Article(id=1149769459352645930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406640, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1725379200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-04, revisedDate=1739203200000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752056000792, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1747497600000, pubDateStr=2025-05-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752056000792, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752056000792, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752056000792, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149769458706723113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='14', pageStart='5705', pageEnd='6154', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752056000638, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456798957, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559392753041779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559392753041780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149769458706723113, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=5705, endPage=5720, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149769459562361132, articleId=1149769459352645930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Research Progress of Deep Coalbed Methane Exploration and Development in China under the Dual Carbon Background, columnId=1172852380145168655, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Surveies·Astronomy and Geosciences, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

China's deep coalbed methane resources have enormous potential. As a clean and high-quality energy, it is of great significance to ensure China's energy security and green and low-carbon development. The development of middle-shallow coalbed methane in China has basically been industrialized, but the development scale is far from the national planning goal. With the new progress made in the exploration and development of deep coalbed methane in recent years, it has provided new impetus for the rapid development of the coalbed methane industry. But when it comes to deep exploration and development, it faces a series of new geological, engineering, and other challenges that need to be tackled. In view of this, based on the latest national oil and gas resource evaluation data, the current situation of coalbed methane exploration and development in China was summarized, and the latest progress in deep coalbed methane exploration and development in typical blocks in China was evaluated. The new breakthroughs in geological evaluation, drilling, fracturing, and extraction of deep coalbed methane in recent years were summarized, and it is pointed out that there are problems in the current exploration and development of deep coalbed methane in China, such as low resource evaluation level, low adaptability of key technologies, and few mature demonstration projects that can be promoted and referenced.On this basis, four countermeasures and suggestions for the development of deep coalbed methane industry were proposed: strengthening resource exploration, strengthening key technical research, speeding up the construction of high-efficiency development demonstration zones, strengthening the co-exploration and co-exploitation of deep coal measures gas, so as to provide reference for promoting the exploration and development of deep coalbed methane in China.

, correspAuthors=Hai-xiao GUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Chao HUO, Hai-xiao GUO, Lei WANG, Zhi-qing XIE, Hai-yang PAN, Qiang XU, Zheng-guang ZHANG, Dan-feng WANG, Dan-dan WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149769462997496141, articleId=1149769459352645930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=双碳背景下中国深部煤层气勘探开发研究进展, columnId=1172852380312940816, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=综述·天文学、地球科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

中国深部煤层气资源潜力巨大,作为一种清洁优质能源,对保障中国能源安全和绿色低碳发展意义重大。中国中-浅层煤层气开发已基本实现产业化,但开发规模距国家规划目标差距较大,随着近年来深部煤层气勘探开发取得新进展,为煤层气产业规模快速发展提供了新动能。但在面向深部勘探开发时,要面临着新的地质、工程等一系列难题需要攻关。鉴于此,结合最新全国油气资源评价数据,概述了中国煤层气勘探开发现状,评述了中国典型区块深部煤层气勘探开发取得的最新进展,重点总结了近年来中国深部煤层气在地质评价、钻探、压裂、排采等关键环节取得的新突破,指出了当前中国深部煤层气勘探开发存在资源评价程度较低、关键技术适应性不高、可供推广借鉴的成熟示范工程较少等问题。在此基础上,提出了深部煤层气产业发展4项对策建议:加大资源勘探力度;加强关键技术攻关;加快高效开发示范区建设;强化深部煤系气共探合采,以期为推动中国深部煤层气勘探开发提供参考。

, correspAuthors=郭海晓, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*郭海晓(1984—),男,汉族,河北邯郸人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:油气矿产资源管理和储量估算。E-mail:
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霍超(1985—),男,汉族,山西朔州人,硕士,正高级工程师。研究方向:煤炭地质勘查及煤矿地质灾害防治。E-mail:

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霍超(1985—),男,汉族,山西朔州人,硕士,正高级工程师。研究方向:煤炭地质勘查及煤矿地质灾害防治。E-mail:

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霍超(1985—),男,汉族,山西朔州人,硕士,正高级工程师。研究方向:煤炭地质勘查及煤矿地质灾害防治。E-mail:

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Research progress of coal measure gas and some important scientific problems[J]. Geology in China, 2021, 48(2): 402-423., articleTitle=Research progress of coal measure gas and some important scientific problems, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1179433618725290927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459352645930, awardId=2024KCZYCLPS, language=CN, fundingSource=自然资源部二级课题(2024KCZYCLPS), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1179433615319515995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459352645930, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1179433615332098908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459352645930, companyId=1179433615319515995, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. General Prospecting Institute of China National Administration of Coal Geology, Beijing 100039, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1179433615340487517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459352645930, companyId=1179433615319515995, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 中国煤炭地质总局勘查研究总院, 北京 100039)]), AuthorCompany(id=1179433615453733726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459352645930, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1179433615462122335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459352645930, companyId=1179433615453733726, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Key Laboratory of Transparent Mine Geology and Digital Twin Technology, National Mine Safety Administration, Beijing 100039, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1179433615470510944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459352645930, companyId=1179433615453733726, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 矿山透明地质与数字孪生技术国家矿山安全监察局重点实验室, 北京 100039)]), AuthorCompany(id=1179433615529231202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459352645930, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1179433615537619811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459352645930, companyId=1179433615529231202, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Strategic Research Center of Oil and Gas Resources, MNR, Beijing 100860, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1179433615546008420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459352645930, companyId=1179433615529231202, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. 自然资源部油气资源战略研究中心, 北京 100860)]), AuthorCompany(id=1179433615592145765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459352645930, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1179433615600534374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459352645930, companyId=1179433615592145765, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4. China Coal Society, Beijing 100013, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1179433615608922983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459352645930, companyId=1179433615592145765, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4. 中国煤炭学会, 北京 100013)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1179433618108728231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459352645930, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Trend chart of newly discovered coalbed methane reserves and production changes in China in the past decade, figureFileSmall=Oognw4MZeLPCFqfzMCXjtQ==, figureFileBig=HZEXUWFiiefbQdqrtkBayw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179433618209391528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459352645930, language=CN, label=图1, caption=近10年中国煤层气新增探明储量与产量变化趋势图, figureFileSmall=Oognw4MZeLPCFqfzMCXjtQ==, figureFileBig=HZEXUWFiiefbQdqrtkBayw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179433618268111785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459352645930, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Important events in the development of deep coalbed methane in China, figureFileSmall=L6tyk2CymrigCoYsLRrELA==, figureFileBig=ptEjTl7wsbF3ImwVmYtINg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179433618322637738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459352645930, language=CN, label=图2, caption=中国深部煤层气发展重要事件, figureFileSmall=L6tyk2CymrigCoYsLRrELA==, figureFileBig=ptEjTl7wsbF3ImwVmYtINg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179433618381357995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459352645930, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Summary of exploration situation in typical blocks of deep coalbed methane in China in recent years

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
勘探参数 延川南 大宁-吉县 临兴-神府 大牛地 神木-佳县 榆社-武乡 准噶尔盆地白家海凸起
临兴区块 神府区块
地层 山西组 太原组 本溪组 本溪组 本溪组 太原组 八道湾组 西山窑组
煤层 2号 8号 8+9号 8号 8号 15号 5煤 2煤
煤层厚度/m 2.8~6.9 5~12 1.6~19.6 3.8~19.2 平均12 6~15 1.35~8.10 5~20 5~20
煤层埋深/m 1 000~1 600 1 683~2 403 1 769~2 088 1 100~2 225 2 500~2 900 1 600~2 800 541~1 645 2 000~5 500 1 600~5 100
煤岩镜质体
反射率Ro/%
1.96~3.22 2.3~2.8 0.8~1.46 0.8~1.35 1.4~1.7 0.7~1.8 1.9~2.9 0.47~1.05
煤质 贫煤、
无烟煤
贫煤、
无烟煤
肥煤、
焦煤
气煤、
肥煤
烟煤 气煤、肥煤、
焦煤
贫煤、
无烟煤
褐煤、长焰煤、肥煤
渗透率/
10-3 μm2
0.01~0.99 0.01~0.05 0.01~1.64 0.01~0.09 平均0.24 0.03~0.1 0.016~2.16 0.018~1.257
平均含气量/
(m3·t-1)
14.00 24.30 15.00 12.2 20.68 20.56 16.25 14.73
直/定向井最
高日产气量/
(m3·d-1)
0.8~1.2×104 2×104
(大吉2-2B
向3井)
0.77×104
(D-378井)
1.0×104 1.8×104
(阳2井)
0.656×104
(J54井)
0.42×104
(ZK1202)
0.73×104(彩504井)
水平井最高
日产气量/
(m3·d-1)
5×104
(延3-P11井)
10.1×104
(吉深6-7
平01井)
6×104
(深煤1井)
1.96×104 10.4×104
(阳煤1HF井)
12.47×104
(JM-2H
水平井)
1.8×104
(LX1-平
2井)
5.7×104(彩探1H井)
资源潜力/m3 208×108
(探明地
质储量)
1 121×108
(探明地
质储量)
590×108
(预测资
源量)
1 100×108
(探明地
质储量)
1 226×108
(预测
资源量)
2 414×108
(预测
资源量)
8 155×108
(预测资源量)
), ArticleFig(id=1179433618461049772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459352645930, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

