Article(id=1149768940383023151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768937925165147, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723219200000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-10, revisedDate=1732377600000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752055877060, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1748361600000, pubDateStr=2025-05-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752055877060, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752055877060, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752055877060, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149768937925165147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='15', pageStart='6155', pageEnd='6586', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752055876475, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456822194, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559490207699090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768937925165147, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559490211893395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768937925165147, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=6570, endPage=6578, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149768940571766832, articleId=1149768940383023151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Carbon Storage Estimation and Influencing Factors in a Typical Rocky Desertification Area, columnId=1156262729993277777, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Environmental and Safe Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to estimate carbon storage and investigate its influencing factors in typical karst rocky desertification regions, Jianshui County, located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and within the Nanpan River Basin, was selected for study due to its significant ecological position. Data from Landsat 5 Collection 1 Tier 1 Surface Reflectance, Landsat 8 Collection 1 Tier 1 Surface Reflectance, and digital elevation model (DEM) were used to conduct the analysis. The google earth engine (GEE) platform and the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs (InVEST) model was used to estimate and predict carbon storage, while the geodetector tool was employed to analyze influencing factors. The results show that, between 2000 and 2020, Jianshui County was predominantly classified as potential rocky desertification and non-desertification, with the rocky desertification area found to have decreased by 115 km2 overall, and the non-desertification area increased by 21 km2, reflecting an improvement in desertification conditions. Carbon storage displayed a spatial distribution pattern of “higher in the north and south, lower in the center,” with recorded values of 116.293 t, 113.310 t, and 118.363 t in 2000, 2010, and 2020, respectively, demonstrating an initial decrease followed by an increase. Projections suggest that carbon storage may reach 129.981 t by 2030. Temperature (q=0.672) was identified as the primary factor affecting changes in carbon storage, with the interactions between factors shown to have a stronger effect on carbon storage than individual factors, especially the interaction between slope and temperature (q=0.998), indicating a non-linear enhancement. It is concluded that carbon storage in Jianshui County exhibits a trend of initial decrease followed by increase, influenced by both natural and social factors, with a spatial pattern of “higher in the north and south, lower in the center.”

, correspAuthors=Xiao-jie YIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Li LUO, Cai-yun ZHAO, Xiao-jie YIN, Fan WANG, Yan WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149768948125708387, articleId=1149768940383023151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=典型石漠化地区碳储量估算及影响因子, columnId=1156262730140078420, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·环境科学、安全科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

建水县位于长江上游,地处南盘江流域,具有重要的生态区位,对其进行典型岩溶石漠化地区碳储量估算及其影响因子分析,可为其碳储量提高和石漠化治理提供依据。以西南典型石漠化地区建水县为研究区,基于Landsat 5 Collection 1 Tier 1 Surface Reflectance、Landsat 8 Collection 1 Tier 1 Surface Reflectance、DEM (digital elevation model)等数据,利用GEE(google earth engine)平台和InVEST(integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs)模型估算、预测其碳储量,并利用地理探测器进行影响因子分析。结果表明:①2000—2020年建水县以潜在石漠化和无石漠化为主,已石漠化面积整体减少115 km2,无石漠化面积增加21 km2,石漠化状况整体得到改善。②建水县碳储量整体表现为“南北高、中部低”的空间分布特征;2000年、2010年和2020年碳储量分别为116.293、113.310、118.363 t,呈先减后增趋势;初步预测2030年碳储量增至129.981 t。③影响研究区碳储量变化的主要因子是气温,因子间的交互作用对碳储量变化的影响大于单一因子,坡度与气温交互作用最强,呈非线性增强。建水县碳储量呈先减后增趋势,受自然因素、社会因素影响,空间上呈“南北高、中部低”的分布特征。

, correspAuthors=殷晓洁, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 殷晓洁(1984—),女,汉族,河北石家庄人,博士,副教授。研究方向:石漠化生态系统变化、全球生态系统。E-mail:
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罗丽(1999—),女,彝族,云南大理人,硕士研究生。研究方向:石漠化生态变化。E-mail:

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罗丽(1999—),女,彝族,云南大理人,硕士研究生。研究方向:石漠化生态变化。E-mail:

