Article(id=1149768939011489888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768937925165147, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405719, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1722268800000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-30, revisedDate=1732377600000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752055876734, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1748361600000, pubDateStr=2025-05-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752055876734, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752055876734, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752055876734, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149768937925165147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='15', pageStart='6155', pageEnd='6586', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752055876475, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456822194, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559490207699090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768937925165147, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559490211893395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768937925165147, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=6268, endPage=6274, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149768939351228514, articleId=1149768939011489888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Design of Dynamic System Parameters of Extended Range Hybrid Caragana Harvester, columnId=1156262738117649382, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Agricultural Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Caragana is the main wind-breaking and sand-fixing vegetation in Inner Mongolia, with a wide planting area and a large area. There is a great demand for harvesting machine in the stubble and harvesting of caragana. Aiming at the problems of high fuel consumption and heavy pollution of traditional caragana harvester, the maximum speed, maximum gradient and pure electric driving range of the extended range hybrid caragana harvester designed by our research group were used as the objective functions to design the dynamic parameters. Firstly, according to the design parameters and performance requirements of the whole machine, the parameters of the range extender, drive motor and battery of the harvester were designed. Combined with the actual working parameters, AVL/Cruise software was used to simulate and find the optimal solution of the overall performance index. Combined with the actual working parameters, AVL/Cruise software was used to simulate and find the optimal solution of the overall performance index. The reasonableness of the simulation results is verified by the field test of the whole machine. Comparing the two results, it is found that the error of the maximum speed is 9.012% and the climbing error is 6.404%. The error of the two results is within the allowable range. The results show that the simulation model is reasonable and can provide reference for the optimization of dynamic parameters of the extended range hybrid Caragana harvester.

, correspAuthors=Chun-dong LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Li-ying CAO, Zhi-hong QU, Chun-dong LI, Xing ZHANG, Shang-wang ZHANG, Jia-ning ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149768960062702026, articleId=1149768939011489888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=增程式混合动力柠条收获机动力系统参数设计, columnId=1156262738235089896, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·农业科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

柠条是内蒙古地区主要的防风固沙植被,种植区域广、面积大。柠条平茬、收获对收获机的需求量大。针对传统柠条收获机油耗高、污染重的问题,以课题组设计的增程式混合动力柠条收获机的最高车速、最大爬坡度和纯电动续驶里程为目标函数进行动力参数设计。首先依据整机设计参数及性能需求,进行了收获机增程器、驱动电机、电池的参数设计。结合实际作业工作参数运用AVL/Cruise软件进行仿真,寻找整机性能指标的最优解。通过整机现场试验验证仿真结果的合理性,对比二者结果知:最高车速的误差为9.012%,爬坡度误差为6.404%;两种结果误差在允许范围内。研究表明仿真模型的合理性,可为后续增程式混合动力柠条收获机动力参数优化提供参考。

, correspAuthors=李春东, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 李春东(1981—),男,汉族,内蒙古赤峰人,高级工程师。研究方向:特种车辆整体技术、农业机械智能化。E-mail:
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曹丽英(1980—),女,汉族,内蒙古呼和浩特人,博士,教授。研究方向:农业及矿用机电系统集成技术。E-mail:

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曹丽英(1980—),女,汉族,内蒙古呼和浩特人,博士,教授。研究方向:农业及矿用机电系统集成技术。E-mail:

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曹丽英(1980—),女,汉族,内蒙古呼和浩特人,博士,教授。研究方向:农业及矿用机电系统集成技术。E-mail:

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figureFileSmall=B800VeX7NJe8Wv8/7mB4HA==, figureFileBig=9iFLkO7Fx4NCeAPpn+pDQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172924223577277063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768939011489888, language=CN, label=图9, caption=纯电动续驶里程仿真结果, figureFileSmall=B800VeX7NJe8Wv8/7mB4HA==, figureFileBig=9iFLkO7Fx4NCeAPpn+pDQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172924223640191624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768939011489888, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic parameters of the caragana harvester

