Article(id=1149768942824112241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768937925165147, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404604, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718812800000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-20, revisedDate=1731772800000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752055877643, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1748361600000, pubDateStr=2025-05-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752055877643, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752055877643, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752055877643, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149768937925165147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='15', pageStart='6155', pageEnd='6586', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752055876475, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456822194, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559490207699090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768937925165147, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559490211893395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768937925165147, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=6183, endPage=6188, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149768944002711684, articleId=1149768942824112241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Effect of Fractional Interporosity Flow on the Dispersion and Attenuation of Elastic Wave, columnId=1156264149949735860, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Mechanics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The interporosity flow between matrix pores and fractures is the main cause of strong attenuation and dispersion of elastic wave in the seismic frequency band. A fractional equation for interporosity flow is developed. The constitutive relationship of double-porosity medium was improved in the frequency domain, in which three factors representing the effects of fractional interporosity flow were introduced. A wave equation considering fractional interporosity flow for a double-porosity medium was developed by substituting the improved constitutive relationship into the Lagrangian equation. The wave velocity and inverse quality factor was obtained and analyzed by plotting. Comparing to the traditional interporosity flow, the fractional interporosity flow provides a more flexible and accurate description for the dispersion and attenuation of elastic waves in the seismic frequency band.

, correspAuthors=Yong-gang KANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiu-e ZHANG, Yong-gang KANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149768958447894903, articleId=1149768942824112241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=分数阶窜流对弹性波频散和衰减的影响, columnId=1156264150092342198, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·力学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

流体在基质孔隙和裂缝间的窜流,是弹性波在地震频段强衰减和频散的主要原因。给出一种分数阶导数描述的窜流方程。在频域对双孔隙介质的本构关系进行改进,引入了表示窜流效应的因子。将改进的本构关系代入拉格朗日方程,给出了考虑分数阶窜流的双孔隙介质波动方程。给出了波速和逆品质因子的解析表达式,并通过作图进行了分析。相对于传统窜流,分数阶窜流对弹性波在地震频段频散和衰减的描述,更加灵活、准确。

, correspAuthors=康永刚, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 康永刚(1981—),男,汉族,河北怀来人,博士,副教授。研究方向:弹性波理论。E-mail:
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张秀娥(1981—),女,汉族,河北景县人,硕士,副教授。研究方向:弹性波理论。E-mail:

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张秀娥(1981—),女,汉族,河北景县人,硕士,副教授。研究方向:弹性波理论。E-mail:

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分数阶窜流对弹性波频散和衰减的影响
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张秀娥 , 康永刚 *
科学技术与工程 | 论文·力学 2025,25(15): 6183-6188
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·力学 2025, 25(15): 6183-6188
分数阶窜流对弹性波频散和衰减的影响
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张秀娥 , 康永刚*
作者信息
  • 防灾科技学院基础课教学部, 三河 065201
  • 张秀娥(1981—),女,汉族,河北景县人,硕士,副教授。研究方向:弹性波理论。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 康永刚(1981—),男,汉族,河北怀来人,博士,副教授。研究方向:弹性波理论。E-mail:
Effect of Fractional Interporosity Flow on the Dispersion and Attenuation of Elastic Wave
Xiu-e ZHANG , Yong-gang KANG*
Affiliations
  • Department of Basic Courses Teaching, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Sanhe 065201, China
出版时间: 2025-05-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404604
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流体在基质孔隙和裂缝间的窜流,是弹性波在地震频段强衰减和频散的主要原因。给出一种分数阶导数描述的窜流方程。在频域对双孔隙介质的本构关系进行改进,引入了表示窜流效应的因子。将改进的本构关系代入拉格朗日方程,给出了考虑分数阶窜流的双孔隙介质波动方程。给出了波速和逆品质因子的解析表达式,并通过作图进行了分析。相对于传统窜流,分数阶窜流对弹性波在地震频段频散和衰减的描述,更加灵活、准确。

双孔隙介质  /  弹性波  /  窜流  /  频散和衰减

The interporosity flow between matrix pores and fractures is the main cause of strong attenuation and dispersion of elastic wave in the seismic frequency band. A fractional equation for interporosity flow is developed. The constitutive relationship of double-porosity medium was improved in the frequency domain, in which three factors representing the effects of fractional interporosity flow were introduced. A wave equation considering fractional interporosity flow for a double-porosity medium was developed by substituting the improved constitutive relationship into the Lagrangian equation. The wave velocity and inverse quality factor was obtained and analyzed by plotting. Comparing to the traditional interporosity flow, the fractional interporosity flow provides a more flexible and accurate description for the dispersion and attenuation of elastic waves in the seismic frequency band.