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The spatial and temporal evolution of carbon reserves and their drivers in rocky desertification areas of Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2023, 30(6): 406-414., articleTitle=The spatial and temporal evolution of carbon reserves and their drivers in rocky desertification areas of Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1172923736727630190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768940383023151, awardId=XDYC-QNRC-2022-0251, language=CN, fundingSource=云南省兴滇英才支持计划青年人才项目(XDYC-QNRC-2022-0251), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1172923736782156143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768940383023151, awardId=2018FG001-065, language=CN, fundingSource=云南省农业基础研究联合专项(2018FG001-065), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1172923733066002734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768940383023151, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172923733070197039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768940383023151, companyId=1172923733066002734, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172923733078585648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768940383023151, companyId=1172923733066002734, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 西南林业大学林学院, 昆明 650224)]), AuthorCompany(id=1172923733187637553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768940383023151, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172923733196026162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768940383023151, companyId=1172923733187637553, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Sichuan Forestry and Grassland Survey and Planning Institute, Chengdu 610084, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172923733204414771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768940383023151, companyId=1172923733187637553, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 四川省林业和草原调查规划院, 成都 610084)]), AuthorCompany(id=1172923733284106548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768940383023151, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172923733292495157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768940383023151, companyId=1172923733284106548, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Key Laboratory of Mountain Rural Ecosystem Evolution and Pollution Control in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650224, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1172923733296689462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768940383023151, companyId=1172923733284106548, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 云南省山地农村生态环境演变与污染治理重点实验室, 昆明 650224)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1172923735456756060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768940383023151, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Classification map of rocky desertification in Jianshui County, figureFileSmall=Xss2S4iWZZJPmBeMANicAQ==, figureFileBig=ydFSNJG4Dw75zWVMJ7Y+hw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172923735549030749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768940383023151, language=CN, label=图1, caption=建水县石漠化分级图, figureFileSmall=Xss2S4iWZZJPmBeMANicAQ==, figureFileBig=ydFSNJG4Dw75zWVMJ7Y+hw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172923735599362398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768940383023151, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Carbon storage in Jianshui County, figureFileSmall=6ryh2CB8pf+TAZxoIsbqnw==, figureFileBig=HW6Ggcwe6TVsiPhs1VbL2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172923735653888351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768940383023151, language=CN, label=图2, caption=建水县碳储量, figureFileSmall=6ryh2CB8pf+TAZxoIsbqnw==, figureFileBig=HW6Ggcwe6TVsiPhs1VbL2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172923735704220000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768940383023151, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Carbon storage distribution in Jianshui County, figureFileSmall=6Q8zOvGORqimk7AIprCnBg==, figureFileBig=5omqxwxUkd2zE1aHu60fSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172923735775523169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768940383023151, language=CN, label=图3, caption=建水县碳储量分布图, figureFileSmall=6Q8zOvGORqimk7AIprCnBg==, figureFileBig=5omqxwxUkd2zE1aHu60fSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172923735834243426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768940383023151, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Classification criteria of rocky desertification levels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 等级 岩石裸露率/% 植被覆盖度/% 坡度/(°)
1 无石漠化 <10 >80 <5
2 潜在石漠化 10~30 60~80 5~8
3 轻度石漠化 30~50 40~60 8~10
4 中度石漠化 50~70 20~40 10~20
5 重度石漠化 >70 <20 >20
), ArticleFig(id=1172923735905546595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768940383023151, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

石漠化各等级划分标准

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编号 等级 岩石裸露率/% 植被覆盖度/% 坡度/(°)
1 无石漠化 <10 >80 <5
2 潜在石漠化 10~30 60~80 5~8
3 轻度石漠化 30~50 40~60 8~10
4 中度石漠化 50~70 20~40 10~20
5 重度石漠化 >70 <20 >20
), ArticleFig(id=1172923735989432676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768940383023151, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Carbon density at different levels of rocky desertification in Jianshui County

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
石漠化等级 密度/(t·hm-2)
地上生物碳 地下生物碳 土壤碳
无石漠化 33.48 24.26 6.20
潜在石漠化 23.40 17.14 2.76
轻度石漠化 27.36 11.45 2.35
中度石漠化 15.48 7.13 1.42
重度石漠化 13.07 2.84 0.91
), ArticleFig(id=1172923736043958629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768940383023151, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

建水县各等级石漠化碳密度表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
石漠化等级 密度/(t·hm-2)
地上生物碳 地下生物碳 土壤碳
无石漠化 33.48 24.26 6.20
潜在石漠化 23.40 17.14 2.76
轻度石漠化 27.36 11.45 2.35
中度石漠化 15.48 7.13 1.42
重度石漠化 13.07 2.84 0.91
), ArticleFig(id=1172923736102678886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768940383023151, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Types of interactions among influencing factors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
判断依据 交互作用
q(X1X2) <min[q(X1),q(X2)] 非线性减弱
min[q(X1),q(X2)]<q(X1X2)<
max[q(X1),q(X2)]
单因子非线性减弱
q(X1X2)>max[q(X1),q(X2)] 双因子增强
q(X1X2)=q(X1)+q(X2) 独立
q(X1X2)>q(X1)+q(X2) 非线性增强
), ArticleFig(id=1172923736169787751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768940383023151, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

