Article(id=1149768941511290935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768937925165147, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406124, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723737600000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-16, revisedDate=1732377600000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752055877329, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1748361600000, pubDateStr=2025-05-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752055877329, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752055877329, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752055877329, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149768937925165147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='15', pageStart='6155', pageEnd='6586', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752055876475, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456822194, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559490207699090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768937925165147, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559490211893395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768937925165147, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=6344, endPage=6350, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149768943935598665, articleId=1149768941511290935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Analysis of the Influence of Loss of Offsite Power and Moderator Temperature Feedback on the RCP Shaft Seizure Accident of Domestic Advanced PWR, columnId=1156264259077137059, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Nuclear Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To enhance the support for the nuclear safety review of domestic advanced pressurized water reactor (PWR), the reactor coolant pump (RCP) shaft seizure accident for this reactor type was conducted. The impact of the loss of offsite power (LOOP) assumption and moderator temperature feedback on the accident consequences was examined. The findings are as follows. The peak pressure in the reactor coolant system and the peak temperature of the hot spot cladding, recorded during the accident process, met the accident acceptance criteria, enabling the nuclear power plant to eventually stabilize. The LOOP assumption was found to be conservative. For this accident, however, the differences arising from this assumption manifested in the later stages and did not influence key outcome parameters such as system pressure peak, minimum departure from nucleate boiling ratio (DNBR), and peak temperature of hot spot cladding, which occurred early in the accident. Therefore, the inclusion or exclusion of the LOOP assumption was deemed acceptable. The introduction of moderator temperature feedback was considered an unconservative assumption. Nevertheless, even without this feedback, the peak pressure in the reactor coolant system and the peak temperature of the hot spot cladding still met the accident acceptance criteria, maintaining a substantial margin. Additionally, incorporating moderator temperature feedback brought the calculations closer to reality. Overall, the introduction of moderator temperature feedback in this accident was also judged to be acceptable.

, correspAuthors=Xin-lu TIAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Bin JIA, Ping-fei DU, Yuan GAO, Xin-li GAO, Xue-dong QIAO, Xin-lu TIAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149768954429747366, articleId=1149768941511290935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=丧失厂外电及慢化剂温度反馈对国产先进压水堆卡轴事故影响分析, columnId=1156264259655951016, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·原子能技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为更好地支持国产先进压水堆核安全审评工作,针对国产先进压水堆卡轴事故开展了计算分析,并研究了丧失厂外电(loss of offsite power,LOOP)假设和慢化剂温度反馈对事故后果的影响。最终得到:①事故过程中得到的反应堆冷却剂系统峰值压力、热点包壳峰值温度均满足事故验收准则的要求,核电厂最终可达到一个稳定状态;②LOOP假设是保守的一种假设条件,但对于本事故,LOOP假设引起的后果差异都体现在事故中后期,对在事故早期出现的系统压力峰值、最小偏离泡核沸腾比(departure from nucleate boiling ratio,DNBR)和热点包壳峰值温度等主要结果参数不会产生影响,是否引入LOOP假设都可接受;③慢化剂温度反馈的引入是一种不保守的假设条件。然而,在不引入慢化剂温度反馈情况下得到的反应堆冷却剂系统峰值压力、热点包壳峰值温度也均满足事故验收准则的要求,且保有很大裕量。同时,引入慢化剂温度反馈使得计算更接近现实。综上,在本事故中引入慢化剂温度反馈也是可以接受的。

, correspAuthors=田欣鹭, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 田欣鹭(1989—),女,汉族,辽宁沈阳人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:反应堆燃料性能分析。E-mail:
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贾斌(1986—),男,汉族,吉林吉林人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:反应堆热工水力与事故分析。E-mail:

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贾斌(1986—),男,汉族,吉林吉林人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:反应堆热工水力与事故分析。E-mail:

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贾斌(1986—),男,汉族,吉林吉林人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:反应堆热工水力与事故分析。E-mail:

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Sequence of events of RCP shaft seizure accident for domestic advanced PWR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
事故序列 时间/s
一台冷却剂泵转轴卡死 0
低流量停堆整定值到达 0.02
控制棒开始下落 1.02
达到最小DNBR 1.80
达到包壳峰值温度 3.48
), ArticleFig(id=1172923745942520740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768941511290935, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