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参数 数值
整机质量m0/kg 8 000
满载质量m/kg 10 000
驱动轮半径r/mm 0.645
主减速器速比i0 3.92
风阻系数CD 0.3
迎风面积A/mm2 4.5
滚动阻力系数f 0.1
传动系效率ηt 0.92
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柠条收获机基本参数

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参数 数值
整机质量m0/kg 8 000
满载质量m/kg 10 000
驱动轮半径r/mm 0.645
主减速器速比i0 3.92
风阻系数CD 0.3
迎风面积A/mm2 4.5
滚动阻力系数f 0.1
传动系效率ηt 0.92
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Overall performance indicators

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参数 数值
最高车速 v m a x /(km·h-1) ≥30
5 km/h的爬坡度α/% ≥25
纯电动续驶里程S/km 5
), ArticleFig(id=1172924223828935307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768939011489888, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

整机性能指标

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参数 数值
最高车速 v m a x /(km·h-1) ≥30
5 km/h的爬坡度α/% ≥25
纯电动续驶里程S/km 5
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The driving motor basic parameters

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参数 数值
额定功率Pme/kW 62.5
峰值功率Pm/kW 125
额定扭矩Tme/(N·m) 175
最大扭矩Tm/(N·m) 410
额定转速nme/(r·min-1) 3 000
最高转速nmax/(r·min-1) 6 000
额定电压/V 540
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驱动电机选型参数

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参数 数值
额定功率Pme/kW 62.5
峰值功率Pm/kW 125
额定扭矩Tme/(N·m) 175
最大扭矩Tm/(N·m) 410
额定转速nme/(r·min-1) 3 000
最高转速nmax/(r·min-1) 6 000
额定电压/V 540
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Power batteries parameters

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电池能量
W/(kW·h)
单体电池数量 电池组电压
U/V
电池组容量
C/(A·h)
19 150 540 40
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动力电池选型参数

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电池能量
W/(kW·h)
单体电池数量 电池组电压
U/V
电池组容量
C/(A·h)
19 150 540 40
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Engine specification

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额定功率Pe/kW 峰值转速n/(r·min-1) 排量L
129 2 200 4.837
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发动机选型参数

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额定功率Pe/kW 峰值转速n/(r·min-1) 排量L
129 2 200 4.837
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Generator parameters

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额定功率
Pge/kW
额定转速n/
(r·min-1)
峰值功率
Pg/kW
最高转速nmax/
(r·min-1)
100 1 500 137 3 000
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发电机选型参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
额定功率
Pge/kW
额定转速n/
(r·min-1)
峰值功率
Pg/kW
最高转速nmax/
(r·min-1)
100 1 500 137 3 000
), ArticleFig(id=1172924224571327124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768939011489888, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

The maximum speed of the caragana harvester

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试验数据 1 2 3 4 5
车速/(km·h-1) 30.509 30.622 30.614 30.597 30.614
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柠条收获机最高车速

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试验数据 1 2 3 4 5
车速/(km·h-1) 30.509 30.622 30.614 30.597 30.614
), ArticleFig(id=1172924224709739158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768939011489888, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Climbing

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试验数据 1 2 3 4 5
坡度/% 30.500 26.000 28.000 24.000 29.000
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爬坡度

