Article(id=1149768942459203642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768937925165147, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404656, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718899200000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-21, revisedDate=1732896000000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752055877556, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1748361600000, pubDateStr=2025-05-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752055877556, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752055877556, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752055877556, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149768937925165147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='15', pageStart='6155', pageEnd='6586', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752055876475, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456822194, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559490207699090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768937925165147, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559490211893395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768937925165147, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=6493, endPage=6500, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149768943864295492, articleId=1149768942459203642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Multi-objective Optimization of Non-stop Construction Organization of Airport Pavement Based on Evolutionary Algorithm, columnId=1156262728772735295, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Traffics and Transportations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to minimize the influence of construction for airport operation, the construction method of closing part of time or some pavement without stopping is usually used by the airport pavement maintenance office. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the key objectives of construction management, such as quality, duration and safety, and carry out a research on construction organization and management in the maintenance and repair of airport pavement. A multi-objective optimization model was proposed for the non-stop construction organization of airport pavements, focusing on the construction period within airport pavement maintenance management. The construction process was emphasized and functional relationships among cost, quality, and construction time were established to quantify each objective scientifically. Moreover, an optimization model was developed, incorporating the construction window period as a constraint and leveraging the closure of nighttime hours to facilitate uninterrupted construction without disrupting navigation. The approach ensures efficient non-stop construction of airport pavements. In the model, a triple objective optimization strategy was employed, aiming to minimize duration and cost while maximizing quality level. To solve the model, the performance of multiple objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO), nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-Ⅱ(NSGA-II), and NSGA-III algorithms was compared under the 3D objectives. The results demonstrate that all three algorithms show commendable performance in solving the concave optimization problem DTLZ2, with NSGA-III notably outperforming the others in tackling the three-dimensional optimization problem. The capacity of the model to further optimize construction management objectives, while fully adhering to construction constraints, was verified, which provided a decision-making framework for construction organization and management in airport pavement maintenance, catering to diverse requirements.

, correspAuthors=Qiao DONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiang WANG, Qiao DONG, Shi-ao YAN, Bin SHI, Kang YAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149768958582108437, articleId=1149768942459203642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于进化类算法的机场道面不停航养护和修复活动多目标优化, columnId=1156262730664366426, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·交通运输, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了尽可能减小施工对机场运营的影响,机场道面养护施工常采用关闭部分时段或部分道面的不停航施工方式。因此机场道面养护和修复有必要综合考虑质量、工期、安全等施工管理关键目标,开展科学有效的施工组织管理研究。提出一种基于多目标优化的机场道面不停航养护和修复活动优化模型。以机场道面养护施工管理中的工期目标为切入点,以施工工序为研究对象,分别建立成本、质量与施工时间之间的函数关系,实现了各目标的科学量化,并进一步采用施工窗口期约束构建了优化模型。模型结合了关闭夜间时段,保证了机场可在不停航状态下高效施工,并实现了工期、成本最小化,质量水平最大化的三目标优化。对比了多目标粒子群算法(multiple objective particle swarm optimization,MOPSO)、第Ⅱ代非支配排序遗传算法(nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-Ⅱ,NSGA-Ⅱ)和第Ⅲ代非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅲ)在三维目标下的求解性能,结果发现,三种算法在解决凹面优化问题DTLZ2时均表现出了良好的性能,NSGA-Ⅲ解决三维优化问题时性能显著优于另外两者。经实例验证,本模型在满足施工约束的基础上实现了施工管理各目标的进一步优化,为不同需求的机场道面养护和修复活动管理提供决策依据。

, correspAuthors=董侨, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 董侨(1982—),男,汉族,江苏宿迁人,博士,教授。研究方向:道路与机场工程。E-mail:
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王翔(1996—),男,汉族,河北石家庄人,博士研究生。研究方向:公路与城市道路工程。E-mail:

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王翔(1996—),男,汉族,河北石家庄人,博士研究生。研究方向:公路与城市道路工程。E-mail:

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王翔(1996—),男,汉族,河北石家庄人,博士研究生。研究方向:公路与城市道路工程。E-mail:

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Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), 1998, 28(3): 51-55., articleTitle=Excellent-inferior coefficient methods for analyzing maintenance methods in pavement management system(PMS), refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1172930801063837979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768942459203642, awardId=52478448, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52478448), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1172930801126752540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768942459203642, awardId=52208439, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52208439), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1172930801198055709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768942459203642, awardId=XZ202402ZD0008, language=CN, fundingSource=西藏自治区2024年重大科技专项(XZ202402ZD0008), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1172930801290330399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768942459203642, awardId=XZ202401ZY0082, language=CN, fundingSource=西藏自治区2024年重大科技专项(XZ202401ZY0082), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1172930797200883938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768942459203642, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172930797209272547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768942459203642, companyId=1172930797200883938, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Transportation College, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172930797217661156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768942459203642, companyId=1172930797200883938, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=东南大学交通学院, 南京 211189)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1172930799834906891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768942459203642, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Algorithm performance metrics (DTLZ1), figureFileSmall=1+Mjs1Z74kf0bBdvmuLiPA==, figureFileBig=H5EFSxjfktyE9KHDUYRMMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172930799906210060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768942459203642, language=CN, label=图1, caption=算法性能指标(DTLZ1), figureFileSmall=1+Mjs1Z74kf0bBdvmuLiPA==, figureFileBig=H5EFSxjfktyE9KHDUYRMMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172930799973318925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768942459203642, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Algorithm performance metrics (DTLZ2), figureFileSmall=H09KGLDhSYoTXqH0N+jUgA==, figureFileBig=Y1RGpRlW0q4x26qoM4GZ2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172930800027844878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768942459203642, language=CN, label=图2, caption=算法性能指标(DTLZ2), figureFileSmall=H09KGLDhSYoTXqH0N+jUgA==, figureFileBig=Y1RGpRlW0q4x26qoM4GZ2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172930800115925263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768942459203642, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Project construction network plan, figureFileSmall=irEWr6TN/c7vLyH8ROh+HQ==, figureFileBig=muI5Oye/nTaOy0AuG8k+gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172930800178839824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768942459203642, language=CN, label=图3, caption=项目施工网络计划, figureFileSmall=irEWr6TN/c7vLyH8ROh+HQ==, figureFileBig=muI5Oye/nTaOy0AuG8k+gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172930800254337297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768942459203642, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Distribution of construction organization optimization results, figureFileSmall=42Q2ftC66waptzqfBDvxMQ==, figureFileBig=+1+3N1x6Xebk3GE6RFJ8tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172930800313057554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768942459203642, language=CN, label=图4, caption=施工组织优化结果分布情况, figureFileSmall=42Q2ftC66waptzqfBDvxMQ==, figureFileBig=+1+3N1x6Xebk3GE6RFJ8tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172930800367583507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768942459203642, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The list of project processes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工序代号 紧后工序 工序名称
A B, C, D, I 施工进场
B E, G 标志灯具清除
C E, G 道面铣刨清扫
D E, G 接坡段铣刨清扫
E F 喷洒基质沥青
F H 铺设玻纤格栅
G H 摊铺放样
H J, K, L 摊铺碾压
I 飞机胶痕清除
J 沥青混合料的降温固化
K 标志灯具恢复
L 清理及设备退场
), ArticleFig(id=1172930800443080980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768942459203642, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

项目工序活动列表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工序代号 紧后工序 工序名称
A B, C, D, I 施工进场
B E, G 标志灯具清除
C E, G 道面铣刨清扫
D E, G 接坡段铣刨清扫
E F 喷洒基质沥青
F H 铺设玻纤格栅
G H 摊铺放样
H J, K, L 摊铺碾压
I 飞机胶痕清除
J 沥青混合料的降温固化
K 标志灯具恢复
L 清理及设备退场
), ArticleFig(id=1172930800514384149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768942459203642, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The relevant parameters of model solution

