Article(id=1149768949887320243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768937925165147, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406267, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724169600000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-21, revisedDate=1732896000000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752055879327, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1748361600000, pubDateStr=2025-05-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752055879327, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752055879327, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752055879327, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149768937925165147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='15', pageStart='6155', pageEnd='6586', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752055876475, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456822194, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559490207699090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768937925165147, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559490211893395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768937925165147, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=6446, endPage=6452, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149768951569236167, articleId=1149768949887320243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Determination Method of Slope Safety Factor in Strength Reduction Method Based on Maximum Displacement Standard Deviation, columnId=1156963932482130535, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Architectural Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The strength reduction method is an essential approach for calculating the slope safety factor, with its computation reliant on the criterion for slope instability during the process of strength reduction. Among the commonly employed criteria for slope instability, displacement mutation stands out; however, its determination remains relatively subjective at present. The maximum slope displacement was considered as a function of the strength reduction factor based on the strength reduction method. The standard deviations of the maximum slope displacements for different strength reduction factors were calculated. Consequently, a method for determining the slope safety factor within the strength reduction method, based on the standard deviations of the maximum slope displacements, was proposed. The method was validated through a typical case study and subsequently applied to a practical engineering project. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can objectively identify the occurrence of slope displacement mutation during the strength reduction process and effectively ascertain the slope safety factor. The proposed method is especially applicable for practical slope engineering projects requiring quantitative comparison of safety factors for different cases.

, correspAuthors=Wei ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Wen-rui SUN, Wei ZHANG, Ke-jian WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149768978324701539, articleId=1149768949887320243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于最大位移标准差的强度折减法中边坡安全系数确定方法, columnId=1156262730517565784, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·建筑科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

强度折减法是计算边坡安全系数的重要方法,其对安全系数的计算依赖于强度折减过程中边坡失稳的判据。位移突变是目前常用的边坡失稳判据之一,目前对边坡位移突变的判定较为主观。基于强度折减法,计算出边坡最大位移随强度折减系数的变化,并计算不同折减系数时边坡最大位移的标准差,提出了一种基于最大位移标准差的强度折减法中边坡安全系数确定方法。采用典型算例验证了提出方法的正确性,并将该方法应用于工程实际。结果表明,该方法可以客观识别强度折减过程中边坡位移突变的发生,有效确定边坡安全系数。对于需要定量对比不同工况下安全系数变化的实际边坡工程,该方法具有一定的实用价值。

, correspAuthors=张巍, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 张巍(1983—),男,汉族,湖北天门人,博士,教授。研究方向:岩土工程灾害机理与数值模拟。E-mail:
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孙文睿(1999—),男,汉族,广东广州人,硕士研究生。研究方向:岩土工程灾害机理与数值模拟。E-mail:

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孙文睿(1999—),男,汉族,广东广州人,硕士研究生。研究方向:岩土工程灾害机理与数值模拟。E-mail:

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孙文睿(1999—),男,汉族,广东广州人,硕士研究生。研究方向:岩土工程灾害机理与数值模拟。E-mail:

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Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2005(2): 332-336., articleTitle=Study on slope failure criterion in strength reduction finite element method, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172924153255571783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768949887320243, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=31, issue=10, pageStart=3337, pageEnd=3341, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=73, authorNames=裴利剑, 屈本宁, 钱闪光, journalName=岩土力学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=裴利剑, 屈本宁, 钱闪光. 有限元强度折减法边坡失稳判据的统一性[J]. 岩土力学, 2010, 31(10): 3337-3341., articleTitle=有限元强度折减法边坡失稳判据的统一性, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172924153305903432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768949887320243, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=31, issue=10, pageStart=3337, pageEnd=3341, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=74, authorNames=Pei Lijian, Qu Benning, Qian Shanguang, journalName=Rock and Soil Mechanics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pei Lijian, Qu Benning, Qian Shanguang. Uniformity of slope instability criteria of strength reduction with FEM[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2010, 31(10): 3337-3341., articleTitle=Uniformity of slope instability criteria of strength reduction with FEM, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172924153377206601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768949887320243, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=41, issue=9, pageStart=143, pageEnd=146, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=75, authorNames=徐敬琦, 徐力群, 张国琛, journalName=水电能源科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=徐敬琦, 徐力群, 张国琛. 基于总位移模突变的土质边坡失稳判据研究[J]. 水电能源科学, 2023, 41(9): 129, 143-146., articleTitle=基于总位移模突变的土质边坡失稳判据研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172924153427538250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768949887320243, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=41, issue=9, pageStart=143, pageEnd=146, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=76, authorNames=Xu Jingqi, Xu Liqun, Zhang Guochen, journalName=Water Resources and Power, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu Jingqi, Xu Liqun, Zhang Guochen. Study of slope instability criterion based on total displacement mode mutation[J]. Water Resources and Power, 2023, 41(9): 129, 143-146., articleTitle=Study of slope instability criterion based on total displacement mode mutation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1172924153511424331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768949887320243, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1960, volume=10, issue=4, pageStart=129, pageEnd=147, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=77, authorNames=Bishop A W, Morgenstern N R, journalName=Geotechnique, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bishop A W, Morgenstern N R. Stability coefficients for earth slopes[J]. 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figureFileBig=VUXew3yHBBB6f+W2TjpAeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172924145978454258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768949887320243, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=The max displacement-strength reduction reduction factor curve of tunnel engineering excavation conditions, figureFileSmall=Rvhjzddw/Z1yQ7krEsQ74Q==, figureFileBig=BGnELbFov8/PP+hDK6C0pQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172924146074923251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768949887320243, language=CN, label=图7, caption=隧洞工程开挖工况最大位移-强度折减系数曲线, figureFileSmall=Rvhjzddw/Z1yQ7krEsQ74Q==, figureFileBig=BGnELbFov8/PP+hDK6C0pQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172924146217529588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768949887320243, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=The max displacement-strength reduction reduction factor curve of pile foundation construction condition, figureFileSmall=FS/BZuNsSmkUNDBFf9uAGQ==, figureFileBig=D1swbsguXE4dGXrloMC62Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172924146313998581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768949887320243, language=CN, label=图8, caption=桩基施工工况最大位移-强度折减系数曲线, figureFileSmall=FS/BZuNsSmkUNDBFf9uAGQ==, figureFileBig=D1swbsguXE4dGXrloMC62Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172924146376913142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768949887320243, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Statistics of rock and soil parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层号 土层名称 重度/
(kN·m-3)
变形模
量/MPa
泊松比 黏聚力/
kPa
内摩
擦角/
(°)
1 人工填土 18.0 4 0.3 5 10
2 含碎石粉质黏土 19.3 3.84 0.32 25 20
3 粉质黏土 18.1 3.5 0.32 25 15
4 强风化变质砂岩 21.0 100 0.35 40 22
5 中风化变质砂岩 24.7 500 0.3 70 25
6 微风化变质砂岩 25.4 1 000 0.3 120 30
), ArticleFig(id=1172924146481770743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768949887320243, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

岩土层参数统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层号 土层名称 重度/
(kN·m-3)
变形模
量/MPa
泊松比 黏聚力/
kPa
内摩
擦角/
(°)
1 人工填土 18.0 4 0.3 5 10
2 含碎石粉质黏土 19.3 3.84 0.32 25 20
3 粉质黏土 18.1 3.5 0.32 25 15
4 强风化变质砂岩 21.0 100 0.35 40 22
5 中风化变质砂岩 24.7 500 0.3 70 25
6 微风化变质砂岩 25.4 1 000 0.3 120 30
), ArticleFig(id=1172924146561462520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768949887320243, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Statistics of other material parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 结构名称 重度/
(kN·m-3)
变形模量/
MPa
泊松比
1 抗滑桩 25.0 28 000 0.2
2 锚杆 200 000
3 管道桩基础 25.0 31 500 0.2
), ArticleFig(id=1172924146624377081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768949887320243, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