近年来我国深部煤层气典型区块勘探情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
勘探参数 延川南 大宁-吉县 临兴-神府 大牛地 神木-佳县 榆社-武乡 准噶尔盆地白家海凸起
临兴区块 神府区块
地层 山西组 太原组 本溪组 本溪组 本溪组 太原组 八道湾组 西山窑组
煤层 2号 8号 8+9号 8号 8号 15号 5煤 2煤
煤层厚度/m 2.8~6.9 5~12 1.6~19.6 3.8~19.2 平均12 6~15 1.35~8.10 5~20 5~20
煤层埋深/m 1 000~1 600 1 683~2 403 1 769~2 088 1 100~2 225 2 500~2 900 1 600~2 800 541~1 645 2 000~5 500 1 600~5 100
煤岩镜质体
反射率Ro/%
1.96~3.22 2.3~2.8 0.8~1.46 0.8~1.35 1.4~1.7 0.7~1.8 1.9~2.9 0.47~1.05
煤质 贫煤、
无烟煤
贫煤、
无烟煤
肥煤、
焦煤
气煤、
肥煤
烟煤 气煤、肥煤、
焦煤
贫煤、
无烟煤
褐煤、长焰煤、肥煤
渗透率/
10-3 μm2
0.01~0.99 0.01~0.05 0.01~1.64 0.01~0.09 平均0.24 0.03~0.1 0.016~2.16 0.018~1.257
平均含气量/
(m3·t-1)
14.00 24.30 15.00 12.2 20.68 20.56 16.25 14.73
直/定向井最
高日产气量/
(m3·d-1)
0.8~1.2×104 2×104
(大吉2-2B
向3井)
0.77×104
(D-378井)
1.0×104 1.8×104
(阳2井)
0.656×104
(J54井)
0.42×104
(ZK1202)
0.73×104(彩504井)
水平井最高
日产气量/
(m3·d-1)
5×104
(延3-P11井)
10.1×104
(吉深6-7
平01井)
6×104
(深煤1井)
1.96×104 10.4×104
(阳煤1HF井)
12.47×104
(JM-2H
水平井)
1.8×104
(LX1-平
2井)
5.7×104(彩探1H井)
资源潜力/m3 208×108
(探明地
质储量)
1 121×108
(探明地
质储量)
590×108
(预测资
源量)
1 100×108
(探明地
质储量)
1 226×108
(预测
资源量)
2 414×108
(预测
资源量)
8 155×108
(预测资源量)
), ArticleFig(id=1179433618528158637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459352645930, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Summary of key technologies for deep coalbed methane exploration and development in typical blocks in China

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
典型区块 地质评价(甜点预测指标) 压裂技术 排采技术
延川南 ①含气量;②煤层厚度;③压力系数;④构造条件;⑤水文条件;⑥顶底板条件;⑦地应力;⑧煤体结构;⑨渗透率 “三大”压裂技术,即大砂量、大液量、大排量 划分为5个排采阶段,分别是:快速降压阶段、稳定降压阶段、上产阶段、产量波动阶段和稳产阶段
大宁-吉县 ①构造特征;②煤层厚度;③埋深;④含气量;⑤气测峰值;⑥录井显示;⑦顶板岩性;⑧底板岩性;⑨顶板隔层应力差;⑩底板隔层应力差; ⑪可压性;⑫可改造性 研发了方解石填充深部煤层气水平井少段多簇体积酸化压裂和特低渗深部煤层气水平井超大规模极限压裂等技术 划分为5个阶段,分别为返排阶段、上产阶段、稳产阶段、递减阶段和低产阶段
临兴区块 ①煤层厚度;②煤层埋深;③含气量;④灰分产率;⑤镜质组反射率;⑥镜质组含量;⑦镜惰比;⑧临界解吸压力;⑨临储比;⑩平均地应力;⑪主应力差;⑫构造曲率 提出“缝网三化”压裂思路,即缝网“支撑有效化、扩展均衡化、改造规模化” 形成“缓慢降压、阶段稳产、合理提产、适时入网”的排采原则
神府区块 ①煤层厚度;②含气量;③含气饱和度;④构造;⑤垂向裂隙带发育程度;⑥顶底板气测;⑦煤体结构;⑧脆性指数;⑨曲率 提出“段内多簇+缩短簇间距+高排量大规模注入+变黏滑溜水造缝携砂+高强度加砂+全尺度裂缝支撑+等孔径限流射孔+造复杂缝网”为核心的立体缝网压裂技术 提出多目标排采制度优化设计方法,制定了神府区块高、中、低产井各自的最优合理排采制度
榆社-武乡 ①含气量;②主采煤层厚度;③构造条件;④水动力条件;⑤顶板岩性;⑥渗透率;⑦埋深;⑧水平主应力差;⑨煤体结构;⑩脆性指数 采用电缆桥塞与射孔联作投球分层压裂工艺 将深部煤层气井排采划分为试抽阶段、稳定降压阶段、稳压排水阶段、临界产气阶段、控压产气阶段、稳压产气阶段、产能测试阶段,同时量化各个阶段观测关键参数变化特征,合理控制井底流压降幅
新疆地区 储层岩石物理与岩石力学响应特征+深部煤层气/煤系气储层岩石力学地层特征(岩石地层特征、岩石力学特征、岩石物理特征等) 探索形成“冻胶造长缝+细分密切割”压裂增产工艺技术 适宜采用“高套压+低流压日降幅”的排采方案
), ArticleFig(id=1179433618607850414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149769459352645930, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