double-porosity medium  /  elastic wave  /  interporosity flow  /  dispersion and attenuation
张秀娥, 康永刚. 分数阶窜流对弹性波频散和衰减的影响. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (15) : 6183 -6188 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404604
Xiu-e ZHANG, Yong-gang KANG. Effect of Fractional Interporosity Flow on the Dispersion and Attenuation of Elastic Wave[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (15) : 6183 -6188 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404604
含流体孔隙介质的弹性波模型,可以为油、气、水等自然资源的地球物理勘探提供理论基础。实际的岩石、油气储层、海底沉积物等,常含有渗透特性差异较大的孔隙,如体积占比较大的基质孔隙,渗透率较低;体积占比较小的裂缝,但渗透率较高。双孔隙模型是研究弹性波在此类介质中传播的重要模型。Wilson等[1]最早研究了孔隙、裂隙介质中的弹性波,预测存在3种纵波和一种横波。Beskos等[2-4]建立了孔隙、裂隙介质的波动方程,基于其研究了体波和瑞利波。Tuncay等[5-6]基于体积平均法给出了弹性波在双孔隙介质的波动方程。Berryman等[7]仿照Biot理论,基于拉格朗日方程给出波动方程,是目前讨论和应用最多的双孔隙介质弹性波理论。以上理论预测的弹性波损耗峰,位于中高频段,无法描述实验测得的地震波频段的强衰减。
弹性波传播时,由于裂隙和基质孔隙的压强不同,导致流体在裂缝和基质孔隙间流动,称为窜流。窜流被认为是弹性波在地震频段强衰减的主要原因[8]。Pride等[9-10]、Zheng等[11]和石建成等[12]通过考虑窜流的影响,成功预测了地震波频段的强衰减。Pride等[9-10]采用体积平均法给出了考虑窜流的波动方程,并通过退化为单孔隙介质的Biot理论来求解。Zheng等[11]和石建成等[12]利用窜流方程,对双孔隙介质的应力应变关系进行了改进,把改进后的本构关系代入到动态平衡方程,给出考虑窜流效应的双孔隙介质波动方程,求解方法与不考虑窜流时的波动方程求解方法相同。以上研究采用的窜流方程来源于经典的达西渗流定律。此外,巴晶等[13-14]考虑窜流的影响,提出了双重孔隙介质弹性波的Biot-Rayleigh模型,同样预测出弹性波在低频段的强衰减。Sharma[15]把Biot-Rayleigh模型扩展到横观各向同性双孔隙介质。
Pride等[9-10]、Zheng等[11]和石建成等[12]的理论可以解释地震频段的强衰减和色散,但对损耗峰的一些特征(如幅值变化)的描述,并不理想。而Biot-Rayleigh模型由Rayleigh模型计算动能,由于一些近似处理,计算的动能往往产生较大偏差,由此会导致显著的波速误差[8]。可以同时在多个频段描述弹性波频散和衰减特征的模型,称为多尺度模型。近几年,国内外研究者逐渐开展了多尺度模型的研究[16-17]。在双孔隙介质弹性波理论中合理的考虑窜流效应,不仅可以准确描述地震频段的强衰减,还可以基于它们构建出比较合理的多尺度模型。
由于孔隙介质结构、性质的多样性,流体的输运常不满足达西定律。同样,裂缝和基质孔隙间的窜流,往往并不满足基于达西定律给出的窜流方程。非达西渗流已成为孔隙介质中流体输运的重要研究课题。分数阶导数由积分定义,可以反映物理现象对物理过程的依赖性,基于其构建模型,可以对许多复杂现象给出成功描述[18-19]。已有许多研究者应用分数阶导数描述非达西渗流,给出不同的分数渗流模型[20-22]。现基于分数渗透模型,提出一种分数阶导数描述的窜流方程,经典的窜流方程为其特例。考虑分数阶窜流方程,给出双孔隙介质的波动方程并求解。通过数值算例对频散和衰减特征进行分析。
ν1ν2分别表示基质和裂缝的体积占比,即ν1+ν2=1;φ1φ2分别为基质和裂缝的孔隙度,即双孔隙介质的孔隙度φ=φ1ν1+φ2ν2;pc表示围压;p1p2分别为基质孔隙流体和裂缝流体的压强;uU1U2分别为固体骨架、基质孔隙流体和裂缝流体的位移;e= $\nabla$·u为固体骨架的体应变,wi=νiφi(Ui-u)为基质流体(i=1)或裂缝流体(i=2)相对于骨架的平均位移;ζi=-$\nabla$·wi为基质或裂缝流体含量的增量。柔性形式的饱和双孔隙介质本构关系[7]可表示为