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试验数据 1 2 3 4 5
坡度/% 30.500 26.000 28.000 24.000 29.000
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增程式混合动力柠条收获机动力系统参数设计
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曹丽英 1 , 渠志宏 1 , 李春东 2, * , 张星 1 , 张上旺 1 , 张家宁 1
科学技术与工程 | 论文·农业科学 2025,25(15): 6268-6274
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·农业科学 2025, 25(15): 6268-6274
增程式混合动力柠条收获机动力系统参数设计
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曹丽英1 , 渠志宏1, 李春东2, * , 张星1, 张上旺1, 张家宁1
作者信息
  • 1 内蒙古科技大学机械工程学院, 包头 014010
  • 2 内蒙古科技大学工程训练中心, 包头 014010
  • 曹丽英(1980—),女,汉族,内蒙古呼和浩特人,博士,教授。研究方向:农业及矿用机电系统集成技术。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 李春东(1981—),男,汉族,内蒙古赤峰人,高级工程师。研究方向:特种车辆整体技术、农业机械智能化。E-mail:
Design of Dynamic System Parameters of Extended Range Hybrid Caragana Harvester
Li-ying CAO1 , Zhi-hong QU1, Chun-dong LI2, * , Xing ZHANG1, Shang-wang ZHANG1, Jia-ning ZHANG1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
  • 2 Engineering Tranining Cennter of Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
出版时间: 2025-05-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405719
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柠条是内蒙古地区主要的防风固沙植被,种植区域广、面积大。柠条平茬、收获对收获机的需求量大。针对传统柠条收获机油耗高、污染重的问题,以课题组设计的增程式混合动力柠条收获机的最高车速、最大爬坡度和纯电动续驶里程为目标函数进行动力参数设计。首先依据整机设计参数及性能需求,进行了收获机增程器、驱动电机、电池的参数设计。结合实际作业工作参数运用AVL/Cruise软件进行仿真,寻找整机性能指标的最优解。通过整机现场试验验证仿真结果的合理性,对比二者结果知:最高车速的误差为9.012%,爬坡度误差为6.404%;两种结果误差在允许范围内。研究表明仿真模型的合理性,可为后续增程式混合动力柠条收获机动力参数优化提供参考。

混合动力  /  柠条收获机  /  Cruise仿真  /  参数匹配

Caragana is the main wind-breaking and sand-fixing vegetation in Inner Mongolia, with a wide planting area and a large area. There is a great demand for harvesting machine in the stubble and harvesting of caragana. Aiming at the problems of high fuel consumption and heavy pollution of traditional caragana harvester, the maximum speed, maximum gradient and pure electric driving range of the extended range hybrid caragana harvester designed by our research group were used as the objective functions to design the dynamic parameters. Firstly, according to the design parameters and performance requirements of the whole machine, the parameters of the range extender, drive motor and battery of the harvester were designed. Combined with the actual working parameters, AVL/Cruise software was used to simulate and find the optimal solution of the overall performance index. Combined with the actual working parameters, AVL/Cruise software was used to simulate and find the optimal solution of the overall performance index. The reasonableness of the simulation results is verified by the field test of the whole machine. Comparing the two results, it is found that the error of the maximum speed is 9.012% and the climbing error is 6.404%. The error of the two results is within the allowable range. The results show that the simulation model is reasonable and can provide reference for the optimization of dynamic parameters of the extended range hybrid Caragana harvester.