中国典型区块深部煤层气勘探开发关键技术进展一览表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
典型区块 地质评价(甜点预测指标) 压裂技术 排采技术
延川南 ①含气量;②煤层厚度;③压力系数;④构造条件;⑤水文条件;⑥顶底板条件;⑦地应力;⑧煤体结构;⑨渗透率 “三大”压裂技术,即大砂量、大液量、大排量 划分为5个排采阶段,分别是:快速降压阶段、稳定降压阶段、上产阶段、产量波动阶段和稳产阶段
大宁-吉县 ①构造特征;②煤层厚度;③埋深;④含气量;⑤气测峰值;⑥录井显示;⑦顶板岩性;⑧底板岩性;⑨顶板隔层应力差;⑩底板隔层应力差; ⑪可压性;⑫可改造性 研发了方解石填充深部煤层气水平井少段多簇体积酸化压裂和特低渗深部煤层气水平井超大规模极限压裂等技术 划分为5个阶段,分别为返排阶段、上产阶段、稳产阶段、递减阶段和低产阶段
临兴区块 ①煤层厚度;②煤层埋深;③含气量;④灰分产率;⑤镜质组反射率;⑥镜质组含量;⑦镜惰比;⑧临界解吸压力;⑨临储比;⑩平均地应力;⑪主应力差;⑫构造曲率 提出“缝网三化”压裂思路,即缝网“支撑有效化、扩展均衡化、改造规模化” 形成“缓慢降压、阶段稳产、合理提产、适时入网”的排采原则
神府区块 ①煤层厚度;②含气量;③含气饱和度;④构造;⑤垂向裂隙带发育程度;⑥顶底板气测;⑦煤体结构;⑧脆性指数;⑨曲率 提出“段内多簇+缩短簇间距+高排量大规模注入+变黏滑溜水造缝携砂+高强度加砂+全尺度裂缝支撑+等孔径限流射孔+造复杂缝网”为核心的立体缝网压裂技术 提出多目标排采制度优化设计方法,制定了神府区块高、中、低产井各自的最优合理排采制度
榆社-武乡 ①含气量;②主采煤层厚度;③构造条件;④水动力条件;⑤顶板岩性;⑥渗透率;⑦埋深;⑧水平主应力差;⑨煤体结构;⑩脆性指数 采用电缆桥塞与射孔联作投球分层压裂工艺 将深部煤层气井排采划分为试抽阶段、稳定降压阶段、稳压排水阶段、临界产气阶段、控压产气阶段、稳压产气阶段、产能测试阶段,同时量化各个阶段观测关键参数变化特征,合理控制井底流压降幅
新疆地区 储层岩石物理与岩石力学响应特征+深部煤层气/煤系气储层岩石力学地层特征(岩石地层特征、岩石力学特征、岩石物理特征等) 探索形成“冻胶造长缝+细分密切割”压裂增产工艺技术 适宜采用“高套压+低流压日降幅”的排采方案
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双碳背景下中国深部煤层气勘探开发研究进展
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霍超 1, 2 , 郭海晓 3, * , 王蕾 4 , 谢志清 1, 2 , 潘海洋 1, 2 , 徐强 1, 2 , 张争光 1, 2 , 王丹凤 1, 2 , 王丹丹 1, 2
科学技术与工程 | 综述·天文学、地球科学 2025,25(14): 5705-5720
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科学技术与工程 | 综述·天文学、地球科学 2025, 25(14): 5705-5720
双碳背景下中国深部煤层气勘探开发研究进展
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霍超1, 2 , 郭海晓3, * , 王蕾4, 谢志清1, 2, 潘海洋1, 2, 徐强1, 2, 张争光1, 2, 王丹凤1, 2, 王丹丹1, 2
作者信息
  • 1. 中国煤炭地质总局勘查研究总院, 北京 100039
  • 2. 矿山透明地质与数字孪生技术国家矿山安全监察局重点实验室, 北京 100039
  • 3. 自然资源部油气资源战略研究中心, 北京 100860
  • 4. 中国煤炭学会, 北京 100013
  • 霍超(1985—),男,汉族,山西朔州人,硕士,正高级工程师。研究方向:煤炭地质勘查及煤矿地质灾害防治。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*郭海晓(1984—),男,汉族,河北邯郸人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:油气矿产资源管理和储量估算。E-mail:
Research Progress of Deep Coalbed Methane Exploration and Development in China under the Dual Carbon Background
Chao HUO1, 2 , Hai-xiao GUO3, * , Lei WANG4, Zhi-qing XIE1, 2, Hai-yang PAN1, 2, Qiang XU1, 2, Zheng-guang ZHANG1, 2, Dan-feng WANG1, 2, Dan-dan WANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1. General Prospecting Institute of China National Administration of Coal Geology, Beijing 100039, China
  • 2. Key Laboratory of Transparent Mine Geology and Digital Twin Technology, National Mine Safety Administration, Beijing 100039, China
  • 3. Strategic Research Center of Oil and Gas Resources, MNR, Beijing 100860, China
  • 4. China Coal Society, Beijing 100013, China
出版时间: 2025-05-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406640
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中国深部煤层气资源潜力巨大,作为一种清洁优质能源,对保障中国能源安全和绿色低碳发展意义重大。中国中-浅层煤层气开发已基本实现产业化,但开发规模距国家规划目标差距较大,随着近年来深部煤层气勘探开发取得新进展,为煤层气产业规模快速发展提供了新动能。但在面向深部勘探开发时,要面临着新的地质、工程等一系列难题需要攻关。鉴于此,结合最新全国油气资源评价数据,概述了中国煤层气勘探开发现状,评述了中国典型区块深部煤层气勘探开发取得的最新进展,重点总结了近年来中国深部煤层气在地质评价、钻探、压裂、排采等关键环节取得的新突破,指出了当前中国深部煤层气勘探开发存在资源评价程度较低、关键技术适应性不高、可供推广借鉴的成熟示范工程较少等问题。在此基础上,提出了深部煤层气产业发展4项对策建议:加大资源勘探力度;加强关键技术攻关;加快高效开发示范区建设;强化深部煤系气共探合采,以期为推动中国深部煤层气勘探开发提供参考。

双碳背景  /  深部煤层气  /  勘探开发  /  产业现状  /  前景展望

China's deep coalbed methane resources have enormous potential. As a clean and high-quality energy, it is of great significance to ensure China's energy security and green and low-carbon development. The development of middle-shallow coalbed methane in China has basically been industrialized, but the development scale is far from the national planning goal. With the new progress made in the exploration and development of deep coalbed methane in recent years, it has provided new impetus for the rapid development of the coalbed methane industry. But when it comes to deep exploration and development, it faces a series of new geological, engineering, and other challenges that need to be tackled. In view of this, based on the latest national oil and gas resource evaluation data, the current situation of coalbed methane exploration and development in China was summarized, and the latest progress in deep coalbed methane exploration and development in typical blocks in China was evaluated. The new breakthroughs in geological evaluation, drilling, fracturing, and extraction of deep coalbed methane in recent years were summarized, and it is pointed out that there are problems in the current exploration and development of deep coalbed methane in China, such as low resource evaluation level, low adaptability of key technologies, and few mature demonstration projects that can be promoted and referenced.On this basis, four countermeasures and suggestions for the development of deep coalbed methane industry were proposed: strengthening resource exploration, strengthening key technical research, speeding up the construction of high-efficiency development demonstration zones, strengthening the co-exploration and co-exploitation of deep coal measures gas, so as to provide reference for promoting the exploration and development of deep coalbed methane in China.

