Article(id=1149768953108545742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768937925165147, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404295, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1717862400000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-09, revisedDate=1731772800000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752055880095, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1748361600000, pubDateStr=2025-05-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752055880095, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752055880095, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752055880095, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149768937925165147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='15', pageStart='6155', pageEnd='6586', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752055876475, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456822194, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559490207699090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768937925165147, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559490211893395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768937925165147, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=6410, endPage=6418, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149768954656243935, articleId=1149768953108545742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Material Demand Forecasting for Distribution Networks Based on Improved Particle Swarm Algorithm and Extreme Learning Machine Modeling, columnId=1156262729162810294, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Automation and Computational Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
In order to solve the problem of difficulty in constructing forecasting models caused by the characteristics of power grid materials, such as many varieties, diverse specifications, huge quantities, wide range of uses, and great influence by policies and investments. Firstly, the factors affecting the quantity of material demand for infrastructure, business expansion, and emergency repair projects were screened by the Delphi method and gray correlation analysis (GRA). Secondly, an improved particle swarm algorithm that introduced adaptive inertia factor and learning factor was utilized to adjust the optimal parameter combinations of the extreme learning machine, and train the material demand prediction models for various distribution network projects. Finally, the results of the GRA-IPSO-ELM (grey relational analysis, improved particle swarm optimization, and extreme learning machines) model were compared with the results of four common forecasting models by taking the demand of 10 kV power cables of a power grid for 2020—2022 infrastructure projects as an example. The results show that the prediction accuracy of the GRA-IPSO-ELM model is improved by 10.38%, 5.37% and 3.83% compared with the ELM model, the support vector machine model and the PSO-ELM model, which shows that the model proposed in this paper realizes accurate and efficient prediction of the quantity of material demand in the distribution network.
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为解决电网物资品种繁多、规格多样、数量巨大、用途广泛、受政策和投资影响大等特点所导致的预测模型构建困难的问题。首先,通过德尔菲法和灰色关联分析法(gray correlation analysis,GRA)筛选影响基建、业扩及抢修项目物资需求数量的因素。其次,利用引入自适应惯性因子和学习因子的改进粒子群算法调整极限学习机的最佳参数组合,训练各类配网项目物资需求预测模型。最后,以南方电网深圳市某供电局2020—2022年基建项目10 kV电力电缆需求情况为例,将GRA-IPSO-ELM(grey relational analysis,improved particle swarm optimization,and extreme learning machines)德尔菲法和灰色关联分析法模型与常见的4种预测模型的结果进行对比。结果表明,相较于ELM模型、支持向量机模型以及PSO-ELM模型,GRA-IPSO-ELM模型预测准确率得到10.38%、5.37%、3.83%的提升,可见,所提出的模型实现了对配网物资需求数量准确且高效的预测。
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王永利(1980—),男,汉族,河北石家庄人,博士,教授。研究方向:电力经济管理。E-mail:wyl_2001_ren@126.com。