影响因子交互作用类型

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
判断依据 交互作用
q(X1X2) <min[q(X1),q(X2)] 非线性减弱
min[q(X1),q(X2)]<q(X1X2)<
max[q(X1),q(X2)]
单因子非线性减弱
q(X1X2)>max[q(X1),q(X2)] 双因子增强
q(X1X2)=q(X1)+q(X2) 独立
q(X1X2)>q(X1)+q(X2) 非线性增强
), ArticleFig(id=1172923736215925096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768940383023151, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Areas of rocky desertification at different levels in Jianshui County

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
石漠化等级 2000年 2010年 2020年
面积/
km2
比例/
%
面积/
km2
比例/
%
面积/
km2
比例/
%
无石漠化 1 343.0 62.7 1 235.0 57.7 1 364.0 63.6
潜在石漠化 356.0 16.6 380.0 17.7 453.0 21.2
轻度石漠化 253.0 11.8 304.0 14.2 219.0 10.2
中度石漠化 181.0 8.5 213.0 9.9 103.0 4.8
重度石漠化 8.0 0.4 10.0 0.5 5.0 0.2
合计 2 141.0 100.0 2 142.0 100.0 2 144.0 100.0
), ArticleFig(id=1172923736283033961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768940383023151, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

建水县各等级石漠化面积

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
石漠化等级 2000年 2010年 2020年
面积/
km2
比例/
%
面积/
km2
比例/
%
面积/
km2
比例/
%
无石漠化 1 343.0 62.7 1 235.0 57.7 1 364.0 63.6
潜在石漠化 356.0 16.6 380.0 17.7 453.0 21.2
轻度石漠化 253.0 11.8 304.0 14.2 219.0 10.2
中度石漠化 181.0 8.5 213.0 9.9 103.0 4.8
重度石漠化 8.0 0.4 10.0 0.5 5.0 0.2
合计 2 141.0 100.0 2 142.0 100.0 2 144.0 100.0
), ArticleFig(id=1172923736379502954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768940383023151, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Carbon storage and carbon sequestration at different levels of rocky desertification

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
石漠化
等级
碳储量/t 碳汇量/t
2000年 2010年 2020年 2030年 2000—2020年 2020—2030年
无石漠化 72.916 65.380 75.279 110.138 2.363 34.859
潜在石漠化 19.305 20.056 25.093 13.289 5.788 -11.804
轻度石漠化 13.723 16.090 12.073 6.250 -1.650 -5.823
中度石漠化 9.885 11.218 5.681 0.303 -4.204 -5.378
重度石漠化 0.465 0.567 0.237 0.000 -0.229 -0.237
合计 116.294 113.311 118.363 129.980 2.068 11.618
), ArticleFig(id=1172923736450806123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768940383023151, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

各等级石漠化碳储量与碳汇量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
石漠化
等级
碳储量/t 碳汇量/t
2000年 2010年 2020年 2030年 2000—2020年 2020—2030年
无石漠化 72.916 65.380 75.279 110.138 2.363 34.859
潜在石漠化 19.305 20.056 25.093 13.289 5.788 -11.804
轻度石漠化 13.723 16.090 12.073 6.250 -1.650 -5.823
中度石漠化 9.885 11.218 5.681 0.303 -4.204 -5.378
重度石漠化 0.465 0.567 0.237 0.000 -0.229 -0.237
合计 116.294 113.311 118.363 129.980 2.068 11.618
), ArticleFig(id=1172923736509526380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768940383023151, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Results of interaction analysis

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交互作用 判断依据 解释关系
X4X5,
X4X10
q(0.991)>q(X4=0.279)+
q(X5=0.672)/q(X10=0.328)
非线性增强
X3X5 q(0.998)>q(X3=0.310)+
q(X5=0.672)
非线性增强
X2X5 q(0.995)>max[q(X2=0.603),
q(X5=0.672)]
双因子增强
X5X8 q(0.977)>max[q(X5=0.672),
q(X8=0.381)]
双因子增强
X5X6 q(0.975)>max[q(X5=0.672),
q(X6=0.477)]
双因子增强
X5X9 q(0.975)>q(X5=0.672)+
q(X9=0.278)
非线性增强
), ArticleFig(id=1172923736589218157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768940383023151, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

