09 |
| 本文算法 | 97.72 | 84.03 | 90.88 | 84.13 | 90.25 | 74.12 | 89.59 |
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