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工序
代号
vimax/
(m2·h-1)
vimin/
(m2·h-1)
c z i m a x/
万元
c z i m i n/
万元
qimin ωi
A 0.5 h* 0.5 h* 0 0
B 6 000 3 000 3.57 1.42 0.84 0.051 3
C 4 800 2 400 11.64 4.22 0.85 0.105 1
D 1.2 h* 3.6 h* 7.15 1.79 0.87 0.092 3
E 20 000 10 000 6.13 2.78 0.90 0.125 1
F 6 000 3 000 6.10 2.90 0.85 0.127 5
G 9 000 3 000 15.41 3.85 0.89 0.162 4
H 4 500 750 16.74 2.23 0.84 0.147 3
I 2 200 1 100 4.00 1.74 0.85 0.032 4
J 2 h* 2 h* 0 0 0.98 0.067 2
K 6 000 3 000 3.67 1.60 0.89 0.089 4
L 0.5 h* 0.5 h* 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1172930800602464534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768942459203642, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

模型求解相关参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工序
代号
vimax/
(m2·h-1)
vimin/
(m2·h-1)
c z i m a x/
万元
c z i m i n/
万元
qimin ωi
A 0.5 h* 0.5 h* 0 0
B 6 000 3 000 3.57 1.42 0.84 0.051 3
C 4 800 2 400 11.64 4.22 0.85 0.105 1
D 1.2 h* 3.6 h* 7.15 1.79 0.87 0.092 3
E 20 000 10 000 6.13 2.78 0.90 0.125 1
F 6 000 3 000 6.10 2.90 0.85 0.127 5
G 9 000 3 000 15.41 3.85 0.89 0.162 4
H 4 500 750 16.74 2.23 0.84 0.147 3
I 2 200 1 100 4.00 1.74 0.85 0.032 4
J 2 h* 2 h* 0 0 0.98 0.067 2
K 6 000 3 000 3.67 1.60 0.89 0.089 4
L 0.5 h* 0.5 h* 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1172930800707322135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768942459203642, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The value of algorithm parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数类别 设定值
种群规模 50
最大遗传代数 200
交叉概率 0.9
变异概率 0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1172930800778625304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768942459203642, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

算法参数设定值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数类别 设定值
种群规模 50
最大遗传代数 200
交叉概率 0.9
变异概率 0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1172930800849928473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768942459203642, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

The optimal scheme of each objective

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方案编号 总工期/d 成本/万元 质量水平Q
1 25 1 642.91 0.900
2 37 1 461.31 0.953
3 40 1 464.24 0.961
), ArticleFig(id=1172930800921231642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768942459203642, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各目标最优方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案编号 总工期/d 成本/万元 质量水平Q
1 25 1 642.91 0.900
2 37 1 461.31 0.953
3 40 1 464.24 0.961
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基于进化类算法的机场道面不停航养护和修复活动多目标优化
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王翔 , 董侨 * , 颜世傲 , 史斌 , 姚康
科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025,25(15): 6493-6500
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025, 25(15): 6493-6500
基于进化类算法的机场道面不停航养护和修复活动多目标优化
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王翔 , 董侨* , 颜世傲, 史斌, 姚康
作者信息
  • 东南大学交通学院, 南京 211189
  • 王翔(1996—),男,汉族,河北石家庄人,博士研究生。研究方向:公路与城市道路工程。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 董侨(1982—),男,汉族,江苏宿迁人,博士,教授。研究方向:道路与机场工程。E-mail:
Multi-objective Optimization of Non-stop Construction Organization of Airport Pavement Based on Evolutionary Algorithm
Xiang WANG , Qiao DONG* , Shi-ao YAN, Bin SHI, Kang YAO
Affiliations
  • Transportation College, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
出版时间: 2025-05-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404656
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为了尽可能减小施工对机场运营的影响,机场道面养护施工常采用关闭部分时段或部分道面的不停航施工方式。因此机场道面养护和修复有必要综合考虑质量、工期、安全等施工管理关键目标,开展科学有效的施工组织管理研究。提出一种基于多目标优化的机场道面不停航养护和修复活动优化模型。以机场道面养护施工管理中的工期目标为切入点,以施工工序为研究对象,分别建立成本、质量与施工时间之间的函数关系,实现了各目标的科学量化,并进一步采用施工窗口期约束构建了优化模型。模型结合了关闭夜间时段,保证了机场可在不停航状态下高效施工,并实现了工期、成本最小化,质量水平最大化的三目标优化。对比了多目标粒子群算法(multiple objective particle swarm optimization,MOPSO)、第Ⅱ代非支配排序遗传算法(nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-Ⅱ,NSGA-Ⅱ)和第Ⅲ代非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅲ)在三维目标下的求解性能,结果发现,三种算法在解决凹面优化问题DTLZ2时均表现出了良好的性能,NSGA-Ⅲ解决三维优化问题时性能显著优于另外两者。经实例验证,本模型在满足施工约束的基础上实现了施工管理各目标的进一步优化,为不同需求的机场道面养护和修复活动管理提供决策依据。

