Article(id=1149769459658834877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405614, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1721923200000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-26, revisedDate=1740672000000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752056000866, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1747497600000, pubDateStr=2025-05-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752056000866, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752056000866, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752056000866, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149769458706723113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='14', pageStart='5705', pageEnd='6154', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752056000638, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456798957, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559392753041779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559392753041780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=5823, endPage=5829, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149769459830801343, articleId=1149769459658834877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Evaluation of Plugging Performance and Production Enhancement Effect of Channeling Blocking Agents for Supercritical CO2 Flooding, columnId=1156262729003422020, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

CO2 flooding technology, recognized as a mature tertiary recovery method, is widely applied in complex small fault-block oilfields with strong heterogeneity. However, severe gas channeling is commonly observed during CO2 flooding. As a result, the improvement in oil displacement efficiency remains low, typically below 10%. To address this, effective methods were explored to enhance oil displacement efficiency. Foam profile control and plugging were utilized as key techniques to achieve this enhancement.In the experiment, the JS oilfield was used as an example. The foam performance of the gas-soluble foaming plugging agent G-CF4 and the water-soluble foaming plugging agent W-CF1 was compared. The plugging agent with better foam performance was selected. Its plugging ability and oil displacement efficiency were tested.The results show that under target reservoir conditions, the optimal foaming plugging agent is 0.25% G-CF4.Moreover, the greater the permeability difference within the core combination, the stronger the plugging effect of G-CF4 in high-permeability cores.For a core combination with a permeability difference of 88 mD, the resistance coefficient of high-permeability cores is 2.5 times higher than that of a core combination with a permeability difference of 50 mD. In the core combination with 88 mD permeability difference, G-CF4 can maintain the resistance coefficient of high permeability cores above 9.2.The injection of 0.25% G-CF4 solution for 0.3 PV, followed by CO2 flooding, improves oil displacement efficiency by 15% compared to CO2 flooding alone.This study provides laboratory evidence supporting the optimization of foaming plugging technology in the JS oilfield.

, correspAuthors=Shu-ting ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Guang-dong ZHANG, Shu-ting ZHAO, Hao JING, Yun-fan WEN, Di-feng ZENG, Fan YANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149769498317734464, articleId=1149769459658834877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=超临界CO2驱用封窜剂的封堵性能及提采效果评价, columnId=1156262729603207500, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·石油、天然气工业, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=CO2驱油技术作为成熟的三次采油技术,已经广泛在非均质性强的复杂小断块油田中应用。然而CO2驱油气窜严重,导致驱油效率改善普遍低于10%。为此,通过泡沫调剖封堵,寻求提高CO2驱油效率的方法。以JS油田为例,对比了气溶性封窜剂G-CF4与W-CF1水溶性封窜剂的泡沫性能,并测试了泡沫性能更佳的封窜剂的封堵性能及提采效果。结果表明,在目标储层条件下,最佳泡沫体系为0.25%的G-CF4。同时,岩心组合渗透率级差越大,G-CF4在高渗透率岩心中的封窜能力越强,88 mD级差中高渗透率岩心的阻力系数是50 mD级的2.5倍。在88 mD级差岩心组合中,G-CF4可将高渗透率岩心的阻力系数维持在9.2以上。先注入0.25%的G-CF4溶液0.3 PV,再通过CO2驱油,可提高原CO2驱油效率15%。研究结果为JS油田泡沫封堵技术的优化提供室内实验支持。, correspAuthors=赵淑婷, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*赵淑婷(1997—),女,汉族,新疆克拉玛依人,硕士研究生。研究方向:提高采收率。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=f9bT+hBKQQrQ+jqDBagkKw==, magXml=E7zv5m0hV5Q8riQKseag8A==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=stVhHJUsmi4KCxXWjoO+gw==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=eqlyvt2JF2sOUirIL0Tjxw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

张广东(1980—),男,汉族,辽宁朝阳人,博士,高级实验师,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:流体相态、油气田开发和提高采收率。E-mail:

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张广东(1980—),男,汉族,辽宁朝阳人,博士,高级实验师,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:流体相态、油气田开发和提高采收率。E-mail:

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张广东(1980—),男,汉族,辽宁朝阳人,博士,高级实验师,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:流体相态、油气田开发和提高采收率。E-mail:

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Core properties

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岩心编号 孔隙度/% 渗透率/mD
JS2 14.9 10
JS96 17.1 60
JS33 25.13 98
JS6 14.6 13
JS65 18.1 122
JS1-2 18.12 122
JS2 14.9 10
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实验岩心基础参数表

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岩心编号 孔隙度/% 渗透率/mD
JS2 14.9 10
JS96 17.1 60
JS33 25.13 98
JS6 14.6 13
JS65 18.1 122
JS1-2 18.12 122
JS2 14.9 10
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Foam performance of plugging agents in a supercritical CO2 environment

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型号 最大泡沫高/
cm
析液半衰期/
min
FCI/
(cm·min)
W-CF1 42.7 93 2 978
G-CF4 39.5 199 5 895
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封窜剂在超临界CO2环境中的泡沫性能

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型号 最大泡沫高/
cm
析液半衰期/
min
FCI/
(cm·min)
W-CF1 42.7 93 2 978
G-CF4 39.5 199 5 895
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Foam performance of different plugging agents at various temperature

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型号 温度/
最大泡沫
高度/cm
泡沫半衰期/
min
FCI/
(cm·min)
G-CF4 20 17 150 1 913
50 24.96 31.5 590
W-CF1 20 16.6 170 2 117
50 13.75 21 217
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不同封窜剂在不同温度下的泡沫性能

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型号 温度/
最大泡沫
高度/cm
泡沫半衰期/
min
FCI/
(cm·min)
G-CF4 20 17 150 1 913
50 24.96 31.5 590
W-CF1 20 16.6 170 2 117
50 13.75 21 217
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Core combination table

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岩心编号 渗透率/mD 级差/mD
JS2 10 50
JS96 60
JS33 98 38
JS96 60
JS6 13 109
JS65 122
), ArticleFig(id=1172929993735811719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459658834877, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

岩心组合表

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岩心编号 渗透率/mD 级差/mD
JS2 10 50
JS96 60
JS33 98 38
JS96 60
JS6 13 109
JS65 122
), ArticleFig(id=1172929993798726280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459658834877, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Core combination table

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岩心编号 渗透率/mD 级差/mD
JS2 10 50
JS96 60
JS33 98 88
JS2 10
), ArticleFig(id=1172929993861640841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459658834877, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

岩心组合表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩心编号 渗透率/mD 级差/mD
JS2 10 50
JS96 60
JS33 98 88
JS2 10
), ArticleFig(id=1172929993937138314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459658834877, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Oil displacement efficiency of plugging agent under different injection slug sizes