其余材料参数统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 结构名称 重度/
(kN·m-3)
变形模量/
MPa
泊松比
1 抗滑桩 25.0 28 000 0.2
2 锚杆 200 000
3 管道桩基础 25.0 31 500 0.2
), ArticleFig(id=1172924146750206202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768949887320243, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Evolution of safety factor of high slope under different working conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 安全系数
初始工况 1.60
工程隧洞开挖工况 1.37
管道工程桩基础施工工况 1.37
), ArticleFig(id=1172924146917978363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768949887320243, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同工况下高边坡安全系数演化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 安全系数
初始工况 1.60
工程隧洞开挖工况 1.37
管道工程桩基础施工工况 1.37
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基于最大位移标准差的强度折减法中边坡安全系数确定方法
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孙文睿 , 张巍 * , 王克俭
科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025,25(15): 6446-6452
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·建筑科学 2025, 25(15): 6446-6452
基于最大位移标准差的强度折减法中边坡安全系数确定方法
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孙文睿 , 张巍* , 王克俭
作者信息
  • 华南农业大学水利与土木工程学院, 广州 510642
  • 孙文睿(1999—),男,汉族,广东广州人,硕士研究生。研究方向:岩土工程灾害机理与数值模拟。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 张巍(1983—),男,汉族,湖北天门人,博士,教授。研究方向:岩土工程灾害机理与数值模拟。E-mail:
Determination Method of Slope Safety Factor in Strength Reduction Method Based on Maximum Displacement Standard Deviation
Wen-rui SUN , Wei ZHANG* , Ke-jian WANG
Affiliations
  • College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
出版时间: 2025-05-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406267
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强度折减法是计算边坡安全系数的重要方法,其对安全系数的计算依赖于强度折减过程中边坡失稳的判据。位移突变是目前常用的边坡失稳判据之一,目前对边坡位移突变的判定较为主观。基于强度折减法,计算出边坡最大位移随强度折减系数的变化,并计算不同折减系数时边坡最大位移的标准差,提出了一种基于最大位移标准差的强度折减法中边坡安全系数确定方法。采用典型算例验证了提出方法的正确性,并将该方法应用于工程实际。结果表明,该方法可以客观识别强度折减过程中边坡位移突变的发生,有效确定边坡安全系数。对于需要定量对比不同工况下安全系数变化的实际边坡工程,该方法具有一定的实用价值。

边坡  /  强度折减法  /  标准差  /  安全系数  /  数值模拟

The strength reduction method is an essential approach for calculating the slope safety factor, with its computation reliant on the criterion for slope instability during the process of strength reduction. Among the commonly employed criteria for slope instability, displacement mutation stands out; however, its determination remains relatively subjective at present. The maximum slope displacement was considered as a function of the strength reduction factor based on the strength reduction method. The standard deviations of the maximum slope displacements for different strength reduction factors were calculated. Consequently, a method for determining the slope safety factor within the strength reduction method, based on the standard deviations of the maximum slope displacements, was proposed. The method was validated through a typical case study and subsequently applied to a practical engineering project. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can objectively identify the occurrence of slope displacement mutation during the strength reduction process and effectively ascertain the slope safety factor. The proposed method is especially applicable for practical slope engineering projects requiring quantitative comparison of safety factors for different cases.