交互式分析结果

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交互作用 判断依据 解释关系
X4X5,
X4X10
q(0.991)>q(X4=0.279)+
q(X5=0.672)/q(X10=0.328)
非线性增强
X3X5 q(0.998)>q(X3=0.310)+
q(X5=0.672)
非线性增强
X2X5 q(0.995)>max[q(X2=0.603),
q(X5=0.672)]
双因子增强
X5X8 q(0.977)>max[q(X5=0.672),
q(X8=0.381)]
双因子增强
X5X6 q(0.975)>max[q(X5=0.672),
q(X6=0.477)]
双因子增强
X5X9 q(0.975)>q(X5=0.672)+
q(X9=0.278)
非线性增强
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典型石漠化地区碳储量估算及影响因子
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罗丽 1 , 赵彩云 1 , 殷晓洁 1, * , 王帆 2 , 王妍 3
科学技术与工程 | 论文·环境科学、安全科学 2025,25(15): 6570-6578
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·环境科学、安全科学 2025, 25(15): 6570-6578
典型石漠化地区碳储量估算及影响因子
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罗丽1 , 赵彩云1, 殷晓洁1, * , 王帆2, 王妍3
作者信息
  • 1 西南林业大学林学院, 昆明 650224
  • 2 四川省林业和草原调查规划院, 成都 610084
  • 3 云南省山地农村生态环境演变与污染治理重点实验室, 昆明 650224
  • 罗丽(1999—),女,彝族,云南大理人,硕士研究生。研究方向:石漠化生态变化。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 殷晓洁(1984—),女,汉族,河北石家庄人,博士,副教授。研究方向:石漠化生态系统变化、全球生态系统。E-mail:
Carbon Storage Estimation and Influencing Factors in a Typical Rocky Desertification Area
Li LUO1 , Cai-yun ZHAO1, Xiao-jie YIN1, * , Fan WANG2, Yan WANG3
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
  • 2 Sichuan Forestry and Grassland Survey and Planning Institute, Chengdu 610084, China
  • 3 Key Laboratory of Mountain Rural Ecosystem Evolution and Pollution Control in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650224, China
出版时间: 2025-05-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406012
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建水县位于长江上游,地处南盘江流域,具有重要的生态区位,对其进行典型岩溶石漠化地区碳储量估算及其影响因子分析,可为其碳储量提高和石漠化治理提供依据。以西南典型石漠化地区建水县为研究区,基于Landsat 5 Collection 1 Tier 1 Surface Reflectance、Landsat 8 Collection 1 Tier 1 Surface Reflectance、DEM (digital elevation model)等数据,利用GEE(google earth engine)平台和InVEST(integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs)模型估算、预测其碳储量,并利用地理探测器进行影响因子分析。结果表明:①2000—2020年建水县以潜在石漠化和无石漠化为主,已石漠化面积整体减少115 km2,无石漠化面积增加21 km2,石漠化状况整体得到改善。②建水县碳储量整体表现为“南北高、中部低”的空间分布特征;2000年、2010年和2020年碳储量分别为116.293、113.310、118.363 t,呈先减后增趋势;初步预测2030年碳储量增至129.981 t。③影响研究区碳储量变化的主要因子是气温,因子间的交互作用对碳储量变化的影响大于单一因子,坡度与气温交互作用最强,呈非线性增强。建水县碳储量呈先减后增趋势,受自然因素、社会因素影响,空间上呈“南北高、中部低”的分布特征。

石漠化  /  InVEST模型  /  地理探测器  /  碳储量  /  建水县

In order to estimate carbon storage and investigate its influencing factors in typical karst rocky desertification regions, Jianshui County, located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and within the Nanpan River Basin, was selected for study due to its significant ecological position. Data from Landsat 5 Collection 1 Tier 1 Surface Reflectance, Landsat 8 Collection 1 Tier 1 Surface Reflectance, and digital elevation model (DEM) were used to conduct the analysis. The google earth engine (GEE) platform and the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs (InVEST) model was used to estimate and predict carbon storage, while the geodetector tool was employed to analyze influencing factors. The results show that, between 2000 and 2020, Jianshui County was predominantly classified as potential rocky desertification and non-desertification, with the rocky desertification area found to have decreased by 115 km2 overall, and the non-desertification area increased by 21 km2, reflecting an improvement in desertification conditions. Carbon storage displayed a spatial distribution pattern of “higher in the north and south, lower in the center,” with recorded values of 116.293 t, 113.310 t, and 118.363 t in 2000, 2010, and 2020, respectively, demonstrating an initial decrease followed by an increase. Projections suggest that carbon storage may reach 129.981 t by 2030. Temperature (q=0.672) was identified as the primary factor affecting changes in carbon storage, with the interactions between factors shown to have a stronger effect on carbon storage than individual factors, especially the interaction between slope and temperature (q=0.998), indicating a non-linear enhancement. It is concluded that carbon storage in Jianshui County exhibits a trend of initial decrease followed by increase, influenced by both natural and social factors, with a spatial pattern of “higher in the north and south, lower in the center.”