double carbon background  /  deep coalbed methane  /  exploration and development  /  industry status  /  application prospect
霍超, 郭海晓, 王蕾, 谢志清, 潘海洋, 徐强, 张争光, 王丹凤, 王丹丹. 双碳背景下中国深部煤层气勘探开发研究进展. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (14) : 5705 -5720 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406640
Chao HUO, Hai-xiao GUO, Lei WANG, Zhi-qing XIE, Hai-yang PAN, Qiang XU, Zheng-guang ZHANG, Dan-feng WANG, Dan-dan WANG. Research Progress of Deep Coalbed Methane Exploration and Development in China under the Dual Carbon Background[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (14) : 5705 -5720 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406640
在“双碳”目标的推动下,中国能源低碳绿色转型对天然气高效开发提出了重大需求。党的二十大提出:“要加大油气资源勘探开发和增储上产力度”。随着中国经济发展对能源需求的持续增长,受资源禀赋条件限制,天然气供需矛盾愈发突出,近5年来,中国天然气对外依存度已达到40%左右,且短期内下降趋势不明显,煤层气作为一种非常规天然气,其大规模产业化开发将成为天然气的有益补充。2021年美国煤层气产量为180×108 m3、澳大利亚为450×108 m3、中国为83×108 m3。中国煤层气资源量居世界第3位,相比美国和澳大利亚煤层气产业,中国煤层气开发还有很大差距,未来增长空间和发展潜力巨大[1-2]
根据《煤层气资源评价规范》(DZ/T 0378—2021)中的定义,煤层气指的是赋存于煤层中、以甲烷为主要成分、以吸附在煤基质颗粒表面为主并部分游离于煤孔隙中或溶解于煤层水中的烃类气体。推进煤层气开发利用,对优化能源结构、保障煤矿安全生产、减少温室气体排放进而助力“双碳”目标实现具有重要意义[3-4]。经过40多年的勘探开发,中国先后在鄂尔多斯和沁水两大盆地初步实现了煤层气产业化开发利用,但总体进展较为缓慢,与国家能源规划目标差距较大[5-6]。近年来,随着煤层气开发深度逐渐由中-浅层向深部拓展,先后在大宁-吉县、临兴-神府、大牛地气田等多个区块深部煤层气勘探开发取得重大突破,为煤层气产业规模快速发展开创了新的局面,加之中国深部煤层气资源丰富,有望助推新时期煤层气产业进入快速发展阶段,为中国天然气实现增储上产提供保障[7]
中国发布的《2030年前碳达峰行动方案》中明确提出“加快推进页岩气、煤层气、致密油(气)等非常规油气资源规模化开发”。在此新形势和“双碳”背景下,现系统论述中国现阶段煤层气资源勘探开发现状,梳理解剖中国典型区块深部煤层气勘探开发取得的新进展,重点总结深部煤层气在地质评价、钻探、压裂、排采等关键技术方面取得的新成效,在此基础上,提出新时期加快深部煤层气产业发展建议,以期为中国深部煤层气高效勘探开发提供技术支撑。
中国先后组织对煤层气资源开展了多轮次评价,但评价目标范围多集中于埋深2 000 m以浅的煤层气资源。据最新完成的全国煤层气资源动态专项评价结果,中国陆上埋深<2 000 m的煤层气地质资源量达30.05×1012 m3。中国官方对全国埋深2 000 m以深煤层气资源量未发布具体评价结果,但多家研究院校对埋深2 000 m以深煤层气资源量进行了评价预测,评价地质资源量在18.47×1012~40.71×1012 m3[8-10],展现了中国深部煤层气巨大的资源潜力。
中国煤层气探明地质储量持续增长,累计探明地质储量已超11 000×108 m3,其中近10年间累计新增煤层气探明地质储量约6 728×108 m3(图1)。据《2023年中国自然资源公报》发布,2023年中国煤层气新增探明地质储量达3 179.3×108 m3,为近10年增幅之最,主要得益于深部煤层气勘探取得重要进展,其新增探明地质储量2 484.2×108 m3,对煤层气新增探明地质储量贡献率达78.1%。
近10年来,中国煤层气地面抽采产量整体呈上升态势,产量从2014年的35.47×108 m3增长至2023年的117.7×108 m3(图1)。受资源禀赋、开发理论技术等因素影响,中国煤层气开发成效不及预期。2020年以前,中国煤层气开发主要以地面抽采浅层煤层气为主,产业发展进入瓶颈期,从“十一五”到“十三五”连续三次均未能完成国家制定的五年计划目标,分别仅完成3个五年计划目标的31%、28%和58%,“十三五”期间产量年平均增速仅为5.47%[11]。进入“十四五”以来,因中国深部煤层气勘探开发取得突破性进展,煤层气年产量再次提速,2021年产量82.94×108 m3,增速43.82%;2022年产量97.7×108 m3,增速17.80%;2023年产量117.7×108 m3,增速20.47%,由此可见,受深部煤层气开发取得突破带动了煤层气产业的整体发展。
中国天然气总产量从2014年的1 301.57×108 m3增长至2023年的2 297×108 m3,几乎翻了一番。煤层气地面抽采产量从2014年占全国天然气总产量的2.73%增长至2023年的5.12%。“十三五”期间,中国煤层气地面抽采产量占全国天然气总产量的比例几乎没有变化,进入“十四五”后,随着深部煤层气勘探开发在多个地区连续取得突破,带动煤层气产量占全国天然气总产量的比例也在逐步提升,由此可见,深部煤层气的高效开发有望成为中国非常规天然气增储上产的重要潜力领域,但从煤层气产量及其占天然气总产量的比重来看,距离大产业规模还有较大差距[12-13]
中国煤层气产业经历了近40年发展,中-浅层勘探开发已实现一定的突破,目前正在向深部勘探开发迈进,但目前国内对“深部”的定义还未有明确的界定。《煤层气资源评价与规范》(DZ/T 0378—2021)按煤层埋深将深部煤层气定义为埋深>1 200 m;中国很多学者根据不同区块深部煤层气勘探开发取得的成效,从具体埋深方面对深部煤层气理解和定义也各不相同,将深部煤层划分界限定为1 000[14]、1 500[15]和2 000 m[16]深度的均有。秦勇等[17]从地层状态和地质因素方面提出采用“临界深度”定义深部煤层气,即处于地应力状态和(或)含气量“临界深度”之下的煤层气资源,不以具体深度来定义。根据近年来在多个区块深部煤层气生产实践取得的突破,结合当前中国多个示范区块深部煤层气开发特征,本文中所论述的深部煤层气划分依据采用秦勇教授提出的“临界深度”这一理念。
经过多年的探索攻关,近年来中国多家油气公司在鄂尔多斯、沁水、准噶尔等盆地内多个区块深部相继取得煤层气勘探开发突破[18-19](图2),在地质认识、工艺技术、勘探突破、产能建设等方面取得了一系列重要成果:①建立深部煤层气富集高产地质理论;②完善深部煤层气低成本钻完井施工措施;③创新了深部煤层气大规模压裂改造工艺技术;④制定了适用于深部煤层气开发的排采制度。深部煤层气的有效动用对于缓解天然气供需矛盾、保障中国能源安全、促进能源结构低碳转型具有十分关键的战略意义,是下一步煤层气勘探开发的全新领域。
延川南区块深部煤层气勘探开发主要为山西组2号煤层,煤层厚度2.8~6.9 m(平均4.6 m);煤层埋深1 000~1 600 m(平均1 280 m);煤岩镜质体反射率Ro介于1.96%~3.22%,处于贫煤-无烟煤阶段;渗透率0.01~0.99×10-3 μm2;含气量10~22 m3/t(平均14 m3/t)[20-21](表1)。延川南区块作为中国首个埋深超过1 000 m并进行商业开发的煤层气田,2009年,得益于首口探井(延1井)取得的勘探突破,中石化在该区块启动了大规模勘探开发,于2015年初步完成5×108 m3产建。
“十四五”以来,延川南区块年产煤层气4×108 m3,累计产气28.8×108 m3,使延川南煤层气田成为中国第一个规模化投入商业开发的深部煤层气田,在勘查开发过程中建立了深部煤层气富集高产的“五要素”协同控制地质理论,制定了深部煤层气精细化的排采制度,集成了深部煤层气低成本工程工艺技术等多项勘探开发理论和配套技术,实现了深部煤层气的效益开发,成为目前国内深部煤层气规模开发取得成功的典范[22]