slope  /  strength reduction method  /  standard deviation  /  safety factor  /  numerical simulation
孙文睿, 张巍, 王克俭. 基于最大位移标准差的强度折减法中边坡安全系数确定方法. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (15) : 6446 -6452 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406267
Wen-rui SUN, Wei ZHANG, Ke-jian WANG. Determination Method of Slope Safety Factor in Strength Reduction Method Based on Maximum Displacement Standard Deviation[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (15) : 6446 -6452 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406267
边坡稳定性分析能评估边坡的稳定性状态,预测潜在滑坡风险,为工程边坡设计和灾害防治提供科学依据。目前,常用的边坡稳定性分析方法主要包括极限平衡法、极限分析法和数值分析法。
极限平衡法[1-4]是一种基于静力平衡和摩尔-库仑强度准则的边坡稳定性分析方法,通过假设可能的滑动面形状和位置,计算滑动面上的抗滑力和下滑力,从而判断边坡的稳定性。尽管极限平衡法计算原理简单,容易实现,且在工程领域应用广泛,但是在计算时需要引入一些假定,与土体实际的应力-应变状态不符,且无法应用于复杂边坡或者复杂工况下的稳定性分析[5-6]。另一方面,极限平衡法需要从众多可行的滑动面中找出最危险的滑动面,结果依赖于临界滑动面搜索方法,即使得益于计算机的高速发展,在计算效率得到提高的情况下,当自由度数较多时,还是较难搜索出真正的临界滑动面,且无法模拟出边坡的破坏过程[7-9]
极限分析法[10-13]是一种基于塑性力学和极限定理的稳定性分析方法,是解决边坡稳定问题的有效方法之一。它通过求解满足静力许可、运动许可和能量准则的极限荷载,来判断结构的稳定性。极限分析法可以分为上限法和下限法。不管是采用上限法还是下限法,其理论基础均较为复杂,在某些情况下,可能无法找到满足所有准则的解,而且无法应用于复杂边坡或者复杂工况下的稳定性分析,同样无法呈现边坡失稳的过程[14-16]
数值分析法借助现代数值计算方法进行边坡稳定性分析,能考虑复杂的边坡失稳机理,具有自动搜寻滑动面、适用性广等优点,通常采用的方法为有限元强度折减法[17-22],其基本思路是,采用Mohr-Coloumb弹塑性模型对边坡进行弹塑性有限元数值计算,不断增加强度折减系数直至边坡失稳,将边坡失稳时的强度折减系数视为边坡稳定性安全系数。强度折减法对安全系数的计算依赖于边坡失稳的判据,准确判断当强度折减到何种程度时边坡失稳,是强度折减法能准确确定边坡安全系数的关键所在。目前常用的失稳判据包括数值计算不收敛[14,23-24]、位移突变[25-26]和塑性区贯通[27-29]。“数值计算不收敛”判据认为,当强度折减系数增加到一定程度,在计算中迭代次数达到了一定数值后,求解器无法找到满足所有方程和边界条件的解,表现为数值分析的迭代计算不再收敛,这意味着边坡已经达到了极限平衡状态。王栋等[30]认为以计算不收敛作为判据适用面更广;刘金等[31]利用强度折减法,对河堤边坡稳定性进行计算分析,验证了以计算不收敛作为判据的可靠性;王昕宇等[32]采用ABAQUS对台阶型开挖边坡进行模拟计算,认为以计算不收敛作为判据能保证一定的准确性,同时计算也会更加便捷。“位移突变”判据认为,在强度折减过程中,随着折减系数的增加,边坡的位移通常会逐渐增大。如果在某个折减系数下,位移突然发生显著的增长(即位移突变),就意味着边坡产生滑动变形,发生破坏。王鑫等[33]通过绘制x方向位移-强度折减系数曲线,采用位移突变作为判据对沿海吹填土堤边坡稳定性进行分析;田雷等[34]基于离散元法以位移突变为判据研究了根系护土对边坡稳定性的影响;许波等[35]针对蠕动型滑坡位移变形建立数值模型,验证了位移突变作为边坡失稳判据的可靠性。“塑性区贯通”判据认为,如果塑性区在边坡内部逐渐扩展,并最终形成连续的塑性贯通区,这意味着边坡已经丧失整体稳定性,无法再承受更多的应力。赵帮跃等[36]认为以塑性区贯通为判据有助于对边坡稳定性的分析;陈以超等[37]对地下洞室群稳定性进行分析,认为以塑性区贯通作为判据与工程实际更相符。