国产先进压水堆卡轴事故序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
事故序列 时间/s
一台冷却剂泵转轴卡死 0
低流量停堆整定值到达 0.02
控制棒开始下落 1.02
达到最小DNBR 1.80
达到包壳峰值温度 3.48
), ArticleFig(id=1172923746009629605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768941511290935, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Configuration of calculation conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 LOOP 慢化剂密度系数
1 × 0
2 0
3 0.03
), ArticleFig(id=1172923746085127078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768941511290935, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

对比计算工况设置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 LOOP 慢化剂密度系数
1 × 0
2 0
3 0.03
), ArticleFig(id=1172923746148041639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768941511290935, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of peak pressures and maximum cladding temperatures at hotspots across different operating conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 峰值压力/MPa 热点包壳峰值温度/℃
1 16.66 1 034
2 16.66 1 034
3 16.43 999
), ArticleFig(id=1172923746231927720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768941511290935, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各工况峰值压力与热点包壳峰值温度对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 峰值压力/MPa 热点包壳峰值温度/℃
1 16.66 1 034
2 16.66 1 034
3 16.43 999
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丧失厂外电及慢化剂温度反馈对国产先进压水堆卡轴事故影响分析
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贾斌 , 杜平非 , 高远 , 高新力 , 乔雪冬 , 田欣鹭 *
科学技术与工程 | 论文·原子能技术 2025,25(15): 6344-6350
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·原子能技术 2025, 25(15): 6344-6350
丧失厂外电及慢化剂温度反馈对国产先进压水堆卡轴事故影响分析
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贾斌 , 杜平非, 高远, 高新力, 乔雪冬, 田欣鹭*
作者信息
  • 生态环境部核与辐射安全中心(国家环境保护核与辐射安全审评模拟分析与验证重点实验室), 北京 102488
  • 贾斌(1986—),男,汉族,吉林吉林人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:反应堆热工水力与事故分析。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 田欣鹭(1989—),女,汉族,辽宁沈阳人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:反应堆燃料性能分析。E-mail:
Analysis of the Influence of Loss of Offsite Power and Moderator Temperature Feedback on the RCP Shaft Seizure Accident of Domestic Advanced PWR
Bin JIA , Ping-fei DU, Yuan GAO, Xin-li GAO, Xue-dong QIAO, Xin-lu TIAN*
Affiliations
  • Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center(State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Nuclear and Radiation Safety Regulatory Simulation and Validation), Beijing 102488, China
出版时间: 2025-05-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406124
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为更好地支持国产先进压水堆核安全审评工作,针对国产先进压水堆卡轴事故开展了计算分析,并研究了丧失厂外电(loss of offsite power,LOOP)假设和慢化剂温度反馈对事故后果的影响。最终得到:①事故过程中得到的反应堆冷却剂系统峰值压力、热点包壳峰值温度均满足事故验收准则的要求,核电厂最终可达到一个稳定状态;②LOOP假设是保守的一种假设条件,但对于本事故,LOOP假设引起的后果差异都体现在事故中后期,对在事故早期出现的系统压力峰值、最小偏离泡核沸腾比(departure from nucleate boiling ratio,DNBR)和热点包壳峰值温度等主要结果参数不会产生影响,是否引入LOOP假设都可接受;③慢化剂温度反馈的引入是一种不保守的假设条件。然而,在不引入慢化剂温度反馈情况下得到的反应堆冷却剂系统峰值压力、热点包壳峰值温度也均满足事故验收准则的要求,且保有很大裕量。同时,引入慢化剂温度反馈使得计算更接近现实。综上,在本事故中引入慢化剂温度反馈也是可以接受的。

国产先进压水堆  /  卡轴  /  丧失厂外电  /  慢化剂温度反馈

To enhance the support for the nuclear safety review of domestic advanced pressurized water reactor (PWR), the reactor coolant pump (RCP) shaft seizure accident for this reactor type was conducted. The impact of the loss of offsite power (LOOP) assumption and moderator temperature feedback on the accident consequences was examined. The findings are as follows. The peak pressure in the reactor coolant system and the peak temperature of the hot spot cladding, recorded during the accident process, met the accident acceptance criteria, enabling the nuclear power plant to eventually stabilize. The LOOP assumption was found to be conservative. For this accident, however, the differences arising from this assumption manifested in the later stages and did not influence key outcome parameters such as system pressure peak, minimum departure from nucleate boiling ratio (DNBR), and peak temperature of hot spot cladding, which occurred early in the accident. Therefore, the inclusion or exclusion of the LOOP assumption was deemed acceptable. The introduction of moderator temperature feedback was considered an unconservative assumption. Nevertheless, even without this feedback, the peak pressure in the reactor coolant system and the peak temperature of the hot spot cladding still met the accident acceptance criteria, maintaining a substantial margin. Additionally, incorporating moderator temperature feedback brought the calculations closer to reality. Overall, the introduction of moderator temperature feedback in this accident was also judged to be acceptable.