机场道面  /  不停航施工  /  多目标优化  /  养护措施  /  养护决策  /  NSGA-Ⅲ

In order to minimize the influence of construction for airport operation, the construction method of closing part of time or some pavement without stopping is usually used by the airport pavement maintenance office. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the key objectives of construction management, such as quality, duration and safety, and carry out a research on construction organization and management in the maintenance and repair of airport pavement. A multi-objective optimization model was proposed for the non-stop construction organization of airport pavements, focusing on the construction period within airport pavement maintenance management. The construction process was emphasized and functional relationships among cost, quality, and construction time were established to quantify each objective scientifically. Moreover, an optimization model was developed, incorporating the construction window period as a constraint and leveraging the closure of nighttime hours to facilitate uninterrupted construction without disrupting navigation. The approach ensures efficient non-stop construction of airport pavements. In the model, a triple objective optimization strategy was employed, aiming to minimize duration and cost while maximizing quality level. To solve the model, the performance of multiple objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO), nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-Ⅱ(NSGA-II), and NSGA-III algorithms was compared under the 3D objectives. The results demonstrate that all three algorithms show commendable performance in solving the concave optimization problem DTLZ2, with NSGA-III notably outperforming the others in tackling the three-dimensional optimization problem. The capacity of the model to further optimize construction management objectives, while fully adhering to construction constraints, was verified, which provided a decision-making framework for construction organization and management in airport pavement maintenance, catering to diverse requirements.