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王永利(1980—),男,汉族,河北石家庄人,博士,教授。研究方向:电力经济管理。E-mail:wyl_2001_ren@126.com。
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Factors influencing the demand for distribution network materials, figureFileSmall=9NbOkvhEaGnhqZw6vPAtXQ==, figureFileBig=eTNaaEYdDdsWLTRH+378KA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172924061635199380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768953108545742, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
配网物资需求影响因素, figureFileSmall=9NbOkvhEaGnhqZw6vPAtXQ==, figureFileBig=eTNaaEYdDdsWLTRH+378KA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172924061727474069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768953108545742, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Key influences on the quantity of 10 kV material required for each type of project, figureFileSmall=zQ+8q/EeyYhYI2fzBX1lZA==, figureFileBig=2Uv7RqhOKzn2pi50VR9SVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172924061786194326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768953108545742, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
各类型项目10 kV物资需求数量关键影响因素, figureFileSmall=zQ+8q/EeyYhYI2fzBX1lZA==, figureFileBig=2Uv7RqhOKzn2pi50VR9SVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172924061853303191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768953108545742, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Flowchart of GRA-IPSO-ELM algorithm, figureFileSmall=rlATP88sLfBUmpXl6KfhjQ==, figureFileBig=fwDbeXYpMpwN1bWf5r3lgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172924061916217752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768953108545742, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
GRA-IPSO-ELM算法流程图, figureFileSmall=rlATP88sLfBUmpXl6KfhjQ==, figureFileBig=fwDbeXYpMpwN1bWf5r3lgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172924061966549401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768953108545742, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
IPSO-ELM model prediction results, figureFileSmall=1Xm8luYl3Q5Xij74jsltQA==, figureFileBig=nPXtbCE/lfTKP6ltuRzGOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172924062029463962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768953108545742, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
IPSO-ELM模型预测结果, figureFileSmall=1Xm8luYl3Q5Xij74jsltQA==, figureFileBig=nPXtbCE/lfTKP6ltuRzGOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172924062100767131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768953108545742, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Multi-model prediction results, figureFileSmall=p71YcEDZYP+MOqA/bu+uXg==, figureFileBig=B6xCBnqNcCOHcnMXXskgZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172924062159487388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768953108545742, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
多模型预测结果, figureFileSmall=p71YcEDZYP+MOqA/bu+uXg==, figureFileBig=B6xCBnqNcCOHcnMXXskgZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172924062218207645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768953108545742, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Comparison of decision coefficients of multiple models, figureFileSmall=zUIW9aPVC/bgH7eVkiOfyw==, figureFileBig=6qIs3Jgw9QsJJ1ygeppvdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172924062281122206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768953108545742, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