domestic advanced PWR  /  shaft seizure  /  LOOP  /  moderator temperature feedback
贾斌, 杜平非, 高远, 高新力, 乔雪冬, 田欣鹭. 丧失厂外电及慢化剂温度反馈对国产先进压水堆卡轴事故影响分析. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (15) : 6344 -6350 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406124
Bin JIA, Ping-fei DU, Yuan GAO, Xin-li GAO, Xue-dong QIAO, Xin-lu TIAN. Analysis of the Influence of Loss of Offsite Power and Moderator Temperature Feedback on the RCP Shaft Seizure Accident of Domestic Advanced PWR[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (15) : 6344 -6350 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406124
国产先进压水堆是中国自主研发的先进百万千瓦级压水堆核电技术。该堆型是以中国三十余年核电站科研、设计、建造、调试、运行经验和近年来核电发展及研究领域的最新成果为基础,融合借鉴国际先进三代核电技术[1]的设计理念,充分汲取福岛核事故[2]经验反馈,具有完善的严重事故预防和缓解措施的先进堆型。
目前有关国产先进压水堆的核安全审评工作已经在生态环境部核与辐射安全中心(以下简称“核安全中心”)开展,根据核安全审评的新要求,对在审核电机组开展独立审核计算已经成为了审评工作的重要组成部分。
国产先进压水堆冷却剂泵卡轴事故[3](以下简称“卡轴事故”)为反应堆正常运行下反应堆冷却剂泵转子瞬间卡住,对该事故的审核计算也是本次独立审核计算工作之一。
卡轴事故发生后,受影响的反应堆冷却剂环路的流量快速降低,导致反应堆在低流量信号下触发紧急停堆。反应堆冷却剂泵泵轴断裂事故的后果,被卡轴事故的后果包络,这是因为在泵轴断裂数秒后,由于惯性,叶轮仍在转动,而不像转子卡住事故分析中假定叶轮固定不动,故冷却剂流量的初始降低速率低于卡轴事故的初始流量降低速率。因此,在相同的反应堆状态下,转子卡住事故的结果与结论可完全应用于反应堆冷却剂泵泵轴断裂事故。
如果事故发生时反应堆正在功率运行状态,堆芯流量降低会导致冷却剂温度快速升高。倘若反应堆没有紧急停堆,则这种温度上升与局部流率下降一起可能会使燃料棒发生偏离泡核沸腾(departure from nucleate boiling, DNB),导致燃料损伤。
主泵转子卡死,故障环路冷却剂流量迅速降低,将引起冷却剂带出堆芯的热量减少,一回路向二次侧传递的热量减少,从而导致反应堆冷却剂系统压力升高。汽轮机停机后,二次侧排热减少,主蒸汽系统压力将会升高,可能具有超压风险。
因此,在开展国产先进压水堆事故分析审核计算工作中,对卡轴事故进行了重点分析。国内外对反应堆冷却剂泵卡轴等事故的研究一直都在开展,如潘军等[4]、黎义斌等[5]开展了典型核电机组主泵卡轴事故瞬态过程数值分析和水动力特性研究,研究指出事故环路中流量在下降至0 m3/h后反向增加,发生倒流现象,卡轴时间越短,核主泵相应特性参数的瞬时变化越剧烈,事故造成影响越严重。吴和鑫等[6]开展了卡轴事故下先进燃料对核反应堆安全潜在影响分析,结果表明,热导率大的事故容错燃料芯块能降低芯块温度,比热容大的事故容错燃料能降低包壳峰值温度。中国核动力研究设计院崔怀明等[7]、郭超等[8]开展了卡轴工况下反应堆冷却剂系统瞬态水力载荷研究和基于两区模型的钠冷快堆无保护失流事故研究,得到了事故过程中反应堆及一回路系统管路内压力波震荡规律及瞬态水力载荷特性,以及针对钠池温度计算不准确问题,提出了两区模型来计算钠池温度的瞬态响应。生态环境部核与辐射安全中心张强升等[9]、王昆鹏等[10]开展了轴封型核主泵卡轴事故发生机理分析研究和典型核电机组燃料组件错装载事故计算分析,研究表明检测电机堵转电流、装配特殊设计结构的联轴器等方式可有效降低事故的损害。袁显宝等[11]开展了包壳相关行为对严重事故进程的影响分析研究,结果表明,通过优化锆水反应计算模型,严重事故下锆合金燃料包壳与水的反应产氢量减少显著。