hybrid  /  caragana harvester  /  Cruise simulation  /  parameter matching
曹丽英, 渠志宏, 李春东, 张星, 张上旺, 张家宁. 增程式混合动力柠条收获机动力系统参数设计. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (15) : 6268 -6274 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405719
Li-ying CAO, Zhi-hong QU, Chun-dong LI, Xing ZHANG, Shang-wang ZHANG, Jia-ning ZHANG. Design of Dynamic System Parameters of Extended Range Hybrid Caragana Harvester[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (15) : 6268 -6274 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405719
为了防治内蒙古地区土地沙漠化[1],在鄂尔多斯、乌兰察布、包头、乌海等12个盟市90个旗县广泛种植柠条,2022年种植面积达6 227.9(1亩=666.67 m2),柠条收获机的需求量日益增加。传统柠条收获机主要以柴油机为动力[2],在作业时,由于地形不平整,负载不稳定,会引起柴油机输出功率不稳定,偏离经济节油区,导致燃油消耗高、污染重。为解决传统柠条收机能耗高的问题,在保证续航里程的情况下,采用以电机驱动的增程式混合动力系统代替传统柴油机驱动。与传统柠条收获机动力系统相比,这种设计有助于提高动力性能、降低能耗和排放。增程式混合动力系统[3]包括增程器(发动机和发电机)、驱动电机及动力蓄电池;而三者的参数匹配[4]是保证动力系统优良性能的关键。
目前,增程式电动汽车的参数匹配过程主要包括以下几个步骤:首先,确定研究的目标车型并收集整车的基本参数;接着,明确关键部件的类型和参数;然后,建立整车模型并进行仿真分析;最后,选择优化变量和目标函数,以实现最佳的整车性能。Wang等[5]以混合动力汽车为研究对象,采用正交试验融合Cruise软件相结合的混合动力总成匹配方法。此方法减少传统电力系统匹配工作量,为动力系统匹配与优化提供一定的参考。Fu等[6]根据整车基本参数和性能指标,提出了一种基于多目标优化的混合动力汽车动力总成系统参数匹配优化方法来降低油耗和排放。王鲁闽等[7]针对动力性、经济性需求问题,设计了串联式搅拌车混合动力系统。基于C-WTVC(world transient vehicle cycle)循环工况仿真分析,较于传统柴油机动力搅拌车,节油率达到21.4%。李永亮等[8]针对增程式电动汽车动力系统参数匹配问题,提出了基于典型工况统计分析的匹配设计方法。运用粒子群算法对控制参数进行了多目标优化,百公里综合油耗下降7.2%,平均充电电流下降3.1%,提高了整车性能和电池使用寿命。钟勇等[9]针对传统规则能量管理策略在应对增程式汽车多变行驶工况上的局限性,应用Isight软件对发动机工作点参数优化,优化结果表明,NEDC(new European driving cycle)工况、WLTC(world light-duty vehicle test cycle)工况、混合工况的百公里油耗分别降低3.51%、7.3%、8.5%,为增程式汽车定点控制策略优化提供了一种新方法。
综合上述研究方法,以增程式混合动力柠条收获机为研究对象,以整机动力性和续航里程为设计目标,完成对动力系统中增程器、驱动电机和蓄电池的参数设计。
整机以动力电池为主要动力源,增程器作为辅助动力源,动力通过驱动电机传递到减速器,再通过驱动桥传递到轮胎,如图1所示。集成式电驱动桥采用集体式布置,可将电机与车桥联接并布置在底盘上,该布置方式具有零部件数量少、传动效率高的优点。
本文中柠条收获机整机质量、风阻系数等基本设计参数如表1所示,动力性和经济性等性能指标如表2所示。
采用永磁同步直流电机[10],该驱动电机具有效率高、体积小、寿命长、可靠性高且维护成本低等优点,在新能源车辆中广泛应用[11]。驱动电机的功率必须满足整机性能要求,其峰值功率一般由最高车速、爬坡度、匀速行驶性能参数确定[12]。最高车速vmax对应的峰值功率为Pm1,最大爬坡工况αmax对应的峰值功率为Pm2,具体计算公式为
P= F v 3600 η t