airport pavement  /  non-stop construction  /  multi-objective optimization  /  pavement maintenance measure  /  maintenance decisions  /  NSGA-III
王翔, 董侨, 颜世傲, 史斌, 姚康. 基于进化类算法的机场道面不停航养护和修复活动多目标优化. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (15) : 6493 -6500 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404656
Xiang WANG, Qiao DONG, Shi-ao YAN, Bin SHI, Kang YAO. Multi-objective Optimization of Non-stop Construction Organization of Airport Pavement Based on Evolutionary Algorithm[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (15) : 6493 -6500 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404656
机场道面作为机场基础设施的重要组成部分,承担着飞机起降、滑行以及停放等重要任务。场站工作人员一般通过道路养护和修复的施工作业,使机场道面在满足一定承载能力的同时,保持良好的表面状况。路面养护和修复是一个由时间、效率、性能和人力等不同活动组成的过程。这些活动的优化直接影响到道路的可用性,从而影响到机场的运作[1]
一般来说,路面养护和修复活动是通过一系列主要活动进行的,包括路面切割、拆除和移除现有受损路面、基层或基层准备以及路表处理等[2]。每个活动都需要一定数量的人员、设备类型,并与养护和修复活动地点、天气条件和资源可用性相关联。目前,机场道面的养护和修复活动方法主要基于专家经验,难以具有普适性[3]。这是因为养护和修复活动优化需要综合考虑多个因素,包括项目工期、成本、施工质量和安全等。然而,这些因素往往相互冲突,如施工管理过程中的工期和成本之间的平衡。
自关键路径法的提出以来[4],国内外学者一直致力于研究如何在控制成本的前提下缩短项目工期。施工管理考虑的因素众多,施工质量首先被引入了传统的考虑工期和成本的模型中[5]。线性优化方法、动态随机过程和模糊理论等被采用来实现最小化工期和成本,最大化质量的三目标优化[6]。随着研究的深入,安全、绿色、资源等目标也被逐步纳入决策过程[7]。机场道面养护和修复活动的优化过程中,可以将施工对环境的影响作为一个优化目标,以帮助机构在考虑工期、成本和环境三个目标时制定施工进度优化方案。除了工期和成本之外,机场道面施工作业还需要考虑质量、安全、资源以及对环境的影响等因素[8]。因此,在一些工程应用中,已建立了考虑安全因素的四目标优化模型[9-10]。养护和修复活动的优化过程中,道面养护和修复机构引入了碳排放和资源需求的约束,并采用改进的蛙跳算法进行求解,以满足成本、工期、质量和资源等多个目标的需求[11]。目前,养护和修复活动的优化已经综合考虑了工期、成本、质量、安全、环境和资源等基本目标[12-13]
通常情况下,机场道面养护和修复活动机构会配备专业人员进行路面养护和修复,并提供相应指导。在机场道路施工领域,场道机构已经采用了三目标优化模型来优化养护和修复活动。这些模型从生态保护出发,综合考虑了工期、费用和资源三个目标[14]。通过模糊数学决策理论,实现了路面施工网络编制的优化。该方法能够处理不确定性和模糊性问题,为道路机场施工管理提供了决策支持。然而,遗传算法的速度有待提升,因此改进后的退火算法被引入以更快地找到优化解[15]。此外,在解决复杂的多目标优化问题时,例如,机场飞行区地基施工中,蚁群算法也被应用于施工工期和费用的综合优化[16]。然而,这些机构通常不考虑除纯建筑活动以外的因素,如停航封闭时间。为了减小施工对机场通航任务的影响,并确保道面性能良好,机场道面运维管理通常采用停航养护和修复活动的方式。这对道面施工效率和养护和修复活动提出了更高的要求。
多目标优化方法在工程项目施工管理领域的应用研究证明了其在解决养护和修复活动优化问题中的巨大优势[17-18]。无论是针对施工管理目标的多样化考虑,还是模型求解的方法改进,国内外学者都进行了大量的研究,并使相关理论逐渐成熟[19-20]。然而,在机场道面施工领域,尤其是养护施工管理中,受限于其不停航养护和修复活动的严格制约,相关研究仍然相对不足。尽管已存在部分针对机场不停航养护和修复活动的组织研究,但大多数仅限于施工管理措施的阐述和施工进度的简单优化,未能实现对多种目标的综合优化。