rocky desertification  /  InVEST model  /  geodetector  /  carbon storage  /  Jianshui County
罗丽, 赵彩云, 殷晓洁, 王帆, 王妍. 典型石漠化地区碳储量估算及影响因子. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (15) : 6570 -6578 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406012
Li LUO, Cai-yun ZHAO, Xiao-jie YIN, Fan WANG, Yan WANG. Carbon Storage Estimation and Influencing Factors in a Typical Rocky Desertification Area[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (15) : 6570 -6578 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406012
岩溶石漠化已经成为一个全球性的生态环境问题,其形成通常伴随着土地生产力的显著下降和水土的严重流失,最终导致大面积裸露的基底岩石区域出现[1]。石漠化不仅破坏了生态环境,还使得土壤中有机碳大量流失,减少了碳汇能力,进一步加剧了大气中CO2的浓度。CO2作为主要的温室气体,其浓度升高直接影响全球气候变暖,恶化生态环境。因此,为控制CO2浓度飙升,近年来各国积极响应“碳达峰与碳中和”政策,对地区碳储量进行监测、估算和影响因子分析具有实际意义。中国西南岩溶地区分布着大面积石漠化地区,其具有丰富的碳储量[2-4],同时石漠化治理工程离不开碳储量监测及相关研究[5]。近年来,西南地区石漠化治理程度逐渐加强,发展经济的同时注重生态环境与石漠化治理[6]。曾贤刚等[7]和张颖等[8]研究认为,石漠化治理工程和“双碳”政策双管齐下,中国西南石漠化地区至少可增加碳储量2~3亿 t。然而,目前对于石漠化地区碳储量估算及其影响因素研究仍不充分,尚不清楚不同治理措施下碳储量的动态变化,及不同影响因素对碳储量的影响程度。
为了解决这一问题,以在石漠化特征及演变过程具有典型性和代表性的建水县为研究区,基于GEE(google earth engine)云计算平台,揭示其2000—2020年的石漠化演变规律。依据这些演变规律,利用InVEST(integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs)模型估算建水县的碳储量,并分析其空间动态,同时初步预测2030年的碳储量变化。随后,探讨影响碳储量的因素,以期为典型石漠化地区的碳储量估算及石漠化治理提供依据。通过创新方法,结合各等级石漠化数据和碳密度表,打破传统上仅依靠土地利用类型数据和碳密度数据估算碳储量的方法。这样不仅可以更精确地估算石漠化地区的碳储量,还能为石漠化治理和生态修复工作提供更科学的依据。通过本研究,旨在填补现有研究的不足,明确不同治理措施对碳储量的影响及其动态变化,为石漠化地区的生态修复和碳储量管理提供新的见解和方法。
建水县隶属云南省南部红河哈尼族彝族自治州,地理坐标为102°34'03″E~103°11'24″E,23°12'36″N~24°10'28″N,县域面积37.89×104 hm2,地势南高北低。建水县属亚热带季风气候,岩溶地貌分布广泛,占全县面积的53%,生态系统脆弱,作为西南岩溶地区石漠化典型区域,是国家石漠化综合治理工程重点县。
基于GEE在线编写代码调用长时间序列的Landsat影像,包括Landsat 5 Collection 1 Tier 1 Surface Reflectance(2000、2010年)和Landsat 8 Collection 1 Tier 1 Surface Reflectance(2020年),进行去云处理、影像镶嵌和研究区裁剪等预处理,并对水体进行掩膜,基于像元二分模型计算得到研究区植被覆盖度、岩石裸露率,基于ASTER GDEM 30 M数据计算出坡度,通过计算指数和纹理特征实现道路和建筑用地的提取,并采用决策树分类法进行石漠化等级划分,最后将结果导出,下载到本地使用ENVI5.3和ArcGIS10.7进行后续处理,通过制图得到建水县2000—2020年石漠化等级分布图。