大宁-吉县区块深部煤层气勘探开发主要目的层为太原组8号煤层,厚度5~12 m(平均7.8 m);埋藏深度1 683~2 403 m(平均2 119 m);煤岩镜质体反射率Ro介于2.3%~2.8%,煤类以贫煤、无烟煤为主;渗透率为0.01×10-3~0.05×10-3 μm2;含气量19.82~29.89 m3/t(平均24.3 m3/t)[23-24],如表1所示。根据中石油第四次油气资源评价结果,煤层气资源量达6 239.5×108 m3,可采资源量1 664.1×108 m3,资源丰度1.52×108 m3/km2,煤层气资源较为丰富,总体勘探开发潜力大。
2019年中石油开始对大宁-吉县区块开展了深部8号煤层试采评价,从首口试验井(大吉3-7向2井)拉开了深部煤层气勘探评价的序幕,2020—2021年在区块中北部有利区部署18口井开展试采,提交探明地质储量1 121×108 m3,储量丰度达2.34×108 m3/km2,标志着中国首个深部煤层气整装大型气田的诞生。随后开始在探明储量区优选两个先导试验区开展规模试验,截至2023年9月,先后在两个试验区部署完成35口水平井,其中29口井展现出初期高产特征,初期产气量超10×104 m3/d有14口,产气量为8×104~10×104 m3/d的有7口,产气量为6×104~8×104 m3/d的有6口,初步实现深部煤层气效益开发[25]。大宁-吉县区块在深部煤层气勘探开发过程中建立了高效开发理论技术体系,包括甜点评价、煤储层精细刻画、地质工程一体化导向、大规模体积压裂改造和全生命周期排采控制等系列技术,对加快鄂尔多斯盆地东缘深部煤层气规模上产具有重要指导意义,也为同类深部煤层气资源高效开发建立了参考标准[23]
临兴-神府区块地处鄂尔多斯盆地东缘,深部主力煤层为本溪组8+9号煤层,其中,临兴区块8+9号煤层厚度为1.6~19.6 m(平均9.7 m);埋深为1 769.46~2 088.34 m(平均1 923.29 m);煤岩镜质体反射率Ro介于0.80%~1.46%,以肥煤和焦煤为主;渗透率为0.01×10-3~1.64×10-3 μm2;含气量为8.00~30.94 m3/t(平均15.00 m3/t)[15,26],如表1所示。2022年中联公司在临兴区块实施的首口深部煤层气水平井“深煤一号”,成功投产,最终测试产量达到6×104 m3/d。结果表明,大规模压裂是提高气井产量的有效储层改造措施,压裂砂对裂缝的有效支撑是保障深部煤层气井高产稳产的关键因素。在此基础上,临兴区块在深部煤层气储量与产量方面获得双突破,深煤一号”的成功投产,为非常规能源行业的发展提供了新思路。
神府区块8+9号煤层厚度3.8~19.2 m(平均12.7 m);埋深1 100~2 225 m(平均1 530 m);煤岩镜质体反射率Ro介于0.8%~1.35%,以气煤、肥煤为主;渗透率0.01×10-3~0.09×10-3 μm2;含气量3.4~22.3 m3/t(平均12.2 m3/t)[27-28](表1)。中国海洋石油集团有限公司先后共开展了大量探井勘探工作,单井最高产量达2.6×104 m3/d;2023年宣布发现探明地质储量超1 100×108 m3的神府深煤层大气田[29-30]。神府区块深部煤层气的成功勘探开发主要得益于创新勘探理念、成藏模式、复合压裂、排采制度等多措并举,对中国类似盆地资源勘探和非常规油气增储上产具有重要指导意义。
大牛地区块位于鄂尔多斯盆地东北部,深部主力煤层为本溪组8号煤层,煤层平均厚度12 m;埋深2 500~2 900 m;煤岩镜质体反射率Ro介于1.4%~1.7%,以烟煤为主;平均渗透率为0.24×10-3 μm2, 含气量14.40~32.96 m3/t(平均20.68 m3/t)[31](表1)。2023年,中石化实施的首口风险探井(阳煤1HF井)压裂后产气量达10.4×104 m3/d,实现2 800 m深部煤层气重大突破,使得大牛地区块新增预测储量1 226×108 m3,成为中石化2023年度十大油气勘探发现成果之一。在大牛地气田勘探开发过程中认识到深部煤层气是煤系“甜点”资源,证实了大牛地气田8号煤层气资源丰度高、富含游离气,具备长期稳产高产的能力,一年内平均日产气6.3×104 m3,累计产气突破2 300×104 m3,进一步证实大牛地气田深部煤层气资源潜力。
神木-佳县区块深部主力煤层为本溪组8号煤层,煤层厚度6~15 m(平均9.5 m);埋深1 600~2 800 m(平均2 250 m);煤岩镜质体反射率Ro介于0.7%~1.8%,以气煤、肥煤、焦煤为主;渗透率0.03×10-3~0.1×10-3 μm2;含气量17.70~22.81 m3/t(平均20.56 m3/t)(表1),神木-佳县区块与鄂尔多斯盆地临兴区块、大宁-吉县区块深部煤层气相比,其游离气占比明显更高,含气量中游离气的贡献非常重要。同时从地质条件、储层物性和可改造性对比鄂尔多斯盆地东部区块来看,具有较好的煤层气资源基础、储层改造条件和高产潜力。截至目前,神木-佳县区块先后部署了3口深部煤层气勘探工作,其中实施的1口煤层气井(J54)试气产气量达0.66×104 m3/d,实施的2口水平井(JN-1H和JM-2H)压裂后产气量达8×104 m3/d和12×104 m3/d,彰显了该区块深部煤层气资源潜力,因还未大规模开展勘探工作,目前煤层气探明地质储量还未落实[32]
榆社-武乡区块位于山西省沁水煤田中东部,深部主力煤层为太原组15号煤层,厚度为1.35~8.10 m(平均4.76 m);埋深为541~1 645 m(平均1 056 m),绝大地区埋深在1 400 m以深。煤岩镜质体反射率Ro介于1.90%~2.90%,煤类主要为贫煤和无烟煤;渗透率为0.016×10-3~2.16×10-3 μm2;含气量1.81~35.76 m3/t(平均16.25 m3/t)[33-34],如表1所示。2017年,山西省国土资源厅发布榆社-武乡地区煤层气勘探取得重大突破,预测煤层气资源量达2 414×108 m3,属于超大型煤气田[35],其中埋深大于1 500 m的潜在资源量占比达60%以上,深部煤层气具有较大的开发潜力。目前榆社-武乡区块深部煤层气勘探开发过程中直井产气量超过2×103 m3/d,水平井最高产气量超过2×104 m3/d,下一步应围绕深部煤层气储层改造与高效开发以及煤系“三气”共探共采有效性地质评价方面开展研究工作,加快建设深部煤层气勘探开发示范工程。
准噶尔盆地煤层气资源丰富,预测资源量为18.15×1012 m3,约占新疆煤层气资源量的一半以上,其中,2 000 m以深煤层气资源量为15.04×1012 m3,但该深度范围内煤层气勘探与研究还处于起步阶段。准噶尔盆地深部煤层气开发主要集中于盆地中部白家海凸起,深部煤层主要为侏罗系八道湾组和西山窑组。西山窑组煤层厚度5~20 m(平均9.5 m),煤层埋深1 600~5 100 m;八道湾组煤层厚度5~20 m(平均12.5 m),埋深 2 000~5 500 m;煤岩镜质体反射率Ro介于0.47%~1.05%,煤类变质程度自北向南逐渐增强,褐煤-长焰煤演化为肥煤;渗透率为0.018×10-3~1.257×10-3 μm2;含气量13.34~16.11 m3/t(平均14.73 m3/t)(表1)。2020年以前,白家海凸起未专门开展煤层气勘探工作,但利用多口油气探井(彩017井、彩504井、彩512井、彩514井等)对2 500 m以深煤层气藏进行了试气,试气效果不错,为深部煤层气勘探提供了线索。中国石油于2020年在白家海凸起部署风险探井彩探1H井,完钻井深为3 556 m,水平段长度1 000 m,完钻煤层为西山窑组。彩探1H井测试最高日产气量为5.7×104 m3,平均日稳产量为2.18×104 m3,一年累产气量为796×104 m3,标志着在准噶尔盆地深部煤层气勘探领域取得了新突破。白家海凸起侏罗系煤储层具有“古生新储”和“自生自储”两种成藏模式,煤层含气量高、游离气占比高、含气饱和度高,为优质煤层气储层,下一步应围绕深部多类型气藏富集规律、深部中低阶煤储层可压性评价、深部多类型气藏开发方式优化等方面加强研究,为准噶尔盆地类似区域提供参考借鉴[36-37]
煤层气勘探开发是一项系统性工程,涉及地质评价、钻探、压裂、排采等多个工序环节。随着埋深加大,使得其煤层气赋存环境、赋存状态与中-浅层相比发生了较大的变化,勘探开发复杂程度也随之加大[38]。因此,针对深部煤层气开发不能简单套用中—浅层煤层气的开发模式,近年来,随着中国深部煤层气勘探开发理论技术创新和工程实践积累,在地质评价、钻探、压裂、排采等方面建立了深部煤层气高效开发技术体系,探索形成了“双甜点优选评价、多类型钻完井工艺、大规模压裂改造、精细化排采制度”一系列针对深部煤层气勘探开发的新技术和新模式,并在大宁-吉县、临兴-神府、榆社-武乡等开发区块取得了成功应用,开创了深部煤层气勘探开发新局面(表2)。