以上研究主要是针对卡轴等事故的发生机理、瞬态过程、水力特性、新型燃料性能响应等方面开展,尚未从核安全审评的角度,针对国产先进压水堆卡轴事故开展工程应用相关的计算分析和重点参数设置影响分析。目前,在对国产先进压水堆卡轴事故的审核计算中,发现丧失厂外电假设(loss of offsite power,LOOP)与慢化剂温度反馈假设是影响该事故进程及结果的关键因素,因此以上两条假设设置的合理性将直接影响事故分析的合理性。
基于此,在国产先进压水堆卡轴事故审核计算的基础上,针对LOOP假设与慢化剂温度反馈假设开展影响分析研究,并最终确认以上两条假设对事故结果影响的重要度以及假设设置的合理性。
依据国产先进压水堆的系统设计,应用系统程序建立了机组全系统模型,模型包括堆芯系统、稳压器系统、主蒸汽管道系统以及3个环路系统,每个环路由一个热管段、一个过渡段、一个冷管段、一台主冷却剂泵和一台蒸汽发生器组成。如图1所示为国产先进压水堆系统模型的节块示意图。
(1)初始工况。初始运行功率为满功率加上稳态功率测量最大误差。反应堆冷却剂平均温度初值为其名义值加上最大稳态控制范围和测量误差。稳压器压力初值为其名义值减去最大稳态波动和测量误差。
(2)反应堆控制和保护系统。由一条环路反应堆冷却剂流量低信号触发反应堆停堆,假定停堆整定值为名义整定值减去保守的不确定性。
(3)单一故障假设。单一故障假设为受影响环路一个流量低信号仪控通道失效。
(4)LOOP假设。假定汽轮机停机时刻发生LOOP。
(5)堆芯相关假设。
①慢化剂密度系数。假定慢化剂密度系数为0.03 g/cm3(该值包络60%~100%功率范围)。
②多普勒功率亏损。为了使达到最小偏离泡核沸腾比(departure from nucleate boiling ratio,DNBR)时的热流密度最大化,多普勒功率亏损采用最大绝对值。
③停堆反应性引入。假定具有最大价值的一束控制棒组件卡在堆芯外面。因此,保护停堆后的负反应性引入最小。此外,采用了最保守的负反应性引入随时间变化的曲线。
(6)其他假设。冷却剂主泵惰转后,主泵(包括飞轮)的转动惯量对流量的下降有重要的影响,因此计算中对该参数的取值考虑一定的负不确定性。
燃料热瞬态分析保守地假定在瞬态开始时就发生DNB,热点处燃料棒功率假定了一个保守值。
计算得到的事故序列如表1所示,事故过程中主要参数变化趋势如图2所示。
0 s时一台冷却剂泵发生卡轴,其所在环路冷却剂流量迅速下降,堆芯冷却剂流量也随之迅速下降,如图2(a)所示。停堆动作前,由于冷却剂流量大幅降低,而堆芯功率仅仅因冷却剂密度反馈小幅降低[图2(b)],导致热流密度下降、堆芯储热增加、一回路压力升高、DNBR降低、燃料包壳表面温度升高,如图2(c)~图2(f)所示。
由于受影响环路冷却剂流量的下降,0.02 s触发反应堆冷却剂环路低流量(任一热管段)信号,延迟1 s后控制棒开始下插,反应堆停堆,反应堆功率进一步下降[图2(b)],堆芯产热降低,热流密度降低[图2(c)];但由于卡轴引起的堆芯流量的大幅下降,当前阶段冷却剂载热仍无法满足堆芯产热的需求,导致燃料包壳表面温度[图2(f)]、一回路温度、压力均继续上升[图2(d)]。瞬态进行至大约3.5 s,在堆芯流量、反应堆核功率等因素的共同影响下,冷却剂载热和堆芯产热达到平衡,一回路压力与燃料包壳表面温度会在到达一个峰值;之后,随着冷却剂载热大于堆芯产热,一回路压力与燃料包壳表面温度开始下降,如图2(d)图2(f)所示。
总体计算结果表明:在整个瞬态期间,反应堆冷却剂系统的峰值压力小于使应力超过美国机械工程师学会(American Society of Mechanical Engineers,ASME)锅炉及压力容器规范第III卷[12]中故障条件下应力限值的压力;最终得到的热点包壳峰值温度为999 ℃,远低于验收准则中要求的1 482.2 ℃[13]。反应堆停堆后,核电厂最终可达到一个稳定状态。
根据以往的计算经验,部分核电机组的卡轴事故分析中并未考虑LOOP假设,且慢化剂密度系数设置为0,与国产先进压水堆卡轴事故的分析假设存在差异。为了明确以上两条假设对国产先进压水堆卡轴事故后果的影响,进一步做出了对比计算分析研究。具体对比计算工况如表2所示。
其中,工况3为基准工况,与第2节分析假设保持一致;工况1不考虑LOOP假设,且慢化剂密度系数设置为0,其他设置与基准工况相同;工况2仅慢化剂密度系数设置为0,其他设置与基准工况相同。对比计算结果如图3表3所示。