坡度、坡向根据ASTER GDEM 30 M数据计算;2020年降雨量、气温数据均在中国气象数据网(http://data.cma.cn/)获取;2020年土壤类型、土壤pH、土地利用数据(land use/cover change,LUCC)、2020年植被类型、GDP及县级行政边界数据在中国科学院资源环境科学与数据中心(http://www.resdc.cn/)获取;2020年夜间灯光遥感数据来源于国家地球系统科学数据中心(http://www.geodata.cn/);岩性图在喀斯特科学数据中心(http://www.karstdata.cn/)获取。
结合研究区当地石漠化状况,通过植被覆盖度、岩石裸露率和坡度,划分石漠化等级[9-11]。其中,植被覆盖度、岩石裸露率基于GEE和像元二分模型进行计算。
(1)植被覆盖度。植被覆盖度(fractional vegetation cover,FVC)是指植被冠层在地面上的垂直投影面积与总地面面积的比值[12-13]。依据像元二分模型原理[14],利用归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)来获取研究区域的植被覆盖度。计算公式为
NDVI= N I R - R E D N I R + R E D×100%
FVC= N D V I - N D V I r N D V I r - N D V I o×100%
式中:NIR为近红外波段的反射率;RED为红色波段的反射率;NDVIo为无植被存在的像元值,NDVIr为完全由植被覆盖的像元值。计算出NDVI后,统计其百分比,取频率5%的像元值为NDVIo,取频率95%的像元值为NDVIr[15]
(2)岩石裸露率(FR)。岩石裸露在石漠化信息提取中起关键作用。利用归一化岩石指数(normalized difference rock index,NDRI)来获取岩石裸露率。基于NDVI思想,根据像元二分模型计算[16]。计算公式为
NDRI= S W I R - N I R S W I R + N I R×100%
FR= N D R I - N D R I r N D R I r + N D R I o×100%
式中:SWIR为短波红外反射率;NDRIo为全无岩石裸露得到的像元值;NDRIr为全由岩石裸露得到的像元值。在统计所得的所有像元值中,取频率5%的像元值为NDRIo,累计频率95%的像元值为NDRIr
将非石漠化区域进行剔除,包括:①非岩溶地区,使用ENVI5.3和ArcGIS10.7在岩性图中进行提取;②根据LUCC数据,将建筑用地和水体等不会发生石漠化区域进行裁剪、剔除[17]
根据决策树法,将石漠化强度划分为五个等级[18]:无石漠化、潜在石漠化、轻度石漠化、中度石漠化和重度石漠化,如表1所示。
InVEST模型中的碳储存(Carbon)模块包括地上生物碳、地下生物碳、土壤碳和死亡有机碳4部分。该模块在进行地类划分后,根据土地利用类型图对所估计的碳储量进行汇总[19]。现基于InVEST模型中的Carbon模块,结合碳密度表和石漠化等级图,对各等级石漠化碳储量变化情况进行评估,计算公式为
Ci=Ci1+Ci2+Ci3+Ci4
Ctotal= i = 1 nAiCi
式中:i为某石漠化等级;Ci为石漠化等级i的碳密度,t/hm2; C i 1为石漠化等级i地上生物碳密度,t/hm2; C i 2为石漠化等级i地下生物碳密度,t/hm2; C i 3为石漠化等级i土壤碳密度,t/hm2; C i 4为石漠化等级i死亡有机物碳密度,t/hm2;Ctotal为陆地生态系统总碳储量,t;Ai为石漠化等级i的面积,km2;n为石漠化等级数量,本文中n=5。
由于死亡有机物碳储量在碳库中所占比重较小,仅考虑地上生物碳、地下生物碳和土壤碳[20-22]。建水县石漠化碳密度通过碳密度影响因子(年均降雨量、年均气温)进行修正[23-25],得到2000—2020年建水县石漠化地区地上生物碳密度表、地下生物碳密度表和土壤碳密度表,如表2所示。修正公式为
CSP=3.968MAP+3 996.1
CBP=6.798e0.005 4MAP
CBT=28MAT+398
KBP= C ' B P C B P,KBT= C ' B T C B T
KB=KBPKBT= C ' B P C B P C ' B T C B T
KS=C'SP/C″SP
式中:MAP为年均降雨量,贵州、建水县分别为544.10、765 mm;MAT为贵州、建水县年均气温,分别是16.40、19.80 ℃;CSPCBP为根据年均降雨量得到的土壤碳密度和生物量碳密度;CBT分别为按照年均气温得到的生物量碳密度;KBPKBT分别为地上生物碳密度年均降雨量与年均气温修正系数;KB为地上生物修正系数;KS为土壤碳密度修正系数。
基于2020年的石漠化分级数据,在GEE中重新编写了石漠化分级代码,并将2030年的石漠化等级全部降低一个等级,即重度石漠化降为中度石漠化,中度石漠化降为轻度石漠化,轻度石漠化降为潜在石漠化,潜在石漠化降为无石漠化,从而对2030年的碳储量进行了较为粗略的预测。