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实验结果 不同段塞下的驱油效率/%
0.1 PV 0.2 PV 0.3 PV 0.4 PV
用封窜剂后CO2驱驱油效率/% 79.29 82.86 86.43 87.86
封窜剂对CO2驱油效率的
提升效果/%
7.86 11.43 15.00 16.43
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封窜剂在不同注入段塞下的驱油效率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验结果 不同段塞下的驱油效率/%
0.1 PV 0.2 PV 0.3 PV 0.4 PV
用封窜剂后CO2驱驱油效率/% 79.29 82.86 86.43 87.86
封窜剂对CO2驱油效率的
提升效果/%
7.86 11.43 15.00 16.43
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超临界CO2驱用封窜剂的封堵性能及提采效果评价
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张广东 1 , 赵淑婷 1, * , 敬豪 2 , 温云帆 3 , 曾第峰 4 , 杨帆 1
科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025,25(14): 5823-5829
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025, 25(14): 5823-5829
超临界CO2驱用封窜剂的封堵性能及提采效果评价
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张广东1 , 赵淑婷1, * , 敬豪2, 温云帆3, 曾第峰4, 杨帆1
作者信息
  • 1. 西南石油大学石油工程与天然气学院, 成都 610000
  • 2. 中国石油西南油气田公司天然气研究院, 成都 610000
  • 3. 长庆油田公司勘探开发研究院苏里格气田开发研究所, 西安 710000
  • 4. 长庆油田公司第三采气厂, 鄂尔多斯 017000
  • 张广东(1980—),男,汉族,辽宁朝阳人,博士,高级实验师,硕士研究生导师。研究方向:流体相态、油气田开发和提高采收率。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*赵淑婷(1997—),女,汉族,新疆克拉玛依人,硕士研究生。研究方向:提高采收率。E-mail:
Evaluation of Plugging Performance and Production Enhancement Effect of Channeling Blocking Agents for Supercritical CO2 Flooding
Guang-dong ZHANG1 , Shu-ting ZHAO1, * , Hao JING2, Yun-fan WEN3, Di-feng ZENG4, Fan YANG1
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Petroleum Engineering and Natural Gas, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610000, China
  • 2. Research Institute of Natural Gas Technology, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company, Chengdu 610000, China
  • 3. PetroChina Exploration Development Institute, Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi'an 710000, China
  • 4. The Third Gas Production Plant of Changqing Oilfield Company, Changqing Oilfield Company, Erdos 017000, China
出版时间: 2025-05-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405614
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CO2驱油技术作为成熟的三次采油技术,已经广泛在非均质性强的复杂小断块油田中应用。然而CO2驱油气窜严重,导致驱油效率改善普遍低于10%。为此,通过泡沫调剖封堵,寻求提高CO2驱油效率的方法。以JS油田为例,对比了气溶性封窜剂G-CF4与W-CF1水溶性封窜剂的泡沫性能,并测试了泡沫性能更佳的封窜剂的封堵性能及提采效果。结果表明,在目标储层条件下,最佳泡沫体系为0.25%的G-CF4。同时,岩心组合渗透率级差越大,G-CF4在高渗透率岩心中的封窜能力越强,88 mD级差中高渗透率岩心的阻力系数是50 mD级的2.5倍。在88 mD级差岩心组合中,G-CF4可将高渗透率岩心的阻力系数维持在9.2以上。先注入0.25%的G-CF4溶液0.3 PV,再通过CO2驱油,可提高原CO2驱油效率15%。研究结果为JS油田泡沫封堵技术的优化提供室内实验支持。
CO2驱  /  封窜剂  /  封堵性能  /  泡沫性能  /  非均质储层

CO2 flooding technology, recognized as a mature tertiary recovery method, is widely applied in complex small fault-block oilfields with strong heterogeneity. However, severe gas channeling is commonly observed during CO2 flooding. As a result, the improvement in oil displacement efficiency remains low, typically below 10%. To address this, effective methods were explored to enhance oil displacement efficiency. Foam profile control and plugging were utilized as key techniques to achieve this enhancement.In the experiment, the JS oilfield was used as an example. The foam performance of the gas-soluble foaming plugging agent G-CF4 and the water-soluble foaming plugging agent W-CF1 was compared. The plugging agent with better foam performance was selected. Its plugging ability and oil displacement efficiency were tested.The results show that under target reservoir conditions, the optimal foaming plugging agent is 0.25% G-CF4.Moreover, the greater the permeability difference within the core combination, the stronger the plugging effect of G-CF4 in high-permeability cores.For a core combination with a permeability difference of 88 mD, the resistance coefficient of high-permeability cores is 2.5 times higher than that of a core combination with a permeability difference of 50 mD. In the core combination with 88 mD permeability difference, G-CF4 can maintain the resistance coefficient of high permeability cores above 9.2.The injection of 0.25% G-CF4 solution for 0.3 PV, followed by CO2 flooding, improves oil displacement efficiency by 15% compared to CO2 flooding alone.This study provides laboratory evidence supporting the optimization of foaming plugging technology in the JS oilfield.

