Article(id=1149768571397521909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768563956826506, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404769, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1719244800000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-25, revisedDate=1741276800000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752055789087, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1749312000000, pubDateStr=2025-06-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752055789087, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752055789087, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752055789087, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149768563956826506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='16', pageStart='6587', pageEnd='7021', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752055787314, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456850262, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559607937618069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768563956826506, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559607937618070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768563956826506, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=6760, endPage=6765, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149768571607237116, articleId=1149768571397521909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Effective Power and Power Recovery of Aviation Piston Engine, columnId=1156264600770302582, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Energy and Power Engineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A calculation method of effective power based on heat transfer mathematical simulation of intercooling system was proposed for an aviation piston engine, and the heat transfer simulation model of the intercooling system was developed with VB language. The validity of the simulation model was verified by the test data. The results show that the errors between the simulation values and the test values of the intercooler cold side outlet temperature and the hot side outlet temperature are within 1.5%. Using the simulation model, the influence of fan air flow on the effective power of the aviation piston engine was studied, and the air effective power recovery was studied. The results show that with the increase of fan air volume, the amplification of fan power increases, while the amplification of engine power decreases. Under the combined effect of the two, the effective power of the engine first increases and then decreases with the increase of fan air volume. For the aviation piston engine studied, when the fan air volume is 1 400 m3/h, the effective power of the engine reaches the maximum, which is 101.6 kW. When the flight altitude is below 2 000 m, the engine effective power recovery coefficient increases slightly with the increase of flight altitude, and when the flight altitude is above 2 000 m, the engine effective power decreases significantly with the increase of flight altitude. Under the condition of 50 ℃ at sea level, the effective power recovery coefficient of the engine at 7 000 m is only 92.2%.

, correspAuthors=Zhan-yong WEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhan-yong WEN, Ya-ming TIAN, Peng-hui SUN, Wei-dong ZHAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149768582902497310, articleId=1149768571397521909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=航空活塞发动机有效功率及空中功率恢复研究, columnId=1156264600912908920, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·能源与动力工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对某型航空活塞发动机提出一种基于中冷系统传热数学仿真的有效功率计算方法,并应用VB语言对该中冷系统传热仿真模型进行开发。通过试验数据对仿真模型的有效性进行验证。结果表明:中冷器冷侧出口温度、热侧出口温度的仿真计算值与试验值误差均在1.5%以内。利用该仿真模型,研究了风扇风量对航空活塞发动机有效功率的影响,并对空中有效功率恢复进行研究。结果表明:随着风扇风量的增加,风扇功率增幅变大,而发动机功率增幅降低。在二者的综合作用下,发动机有效功率随着风扇风量的增加先升高后下降。对于所研究的航空活塞发动机,当风扇风量为1 400 m3/h时,发动机有效功率达到最大,其最大值为101.6 kW。当飞行高度在2 000 m以下时,随着飞行高度的升高,发动机有效功率恢复系数小幅增加,当飞行高度在2 000 m以上时,发动机有效功率随着飞行高度的增加大幅降低。在海平面环境为50 ℃条件下,在7 000 m高度即便维持稳压箱压力不变,发动机有效功率恢复系数仅能达到92.2%。

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温占永(1986—),男,汉族,山东鄄城人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:中大型高空长航时无人机动力系统与燃油系统。E-mail:

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温占永(1986—),男,汉族,山东鄄城人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:中大型高空长航时无人机动力系统与燃油系统。E-mail:

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温占永(1986—),男,汉族,山东鄄城人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:中大型高空长航时无人机动力系统与燃油系统。E-mail:

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Keyword(id=1177979068344578406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768571397521909, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=稳压箱温度), Keyword(id=1177979068394910055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768571397521909, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=有效功率)], refs=[Reference(id=1177979070357844349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768571397521909, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=23, issue=34, pageStart=14873, pageEnd=14878, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=商立英, 张超, 徐声明, journalName=科学技术与工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=商立英, 张超, 徐声明, 等. 一种螺旋桨飞机滑流影响的极曲线确定方法[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2023, 23(34): 14873-14878., articleTitle=一种螺旋桨飞机滑流影响的极曲线确定方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1177979070416564606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768571397521909, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, 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ArticleFig(id=1177979069804196216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768571397521909, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Wind tunnel test parameters for intercoolers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 v/(m·s-1) qh/(kg·s-1) Tenv/℃ Th,in/℃
1 4.0 0.092 40.0 131.9
2 5.0 0.092 40.0 131.9
3 6.0 0.092 40.0 132.0
4 7.0 0.092 40.0 132.0
5 8.0 0.092 40.0 132.0
6 9.0 0.092 40.0 132.2
7 10.0 0.092 40.0 132.0
), ArticleFig(id=1177979069862916473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768571397521909, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