  e   - ζ 1 - ζ 2= a 11 a 12 a 13 a 12 a 22 a 23 a 13 a 23 a 33 - p c - p 1 - p 2
式(1)中:系数aij为材料参数[7]。由式(1)可得
τij= 1 a 11 - 2 3 μij+2μεij+ a 12 a 11p1δij+ a 13 a 11p2δij
p1=-C1e+M1ζ1+1
p2=-C2e+2+M2ζ2
式中:τij为孔隙介质的应力,正应力与围压满足pc=τii/3;μ为剪切模量;δij为克罗内克函数。弹性模量C1C2M1M2N可以用系数aij表示[11]
基质孔隙和裂缝间的窜流满足质量守恒方程
$\left\{\begin{array}{l} \dot{\zeta}_{1}=-\nabla \cdot \dot{w}_{1}-\dot{\zeta}_{\mathrm{int}} \\ \dot{\zeta}_{2}=-\nabla \cdot \dot{w}_{2}+\dot{\zeta}_{\mathrm{int}} \end{array}\right. $
式(5)中:符号上面的点表示对时间的一阶导数;ζint表示从基质孔隙转移到裂缝的平均流体体积。达西定律是描述渗流的基本定律,即渗流速度v与压强梯度$\nabla$p成正比。基于达西定律,可以表示为压强差的函数,即=κ(p1-p2)[9-10],其中κ称为窜流系数。
由于孔隙介质结构的复杂性,许多渗流过程并不满足达西定律,促进了非达西渗流理论的发展。已有研究者应用分数阶导数建立模型,描述不满足达西定律的渗流现象[20-22]。一种讨论较多的分数阶达西渗流为v=-kγη-1($\nabla$p)[20],其中kγ为一个参数,η为液体黏度,t为时间,表示定义在整个实轴上的Riemann-Liouville分数阶导数[18],γ是分数阶导数的阶数。当γ=0,其退化为经典的达西定律。基于分数达西渗流,提出分数阶窜流方程为
ζ · i n tγ D t γ(p1-p2)
式(6)中:当γ=0,分数阶窜流方程(6)退化为传统窜流方程。积分下限为-∞的Riemann-Liouville分数导数的傅里叶变换满足关系式[18]
F{ D t γf(t)}=(-iω)γF{f(t)}
式(7)中:F{f(t)}表示f(t)的傅里叶变换;ω为角频率。对式(6)应用傅里叶变换,得
(-iω)1-γζint=κγ(p1-p2)
把式(5)和式(8)代入到式(3)、式(4),得
$ \begin{aligned} p_{1}= & \chi_{1}\left(\chi_{2}-C_{1}\right) e+\chi_{1}\left(\chi_{3}-M_{1}\right) \nabla \cdot \boldsymbol{w}_{1}+ \\ & \chi_{1}\left(\chi_{3}-N\right) \nabla \cdot \boldsymbol{w}_{2} \end{aligned} $
$ \begin{aligned} p_{2}= & \chi_{1}\left(\chi_{2}-C_{2}\right) e+\chi_{1}\left(\chi_{3}-N\right) \nabla \cdot \boldsymbol{w}_{1}+ \\ & \chi_{1}\left(\chi_{3}-M_{2}\right) \nabla \cdot \boldsymbol{w}_{2} \end{aligned} $
式中:χ1χ2χ3为表示窜流效应的因子,其计算公式为
χ 1 = [ 1 + ( M 1 + M 2 - 2 N ) κ γ / ( - i ω ) 1 - γ ] - 1 χ 2 = [ C 1 ( N - M 2 ) + C 2 ( N - M 1 ) ] κ γ / ( - i ω ) 1 - γ χ 3 = ( N 2 - M 1 M 2 ) κ γ / ( - i ω ) 1 - γ
χ1=1、χ2=0和χ3=0时,式(9)、式(10)退化为不考虑窜流的情况。
仿照Biot处理单孔隙介质的方法,Berryman等[7]给出了弹性波在双孔隙介质传播的拉格朗日方程。将施加在单位体积孔隙介质的力和固体位移u、流体位移U1U2视为广义坐标,拉格朗日方程为
t T u · i+ D u · iij,j, i,j=1,2,3
t T U · k i+ D U · k i=- p - k i, i=1,2,3; k=1,2
式中: p - k=νkφkpk,表示孔隙介质界面上的平均流体压强。
对于流体饱和的双孔隙介质,动能函数T[10]可表示为
2T=ρ11 u · u ·22 U · 1 U · 133 U · 2 U · 2+2ρ12 u · U · 1+2ρ13 u · U · 2
式(14)中:ρ11ρ12ρ13ρ22ρ33为质量系数。只考虑流体相对于固体骨架运动引起的能量损耗,则耗散函数D[10]可表示为