CO2 flooding  /  plugging agent  /  plugging ability  /  foam performance  /  heterogeneous reservoir
张广东, 赵淑婷, 敬豪, 温云帆, 曾第峰, 杨帆. 超临界CO2驱用封窜剂的封堵性能及提采效果评价. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (14) : 5823 -5829 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405614
Guang-dong ZHANG, Shu-ting ZHAO, Hao JING, Yun-fan WEN, Di-feng ZENG, Fan YANG. Evaluation of Plugging Performance and Production Enhancement Effect of Channeling Blocking Agents for Supercritical CO2 Flooding[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (14) : 5823 -5829 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405614
近年来,陆上东部老油田新发现油田储量劣质化日益加剧,稳产难度不断增加。又由于技术及效益上的限制,导致目前致密油、页岩油等非常规油藏难以成为油田稳产的支柱。因此,复杂断块油藏的高效开发仍应给予足够重视[1]。在复杂断块油藏中,CO2驱油气技术作为一种有效的增油气手段,同时又具有减排和碳封存的环境优势,符合CCUS(carbon capture, utilization and storage)国家未来碳减排战略[2-6]。但CO2驱易出现气窜问题,泡沫封堵技术可以选择性地封堵高渗透带和高含水层解决该问题[7-8]
最早的泡沫封堵技术的研究表明,泡沫引起气相渗透率迅速降低,延缓气体突破,提高采收率[9]。该技术在新疆、大庆和长庆等地的低渗透储层中取得了满意的结果。CO2泡沫在热力学上是不稳定的,需要加入封窜剂使其稳定,常见的封窜剂类型有水溶性和气溶性封窜剂[10-12]。Sigma-Aldrich公司提出一种磺酸型表面活性剂,该封窜剂为水溶性封窜剂,只溶解在水相中,这可能导致它们在注入后与较轻的CO2分离,在实地操作中,这种分离可能会影响泡沫的稳定性和效率[13]。相比之下,既溶于水又溶于CO2的气溶性封窜剂可以更好地分布到地层深处并有助于维持泡沫稳定性。全氟烷基聚醚G-CF4是一种较好的气溶性封窜剂,但还不清楚它在超临界CO2环境下非均质性储层的效果。
以JS油田为例,现通过泡沫评价实验,优化两类封窜剂的使用浓度,对比两类封窜剂泡沫的耐温、耐压、耐超临界CO2性能,最后优选出更适用于超临界CO2环境下非均质性储层H17断块的封窜剂类型。随后通过多孔介质实验,对优选出的封窜剂的封窜能力及提采能力进行评估,为JS油田泡沫封堵技术的优化提供实验数据及理论支持。
选择JS油田的H17断块作为研究对象,岩心物性如表1所示。
依据H17断块地层水情况,配制矿化度22 662 mg/L的CaCl2型地层水。
模拟地层油样采用真实的原油和模拟伴生气配制,按照泡点压力10.2 MPa配样。模拟地层油样的高压物性为:体积系数 1.189 5,地下原油密度0.766 2 g/cm3,地层压力下黏度 2.41 mPa·s。
驱替气为纯CO2,封窜剂试剂均源自上海研究院。以去离子水为水相,制成G-CF4气溶性封窜剂溶液、W-CF1水溶性封窜剂溶液。其中G-CF4为含氟表面活性剂(全氟烷基聚醚),是既可溶于水又可溶于CO2的气溶性封窜剂。在开展实验前,G-CF4需在常温常压下用CO2进行处理,处理后呈透明状态。而W-CF1为磺酸型表面活性剂(十二烷基苯磺酸钠),是仅能溶于水的水溶性封窜剂。
所有泡沫性能评价实验是在YP-1型高温高压泡沫评价装置上完成的。该装置耐温200 ℃,耐压25 MPa,能实现超临界CO2条件下的可视化测试。实验仪器的圆柱形腔体壁高100 cm,直径5 cm,底部设有转速为2 160 r/min的磁力耦合电机,可确保封窜剂达到最佳观测高度45 cm。