煤层气开发前需开展地质评价,通过分析区域地质条件、潜在资源量及开采技术条件等因素,优选煤层气勘探开发有利区,一般也称为“甜点区”。“甜点区”的精准预测对深部煤层气勘探开发至关重要,由于中国深部煤层气地质赋存条件的复杂性,导致寻找可高效开发的“甜点区”成为深部煤层气地质评价的重点和难点[39]。“甜点”分为地质“甜点”和工程“甜点”,传统“甜点”预测一般是将二者分开研究,深部煤层气基于其特殊性和复杂性,在地质评价选区方面将二者有机统一,建立了“地质-工程”双甜点选区综合评价技术体系,既考虑地质“甜点区”,还需明确易实现体积压裂的工程“甜点段”,有效解决了深层煤层气开发有利区评价及优选难题,对深层煤层气先导试验区优选具有很好的指导意义[40-41]
中-浅层煤层气甜点评价指标一般侧重于地质和资源属性,评价指标主要包括煤厚、埋深、构造、含气量、资源丰度等参数。基于深部煤层气在储层物性、孔渗条件、地应力等方面均发生了重大变化,除地质和资源属性外,还应重点考虑储层改造评价因素,如煤储层顶底板岩性、裂隙发育程度、应力差、可改造性、可压性等指标。近年来,中国学者针对不同含煤盆地开展深部煤层气区块有利区优选时,构建了多种“甜点”优选评价指标体系。①延川南区块:吴聿元等[22]从物质基础、保存条件、可采条件3大因素9项静态指标建立了延川南区块深部煤层气选区综合评价指标体系,以煤体结构精细识别为核心的不同尺度储层参数指标耦合评价体系,通过测井参数间的优化组合与对比筛选,制定敏感性强的定量识别煤体结构指数的图版,有效解决了多、薄煤层煤层气选层的关键技术难题;②大宁-吉县区块:李曙光等[24]在大宁-吉县区块建立了深部煤层气“地质-工程”双甜点识别指标体系12项,划分了3类地质-工程甜点区,在地质-工程Ⅰ类甜点区内实施的JS-01井自喷生产,最高日产气9.4×104~9.7×104 m3,展现了良好的上产潜力;③临兴区块:顾娇杨等[42]选取煤层厚度、煤层埋深、含气量、灰分产率、镜质组反射率、镜质组含量等12个参数对深部煤层气有利区进行了综合评价;④神府区块:朱光辉等[43]在神府区块创新提出“微相控煤、源热控烃、温压控态”的深部煤层气成藏主控因素,通过9项评价指标刻画了“地质-工程”双甜点,划分了3类地质-工程甜点区,形成了基于开发基础、可压性、流体可动性的地质-工程甜点评价技术,实践证明所有甜点区探井均钻获高含气量煤层,测试含气量超过20.2 m3/t;⑤榆社-武乡区块:李伟等[44]从资源条件、保存条件和改造条件3个方面10项参数对榆社-武乡区块甜点区进行了预测,划分出4类甜点区,有利区位于区块中西部及南部附近;⑥新疆地区:桑树勋等[41]从“岩石物理及力学+地球物理”出发对新疆深部煤层气“甜点区”进行了预测,结果表明:新疆地区深部煤层气“甜点区”一般位于大型盆地内凸起和缓坡深部地带。
通过中国学者近年来的大量研究和工程实践,在井型设计、轨迹控制、井壁稳定性、固井质量等方面取得了一系列新的成果,形成了深部煤层气钻完井技术体系。
(1)井型和井身结构设计对深部煤层气高效经济开发起决定性作用。近年来,随着钻井技术的日趋成熟,深部煤层气井型设计方面逐步实现了由直井向定向井(丛式井)、水平井(L形井、U形井、V形井、T形井、多分支水平井等)的转变,同时井身结构由三级优化为二级,有助于缩短钻井周期,降低钻井成本,提高排采效率和后期作业[45-47]
(2)轨迹控制技术直接关系到煤层气水平井煤层钻遇率与工程质量,深部煤层埋深增大、温度增高及割理、裂隙发育等因素增加了钻井定向难度。井眼轨道控制是一个多扰动控制过程,通过技术攻关,轨迹控制方面逐步形成了地质导向、近钻头导向、磁导向等钻井轨迹控制技术,结合地质模型,形成了精细化轨迹控制技术体系,达到了对井眼轨迹实时优化及随钻实时决策,最大限度地提高靶着陆准确度和水平段煤层钻遇率,进而达到缩短钻井周期、节约钻井成本、降低工程风险、提高煤层气采收率的目的[48-49]
(3)井壁稳定性一直是煤层气钻井遇到的技术难题之一,更是煤层水平井眼安全钻进的关键所在[9]。深部煤层裂隙发育,在水平井钻遇煤层时,极易发生垮塌、卡钻等事故,钻井液是影响井壁稳定性的关键因素之一,近年来,深部煤层气开发钻井液体系从清水、无水逐步优化扩展到微泡沫、中空玻璃微球、聚合物、可降解、绒囊等钻井液,大大提升了安全快速钻进水平,有效解决了钻进过程中井壁稳定和承压能力低之间的矛盾,进一步保障了钻孔的成功率[50-52]
(4)深部煤层气水平井完井方式与工艺的优化设计,直接影响到单井煤层气产量与采收率,近年来先后形成了常规单层套管完井、裸眼/筛管完井、套管+滑套完井、径向水平井完井等成熟的低成本完井技术体系[9],其中常规单层套管完井是目前深部煤层气开发普遍采用的完井技术,施工工艺成熟,对煤储层适应性强;裸眼/筛管完井技术适用于结构完整、渗透性强的煤储层;套管+滑套完井技术适用于稳定性较高且不易垮塌的煤储层,同时可省去后期储层改造时的射孔作业[48]。径向水平井完井技术主要用于增大与储层接触面积、建立高导流通道,以达到减少储层伤害与增产的目的。
(5)固井技术方面发展形成了双级固井、半程固井、泡沫固井等技术[9]
综上所述,水平井在单井产能、经济效益、施工效能、压裂效果等方面相较直井优势明显,当前,中国典型区块深部煤层气的勘探开发主要以水平井部署为主,直井与定向井作为特定条件下的补充手段,加之轨迹控制、井壁稳定性、固井质量等环节的技术突破,使得深部煤储层钻遇率大大提高,同时大幅缩短了建井周期和钻井成本,标志着中国深部煤层气开发钻井技术和工艺迈上了一个新的台阶。
压裂是改善煤层渗透率的常用方法,其改造效果直接影响煤层气井的产能[53]。深部煤储层与中-浅层相比,随着埋深增加,煤层气所处的地应力状态和赋存状态均发生改变,同时储层渗透率也随之降低,需要通过大规模压裂改造才能释放煤层气井产能。深部煤层地质特点使得现有的中-浅煤层压裂改造技术无法在深部煤层产生大面积裂缝网络,进而影响了解吸范围,这就成为制约深部煤层气资源效益动用的“卡脖子”难题,使得深部煤层气一直未能实现规模有效开发。
近年来针对中国不同区块的深部煤层气开发过程中储层压裂改造开展了大量的探索和试验,涌现出一系列新的压裂技术。
(1)延川南区块:中石化在延川南区块深部煤储层改造攻关试验中创新提出“有效支撑”理念,在一系列先导试验的基础上,最终形成了规模化应用的“三大”压裂技术,即“大砂量、大液量、大排量”,结果表明:定向井和水平井单井稳定日产气量最高达2.0×104 m3和6.0×104 m3,实现了延川南区块深部煤层气高效开发重大突破[54]
(2)大宁-吉县区块:中石油煤层气公司在大宁-吉县区块研发了方解石填充深部煤层气水平井少段多簇体积酸化压裂和特低渗深部煤层气水平井超大规模极限压裂等技术,在吉深6-7平01水平井试验了超大规模极限压裂技术,压裂11级,单级总液量和单级加砂规模平均2 805 m3和347.6 m3,压裂投产后日产气量突破10×104 m3,初步解决了构造煤煤层气效益开发难题,突破了2 000 m以深压裂改造技术瓶颈,为推动该地区动用千亿方深部煤层气探明储量奠定了基础[55]
(3)临兴区块:针对临兴区块8+9号深煤层渗透性差、弹性模量较低、泊松比较高、塑性强、破裂压力高、裂缝扩展难度大、加砂困难等特点,中联煤层气公司提出“缝网三化”压裂思路,即缝网“支撑有效化、扩展均衡化、改造规模化”,在首口深煤层水平井开展了先导性试验,解决了整体压裂液规模偏小、加砂困难、施工高压等问题,单井试气最高产气量达6×104 m3/d,实现了深部煤储层改造及开发领域突破性进展,在此基础上,临兴区块在深部煤层气储量与产量方面取得双突破,助力了临兴区块深部煤层气的高效开发[56-57]
(4)神府区块:朱光辉等针对神府区块8+9号煤层埋藏深、孔渗性低、割理裂隙发育等特征,提出“段内多簇+缩短簇间距+高排量大规模注入+变黏滑溜水造缝携砂+高强度加砂+全尺度裂缝支撑+等孔径限流射孔+造复杂缝网”为核心的立体缝网压裂技术,建立了一套适合神府区块深部煤层储层改造工艺,即开发的最优井距为300 m、簇间距为15~20 m、半缝长为120 m,对应的压裂总液量应为1.8×104~2.4×104 m3,总砂量0.25×104~0.35×104 m3,可大幅降低了压裂成本的同时实现煤储层的改造体积最大化和渗流能力最优化,通过以上工艺在神府区块甜点区实施压裂排采后的单井产量超过7 000 m3/d[43,58]
(5)榆社-武乡区块:陈尚斌等针对榆社-武乡区块深部煤储层低孔、超低渗、储层改造困难等特征,采用电缆桥塞与射孔联作投球分层压裂工艺,对煤系气储层进行充分改造,实现了深部煤系气分压合采目标[59]
(6)准噶尔盆地白家海凸起:在彩探1H水平井压裂过程中探索形成“冻胶造长缝+细分密切割”压裂增产工艺技术,共完成23级47簇压裂,压裂液和石英砂用量分别为2.2×104 m3和1.8×103 m3,试气获得最高日产5.7×104 m3,稳产日产2×104 m3的工业气流,在西山窑组煤岩储层首获工业气流,实现了煤岩气勘探的重大发现[37]
(7)渝东南地区:针对渝东南地区地层破裂压力高、煤储层渗透率低、地应力水平高、压裂裂缝窄等特点,中石化在该地区提出“大排量、段塞式、低砂比”的压裂思路,该压裂工艺在低摩阻、能造缝、有效支撑等方面实现了优化,压裂工艺应用在NY1井时实现了压力平稳且未有砂堵的良好效果,排采过程中保持了日产气量2 800~3 000 m3[60]