中冷器风洞试验参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 v/(m·s-1) qh/(kg·s-1) Tenv/℃ Th,in/℃
1 4.0 0.092 40.0 131.9
2 5.0 0.092 40.0 131.9
3 6.0 0.092 40.0 132.0
4 7.0 0.092 40.0 132.0
5 8.0 0.092 40.0 132.0
6 9.0 0.092 40.0 132.2
7 10.0 0.092 40.0 132.0
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Comparison of wind tunnel test data and simulation calculation data for intercoolers

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工况 Th,out/℃ Tc,out/℃
试验值 仿真值 误差/% 试验值 仿真值 误差/%
1 69.6 69.7 0.13 63.6 63.4 -0.30
2 66.3 66.5 0.19 60.6 59.9 -1.19
3 64.2 64.2 0.13 57.8 57.4 -0.63
4 62.3 62.7 0.57 55.3 55.4 0.06
5 60.9 61.0 0.20 53.7 53.9 0.30
6 59.8 59.9 0.19 52.4 52.6 0.41
7 58.8 58.9 0.18 51.1 51.5 0.82
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中冷器风洞试验数据与仿真计算数据的对比

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工况 Th,out/℃ Tc,out/℃
试验值 仿真值 误差/% 试验值 仿真值 误差/%
1 69.6 69.7 0.13 63.6 63.4 -0.30
2 66.3 66.5 0.19 60.6 59.9 -1.19
3 64.2 64.2 0.13 57.8 57.4 -0.63
4 62.3 62.7 0.57 55.3 55.4 0.06
5 60.9 61.0 0.20 53.7 53.9 0.30
6 59.8 59.9 0.19 52.4 52.6 0.41
7 58.8 58.9 0.18 51.1 51.5 0.82
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航空活塞发动机有效功率及空中功率恢复研究
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温占永 , 田亚明 , 孙鹏晖 , 赵韦东
科学技术与工程 | 论文·能源与动力工程 2025,25(16): 6760-6765
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·能源与动力工程 2025, 25(16): 6760-6765
航空活塞发动机有效功率及空中功率恢复研究
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温占永 , 田亚明, 孙鹏晖, 赵韦东
作者信息
  • 中国航天空气动力技术研究院彩虹无人机科技有限公司, 北京 100074
  • 温占永(1986—),男,汉族,山东鄄城人,硕士,高级工程师。研究方向:中大型高空长航时无人机动力系统与燃油系统。E-mail:

Effective Power and Power Recovery of Aviation Piston Engine
Zhan-yong WEN , Ya-ming TIAN, Peng-hui SUN, Wei-dong ZHAO
Affiliations
  • CH UAV Science & Technology Co. , Ltd. , China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics, Beijing 100074, China
出版时间: 2025-06-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404769
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针对某型航空活塞发动机提出一种基于中冷系统传热数学仿真的有效功率计算方法,并应用VB语言对该中冷系统传热仿真模型进行开发。通过试验数据对仿真模型的有效性进行验证。结果表明:中冷器冷侧出口温度、热侧出口温度的仿真计算值与试验值误差均在1.5%以内。利用该仿真模型,研究了风扇风量对航空活塞发动机有效功率的影响,并对空中有效功率恢复进行研究。结果表明:随着风扇风量的增加,风扇功率增幅变大,而发动机功率增幅降低。在二者的综合作用下,发动机有效功率随着风扇风量的增加先升高后下降。对于所研究的航空活塞发动机,当风扇风量为1 400 m3/h时,发动机有效功率达到最大,其最大值为101.6 kW。当飞行高度在2 000 m以下时,随着飞行高度的升高,发动机有效功率恢复系数小幅增加,当飞行高度在2 000 m以上时,发动机有效功率随着飞行高度的增加大幅降低。在海平面环境为50 ℃条件下,在7 000 m高度即便维持稳压箱压力不变,发动机有效功率恢复系数仅能达到92.2%。

航空活塞式发动机  /  中冷系统  /  电动风扇  /  稳压箱温度  /  有效功率

A calculation method of effective power based on heat transfer mathematical simulation of intercooling system was proposed for an aviation piston engine, and the heat transfer simulation model of the intercooling system was developed with VB language. The validity of the simulation model was verified by the test data. The results show that the errors between the simulation values and the test values of the intercooler cold side outlet temperature and the hot side outlet temperature are within 1.5%. Using the simulation model, the influence of fan air flow on the effective power of the aviation piston engine was studied, and the air effective power recovery was studied. The results show that with the increase of fan air volume, the amplification of fan power increases, while the amplification of engine power decreases. Under the combined effect of the two, the effective power of the engine first increases and then decreases with the increase of fan air volume. For the aviation piston engine studied, when the fan air volume is 1 400 m3/h, the effective power of the engine reaches the maximum, which is 101.6 kW. When the flight altitude is below 2 000 m, the engine effective power recovery coefficient increases slightly with the increase of flight altitude, and when the flight altitude is above 2 000 m, the engine effective power decreases significantly with the increase of flight altitude. Under the condition of 50 ℃ at sea level, the effective power recovery coefficient of the engine at 7 000 m is only 92.2%.