2D=b12( u ·- U · 1)( u ·- U · 1)+b13( u ·- U · 2)( u ·- U · 2)
式(15)中:b12b13为流固耦合系数。
把式(2)、式(9)、式(10)和式(14)、式(15)代入式(12)、式(13),得到弹性波的波动方程为
$\begin{aligned} \left(\begin{array}{c} \nabla \cdot \boldsymbol{\tau} \\ -\nabla \bar{p}_{1} \\ -\nabla \bar{p}_{2} \end{array}\right)= & \left(\begin{array}{ccc} \rho_{11} & \rho_{12} & \rho_{13} \\ \rho_{12} & \rho_{22} & 0 \\ \rho_{13} & 0 & \rho_{33} \end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{c} \ddot{\boldsymbol{u}} \\ \ddot{\boldsymbol{U}}_{1} \\ \ddot{\boldsymbol{U}}_{2} \end{array}\right)+ \\ & \left(\begin{array}{ccc} b_{12}+b_{13} & -b_{12} & -b_{13} \\ -b_{12} & b_{12} & 0 \\ -b_{13} & 0 & b_{13} \end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{l} \dot{\boldsymbol{u}} \\ \dot{\boldsymbol{U}}_{1} \\ \dot{\boldsymbol{U}}_{2} \end{array}\right) \end{aligned}$
$\begin{aligned} \nabla \cdot \boldsymbol{\tau}= & \mu \nabla^{2} \boldsymbol{u}+\left[a_{11}^{-1}+\mu / 3-a_{12} \chi_{1}\left(C_{1}-\chi_{2}\right) / a_{11}-\right. \\ & \left.a_{13} \chi_{1}\left(C_{2}-\chi_{2}\right) / a_{11}\right] \nabla \nabla \cdot \boldsymbol{u}- \\ & {\left[a_{12} \chi_{1}\left(M_{1}-\chi_{3}\right) / a_{11}+a_{13} \chi_{1}\left(N-\chi_{3}\right) / a_{11}\right] \times } \\ & \nabla \nabla \cdot \boldsymbol{w}_{1}-\left[a_{12} \chi_{1}\left(N-\chi_{3}\right) / a_{11}+\right. \\ & \left.a_{13} \chi_{1}\left(M_{2}-\chi_{3}\right) / a_{11}\right] \nabla \nabla \cdot \boldsymbol{w}_{2} \end{aligned}$
$\begin{aligned} -\nabla \bar{p}_{1}= & \nu_{1} \varphi_{1}\left[\chi_{1}\left(C_{1}-\chi_{2}\right) \nabla \nabla \cdot \boldsymbol{u}+\chi_{1}\left(M_{1}-\chi_{3}\right) \times\right. \\ & \left.\nabla \nabla \cdot \boldsymbol{w}_{1}+\chi_{1}\left(N-\chi_{3}\right) \nabla \nabla \cdot \boldsymbol{w}_{2}\right] \end{aligned}$
$\begin{aligned} -\nabla \bar{p}_{2}= & \nu_{2} \varphi_{2}\left[\chi_{1}\left(C_{2}-\chi_{2}\right) \nabla \nabla \cdot \boldsymbol{u}+\chi_{1}\left(N-\chi_{3}\right) \times\right. \\ & \left.\nabla \nabla \cdot \boldsymbol{w}_{1}+\chi_{1}\left(M_{2}-\chi_{3}\right) \nabla \nabla \cdot \boldsymbol{w}_{2}\right] \end{aligned}$