多种模型决定系数对比, figureFileSmall=zUIW9aPVC/bgH7eVkiOfyw==, figureFileBig=6qIs3Jgw9QsJJ1ygeppvdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172924062377591199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768953108545742, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Comparison of training time for multiple models, figureFileSmall=1XFaN92zmuuEg5gfW3G3RQ==, figureFileBig=bnYzA7HfykVKu1wUIIcU3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172924062444700064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768953108545742, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
多种模型训练时间对比, figureFileSmall=1XFaN92zmuuEg5gfW3G3RQ==, figureFileBig=bnYzA7HfykVKu1wUIIcU3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172924062503420321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768953108545742, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Internal and external influences and how they are quantified
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 影响因素 | 量化方式 |
内部影响 因素 | 项目数量 | 每月项目数量 |
| 历史用量 | 各月(1—12月)领用总数量 |
| 年度投资 | 年度投资(元) |
外部影响 因素 | 负荷增长 | 选取每月最高负荷反映每个月的用电负荷情况 |
| 经济发展 | 固定资产投资额变化幅度(导入该地区统计局固定资产投资额变化 |
天气环境 (降雨) | 每月降雨量 |
天气环境 (台风) | 每月平均风速 |
天气环境 (雷击) | 每月雷电天气频率 |
), ArticleFig(id=1172924062557946274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768953108545742, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
内外部影响因素及其量化方式
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 影响因素 | 量化方式 |
内部影响 因素 | 项目数量 | 每月项目数量 |
| 历史用量 | 各月(1—12月)领用总数量 |
| 年度投资 | 年度投资(元) |
外部影响 因素 | 负荷增长 | 选取每月最高负荷反映每个月的用电负荷情况 |
| 经济发展 | 固定资产投资额变化幅度(导入该地区统计局固定资产投资额变化 |
天气环境 (降雨) | 每月降雨量 |
天气环境 (台风) | 每月平均风速 |
天气环境 (雷击) | 每月雷电天气频率 |
), ArticleFig(id=1172924062666998179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768953108545742, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Correlation between the quantity of materials required for infrastructure projects and the factors affecting them
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 影响因素 | 关联度 | 排名 | 权重/% |
| 年度投资 | 0.904 | 1 | 20.7 |
| 项目数量 | 0.898 | 2 | 20.6 |
| 负荷增长 | 0.872 | 3 | 19.9 |
| 经济发展 | 0.870 | 4 | 19.9 |
| 历史用量 | 0.822 | 5 | 18.9 |
| 天气环境(降雨) | 0.643 | 6 | — |
| 天气环境(台风) | 0.601 | 7 | — |
| 天气环境(雷击) | 0.592 | 8 | — |
), ArticleFig(id=1172924062725718436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768953108545742, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
基建项目物资需求数量与各影响因素的关联度
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 影响因素 | 关联度 | 排名 | 权重/% |
| 年度投资 | 0.904 | 1 | 20.7 |
| 项目数量 | 0.898 | 2 | 20.6 |
| 负荷增长 | 0.872 | 3 | 19.9 |
| 经济发展 | 0.870 | 4 | 19.9 |
| 历史用量 | 0.822 | 5 | 18.9 |
| 天气环境(降雨) | 0.643 | 6 | — |
| 天气环境(台风) | 0.601 | 7 | — |
| 天气环境(雷击) | 0.592 | 8 | — |
), ArticleFig(id=1172924062792827301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768953108545742, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Correlation between the quantity of material requirements for the business expansion project and the factors affecting them
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 影响因素 | 关联度 | 排名 | 权重/% |
| 负荷增长 | 0.921 | 1 | 26.3 |
| 经济发展 | 0.886 | 2 | 25.3 |
| 历史用量 | 0.870 | 3 | 24.9 |
| 项目数量 | 0.821 | 4 | 23.5 |
| 年度投资 | 0.602 | 5 | — |
| 天气环境(降雨) | 0.532 | 6 | — |
| 天气环境(台风) | 0.521 | 7 | — |
| 天气环境(雷击) | 0.497 | 8 | — |
), ArticleFig(id=1172924062855741862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768953108545742, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
业扩项目物资需求数量与各影响因素的关联度
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 影响因素 | 关联度 | 排名 | 权重/% |
| 负荷增长 | 0.921 | 1 | 26.3 |
| 经济发展 | 0.886 | 2 | 25.3 |
| 历史用量 | 0.870 | 3 | 24.9 |
| 项目数量 | 0.821 | 4 | 23.5 |
| 年度投资 | 0.602 | 5 | — |
| 天气环境(降雨) | 0.532 | 6 | — |
| 天气环境(台风) | 0.521 | 7 | — |
| 天气环境(雷击) | 0.497 | 8 | — |
), ArticleFig(id=1172924062922850727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768953108545742, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Correlation between the quantity of materials required for emergency repair projects and the factors affecting them