aviation piston engine  /  intercooling system  /  electric fan  /  surge tank temperature  /  effective power
温占永, 田亚明, 孙鹏晖, 赵韦东. 航空活塞发动机有效功率及空中功率恢复研究. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (16) : 6760 -6765 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404769
Zhan-yong WEN, Ya-ming TIAN, Peng-hui SUN, Wei-dong ZHAO. Effective Power and Power Recovery of Aviation Piston Engine[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (16) : 6760 -6765 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404769
航空活塞发动机具有质量轻、价格便宜、耗油率低、推进效率高等优点,被广泛用于中小型无人机[1-2]。航空活塞发动机作为容积式动力机械,其输出功率与进气充量成正比关系。对于涡轮增压式航空活塞发动机,在其临界增压高度以下涡轮增压器可以能够提升进入气缸的空气质量流量,使之接近海平面标准大气压下的水平。然而,经过增压之后的空气温度显著上升,不仅限制了充气效率的潜在提升空间,而且当高温空气未经冷却便直接参与燃烧时,可能导致发动机功率降低,同时增加了爆震发生的可能性[3-5]。为了提升进气充量和发动机功率,通常在增压器与发动机进气系统之间安装一套由电动驱动的风扇冷却装置,即空-空中冷器,旨在降低增压空气的温度并提高其密度。经过冷却的空气随后进入发动机的稳压箱。值得注意的是,飞机上电动风扇所需的电力来源于发动机轴功通过发电机转换而来。因此,扣除电动风扇功率消耗后剩余的发动机有效功率,才是评估整个动力系统性能的关键参数。为了使航空活塞发动机在空中有尽可能高的动力输出,有必要对影响其有效功率的因素及其空中有效功率恢复情况开展研究。
增压中冷系统作为航空活塞发动机的重要系统,对发动机功率恢复及可靠运行具有重要意义。张春成等[6]采用Flotherm热仿真软件,分别研究了翅片布局、散热器参数变化以及布置风机对散热器散热特性的影响。李胜等[7]基于中心复合设计方法和响应面方法,对空冷中冷器百叶窗翅片的几何结构参数进行试验设计与优化研究,研究了开窗角度、百叶间距、翅片间距等结构参数变化对中冷器性能的影响。马会明等[8]通过三维CFD仿真方法分析了翅片的结构参数对中冷器性能的敏感性,得到了不同厚度下的翅片换热效率和冷却空气的沿程阻力。现有研究多集中在面向结构参数对中冷器换热性能的影响及对发动机冷却系统传热性能[9-10],对直接影响发动机功率输出的增压中冷系统传热研究以及考虑电动风扇能量损耗的航空活塞发动机有效功率相关的研究鲜有报道。
鉴于此,针对某型航空活塞发动机提出一种基于中冷系统传热数学仿真的发动机有效功率计算方法,并应用VB语言对该中冷系统传热仿真模型进行开发。利用该仿真模型,研究风扇风量对航空活塞发动机有效功率的影响,并对该航空活塞发动机空中有效功率恢复进行研究,为中大型航空活塞发动机中冷系统设计及有效功率计算提供参考。
某航空活塞发动机增压中冷系统架构示意图如图1所示。来自外界的空气经涡轮增压器增压后进入中冷器,再经电动风扇驱动的冷却空气冷却后进入发动机稳压箱。为便于工程应用,对发动机中冷系统传热过程做出以下简化和假设:①将中冷器芯体、空气的温度参数视为集总参数;②忽略中冷器壁面的热传导;③忽略中冷管路与外界的换热。
增压器是增压中冷系统的重要部件。根据热力学原理,发动机进气在增压器中的压缩过程是按多变过程进行的。发动机进气经增压器增压后进入中冷器,中冷器热侧进口气体温度计算公式为
Th,in= ( π k - 1 k - 1 ) T e n v η c+Tenv
式(1)中:Tenv为发动机进气温度,即环境温度,K;ηc为压气机效率;k为多变指数,k=1.4;π为增压器增压比。
中冷器采用板翅式结构,其热侧为经涡轮增压后的增压空气,冷侧为冷却空气。增压空气在中冷器管路内部流动,经中冷器冷却后进入稳压箱,故中冷器热侧出口温度即稳压箱温度,而冷测空气与外界环境相通。