上述3个边坡失稳判据中,一些研究人员认为采用“计算不收敛”判据不妥,因为弹塑性有限元计算程序比较复杂,计算失误也会导致数值计算不收敛[38-39]。同时,也有人认为“塑性区贯通”判据不甚合理,其理由是,即使滑面上每点都达到极限应力状态,但由于边界条件的约束,岩土体没有足够的位移仍不会发生滑动破坏。滑面上塑性区贯通只是破坏的必要条件,而非充分条件,它表征着渐进破坏的开始[40-41]。边坡失稳,滑体由稳定静止状态变为运动状态,滑面节点位移和塑性应变将产生突变,直到滑体滑出。因此,可以把“位移突变”作为边坡整体失稳的标志。然而,当采用“位移突变”作为边坡失稳判据时,在很大程度上依赖于对位移-强度折减系数曲线的主观观察和判断,对某点是否发生“位移突变”的判断缺乏明确的定量标准[42]
为客观判断“位移突变”,提出基于最大位移标准差的强度折减法中边坡安全系数确定方法。首先,采用数值方法对边坡进行弹塑性分析,计算出边坡最大位移随强度折减系数的变化过程;然后,计算不同折减系数时边坡最大位移的均值和标准差,当边坡最大位移超过之前所有折减系数对应的最大位移的均值三倍标准差以上时,认为强度折减过程中发生了“位移突变”,此时的强度折减系数即为边坡安全系数。最后,采用典型算例验证了提出方法的正确性,并将该方法应用于工程实际。
强度折减法最初由英国的Zienkiewiczs[27]提出并应用于边坡稳定分析。其原理为假定一个强度折减系数Fs,将边坡的强度参数(黏聚力c及内摩擦角φ)除以强度折减系数Fs,从而将原参数折减为一组新的强度参数c'φ',并采用折减后的强度参数重新计算。依此不断增加折减系数直至边坡失稳,此时所对应的强度折减系数Fs可作为边坡的安全系数。c'φ'的折减计算公式为
c'= c F s
φ'=arctan t a n φ F s
有限元强度折减法通过不断降低岩土强度直至边坡失稳来获取边坡安全系数,具有自动搜寻滑动面、能考虑复杂影响因素等优点。边坡失稳,滑体由稳定静止状态变为运动状态,滑面节点位移和塑性应变将产生突变,此时位移和塑性应变将高速无限发展,直到滑体滑出。这一现象符合边坡破坏的概念,因此可把位移突变作为边坡整体失稳的标志。
在统计学领域,标准差σ作为一种量化数据集合离散程度的指标,对于评估数据的相对稳定性具有重要意义。根据正态分布的特性,一个呈正态分布的数据集中,约有68.27%的数据点将位于以平均值为中心的1σ范围内,约有95.45%的数据点将位于2σ范围内,约有99.73%的数据点将位于3σ范围内,约有99.99%的数据点将位于5σ范围内。在统计学实践中,3σ原则因其良好的平衡性而被广泛采用。这一原则不仅能够有效地区分正常波动与异常波动,还能够在保持数据完整性的同时,合理识别出潜在的异常值。因此,本文中选择将边坡最大位移超出平均值3倍σ作为“位移突变”的客观判据。当边坡最大位移突破了基于3σ原则设定的正常区间,即可视为发生了“位移突变”,边坡发生失稳。
基于边坡最大位移标准差的“位移突变”判断方法的具体步骤为:①基于强度折减法进行边坡弹塑性分析,获得边坡最大位移随强度折减系数的变化过程。②计算不同折减系数下边坡最大位移的均值和标准差。对于每个折减系数,仅统计当前折减系数及其之前折减系数对应的最大位移的均值和方差。③当某折减系数的最大位移大于前一折减系数计算出的最大位移均值与3倍σ之和时,则可认为该点发生“位移突变”,可将该点所对应的强度折减系数定为边坡安全系数。
记第n个点的最大位移为un,根据均值和标准差的定义可得
u - n= i = 1 n u i n
σn= i = 1 n ( u i - u - ) 2 n
式中: u - n为前n个点的最大位移平均值;σn为前n个点的最大位移标准差。当un+1满足式(5)时,则可认为第n+1个点发生位移突变,即
un+1> u - n+3σn
一均质边坡,边坡底长60 m,坡顶宽20 m,坡高10 m,模型总高度15 m。采用强度折减法计算边坡安全系数,基于FLAC3D建立了边坡弹塑性数值计算模型。该计算模型共剖分了5 768个节点及16 578个单元。模型的左右两端采取法向约束,底部采取完全约束,仅施加自重荷载。边坡几何尺寸示意图及计算网格分别如图1图2所示。边坡的力学参数取值如下:密度取为ρ=2 000 kg/m3,弹性模量和泊松比分别取E=100 MPa和ν=0.3,黏聚力c=15 kPa,内摩擦角φ=20°,膨胀角ψ=0°。强度折减计算时,保持其他力学参数不变,强度折减系数从1.00按0.01的间距逐渐增加到1.50。
计算结果表明,当折减系数取1.44时,计算已不收敛。为定量分析位移突变发生的点,按照式(3)、式(4)求得所有强度折减系数下的最大位移均值及标准差,图3为不同折减系数时边坡最大位移、最大位移均值,以及最大位移与3σ之和的变化曲线。由图3可以看出,随着折减系数的增大,边坡的最大位移也在不断增大,边坡的“位移突变”发生在折减系数为1.35~1.40。结果表明,当折减系数为1.36时最大位移满足式(5),此时最大位移曲线“突破”最大位移均值加3σ曲线,故认为当折减系数为1.36时该边坡发生突变,则取该边等坡的安全系数为1.36。这一结论与Bishop等[43]在1960年图表法中给出的安全系数1.38相近。