对机场道面不停航养护和修复活动方式和工程项目施工管理目标进行了深入分析,并确定了工程约束和优化目标。参考工程项目施工管理相关经验,对机场道面施工管理目标之间的函数关系进行量化分析,并建立了相应的量化模型。最后,采用多目标优化方法,构建适用于机场道面养护和修复活动的多目标优化模型,旨在为实际工程决策提供科学的决策依据。
施工工期是指在整个机场道面施工项目作业的持续时间,时间跨度包括从施工人员设备开始进场到项目完成交付整个过程的时间总和。在跑道不停航养护和修复活动中,每日施工工程量是项目总工期的主要决定因素。养护施工项目总工期表达式为
T= A B L
式(1)中:L为每日施工长度,m;B为每日施工宽度,m;A为养护施工总工程量。
无论是民航还是军航机场,机场跑道每日施工时间均有限,需要在第二日开航前将道面恢复到满足通航需求的状态。因此需针对各工序施工持续时间,进行科学量化来对每日施工时间进行约束。根据工程项目施工网络计划图获取每日夜间施工总时间,进而得到跑道不停航养护和修复活动约束条件为
s.t. m a x L m L i L mti≤tmax
ti= B L v i
式中:Lm为网络计划图中施工路径m的工序集合; ti为每日施工中工序i的施工持续时间,h;vi为工序i的施工速度,m2/h;tmax为每日夜间最大施工时间,h。
施工成本指在机场道面养护施工过程中所投入的各种直接与间接费用的费用总和,包括直接成本和间接成本。直接成本是指在施工过程中直接投入的工程作业的费用,主要以人工、机械和材料三类为主;间接成本是指为实现施工保障而投入的费用,主要以养护和修复活动管理方面的费用为主。对于各工序而言,虽然其直接成本和间接成本均与工序持续时间的变化呈现出较强的相关性,但变化关系截然相反。基于此,在研究中对施工成本进行分解,通过分别建立直接成本和间接成本与工序持续时间的函数关系,实现施工成本的量化,表达式为
C=CZ+CJ
式(4)中:C为项目总成本,万元;CZ为项目直接成本,万元;CJ为项目实际间接成本,万元。
道面养护施工项目中常采用压缩工期来达到施工管理目标,但压缩工期就意味着需要投入更多的人员、设备、材料运输成本等资源,从而导致直接成本的增加。当前关于工序直接成本和持续时间函数关系的研究中常见的是线性、离散型和幂函数三种,相较于另外两者,幂函数模型在计算方便的同时能较好地反映工程实际,因此,选取二次函数对工序直接成本和持续时间的关系进行拟合,得到拟合函数为
CZ= i = 1 n c z iT
c z i= c z i m i ni ( t i - t i m a x ) 2
αi= c z i m a x - c z i m i n ( t z i m a x - t z i m i n ) 2
式中:n为每晚施工工序总数; c z i为工序i的直接成本,万元;timin为工序i的最短持续时间,h;timax为工序i的最长持续时间,h; c z i m a x为工序i最长持续时间下的直接成本估算值,万元; c z i m i n为工序i最短持续时间下的直接成本估算值,万元。
根据实际工程经验,机场道面养护施工项目的间接成本主要以施工管理成本为主,并且随着项目工期的增长,间接成本呈现近似线性增长的趋势。为简化,本文中忽略其他间接成本的影响,以管理成本近似估算施工间接成本,得到间接成本的量化模型表达式为
CJ=βT
式中:β为项目间接成本增长系数,万元/d。
良好的施工质量是养护作业实现其道面性能恢复效用的基本保障,施工质量体现在施工作业中对养护对策各环节设计标准的执行水平。施工质量的影响因素众多且关系复杂,实际工程中常采用PDCA(plan-do-check-act)循环法进行质量管理,该方法通过对预先设定目标的完成情况进行检查制定处理措施,虽然可实现对施工质量的动态管理,但质量评定在计划执行之后,难以满足养护和修复活动优化事前评估的要求。一般来说,各工序的质量水平是决定工程项目的质量水平优劣的主要条件。因此,以施工环节中的基本单元“施工工序”为单位进行质量评估,在以专家经验实现工序质量科学量化基础上,结合各工序对项目质量的影响权重以衡量整个工程的施工质量,表达式为
Q= i = 1 nωiqi
式中:Q为项目施工质量水平;ωi为工序i对项目整体的质量影响权重, i = 1 nωi=1;qi为工序i的施工质量水平。
研究表明,工序质量和施工持续时间之间存在负相关的关系。当项目赶工(压缩施工时间)时,由于缺乏足够的时间落实施工质量相应的保证措施,会导致工序质量的下降,施工时间压缩比例越大,工序质量下降也就越快;反之,适当延长施工时间,工序质量会得到相应提升,但在达到最高后并不会无限提升,反而会有一定程度的下降。