所有封堵效果及提采评价实验是在国产高温高压驱替装置上完成的,高温高压驱替装置主要由注入泵系统、岩心夹持器、回压调节器、压力表、控温系统、液体收集器组成。
对G-CF4气溶性封窜剂及W-CF1水溶性封窜剂的泡沫性能进行测试,评估它们在油藏条件下(超临界CO2环境)的起泡效果,并分析封窜剂浓度、压力、温度对封窜剂泡沫性能的影响。优选出表现良好的封窜剂进行后续实验。
采用高精度驱替泵,将预先配置好的0.15%浓度封窜剂注入200 mL至YP-1型高温高压泡沫评价装置中。随后,将仪器升温至100 ℃,并使用高精度泵将CO2气体注入YP-1,直至实验压力达到15 MPa,待系统压力稳定平衡后开始实验。调整搅拌系统的转速,待泡沫高度稳定后关闭搅拌系统并测定泡沫高度。通过测量最大泡沫高度、泡沫析液半衰期并计算泡沫综合指数(foam comprehensive index,FCI)。
泡沫综合指数由钱昱等[14]提出,用于在对起泡剂性能进行综合评价,公式为
F C I = 3 4 h m a x t 1 / 2
式(1)中:hmax为泡沫最大高度,cm;t1/2为析液半衰期时间,min。
分析在超临界CO2环境下的泡沫性能差异,统计结果如表2所示。
配置浓度为0.5%的G-CF4、W-CF1样品,根据Waring Blender法的原理,在0.1 MPa下,将封窜剂溶液在20、50 ℃的温度下搅拌2 min,起泡静置,测量其最大泡沫高度及泡沫半衰期时间并计算FCI,结果如表3所示。
当温度由20 ℃升至50 ℃,G-CF4的泡沫半衰期时间减少118.5 min,W-CF1泡沫半衰期时间减少149 min。G-CF4泡沫的最大高度增加7.96 cm,W-CF1泡沫的最大高度减小2.85 cm。G-CF4的耐温性能优于W-CF1。
在温度为100 ℃的条件下,分别向YP-1型高温高压泡沫评价装置加入0.25%浓度的气溶性封窜剂G-CF4和水溶性封窜剂W-CF1溶液各200 mL,并充入10、15、20 MPa的CO2,待温度压力平衡后,搅拌3 min并测量两种不同的封窜剂在不同压力下的析液半衰期、半衰期泡沫高度并计算FCI,实验结果如图1~图3所示。
在10~15 MPa范围内,随着压力上升,水溶性封窜剂W-CF1和气溶性封窜剂G-CF4的半衰期泡沫高度、析液半衰期均呈上升趋势。在15~18 MPa的范围内,压力继续上升,由于液膜面积A不能无限压缩,液膜弹性系数E会增加后趋于稳定,导致水溶性封窜剂W-CF1的析液半衰期上升趋势减缓;而对于气溶性封窜剂G-CF4,随着压力增加,G-CF4会从水相溶解到超临界CO2中,水相中的封窜剂溶液浓度降低,膜的强度和弹性效应降低,G-CF4析液半衰期呈下降趋势。
图3所示,两类封窜剂的最优使用压力均为15 MPa,这也是H17的地层条件。在地层条件下(100 ℃、15 MPa),W-CF1的半衰期泡沫高度达最高值46.5 cm,比G-CF4的半衰期泡沫高度高7 cm,W-CF1泡沫稳定性略优于G-CF4;此时,G-CF4的析液半衰期达最高值243.2 min,稳泡能力远优于析液半衰期最高值仅为144.9 min的W-CF1。G-CF4的FCI为7205 cm·min,是W-CF1的FCI的1.5倍,综合来说,高压下,G-CF4的泡沫性能更佳,G-CF4的耐压能力优于W-CF1。
在温度为100 ℃的条件下,分别向YP-1型高温高压泡沫评价装置加入0.075%、0.15%、0.25%、0.5%浓度的气溶性封窜剂G-CF4和水溶性封窜剂W-CF1各200 mL,并充入15 MPa的CO2。待温度压力平衡后,搅拌3 min并测量两种不同的封窜剂在不同浓度下的析液半衰期、半衰期泡沫高度以及FCI,实验结果如图4~图6所示。
从起泡能力角度出发,封窜剂浓度由0.075%增加至0.5%,G-CF4的半衰期泡沫高度呈持续增长趋势,但仅增长2.5 cm;而W-CF1的半衰期泡沫高度呈波动衰减趋势,随着浓度由0.075%增至0.5%,W-CF1半衰期泡沫高度由53 cm减小至40 cm。虽然W-CF1波动幅度较大,但在0.075%~0.48%范围内,W-CF1起泡能力整体优于G-CF4。