为了求解式(16),对位移矢量uU1U2进行亥姆霍兹分解,得
$\left\{\begin{array}{l} \boldsymbol{u}=\nabla \varphi_{\mathrm{s}}+\nabla \times \boldsymbol{\psi}_{\mathrm{s}} \\ \boldsymbol{U}_{i}=\nabla \varphi_{i}+\nabla \times \boldsymbol{\psi}_{i} \end{array}\right. $
式(20)中:φsψs分别为固体骨架的标量势和矢量势;φiψi分别为流体i(i=1,2)的标量势和矢量势。把式(20)代入式(16)并求散度,可得
$\left[\boldsymbol{L}_{\mathrm{p}} \nabla^{2}+\omega^{2} \boldsymbol{M}\right] \boldsymbol{\varphi}=0$
把式(20)代入式(16)并求旋度,可得
$\left[\boldsymbol{L} \nabla^{2}+\omega^{2} \boldsymbol{M}\right] \boldsymbol{\psi}=0 $
L p = l 11 l 12 l 13 l 21 l 22 l 23 l 31 l 32 l 33 M = m 11 m 12 m 13 m 12 m 22 0 m 13 0 m 33 L s = μ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
φ T = ( φ s   φ 1   φ 2 ) ψ T = ( ψ s   ψ 1   ψ 2 )
m 11 = ρ 11 + i ( b 12 + b 13 ) / ω m 12 = ρ 12 - i b 12 / ω m 13 = ρ 13 - i b 13 / ω m 22 = ρ 22 + i b 12 / ω m 33 = ρ 33 + i b 13 / ω
l 11 = a 11 - 1 + 4 μ / 3 - a 12 χ 1 ( C 1 - χ 2 ) / a 11 -     a 13 χ 1 ( C 2 - χ 2 ) / a 11 + ν 1 φ 1 [ a 12 χ 1 ×     ( M 1 - χ 3 ) / a 11 + a 13 χ 1 ( N - χ 3 ) / a 11 ] +     ν 2 φ 2 [ a 12 χ 1 ( N - χ 3 ) / a 11 +     a 13 χ 1 ( M 2 - χ 3 ) / a 11 ] l 12 = - ν 1 φ 1 [ a 12 χ 1 ( M 1 - χ 3 ) / a 11 +     a 13 χ 1 ( N - χ 3 ) / a 11 ] l 13 = - ν 2 φ 2 [ a 12 χ 1 ( N - χ 3 ) / a 11 +     a 13 χ 1 ( M 2 - χ 3 ) / a 11 ] l 21 = ν 1 φ 1 [ χ 1 ( C 1 - χ 2 ) - ν 1 φ 1 χ 1 ( M 1 - χ 3 ) -     ν 2 φ 2 χ 1 ( N - χ 3 ) ] l 22 = ( ν 1 φ 1 ) 2 χ 1 ( M 1 - χ 3 ) l 23 = t 32 = ν 1 ν 2 φ 1 φ 2 χ 1 ( N - χ 3 ) l 31 = ν 2 φ 2 [ χ 1 ( C 2 - χ 2 ) - ν 1 φ 1 χ 1 ( N - χ 3 ) -     ν 2 φ 2 χ 1 ( M 2 - χ 3 ) ] l 33 = ( ν 2 φ 2 ) 2 χ 1 ( M 2 - χ 3 )
为求解膨胀波,式(21)中的标量势可表示为
φj=Bj e - A p r e i ( P p r - ω t ), j=s,1,2
式(27)中:Bj为幅值;Pp为传播矢量;Ap为衰减矢量;r为位置矢量。把标量势式(27)代入式(21),得
Δ( l p 2Lp2M)=0
式(28)中:膨胀波的复波数lp l p。式(28)可简化为
a l p 6+b l p 4+c l p 2+d=0
式(29)中:abcd为复系数,可展开式(28)获得,在此不详细列出。式(29)的解±lp(p=P1,P2,P3)分别为P1、P2 和P3波的复波数。
为求解剪切波,把式(21)中的矢量势表示为
ψj=Cj e - A s r e i ( P s r - ω t ), j=s,1,2
式(30)中:Cj表示幅值。把矢量势式(30)代入式(22),得
Δ( l s 2Ls2M)=0