与中-浅层煤层气相比,深部煤层气在地质条件、赋存方式、产出机理等方面有很大差异,使得深部煤层气气井投产后的产能差异变化较大[61]。排采作为煤层气开发过程中的重要一环,同样也是决定深部煤层气成功开发关键因素之一,直接影响投产后深部煤层气井的产气效果,通过设计合理的排采管控制度来控制生产过程中煤储层渗透率的动态变化,有助于提高气井产量。在深部煤层气排采管控制度研究方面,中国学者开展了大量试验探索工作,经历了从“十三五”期间的“连续、缓慢、稳定、长期”的传统排采工艺发展到现在的“全生命周期分阶段精细化控压排采工艺”,创新形成了煤层气井无杆举升、负压排采等关键技术,推动煤层气排采控制由定性向半定量、定量转变,有效提高了深部煤层气单井稳产效率与产量[7,62]
(1)延川南区块:赵兴龙等[63]针对延川南煤储层具有孔渗性差、地应力高的特点,加之煤岩本身抗压强度低,将延川南深部煤层气藏排采制度划分为5个排采阶段:快速降压阶段、稳定降压阶段、上产阶段、产量波动阶段和稳产阶段,得出在排采控制过程中要采取更为缓慢的排采制度。
(2)大宁-吉县区块:陈明等[61]以控压开采为核心,将大宁-吉县区块深部煤层气井生产阶段划分为5个阶段:返排阶段、上产阶段、稳产阶段、递减阶段和低产阶段,同时量化了各阶段的控制指标与技术界限,利用4口试验井(吉深X01井、吉深X02井、吉深X03井和吉深X04井)检验排采制度适用性,结果表明:4口试验井平均稳产时间已达360 d,远超先导试验井平均水平,首年平均单井产气量增加71.35%,初步显示出精细化排采制度达到较好的适应性。
(3)临兴区块:中联煤层气公司在临兴区块采取自喷-泡沫助排和排水采气工艺,对不同类别深部煤层气井生产方式与排采制度进行优化,形成“缓慢降压、阶段稳产、合理提产、适时入网”的排采制度,使得深煤层气稳产井达产率超80%,有效解决了深煤层气勘探初期压敏效应致使气井产量递减的问题。
(4)神府区块:王小东等[64]针对神府区块高、中、低三类深部煤层气产能井排采制度存在较大差异,从煤储层厚度、原始压力、渗透率、临界解吸压力、孔隙压缩系数等12项参数出发,提出多目标排采制度优化设计方法,制定了神府区块高、中、低产井各自的最优合理排采制度,并将三类井排采制度模板应用于新井,为神府区块新井的排采制度制定提供指导。
(5)榆社-武乡区块:以控制井底流压降速为核心,将深部煤层气井排采划分为试抽阶段、稳定降压阶段、稳压排水阶段、临界产气阶段、控压产气阶段、稳压产气阶段、产能测试阶段,同时量化各个阶段观测关键参数变化特征,合理控制井底流压降幅,目前多口水平井日产气量超过1.0×104 m3/d。其中,LX1-平1井日产气量超过1.4×104 m3/d,日产水量下降到5 m3/d左右,套压达到2 MPa,井底流压下降到4 MPa,动液面下降到1 300 m左右。LX1-平2井日产气量超过2.0×104 m3/d,日产水量下降到10 m3/d,套压达到2 MPa,井底流压下降到3 MPa,动液面下降到1 400 m左右。
(6)准噶尔盆地白家海凸起:白家海凸起深部煤层一般均大于2 000 m,深度进一步增加的情况下导致煤储层渗透性、可压性及煤层气资源可采性进一步下降,桑树勋等[65]提出白家海凸起深部煤层气排采适宜采用“高套压+低流压日降幅”的方案,以达到保护煤储层及提高煤层气资源采收率的目的。
(7)房大志等[60]以渝东南地区NY1井为例,探索采用分段控制、逐步降速、适时调整的排采方式,尽可能增加煤层气井见气前返排率,扩大供气半径,并且避免液面大幅波动形成速敏效应影响煤储层渗流通道,实现了NY1井排采过程中保持日产气量2 800~3 000 m3的产量规模。
中国深部煤层气资源丰富,具有很好的开发潜力。“十四五”以来,深部煤层气勘探开发在沁水盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地等多个区块取得的一系列进展,推动了煤层气储产量不断实现新突破,带动整个煤层气产业保持了良好的发展势头。但总体而言,中国深部煤层气勘探开发尚处于起步和探索阶段,基于深部煤层气普遍具有储层压力高、储层温度高、热演化程度高和渗透率低等特征,使得深部煤层气与浅部相比在基础理论、技术攻关、增产措施等方面仍面临许多技术瓶颈和挑战。
中国煤层气资源丰富,特别是深层煤层气资源潜力广阔。然而,由于深层煤层气地质条件的复杂性,导致总体勘查程度很低,尚处于调查评价初期阶段,资源家底依然不清。目前全国深部煤层气探明地质储量大多数区块位于鄂尔多斯、沁水盆地,严重制约了深部煤层气规模化开发,需要在全国范围内开展深部煤层气资源的地质研究和资源勘探,查清其地质特征及其资源潜力,推动深部煤层气资源勘探增储上产。
一是深部煤层气赋存理论研究有待深入。深部煤层气赋存特点的理论认识仍存在很大缺陷,特别是在精细储层评价、富集成藏条件和成藏模式、气水渗流机理等问题的理论认识和研究,制约了深层煤层气的规模勘探开发。二是深部煤层气钻井工程有待提升。深部煤层气复杂的地质特征为钻井与完井工程带来了新的技术难题与挑战。目前,深部煤层钻完井技术仍处在探索阶段,面临井壁稳定性差、钻速低、钻井周期长等一系列问题,现场试验可借鉴经验较少,当前与地质条件相适应的勘探开发井型、井网部署带有一定试验性,且不同区块煤层气勘探开发钻井技术难以复制,还未形成兼顾经济效益与钻进效率的高效技术体系。因此,亟需开展针对深部煤储层地质特征的钻完井理论与技术优化研究,以适应不同地质条件下的勘探开发需要。三是深部煤层气增产工艺有待加强。压裂方面缺乏针对地质条件优化设计压裂工程参数的理论认识和技术体系,缺乏煤层气水平井压裂井网优化设计方法体系;排采方面全生命周期解吸—扩散—渗流规律及产出特征、保障稳产的分阶段排采工艺路线设计、适应高矿化度等特点的水平井排采技术设备等仍待深入研究[7]
“双碳”背景下,深部煤层气产业发展进入一个新阶段,基于中-浅部煤层气勘探开发取得成功的经验,深部煤层气勘探开发的突破需要示范工程的引领,目前中国深部煤层气勘探示范项目较少,2023年下达了首批3个深部煤层气勘探示范项目,位于鄂尔多斯盆地和沁水盆地。新时期,需要继续加大深部煤层气示范工程建设,引领勘探开发理论研究与技术创新,探索和积累深部煤层气商业化开发的经验,引导中国深部煤层气勘探开发规模化、产业化发展。
新时期,针对深部煤层气面临的主要问题和挑战,需要立足深部煤层气地质特点,在深部煤层气资源勘查、关键技术攻关、先导示范工程推广、煤系“三气”共探合采等方面加强探索研究,强化工艺技术的针对性、适用性和实用性创新研究,以期实现深部煤层气勘探开发新局面。
推动深部煤层气产业高质量发展,首要任务是夯实资源基础,中国历次煤层气资源评价均针对2 000 m以浅煤层开展,2 000 m以深资源量评价工作开展较少。以全国新一轮找矿突破战略行动为契机,亟需在全国范围内深入开展深部煤层气资源勘查评价,查明深部煤层气资源潜力,摸清资源分布特征,圈定重点勘查有利靶区,提交控制储量;在工程控制程度较高的区域加大勘查力度,提交探明储量,为下一步开发工程部署提供可靠的资源储量保障。
因煤层埋藏深度不同,导致深部煤层气在煤储层与含气性方面发生重大变化。在储层方面,深部煤储层具有高温、高压、高应力、低渗的特征;在含气性方面,深部煤层气具有“高含气、高饱和、高游离气”的特征[15]。因此,要实现深部煤层气有效开发,地质理论认识创新和工程技术突破是深部煤层气快速发展的关键,需要结合深部煤层气地质特征和生产特征,从赋存机理、钻完井技术、压裂控制、排采制度及生产制度优化等方面,做好各环节协调控制,以达到预期开发效果[66]
一是加强地质理论研究。受埋深与演化过程影响,深部煤储层与浅部相比在温度、压力、地应力等方面均发生了明显变化,由此导致煤储层含气性、渗透性、孔隙率等特征都发生显著变化,其成藏要素及其耦合效应更为复杂[67]。当前,深部煤层气的地质研究仍面临诸多问题,浅部煤层气勘探开发形成的固有理论已无法满足深部煤层气需要,针对深部煤层气勘探开发,需围绕建立基础地质与勘查地质有机衔接和深度耦合的地质技术体系加强攻关研究,今后重点攻关地质理论方向包括:①成藏地质条件:煤层气成藏是煤层气在含煤盆地生成、赋存、运移和保存的动态地质演化过程,每个阶段均受多种地质因素控制,因深部煤层所处的地质环境相对复杂,富集成藏受控于煤岩力学性质、深部地应力场、储层温压等多种因素,需加强复杂地质条件作用下煤储层的孔隙性、富气性、渗透性和可改造性四者的耦合关系研究,形成不同区块深部煤层气高产富集成藏地质认识;②成藏机理和成藏模式:深部煤岩力学性质、地应力场、储层温压、保存条件等多种因素对煤层气成藏机理与富集主控因素有着极大的影响,需围绕不同区块深部煤层气沉积环境、生烃能力、构造特征、水动力条件等系统开展深入研究,不断完善深部煤层气成藏机理和成藏模式;③甜点区评价优选:需加强“地质-工程”甜点参数的计算方法研究,主要围绕深部煤储层地质资源类参数、保存条件、可改造条件等诸多地质-工程因素,构建“一区一策”的“地质-工程”开发甜点指标体系和分类评价标准[16,68]