与传统方法相比,强度折减法具有适用性广泛、可以自动确定破坏滑动面等优点。相比于以往在强度折减法中确定安全系数时的主观判断,本文中提出的判断方法可以客观评价位移突变的发生,从而客观评价边坡稳定性安全系数。
广东省深圳市某边坡,现有某隧道工程需在高边坡下穿过,同时,附近某水厂需新建横跨高边坡的供水管道。边坡与隧道工程、供水管道工程的剖面位置关系分别如图4所示。隧道工程开挖施工形成临空面,可能会对边坡的稳定性造成影响;同时,供水管道工程在桩基础开挖施工期期会形成临空面,也可能会影响边坡稳定性。因此,为合理评估隧道工程和供水管道工程对该边坡稳定性的影响,需依次按照初始工况、隧洞工程开挖、供水管道工程桩基础施工共3个工况采用强度折减法进行边坡稳定性计算分析。
建立三维数值计算模型,模型在X方向上的范围为40 m,Y方向上的范围为200 m,Z方向向上延伸至地表、向下延伸至-40.0 m高程处。整个计算模型共剖分了1 457 194个四面体单元和246 680个节点,如图5所示。该高边坡主要地层从上到下依次为:含碎石粉质黏土、人工填土、粉质黏土、强风化变质砂岩、中风化变质砂岩、微风化变质砂岩。岩土层力学参数如表1所示,其余结构采用材料参数如表2所示。模型四周采用法向约束,底部采用全约束,除管道工程运行期内考虑起运行荷载以外,其余工况均仅考虑自重荷载。
采用强度折减法依次对以上3个工况进行计算,可得到高边坡最大位移-强度折减系数曲线,分别计算各点最大位移的标准差及平均位移与3倍标准差之和,统计结果如图6~图8所示,由此可得不同工况下的高边坡稳定性安全系数,计算结果如表3所示。
初始工况安全系数为1.60,受隧洞开挖影响,边坡安全系数下降至1.37。管道桩基开挖对边坡稳定性基本无影响,安全系数维持在1.37。由此可见,隧洞开挖施工期是影响边坡稳定性的主要工况,最不利工况为隧洞开挖工况。
综上,本文中提出的基于位移-强度折减系数曲线及最大位移标准差的边坡安全系数评价方法能够定量的判断“位移突变”发生点,从而客观评价边坡稳定性安全系数。
在工程实践中,经常需要评价新建工程施工及运行对现有边坡稳定性安全系数的影响。采用本文提出的方法,能准确计算不同工况下边坡的安全系数,从而确定新建工程施工及运行过程中现有边坡安全性的演化,因此具有较好的工程实用性。
基于数值分析的强度折减法能够很好的计算出边坡稳定性安全系数,其中“位移突变”是判断边坡是否失稳的重要依据。为客观判断强度折减过程中的“位移突变”,提出了一种基于最大位移标准差的位移突变判断方法,该方法通过计算边坡最大位移随强度折减系数的变化,并统计最大位移的均值和方差,可以客观评价位移突变的发生,从而客观评价边坡稳定性安全系数。本方法操作简单,结果唯一,不易受主观因素影响,通过算例验证了其可靠性,最终得到以下结论。
(1)提出的方法应用于某边坡工程,可以得出以下结论:初始工况安全系数为1.60,隧道开挖后安全系数下降至1.37,管道桩基开挖对边坡稳定性基本无影响。
(2)提出的方法能基于强度折减法客观获取边坡稳定性安全系数,具有一定的实用性,尤其是在需要定量计算边坡安全系数变化过程时具有重要的应用价值。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52379101)
  • 广东省普通高校重点科研项目(2022KTSCX013)
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2025年第25卷第15期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406267
  • 接收时间:2024-08-21
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-05-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-21
  • 修回日期:2024-11-30
基金
国家自然科学基金(52379101)
广东省普通高校重点科研项目(2022KTSCX013)
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    华南农业大学水利与土木工程学院, 广州 510642

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* 张巍(1983—),男,汉族,湖北天门人,博士,教授。研究方向:岩土工程灾害机理与数值模拟。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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