地理探测器通过研究因变量空间分异性,可探讨因变量和自变量间的关系[26-27]。本研究使用地理探测器进行GDP、降雨量、坡度、坡向、气温、人口密度、土壤pH、土壤类型、植被类型和土地利用类型等影响因子对2020年研究区碳储量的影响分析,及因子的交互作用。
(1)因子影响力探测。以q值作为量化标准探测自变量对因变量的影响力大小[28],公式为
SSW= h = 1 LNh σ h 2
SST=N σ 2
q=1- S S W S S T
式中:h=1,2,…,L为影响因子X的分类或分层数目;NhN分别为因子Xh类的样本数与区域总样本数; σ h 2σ2分别为因子Xh类的方差与区域总方差;SSW为层内方差;SST为总体方差和;q为影响因子X对碳储量空间分异的解释力,q的值域为[0,1]。
(2)交互作用探测。交互式探测器用于确定不同影响因子之间是否存在交互作用[29],即评估X1X2的共同作用对不同因子的解释力是否增强或减弱或彼此独立,见表3
表4可知,2000—2020年,建水县整体以无石漠化和潜在石漠化为主,面积占比在75%~85%,已石漠化地区(轻度、中度、重度石漠化)面积相对较少,呈先增后减趋势。21年间,无石漠化面积增加21 km2,已石漠化面积整体减少115 km2。其中,轻度石漠化面积占比始终大于10%,中度石漠化面积在4%~10%,而重度石漠化面积占比始终小于0.6%,表明建水县石漠化主要以轻度、中度石漠化为主。
图1可知,2000—2020年,轻度石漠化、中度石漠化和重度石漠化普遍分布在建水县中部,而北部、南部石漠化程度较轻,这是由于中部地区人口密度远高于全县,经济发达,交通便利和人口众多,植被破坏严重[30]。2000—2010年,北部增加少量中度、重度石漠化面积,而中、南部中度石漠化面积大量增加,因为期间植被增长速率较低[31],且中、南部地区火灾频发,加剧林地水土流失,土壤瘠薄,植被恢复难,形成严重的生态灾难,导致该区域石漠化加剧[30]。2010—2020年,北部、中部和南部地区中度、重度石漠化面积均明显减少,转化为潜在石漠化、无石漠化,这是由于2015年以后国家协调平衡经济发展与生态保护,大力加强石漠化综合治理,有效减缓了石漠化的发展[30]
图2可知,基于InVEST模型估算建水县2000年、2010年、2020年总碳储量分别为116.293、113.310、118.363 t,21年间总体水平较为稳定,呈先减后增趋势,碳汇为2.070 t。由表5可知,无石漠化和潜在石漠化地区碳储量分别约占研究区总碳储量的60%和15%,且21年间它们的变化量大,碳汇潜力强。而轻度石漠化、中度石漠化和重度石漠化等级碳储量占总量的比例低,碳汇量均为负值。
研究初步设定研究区在石漠化治理下未来石漠化等级降低,预测2030年碳储量为129.981 t,碳汇潜力达到11.618 t,主要由无石漠化地区碳汇实现。
图3可知,2000—2030年,建水县碳储量高值区域集中分布在北部、南部,低值区域主要分布在中部,这是由于中部地区石漠化较为严重。其中,2000—2010年中部地区固碳能力弱,碳储量较低,2010—2020年碳储量高值区域明显增加。21年间,北部地区碳储量呈先减后增趋势,而南部地区碳储量无明显变化。预计2030年,随石漠化治理政策推动,北部、南部地区碳储量增加,中部地区较2020年增加大量碳储量低值区域和高值区域。
通过探测器计算各影响因子的影响力从大到小依次为:气温(q=0.672)>降雨量(q=0.603)>人口密度(q=0.477)>土壤pH(q=0.381)>植被类型(q=0.328)>坡度(q=0.310)>坡向(q=0.279)>土壤类型(q=0.278)>GDP(q=0.200)>土地利用类型(q=0.150)。其中,气温的q值最大,达到0.672,解释力在60%以上,反映出气温是影响碳储量变化的主要因子。由表6可知,研究区前五位的交互因子组合的q值均高于单一因子的q值,并且这些交互作用均表现出非线性增强或双因子增强的关系。2020年交互作用影响q值大于0.99的有降雨量∩气温(q=0.995)、坡度∩气温(q=0.998)、坡向∩坡度和坡向∩植被类型(q=0.991),其中交互作用最强的是坡度∩气温(q=0.998)。综合来看,单因子解释力最大的气温在与其他因子的交互作用下,对碳储量变化的影响有着明显的增强。
石漠化会导致土地生产力下降、水土流失加剧以及生态系统退化。研究结果表明2000—2020年,建水县的石漠化整体呈改善趋势,尤其是中度石漠化和重度石漠化面积显著减少。这一现象与罗旭玲等[17]的研究结果相符,后者发现西南喀斯特地区在2000—2015年中度石漠化和重度石漠化面积也有所减少。这一改善与近年来当地政府加强生态环境保护以及实施石漠化治理工程密切相关。然而,尽管总体情况有所好转,建水县中部地区由于人口密度较高和经济活动频繁,石漠化问题仍然相对突出,这与张清等的研究结果一致[30]