从泡沫稳定性角度出发,封窜剂浓度由0.075%增至0.5%,水溶性封窜剂W-CF1和气溶性封窜剂G-CF4的泡沫稳定能力均呈上升趋势。W-CF1的析液半衰期时间增加了194.5 min,G-CF4的析液半衰期时间增加了200 min。当封窜剂浓度达0.5%时,G-CF4的析液半衰期时间达最高值298.1 min,比同等条件下W-CF1的析液半衰期时间要长80.3 min。在0.075%~0.5%的封窜剂浓度范围内,气溶性封窜剂G-CF4的稳泡能力优于W-CF1。
图6所示,随着封窜剂浓度的上升,W-CF1的FCI由927 cm·min增至6 533 cm·min,G-CF4的FCI由2 787.3 cm·min增至9 054.8 cm·min,G-CF4的增幅高于W-CF1。在0.075%~0.5%浓度范围内,气溶性封窜剂G-CF4的FCI整体优于水溶性封窜剂W-CF1。当封窜剂浓度高于0.25%时, FCI的增长趋势减缓,因此0.25%被认为是W-CF1和G-CF4的最佳起泡浓度。G-CF4的泡沫性能优于W-CF1。
2.1节探讨了温度、压力、封窜剂浓度、超临界CO2对两种封窜剂起泡能力、稳泡能力、FCI的影响。可知在储层条件下(100 ℃,15 MPa),0.25%的气溶性封窜剂G-CF4表现出优异的发泡稳定性能,且优于水溶性封窜剂W-CF1。
结合上述实验结果,本节通过对比不同渗透率岩心并列组合下岩心对气溶性封窜剂G-CF4的吸入量、阻力系数差距,评估G-CF4的封堵性能。又通过对比纯CO2驱油及使用封窜剂后CO2驱油的驱油效率差异,评估封窜剂的提采效果。
在100 ℃、15 MPa的条件下,将岩心JS2、JS96、JS33、JS6、JS65分别组合为10~60 mD、60~100 mD和10~120 mD 3种级差岩心组,组合方式如表4所示,实验流程如图7所示。
以0.5 mL/min的注入速度向岩心组合注入气溶性封窜剂G-CF4,测定不同物性岩心中G-CF4的吸入量,结果如图8图9所示。
当渗透率级差在38~50 mD范围内,高渗透率岩心吸收封窜剂份额稳定在76.69%~77.74%,低渗透率岩心吸收封窜剂份额稳定在23.31%~21.87%。随着渗透率级差增加,封窜剂在高渗透岩心和低渗透岩心之间的分配比例稳定在8∶2,分流比稳定在3.29~3.55范围内。
而渗透率级差为50~109 mD范围内,岩心组合渗透率级差越大,高渗透率岩心封窜剂吸入量更大,低渗透率岩心吸入量的更小,分流比由3.55涨至288.62。在岩心组合渗透率级差为109 mD时,低渗岩心吸入量仅为0.35%,G-CF4几乎起不到封堵效果,导致封窜剂堵大不堵小。
选择3种不同物性岩心JS2、JS96、JS33,两两组合(10~60 mD、10 ~100 mD),组合方式如表5所示,实验流程图如图7所示。
在地层温度(100 ℃)和压力(15 MPa)下,以0.5 mL/min的注入速度先注入0.1 PV的CO2,再注入0.3 PV的G-CF4封窜剂,最后以相同的注入速度开始注CO2驱替。在研究中,以阻力系数RF作为泡沫在岩心中封堵强度的度量,公式为
R F = Δ P f Δ P b
式(2)中: Δ P f为注入泡沫时岩心模型两端压力差,MPa; Δ P b为相同流量下水驱时岩心模型两端压力差,MPa。
通过实验中不同岩心组合中岩心阻力系数变化,对比分析不同物性岩心组合的封窜效果,实验结果如图10图11所示。
在G-CF4注入阶段:随着封窜剂注入量由0 PV提升至0.3 PV,在10~60 mD岩心组合中,高渗岩心阻力系数由0.73提升至3.2,低渗岩心阻力系数仅在0.72~1.17范围内波动;在10~100 mD岩心组合中,高渗岩心阻力系数由0.8提升至11.9,低渗岩心阻力系数仅在0.67~1.2范围内波动。在注入0.3 PV的G-CF4时,在级差为88 mD的岩心组合中,高渗透率岩心的阻力系数是级差为50 mD岩心组合的高渗透率岩心的阻力系数的3.7倍。封窜剂在不同岩心组合的低渗岩心中几乎起不到封堵效果。