二是加大工程技术攻关。针对当面深部煤层气勘探开发过程中存在的问题,亟需推动钻探、压裂、排采等环节关键技术的突破,形成适于中国深部煤层气资源条件的开发技术及装备体系。
(1)钻探技术。需针对煤储层地质特征,完善钻完井开发工艺与配套技术,降低钻井成本;优化大型工厂化钻井模式,借鉴页岩气井工厂开发模式,因地制宜推广大平台“井工厂”模式,大力推进丛式井钻井;加强精准化地质导向和高效密封固井技术研究[3,69];研发高效钻井液体系,解决井壁易垮塌、易井漏、长水平段钻进托压等难题。
(2)压裂技术。大规模压裂是深部煤储层提高单井产量的有效储层改造措施,与浅部煤层压裂相比,深部煤层压裂存在诸多挑战(地应力、闭合应力、破裂压力高,岩石力学参数复杂等)[70]。主要攻关方向:①优化压裂体系,需加强针对不同煤储层地质条件下压裂工程参数体系的优化设计与煤岩缝网压裂改造工艺研究,解决支撑剂粒径组合、段簇优化、压裂液体系、压裂评价等参数与深煤层地质特征相适应,实现多裂缝开启、长距离延伸、高强度加砂、有效支撑的压裂效果,形成不同地质条件下相对应的压裂体系;②裂缝扩展机理,基于煤储层非均质的特征,强化研究煤储层压力、水场、气场分布及变化规律,通过理论分析、数值模拟与现场工业性试验相结合,厘定压裂裂缝的起裂/扩展机理,充分有效改造储层,扩大缝网有效控制范围,提高储层渗透率[26];③裂缝形态监测,开展裂缝监测软件研发,精细刻画裂缝网络形态,实现裂缝形态可视化,量化储层改造体积和气体泄流体积,进而定性或定量分析压裂裂缝形态与施工参数之间的关系,全面评价储层的压裂改造效果和产气性能。
(3)排采技术。现阶段高效排采已成为制约深部煤层气高效开发的关键技术瓶颈之一,因深部煤层气“吸附—解吸—扩散—渗流”平衡机制的复杂性,导致深部煤层气井投产后各阶段产能变化大,因此,探究与其相适应的精细化排采制度工艺迫在眉睫。主要攻关方向:①排采制度,加强深部煤层气排采全过程的理论研究,包括煤层气产出机理和生产动态规律,排采过程中游离气与解吸气的转换时机[71],不同排采阶段解吸效率及渗透率动态变化特征等,进一步探索深部煤层气水(吸附气/游离气/地层水)两相多尺度耦合产出机制,从机理上深化理论认识,从定量化方面指导优化排采制度;②排采工艺,探索验证泡排、增压气举、柱塞气举等工艺在深层煤层气井上应用的适用性和经济可行性,同时开展射流泵、气体射流及其他新型排采设备的研制,解决当前影响排采井连续生产的腐蚀、偏磨、结晶和气锁等不利因素,探索一套低成本、高效率,且满足全生命周期不同阶段排采需求的一体化排采工艺组合[62]
(4)人工智能。近年随着人工智能技术的兴起,其在油气领域的应用也在不断深化[72]。目前,地质条件复杂、优质数据积累不足、参考案例少等问题导致人工智能在煤层气勘探开发领域整体处于起步阶段,新时期深部煤层气人工智能技术重点发展的方向包括智能勘探评价算法(物探、“甜点”预测、选区评价等)、智能钻探工艺(井眼轨道智能优化、智能导向钻井、钻速智能优化等)、智能压裂参数优化(压裂设计智能优化、压裂施工过程智能调控、压裂返排优化控制)、智能排采管控(智能排采系统、排采分析系统、生产管理系统、智能安防系统、智能供电系统、智能巡检与调度系统)等,充分利用大数据、人工智能等实现技术的快速迭代升级,有望大幅度提高深部煤层气勘探开发作业效率和效益,助力数字化、智能化气田建设[73-75]
当前,中国能源生产消费革命进入关键时期,能源结构调整步伐加快,是煤层气产业发展的重要战略机遇期,机遇和挑战并存。《“十四五”现代能源体系规划》中提出“加强沁水盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地东缘煤层气勘探开发”。2023年,国家能源局下达的首批煤层气勘探开发4个示范项目中包括3个深部煤层气勘探示范项目(鄂东大宁-吉县、鄂东临兴-神府、沁水榆社-武乡),均位于两大产业化基地,明确了3个示范项目2026年预期年产量分别为10.0×108 m3、13.7×108 m3、5.1×108 m3,可见对深部煤层气勘探开发的重视。因此,未来一段时间,要继续强化两大产业化基地快速上产,充分发挥技术示范引领作用,带动中国深部煤层气产业持续快速发展,同时分步有序推进新疆准噶尔盆地、吐哈盆地、四川盆地、贵州六盘水、黔北和织纳煤田等新的深部煤层气建产区,促进形成中国深部煤系气勘探开发新格局。
通常将赋存在煤系地层中,由煤系生烃母质在地质演化过程中生成的以甲烷为主要成分的煤层气、页岩气和致密砂岩气合称为煤系“三气”[76]。中国先后在大宁-吉县、临兴-神府等区块开展了煤系“三气”综合开发,取得了一定的成效,但总体而言实现高效开发还面临较大挑战[77]。近年来,深部煤系“三气”资源潜力及其开发利用价值越来越受到关注,将深部煤系“三气”综合勘探开发一体化考虑,一方面,可以增加整个煤系天然气资源储量;另一方面,可以降低开发过程中的经济成本,被认为是提高深部煤系气资源开发效率的重要途径。深部煤系“三气”受制于其储层物性和成藏地质条件的特殊性,造就了其合采的技术特点与难点,为了实现由单一深部煤层气勘探开发向煤系“三气”共探合采转型,需围绕深部煤系“三气”共生特性、共探方法、合采兼容性等问题加强系统性研究工作,理论方面应进一步加强煤系气共生关系与聚集模式、共采兼容性评价、开发过程能量转化、流体能量干扰判识等方面的基础研究;区域方面重点开展华北深部,新疆、内蒙古东部煤系“三气”地质调查,创新深部煤系“三气”共探合采技术方法和开发时序,逐步实现“一体勘查、合理布局、统筹开发、经济高效”的开发格局[78-79]
新时期中国天然气对外依存度长期处于高位,煤层气作为天然气有效补充的清洁能源,加快深部煤层气开发利用,是中国推进能源生产和消费革命的重要途径,也是国家能源安全的可靠保障。中国深部煤层气虽在一些区块取得突破,但总体尚处于起步阶段,距离大规模的经济有效勘探开发仍然面临着巨大挑战,在“碳达峰、碳中和”的目标导向下,如何合理、高效、经济开发利用深部煤层气已成为一个亟需解决的问题。
(1)中国煤层气资源丰富,陆地2 000 m以浅的煤层气地质资源量30.05×1012 m3,2 000 m以深煤层气地质资源量在18.47×1012~40.71×1012 m3,展现了巨大的资源储量潜力,但中国煤层气总体勘探开发程度较低。近年来,受深部煤层气勘探开发取得突破,带动了中国煤层气探明地质储量和产量的持续增长,综合煤层气资源潜力来看,中国煤层气产业发展规模距国家层面的目标要求还有不小的差距。
(2)系统评述了中国典型区块(延川南、大宁-吉县、临兴-神府、大牛地、准噶尔盆地白家海凸起等)深部煤层气开发进展,重点总结了中国深部煤层气在地质评价、钻探、压裂、排采关键技术环节取得的突破性进展。
(3)中国深部煤层气勘探开发整体处于规模开发初期阶段,针对勘探与开发过程中面临的主要科学问题,建议新时期深部煤层气勘探开发重点开展4个方面工作:全面推进深部煤层气资源勘查、加大勘探开发关键技术攻关、加快推动开发利用示范区建设、加强深部煤系“三气”共探合采,助力中国深部煤层气产业快速发展。
  • 自然资源部二级课题(2024KCZYCLPS)
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2025年第25卷第14期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406640
  • 接收时间:2024-09-04
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-05-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-04
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自然资源部二级课题(2024KCZYCLPS)
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    1. 中国煤炭地质总局勘查研究总院, 北京 100039
    2. 矿山透明地质与数字孪生技术国家矿山安全监察局重点实验室, 北京 100039
    3. 自然资源部油气资源战略研究中心, 北京 100860
    4. 中国煤炭学会, 北京 100013

通讯作者:

*郭海晓(1984—),男,汉族,河北邯郸人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:油气矿产资源管理和储量估算。E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kxjsygc/CN/10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406640
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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