F=mgfi+mgf+ C D A v m a x 2 21.15
Pm1 v m a x 3600 η t m g f + C D A v m a x 2 21.15
Pm2= v i 3600 η t(mgfcosα+mgsinα)
式中:F为牵引力;i为道路坡度;v为行驶速度;ηt为驱动效率;g为重力加速度,g=9.8 m/s2;vi为整机爬坡车速;α为坡角。
α=0°,且最高车速vmax=30 km/h时,计算得Pm1≥89.289 kW。
vi=5.0 km/h,且坡度α°=16.5°;忽略空气阻力,计算得Pm2≥18.390 kW。
计算得到最高车速-峰值功率曲线、最大爬坡度-峰值功率曲线,如图2所示。
由此知峰值功率须满足关系式
Pm≥max(Pm1,Pm2)
考虑到整机行驶在某些复杂道路导致需求功率增大的因素,需驱动电机提供后备功率,所以将驱动电机峰值功率确定为125 kW。
P m e≥max P m 1 , P m λ
式(6)中:Pme为驱动电机额定功率;λ为电机过载系数,若λ=2,得Pme=62.5 kW。
nmax= 60 v m a x i 3.6 × 2 π r
式(7)中:nmax为电机最高转速。将表1表2中参数代入式(7),计算得nmax=6 000 r/min。
nme= n m a x β
式(8)中:nme为额定转速;β为扩大恒功率系数,若β=2,得电机额定转速nme=3 000 r/min。
考虑到收获机作业速度较低,电机选型为中速永磁同步电机,基本参数如表3所示。
根据驱动电机的额定电压,电池组电压设定为540 V。同时,考虑电池放电效率ηd1=90%以及驱动电机及控制器的运行效率ηd2=98%,可以计算出所需的动力电池功率Pl
Pl= P m η d 1 η d 2
计算得:Pl=141.723 kW。
采用等速法,即根据收获机满载等速v=5 km/h行驶时的续航里程计算动力电池组的总能量W和额定容量C
W P v S ( S O C 1 - S O C 2 ) η t η d 2 v
C m g f S 3.6 U η m c η d 1 η d 2 η t
式中:SOC1为动力电池初始容量,SOC1=100%;SOC2为动力电池末容量,SOC2=10%;pvvb=5 km/h时的功率。动力电池组电压U=540 V;续驶里程S=5 km,动力电池放电深度ηmc=90%。计算得W≥18.638 kW·h,C≥34.440 A·h。
为满足上述参数要求,选磷酸铁锂LiFePO4电池组,其单体电压为3.6 V,基本参数如表4所示。
发动机功率设计原则是:在兼顾发动机效率的情况下,发动机输出功率不小于驱动电机和附件的功率和[13],最高车速时发动机额定输出功率计算公式为
Pe v m a x 3600 η t η g m g f + C D A v m a x 2 21.15
式(12)中:ηg为发电机效率,ηg=0.93;计算得Pe≥99.987 2 kW,考虑整机附属电气设备消耗功率等因素,选用四缸发动机额定功率为129 kW,峰值转速为2 200 r/min(表5)。
在结构上,发动机与发电机直连,因此二者的工作转速及机械输出功率须保持一致,以满足可靠性、稳定性要求。计算得发电机额定功率为Pge=Peηg=100 kW。发电机选型参数如表6所示。
基于部件参数匹配,合理试验数据以优化动力系统模型。为提升发动机效能,选定的高效区功率须高于常用工作点效率预测,避免功率过低导致的高负荷低效运行。同时,过大功率加剧成本及空间负担。因此,合理确定发动机功率,是平衡性能与经济性的关键。其中驱动电机效率、发电机效率以及发动机万有特性曲线如图3所示。
基于AVL/Cruise建立整机动力系统[14]模型如图4所示。
采用恒温式能量管理策略[15],该策略是通过SOC值控制增程器的启停。当SOC低于设定启动阈值时,增程器启动,发动机在预定的工作点以恒定功率运行;当SOC达到停机阈值时,增程器关闭。工作点根据MAP图设置在发动机最佳燃油效率区间,确保发动机持续在高效状态下工作,油耗维持在198 g/(kW·h),处于高效区间。通过Cruise软件中Function模块搭建恒温控制策略[15]
收获机工况[16]分别由非作业工况和作业工况组成。如图5所示,0~800 s为非作业阶段;800~1 100 s为柠条收获机单程作业阶段,包括加速、速度波动和减速阶段;1 100~1 180 s为柠条收获机掉头阶段,1 180~1 430 s为柠条收获机返程作业阶段,如此往复直至完成整片土地的收获作业。