LOOP假设的引入直接的体现是两条完好环路的冷却剂主泵发生惰转,进而引起堆芯流量的进一步下降,如图3(a)中工况2、3所示。随着主泵惰转导致的堆芯流量下降,反应堆系统的降温降压会减缓,如图3(c)图3(d)中工况1、2的对比情况,说明LOOP假设是更加保守的一种假设条件。但对于本事故计算分析,LOOP假设引入的差异都是在4 s之后体现,而达到稳压器压力峰值、最小DNBR和热点包壳峰值温度的时刻点均在4 s之前,所以该假设不会对事故的以上主要结果产生影响,引入LOOP假设与否都是可以接受的。
慢化剂温度反馈的引入会直接导致事故前期核功率的下降,如图3(b)中工况3与工况1、2的对比。核功率的下降进而会引起系统压力、冷却剂温度、热点包壳温度等参数相较于工况1、2降低,以及DNBR的升高,如图3(c)~图3(f)所示,说明慢化剂温度反馈是一种不保守的假设引入。然而,对于未引入慢化剂温度反馈的工况1、2结果,峰值压力相较于工况3虽然有所升高,但仍小于使应力超过ASME第III篇中故障条件下应力限值的压力;热点包壳峰值温度虽然也有所升高,但仍远低于验收准则中要求的1 482.2 ℃,如表3所示。同时考虑到慢化剂温度反馈是现实反应堆中真实存在的现象,该假设的引入,会使分析结果更接近现实,所以在国产先进压水堆卡轴事故中引入慢化剂温度反馈假设也是可以接受的。
本工作首先基于国产先进压水堆卡轴事故分析假设开展了事故分析计算,计算结果表明,在整个瞬态期间,反应堆冷却剂系统的峰值压力小于使应力超过ASME锅炉及压力容器规范第III卷中故障条件下应力限值的压力;最终得到的热点包壳峰值温度为999 ℃,远低于验收准则中要求的1 482.2 ℃。反应堆停堆后,核电厂最终可达到一个稳定状态。
然后,根据以往的计算经验,针对计算分析中的LOOP假设和慢化剂温度反馈设置开展了敏感性分析,以明确两者对国产先进压水堆卡轴事故后果的影响,结果表明:
(1)LOOP假设的引入会导致事故过程中反应堆系统的降温降压减缓,是更加保守的一种假设条件。但对于本事故计算分析,LOOP假设引入的差异都体现在事故中后期,事故中重点关注的稳压器压力峰值、最小DNBR和热点包壳峰值温度等参数都出现在更早期的事故过程中,所以该假设不会对事故的以上主要结果产生影响,是否引入LOOP假设都可接受。
(2)慢化剂温度反馈的引入主要导致了反应堆停堆前核功率的下降,对事故分析来讲是一种不保守的假设引入。然而通过对比分析,在不引入慢化剂温度反馈情况下,反应堆冷却剂系统峰值压力和热点包壳峰值温度虽有所升高,但相对事故验收准则的要求还存在很大裕量,均满足准则要求。同时考虑到慢化剂温度反馈是反应堆中真实存在的物理现象,该假设的引入,会使分析结果更接近现实,所以在国产先进压水堆卡轴事故中引入慢化剂温度反馈假设也是可以接受的。
  • 核与辐射安全技术审评项目(22110204002001)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406124
  • 接收时间:2024-08-16
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-05-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-16
  • 修回日期:2024-11-24
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核与辐射安全技术审评项目(22110204002001)
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    生态环境部核与辐射安全中心(国家环境保护核与辐射安全审评模拟分析与验证重点实验室), 北京 102488

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* 田欣鹭(1989—),女,汉族,辽宁沈阳人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:反应堆燃料性能分析。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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