式(31)中:剪切波复波数ls l s。式(31)可简化为
l s 22μ-1(m11- m 12 2/m22- m 13 2/m33)
从剪切波的频散方程[式(32)]可看出,窜流对其波速和损耗特征没有影响(没有包含表示窜流效应的因子),这与Zheng等[11]的报道相一致。通过数值计算分析分数阶窜流对纵波频散和衰减的影响。把裂缝看为纯裂缝相,材料参数aij的表达式见文献[11]。波速vp=ω/Re(lp),逆品质因子1/Qp=2Im(lp)/Re(lp)(p=P1,P2,P3)。逆品质因子可用于研究波的衰减特征。分数阶窜流式(6)中的参数κγ,取传统窜流方程中窜流系数表达式κ=κ0 1 - i ω / ω c,κ0为静态窜流系数,ωc为松弛频率[11]。数值计算的相关参数值取自文献[11]。
图1为第一纵波(P1波)的波速和衰减特征曲线。存在窜流时,损耗曲线存在两个峰值,第一个损耗峰在10-2~10 Hz,由裂缝与基质孔隙间的窜流引起。在此范围,波速快速增加。第二个损耗峰位于103~104 Hz,由裂缝流体相对固体骨架的运动产生。在此范围,波速小幅增加。当不考虑窜流时,只有高频段的损耗峰,波速在小于103 Hz范围,随频率变化不明显,接近于恒定值。分数阶指数γ变化时,低频段的损耗峰幅值变化。相对于传统窜流方程(即γ=0),分数模型的描述更加灵活。
图2为第二纵波(P2波)的波速和衰减特征曲线。当存在窜流时,损耗曲线在10-2~10 Hz存在一个峰值。当没有窜流时,该损耗峰则不存在。分数阶指数变化,损耗峰的幅值变化。通过改变分数阶指数,可以描述两种情况(不考虑窜流和考虑经典窜流)的中间状态。在10-2~10 Hz范围,考虑窜流时的波速,约是不考虑窜流时波速的两倍。
图3为第三纵波(P3波)的波速和衰减特征曲线。当考虑窜流时,频率在10-3~100 Hz范围存在损耗峰。分数阶指数γ变化时,该损耗峰幅值变化。不考虑窜流时,损耗曲线接近于恒定值。
图4为静态窜流系数κ0不同时,P1波的波速和衰减特征曲线。静态窜流系数不同,低频段损耗峰的幅值几乎不受影响,但中心位置不同。随着静态窜流系数的增大,损耗峰中心向高频段移动。相应的,P1波的波速出现明显增加的频率范围,也向高频段移动。该现象可解释为:κ0的增大,意味着高窜流速率,缩短了裂缝和基质孔隙的压强趋于平衡所需的时间。
流体在裂缝和基质孔隙间的窜流,被认为是弹性波在低频段强衰减和频散的主要产生机制。基于分数阶渗透方程,提出一种分数阶导数描述的窜流方程,经典的窜流方程为其特例。考虑分数阶窜流方程,推导出弹性波在双孔隙介质的波动方程并求解。通过对频散和逆品质因子曲线的分析,得出如下结论。
(1) 对窜流产生影响的重要参数,如静态窜流系数、分数阶指数等,都对第一纵波在低频段的频散和衰减有重要影响。
(2) 静态窜流系数的变化,低频损耗峰的幅值几乎不变,只是在不同频段移动。即传统的窜流方程无法描述低频损耗峰的幅值变化。
(3) 相对于传统窜流方程,分数阶窜流方程对纵波低频段的损耗和频散描述,更加灵活。改变分数阶导数的阶数,能够描述该损耗峰的幅值变化。
通过本文的研究,可以更深入认识窜流对弹性波传播特性的影响,更准确描述弹性波在低频段的强衰减和频散,为相关的研究和应用提供理论基础。
  • 廊坊市科技支撑计划(2024013011)
  • 廊坊市科技支撑计划(2021013161)
  • 国家自然科学基金(42371113)
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2025年第25卷第15期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404604
  • 接收时间:2024-06-20
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-05-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-20
  • 修回日期:2024-11-17
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廊坊市科技支撑计划(2024013011)
廊坊市科技支撑计划(2021013161)
国家自然科学基金(42371113)
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    防灾科技学院基础课教学部, 三河 065201

通讯作者:

* 康永刚(1981—),男,汉族,河北怀来人,博士,副教授。研究方向:弹性波理论。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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