本文中假定正常施工时间下工序质量可充分满足施工要求,以工序质量上升单调段为研究对象,借助专家经验确定各工序在最短施工持续时间下的施工质量水平,并进一步采用对数关系对工序质量和持续时间的变化关系进行拟合,结果为
qi=ln e - e q i m i n t i m a x - t i m i n t i + e q i m i n t i m a x - e t i m i n t i m a x - t i m i n
式中:qimin为工序i最短持续时间下的施工质量水平估算值。
基于上述对机场道面养护施工管理目标的量化分析,结合多目标优化理论,构建综合工期-成本-质量的机场跑道不停航养护和修复活动三目标优化模型。除了对各优化目标进行约束外,还需通过每日施工最大时间的限制满足机场跑道施工不停航的特殊性需求。目标优化模型表达式为
minF=[T,C,-Q]
X=[v1,v2,…,vn,T]
s.t. T T m a x C C m a x Q Q m i n m a x L m L i L m t i t m a x
式中:F为模型目标函数集合,表示代表施工工期、成本最小化,质量最大化;X为模型决策决策向量,由各工序施工速度和项目工期组成。
多目标优化求解算法种类繁多,不同算法的设计原理和考虑因素各有侧重,因此在实际优化问题中的求解效果也有所差异。由于多目标优化问题的解为一系列最优解集,因此在追求计算速度和稳定性的基础上,解集的收敛性和多样性同样也是衡量一种算法优劣的重要指标,多方面的评价也使得相应的评价指标不尽相同,根据当前研究,常用的有收敛性评价指标——世代距离(generational distance, GD)、多样性评价指标——间距度量(spacing, SP),以及综合性指标——反世代距离(invert generational distance, IGD)和超体积度量(hypervolume, HV)。
上述指标大多需要根据真实Pareto前沿选择参考点进行计算,而实际养护和修复活动问题的Pareto最优解集无法得知,因此需借助已知最优解集的标准测试问题进行算法求解测试。基于此,本文分别选择多目标优化标准测试函数DTLZ中的线性测试函数DTLZ1和凹形测试函数DTLZ2,对当前路面养护决策研究中常用的粒子群优化MOPSO、NSGA-II和NSGA-III三种常用算法进行建模求解,通过算法求解性能的对比分析,选择适用于机场跑道养护和修复活动优化的求解方法。本文测试中,设定目标维数M=3,决策变量D=10,种群数量N=100,最大评价评价次数为1×105 次,借助MATLAB平台分别采用粒子群算法、NSGA-II算法和NSGA-III算法进行优化求解。结果如图1图2所示。
图1可知,在DTLZ1问题中,上述三种优化算法均能求解得到一系列非支配解,但是经过10万次的迭代评价,多目标粒子群算法未能收敛到Pareto面,导致在相同的参照点选择下,其超体积指标HV一直为零(优化解集的优越性低于参照点,无支配空间),在此问题中,多目标粒子群算法(multiple objective particle swarm optimization, MOPSO)进化效率明显劣于其他两种算法。对比第Ⅱ代非支配排序遗传算法(nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-Ⅱ, NSGA-II)和第III代非支配排序遗传算法(nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-III, NSGA-III)可知,两种算法均可在1万次迭代评价内快速收敛至Pareto面,由于拥挤度筛选的算法劣势,NSGA-II在收敛到最优面后虽然也可以保证种解集的多样性,但始终无法实现解集的最均匀分布,这一点也在超体积指标HV的最终差异上有所体现。
图2可知,在DTLZ2问题中,上述三种优化算法均能求解得到一系列非支配解,且三种算法均能快速收敛于最优面,算法收敛性良好。从空间指标SP上来看,三种算法在解的多样性上也没有明显差异,但由算法综合性评价指标反世代距离IGD和超体积指标HV可知,NSGA-III解集的质量明显优于MOPSO和NSGA-II,后两者在快速收敛后经过数万次的迭代评价也未能实现解集的均匀分布。
综上所述,三种优化算法在解决凹面优化问题DTLZ2时均表现出了良好的性能,但多目标粒子群算法MOPSO在解决线形优化问题时表现不佳。此外,在三维目标的优化问题中,得益于其筛选算法的优越性,NSGA-III不仅可以快速收敛至最优面,而且可通过收敛后的继续迭代实现解集在Pareto上的均匀分布。基于此,本文中将采用NSGA-III算法完成所构建优化模型的求解。