基于InVEST模型,估算了建水县2000年、2010年、2020年和2030年的碳储量。结果表明,碳储量总体呈现出先减少后增加的趋势,这与李俊等的研究发现昆明市2000—2030年总碳储量同样呈现此趋势一致[31]。这一现象与石漠化治理措施的实施及植被覆盖度的提高密切相关,尤其是在无石漠化和潜在石漠化地区,碳储量显著增加,显示出较强的固碳潜力。此外,在空间分布上,碳储量高值区域主要集中在北部和南部,而中部地区由于石漠化严重,碳储量较低,这一现象与刘洋等的研究结果一致,后者指出疏勒河流域的土地利用类型受到人为活动、自然因素和社会因素的影响,导致碳储量在空间上存在不同的分布状态[32]
基于此,研究还根据各等级石漠化降低一级的情景,初步预测到2030年,建水县的碳储量将继续增加,特别是在北部地区和南部地区。通过定量分析,本研究提供了建水县在不同石漠化等级下碳储量变化的具体数据,进一步表明石漠化治理[33]和生态恢复[7-8]能够显著提高碳储量,为进一步研究西南地区石漠化治理的碳效应提供了科学依据,强调了有效治理措施在提高区域碳储量方面的重要性。2000—2020年,建水县石漠化地区的碳储量受社会经济因素和自然地理因素的影响,呈现出南部、北部、东部、西部及中部分布不均的现象,这与许进龙等研究发现的滇桂黔石漠化片区生态系统碳储量波动下降趋势相一致,该研究表明,碳储量受自然地理和社会经济多重因素的影响,其空间分布特征呈现西南较高、南部次之、北部较低的特点[34]。本研究对2030年研究区碳储量的预测仅通过石漠化等级变化进行粗略估算,因此未考虑未来气温的影响。在未来研究中,可结合具体气候模式,考虑主要影响因子的变化,以提高碳储量的估算精度。
基于InVEST模型对典型石漠化地区建水县碳储量进行估算和分析,并探讨其影响因子,得到以下结论。
(1)建水县整体石漠化程度较轻,主要以无石漠化、潜在石漠化为主,达70%以上。已石漠化地区多以轻度、中度石漠化面积为主,其中,中度石漠化和轻度石漠化面积占比大于90%,重度石漠化小于5%。2000—2020年,建水县石漠化整体得到改善,已石漠化地区总面积减少115 km2,无石漠化面积增加21 km2,呈现先增加后减少趋势其中中部地区和南部地区变化明显。
(2)2000年、2010年、2020年建水县碳储量分别为116.294、113.311、118.363 t,总体水平较为稳定,21年间碳汇量为2.068 t;初步预测2030年的碳储量为129.980 t,碳汇潜力达11.618 t。
(3)2000—2030年,建水县碳储量高值区域主要分布在北部、南部,中部存在少量低值区域。2000—2010年北部地区碳储量有所减少,南部、中部则增加;2010—2020年北部、中部和南部碳储量均明显增加,2030年北部、南部有望新增碳储量高值区域,中部地区较2020年新增少量碳储量低值区域。
(4)气温(q=0.672)是影响碳储量变化的主要因子;交互作用最强的组合是坡度∩气温(q=0.998),坡度和气温等因子共同影响建水县碳储量的变化。两种影响因子的交互作用q值均大于单因子作用的q值,说明这些因子的组合具有较强的交互作用,表现为非线性增强或双因子增强关系。
  • 云南省兴滇英才支持计划青年人才项目(XDYC-QNRC-2022-0251)
  • 云南省农业基础研究联合专项(2018FG001-065)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406012
  • 接收时间:2024-08-10
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-05-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-10
  • 修回日期:2024-11-24
基金
云南省兴滇英才支持计划青年人才项目(XDYC-QNRC-2022-0251)
云南省农业基础研究联合专项(2018FG001-065)
作者信息
    1 西南林业大学林学院, 昆明 650224
    2 四川省林业和草原调查规划院, 成都 610084
    3 云南省山地农村生态环境演变与污染治理重点实验室, 昆明 650224

通讯作者:

* 殷晓洁(1984—),女,汉族,河北石家庄人,博士,副教授。研究方向:石漠化生态系统变化、全球生态系统。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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