动力电池SOC初始值越高,直接影响到续驶里程。为方便研究在增程模式下系统的效能,可将初始SOC值设定为一个相对较低值,而SOC上限值则由特定策略决定,下限值则是由电池固有功能决定,以避免SOC过低使电池的内阻增加,从而减低放电效能,所以SOC下限值不低于某一特定值。根据本文中得到的电池特性数据,设置控制参数SOC为20%~60%,选择发动机工作效率较高的转速1 700 r/min、扭矩600 N·m处,在实际工况下进行仿真,以确定前文设计参数是否符合实际工况要求。
仿真结果如图6所示。在0~300 s内,整机动力须由动力电池提供,电池电量不断减少。在300~800 s期间,SOC达到20%后,增程系统开启,发动机-发电机组输出功率跟随整机需求功率。在800 s后,增程器关闭。这一过程说明恒温控制策略可行。
最高车速是衡量柠条收获机动力性的一项重要指标,仿真得到柠条收获机最高车速为33.621 km/h,如图7所示。满足最高车速≥30 km/h的设计要求。
图8可知,整机最大爬坡度为25.845%,满足最大爬坡度≥25%的设计要求;爬坡车速为5 km/h对应的爬坡度为25.680%,满足整机在25%坡度上爬坡时的速度≥5 km/h的设计要求。
动力电池荷电状态(SOC)上下限分别设置为90%、20%,纯电动续驶里程仿真结果如图9所示。在0~800 s期间,续驶里程随着车速上升,续驶里程为4.1 km,0~1 440 s期间,续驶里程为4.880 km,满足纯电动模式下里程数的设计要求。
在路面平直、坚实,跑道长150~250 m,路基宽不小于10 m;跑道纵向坡道不大于百分之一[17],收获机以最高车速通过测试段,用秒表记录柠条收获机通过测试区域时间和观察驾驶员车速表的方法直接测量整车,重复5次,均在满载条件下进行,以精确测定并获取其最高速度数据。如表7所示。
表7可知:实车测试中在满载载荷状态下的试验平均值为30.591 km/h,通过仿真的结果为33.621 km/h,仿真值与试验值误差为9.012%。在满载载荷下的最高车速与仿真结果误差较小,进一步验证了Cruise软件对整机仿真的可靠性。
在常温地区,风速不超过3.3 m/s,同等坡度纵坡道长不少于25 m,宽不少于5 m和同等坡度侧坡坡道长不少于50 m,宽不少于6 m条件下,使整机对正试验近似25%纵坡和测坡,车首向上以5 km/h速度驶入坡道,试验进行五次,顺利通过不少于2次,记录车辆状态和通过情况,如表8所示。
实验得在满载下整机平均爬坡度为27.500%;实车测试与仿真结果误差为6.404%。验证了仿真结果的可靠性,并且参数设计满足性能需求。
针对现有柠条收获机设计了一种增程式混合动力系统,完成了其增程器、驱动电机、动力电池的选型设计和参数匹配,并在Cruiser仿真平台上建立了整机模型,结合现场试验得到如下结论。
(1)通过实际工况统计分析,更好地考虑了实际工况对整机匹配的影响,从而提高了整机设计的工况适应性。
(2)通过整机现场试验仿真结果得出:最高速度仿真结果为33.621 km,现场试验为30.591 km/h,仿真值与试验值误差为9.012%;最大爬坡度仿真结果为25.680%,现场试验为27.500%,仿真值与试验值误差为6.404%;结果表明,所设计的增程式混合动力柠条收获机的动力性和经济性更加满足整机性能指标要求。
  • 内蒙古科技大学基本科研业务费专项(2023QNJS045)
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2025年第25卷第15期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405719
  • 接收时间:2024-07-30
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-05-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-30
  • 修回日期:2024-11-24
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内蒙古科技大学基本科研业务费专项(2023QNJS045)
作者信息
    1 内蒙古科技大学机械工程学院, 包头 014010
    2 内蒙古科技大学工程训练中心, 包头 014010

通讯作者:

* 李春东(1981—),男,汉族,内蒙古赤峰人,高级工程师。研究方向:特种车辆整体技术、农业机械智能化。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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