在CO2驱替阶段:由于气溶性封窜剂G-CF4既可溶于水也可溶于CO2,在CO2驱替初期,CO2能将G-CF4带入岩心更深处。气泡在孔隙和喉道间发生缩变作用,在气泡从一个孔隙进入另一个喉道过程中,气泡会向喉道扩张。同时由于气泡在孔隙中发生挤压作用,从而生成更多气泡。在CO2驱替初期,在渗透率级差为50 mD的岩心组合中,高渗透率岩心的阻力系数提升1,在渗透率级差为88 mD的岩心组合中,高渗透率岩心的阻力系数提升1.7。待CO2突破后封堵能力略有下降,但此时孔道中较多呈现为一个气泡占据一个或多个孔道,这使不同组合中高渗透率岩心依旧有着良好的封堵能力。CO2驱替阶段,在10~100 mD岩心组合中,高渗透率岩心的阻力系数始终高于9.2;在10~60 mD岩心组合中,高渗透率岩心的阻力系数始终高于2.6。岩心组合中渗透率级差越高,G-CF4在组合中高渗透率岩心的封窜能力越好。
在原始地层温度压力(100 ℃、15 MPa)下,向实验岩样JS1-2中饱和水,然后进行油驱水建立模拟地层条件。用CO2驱油至无油流出的状态,获取此时的压差和驱油效率等参数。采用0.5 mL/min的注入速度向实验岩样中注入不同的段塞尺寸(0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4 PV)的封窜剂,再继续注入CO2直至无油产出,根据驱油效率和压差等参数优化出注入量。根据储层流动实验最高压力梯度标准,若实验压差梯度大于2 MPa/cm可停止实验。实验结果如表6所示。
由实验结果可知,仅使用CO2驱时,驱油效率为71.43%。使用G-CF4封窜剂后,气泡将尺寸较大孔道堵塞住,使得CO2转向进入残余油饱和度较高的孔道进行驱替,发生调驱分流作用,CO2驱的驱油效率至少提升7.86%。
驱油效率随G-CF4注入段塞增加而增加,当注入段塞大于0.3 PV时,驱油效率增幅减小,结合实验过程发现,当注入封窜剂达到0.4 PV时,有部分封窜剂未与CO2接触便已产出,导致注入的气液迅速窜出,留在岩芯中起作用的流体体积减小,封窜剂没能完全发挥效果。综合认为,注入最佳段塞尺寸为0.3 PV,此时CO2驱的驱油效率提升15%。
(1)G-CF4泡沫的耐温、耐压、耐超临界CO2性能优于W-CF1。在100 ℃,15 MPa下0.25%的G-CF4的泡沫性能最佳。
(2)渗透率级差在38~50 mD范围内,封窜剂在高渗透岩心和低渗透岩心之间的分流比稳定在3.29~3.55。在50~109 mD范围内,岩心组合级差越大,高渗透率岩心的封窜剂吸入量越大,低渗透率岩心的封窜剂吸入量越小,分流比可由3.55最高涨至288.62。
(3)在岩心组合中,渗透率级差越高,G-CF4在高渗透率岩心的封窜能力越好。CO2驱替阶段,在10~100 mD岩心组合中,高渗透率岩心的阻力系数始终高于9.2;在10~60 mD岩心组合中,高渗透率的阻力系数始终高于2.6。剂窜剂在不同岩心组合的低渗岩心中几乎起不到封堵效果。
(4)先注入0.25%的G-CF4溶液0.3 PV,再通过CO2驱油,可提高原CO2驱油效率15%。
  • 国家自然科学基金联合重点基金(U23B2085)
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2025年第25卷第14期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405614
  • 接收时间:2024-07-26
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-05-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-26
  • 修回日期:2025-02-28
基金
国家自然科学基金联合重点基金(U23B2085)
作者信息
    1. 西南石油大学石油工程与天然气学院, 成都 610000
    2. 中国石油西南油气田公司天然气研究院, 成都 610000
    3. 长庆油田公司勘探开发研究院苏里格气田开发研究所, 西安 710000
    4. 长庆油田公司第三采气厂, 鄂尔多斯 017000

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*赵淑婷(1997—),女,汉族,新疆克拉玛依人,硕士研究生。研究方向:提高采收率。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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