以中国无锡硕放机场跑道加铺项目的工程数据作为工程实例进行建模分析,该项目内容为在旧有水泥混凝土道面的基础上加铺7 cm的沥青混凝土道面,加铺面积约16万m2(3 200 m×50.4 m),施工时间为每日夜航结束到第2日开航之前,采用全断面推进的施工方式(施工宽度B=50.4 m)。为保证跑道日间的正常运营,需在早上通航前将道面恢复并完成设备离场,因此每日夜间施工工序流程如图3表1所示。
结合项目具体资料确定模型参数。为了减少沥青混合料横向冷接缝,本实例中限制Tmax=40d,即每日摊铺施工长度不小于80 m;结合机场通航情况,每日夜间施工最大时间tmax=7h;项目总成本预算上限Cmax=1 700万元,每日施工最大直接成本 i = 1 n c z i m a x=74.40万元,最小直接成本 i = 1 n c z i m i n=22.53万元,间接成本增长系数β=4.32万元/d;最低可接受的质量水平下限Qmin=0.9。根据工程资料结合专家经验调查确定的其他模型相关参数见表2
根据2.2节研究结论,选择解决三维优化问题时性能更优的NSGA-III算法进行跑道施工组织优化分析,本次求解中算法参数设置如表3所示。
经过200代的进化求解,共在决策空间内搜索求得15种施工组织备选方案(Pareto最优解集),如图4所示。
从变化趋势上来看,项目总成本与施工工期整体呈现负相关的变化趋势、质量水平与施工工期总体呈现正相关的变化趋势。但在同一工期下,各工序不同的方案选择同样也会造成项目成本和质量水平的差异;从数据结果上来看,Pareto最优解集中,项目工期分布在25~40 d、总成本分布在1 461.31万元~1 685.98万元、质量水平分布在0.900~0.961,均在满足项目要求的基础上实现了不同程度的优化。其中,各目标最优解如表4所示。
基于多目标优化理论,针对机场道面养护施工中不停航的特殊需求,从实际施工管理中所关注的工期、成本和质量目标入手,通过建立各目标量化模型,结合关闭夜间时段实现快速施工的工程约束,提出了一种以工期、成本最小化,质量水平最大化的机场道面不停航施工组织三目标优化模型,并通过NSGA-III算法实现了模型的优化求解。主要研究结论如下。
(1)MOPSO、NSGA-II和NSGA-III解决凹面优化问题DTLZ2时均表现出了良好的性能,但MOPSO在解决线形优化问题DTLZ1时表现不佳。NSGA-III解决三维优化问题时性能均显著优于另外两者,其不仅可以快速收敛至最优面,而且可通过收敛后的继续迭代实现解集在Pareto面上的均匀分布。
(2)本文所提出的场道面不停航施工组织优化模型可在充分满足施工约束的基础上实现施工管理各目标的进一步优化,并且在求解中表现出了较好的收敛性和多样性。依此可由实际工程资料快速搜索得到一系列满足要求的非支配解,为不同需求的机场道面养护施工组织管理提供决策依据。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52478448)
  • 国家自然科学基金(52208439)
  • 西藏自治区2024年重大科技专项(XZ202402ZD0008)
  • 西藏自治区2024年重大科技专项(XZ202401ZY0082)
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2025年第25卷第15期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404656
  • 接收时间:2024-06-21
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-05-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-21
  • 修回日期:2024-11-30
基金
国家自然科学基金(52478448)
国家自然科学基金(52208439)
西藏自治区2024年重大科技专项(XZ202402ZD0008)
西藏自治区2024年重大科技专项(XZ202401ZY0082)
作者信息
    东南大学交通学院, 南京 211189

通讯作者:

* 董侨(1982—),男,汉族,江苏宿迁人,博士,教授。研究方向:道路与机场工程。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
种数
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species
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Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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