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 影响因素 | 关联度 | 排名 | 权重/% |
| 天气环境(降雨) | 0.901 | 1 | 26.1 |
| 天气环境(台风) | 0.892 | 2 | 25.8 |
| 天气环境(雷击) | 0.867 | 3 | 25.0 |
| 负荷增长 | 0.801 | 4 | 23.1 |
| 经济发展 | 0.552 | 5 | — |
| 项目数量 | 0.534 | 6 | — |
| 历史用量 | 0.501 | 7 | — |
| 年度投资 | 0.490 | 8 | — |
), ArticleFig(id=1172924063023514024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768953108545742, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
抢修项目物资需求数量与各影响因素的关联度
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 影响因素 | 关联度 | 排名 | 权重/% |
| 天气环境(降雨) | 0.901 | 1 | 26.1 |
| 天气环境(台风) | 0.892 | 2 | 25.8 |
| 天气环境(雷击) | 0.867 | 3 | 25.0 |
| 负荷增长 | 0.801 | 4 | 23.1 |
| 经济发展 | 0.552 | 5 | — |
| 项目数量 | 0.534 | 6 | — |
| 历史用量 | 0.501 | 7 | — |
| 年度投资 | 0.490 | 8 | — |
), ArticleFig(id=1172924063078039977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768953108545742, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=
Comparison of true and predicted values for multiple model test sets
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| 样本编号 | 真实值 | ELM预测 | | 支持向量机预测 | | PSO-ELM预测 | | IPSO-ELM预测 |
| 预测值 | 相对 误差/% | 预测值 | 相对误差/% | 预测值 | 相对 误差/% | 预测值 | 相对 误差/% |
| 27 | 202.415 9 | 225.892 0 | 11.6 | | 235.516 0 | 16.35 | | 174.977 9 | 13.56 | | 191.7815 | 5.25 |
| 28 | 73.225 1 | 69.011 0 | 5.75 | | 86.420 4 | 18.02 | | 83.623 5 | 14.20 | | 63.834 1 | 12.82 |
| 29 | 50.117 5 | 35.151 0 | 29.86 | | 50.213 5 | 0.19 | | 55.191 2 | 10.12 | | 42.412 4 | 15.37 |
| 30 | 22.108 5 | 27.617 0 | 24.92 | | 25.446 6 | 15.10 | | 23.602 4 | 6.76 | | 20.540 2 | 7.09 |
| 31 | 39.038 0 | 34.130 2 | 12.57 | | 45.221 1 | 15.84 | | 44.038 0 | 12.81 | | 42.851 0 | 9.77 |
| 32 | 55.724 1 | 44.880 0 | 19.46 | | 45.783 0 | 17.84 | | 62.647 0 | 12.42 | | 51.526 7 | 7.53 |
| 33 | 87.374 0 | 108.137 0 | 23.76 | | 69.469 0 | 20.49 | | 68.158 0 | 21.99 | | 80.535 0 | 7.83 |
| 34 | 124.143 6 | 156.770 1 | 26.28 | | 119.602 0 | 3.66 | | 108.744 4 | 12.40 | | 112.679 7 | 9.23 |
| 35 | 180.538 0 | 214.230 0 | 18.66 | | 207.502 0 | 14.94 | | 151.032 0 | 16.34 | | 165.967 0 | 8.07 |
| 36 | 95.634 0 | 77.670 0 | 18.78 | | 113.909 2 | 19.11 | | 90.366 8 | 5.51 | | 100.303 8 | 4.88 |
| 平均相对误差 | — | — | 19.71 | | — | 14.15 | | — | 12.61 | | — | 8.79 |
), ArticleFig(id=1172924063157731754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768953108545742, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
多种模型测试集真实值与预测值对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 样本编号 | 真实值 | ELM预测 | | 支持向量机预测 | | PSO-ELM预测 | | IPSO-ELM预测 |
| 预测值 | 相对 误差/% | 预测值 | 相对误差/% | 预测值 | 相对 误差/% | 预测值 | 相对 误差/% |
| 27 | 202.415 9 | 225.892 0 | 11.6 | | 235.516 0 | 16.35 | | 174.977 9 | 13.56 | | 191.7815 | 5.25 |
| 28 | 73.225 1 | 69.011 0 | 5.75 | | 86.420 4 | 18.02 | | 83.623 5 | 14.20 | | 63.834 1 | 12.82 |
| 29 | 50.117 5 | 35.151 0 | 29.86 | | 50.213 5 | 0.19 | | 55.191 2 | 10.12 | | 42.412 4 | 15.37 |
| 30 | 22.108 5 | 27.617 0 | 24.92 | | 25.446 6 | 15.10 | | 23.602 4 | 6.76 | | 20.540 2 | 7.09 |
| 31 | 39.038 0 | 34.130 2 | 12.57 | | 45.221 1 | 15.84 | | 44.038 0 | 12.81 | | 42.851 0 | 9.77 |
| 32 | 55.724 1 | 44.880 0 | 19.46 | | 45.783 0 | 17.84 | | 62.647 0 | 12.42 | | 51.526 7 | 7.53 |
| 33 | 87.374 0 | 108.137 0 | 23.76 | | 69.469 0 | 20.49 | | 68.158 0 | 21.99 | | 80.535 0 | 7.83 |
| 34 | 124.143 6 | 156.770 1 | 26.28 | | 119.602 0 | 3.66 | | 108.744 4 | 12.40 | | 112.679 7 | 9.23 |
| 35 | 180.538 0 | 214.230 0 | 18.66 | | 207.502 0 | 14.94 | | 151.032 0 | 16.34 | | 165.967 0 | 8.07 |
| 36 | 95.634 0 | 77.670 0 | 18.78 | | 113.909 2 | 19.11 | | 90.366 8 | 5.51 | | 100.303 8 | 4.88 |
| 平均相对误差 | — | — | 19.71 | | — | 14.15 | | — | 12.61 | | — | 8.79 |
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