中冷器增压空气的热平衡方程为
chqh(Th,in-Th,out)+hhAh(Tr-Th,out)=0
式(2)中:ch为热侧气流比热容,J/(kg·K);qh为热侧气流质量流量,kg/s;Th,inTh,out分别为热侧气流进出口温度,K;hh为中冷器器芯体与热侧气流的对流换热系数,W/(m2·K);Tr为中冷器芯体温度,K;Ah为中冷器器芯体与热侧气流的对流换热面积,m2
流经中冷器的冷却气流的热平衡方程为
ccqc(Tenv-Tc,out)+hcAc(Tr-Tc,out)=0
式(3)中:cc为冷侧气流比热容,J/(kg·K);qc为冷侧气流质量流量,kg/s;Tenv为冷侧气流进口温度,即环境温度,K;Tc,out为冷侧气流出口温度,K;hc为中冷器器芯体与冷侧气流的对流换热系数,W/(m2·K);Ac为中冷器器芯体与冷侧气流的对流换热面积,m2
对于中冷器芯体,其热平衡方程为
crmr d T r d t=hhAh(Th,out-Tr)+hcAc(Tc,out-Tr)
式(4)中:cr为中冷器芯体的比热容,J/(kg·K);mr为中冷器芯体的质量,kg。
风扇安装在中冷器后面,是一款轴流式电动风扇。影响风扇风量的主要因素有风扇直径、转速、叶片数量及形状等因素[11]。根据风扇相似性原理,对于某一特定的电动风扇,风扇消耗的功率与风扇流量的立方成正比,与空气密度成正比[12]
P f P f 0= q v q v 0 3 ρ ρ 0
式(5)中:Pf为风扇消耗的功率,kW;qv为体积流量,m3/h;ρ为流经风扇的气体密度,kg/m3;ρ0qv0Pf0分别为在某一工况下流经风扇的气体密度、体积流量及风扇消耗的功率。
为评价风扇与发动机的匹配程度,定义无量纲数风扇功率系数ζf为风扇消耗功率与发动机功率之比,它的值越小,表明风扇与发动机的匹配程度越好。
ζf= P f P e
式(6)中:Pf为风扇功率,kW;Pe为发动机功率,kW。
对于所研究的涡轮增压式航空活塞发动机,发动机功率与稳压箱压力成正比,与稳压箱温度的平方根正反比。针对临界增压高度以下发动机功率及有效功率开展研究,在这种情况下稳压箱压力和设定压力相等,因此发动机功率仅与温度有关。
P e P e 0= p p 0 T 0 T
式(7)中:Pe为发动机功率,kW;p为稳压箱压力,kPa;T为稳压箱温度,K;p0T0Pe0分别为发动机在某一工况下的稳压箱压力、稳压箱温度及对应的发动机功率。
稳压箱温度和上文所述的中冷器热侧出口温度相等,即T=Th,out
由于对于所研究的动力系统,电动风扇的功耗源自发动机发电,故定义发动机有效功率为
P=Pe- P f η f
式(8)中:P为有效功率,kW;ηf为转换效率。
研究表明,当海拔高度H在0~11 km范围内时,海拔高度H处的大气温度、压力的计算公式分别为[13]
T'=T'0-0.006 5H
p'=p'0 ( 1 - 0.225577 × 10 - 4 H ) 5.25588
式中:T'为海拔高度H处的大气温度,K;T'0为海平面处的大气温度,K;H为海拔高度,m;p'为海拔高度H处的大气压力,Pa;p'0为海平面处的大气压力。
根据理想气体状态方程可得到空气密度为
ρair= p ' R g T '
式(11)中:Rg为空气比气体常数,Rg=287 J/(kg·K)。
根据文献[14]推导可知,散热器芯体与冷侧气流的对流换热系数的计算公式为
hc=Cλνnμ-n d e n - 1 ρ a i r n
式(12)中:Cn为与中冷器翅片形状结构相关的常数;de为换热通道的当量直径,m;λ为流经中冷器空气的导热系数,W/(m·K);ρair为流经中冷器空气的密度,m3;ν为流经中冷器空气的流速,m/s;μ为流经中冷器空气的动力黏度,Pa·s。
根据文献[15],空气的导热系数、动力黏度主要与温度有关,关系式为
λ=8×10-5T'+2×10-3
μ=5.1×10-8T'+3.223×10-6
为了计算发动机功率Pe,必须首先计算出稳压箱温度T,即中冷器热侧出口温度Th,out。发动机中冷系统传热计算流程如图2所示。根据飞行剖面确定外界环境温度、增压比、发动机进气流量、冷却空气质量流量、对流换热系数等仿真输入参数;应用VB语言采用4阶龙格-库塔法对式(1)~式(4)组成的方程组进行编程开发;初始化各节点参数,利用上述传热模型对稳压箱温度、中冷器冷侧出口气流温度等参数进行动态仿真计算。
为了验证中冷器热侧出口温度Th,out计算模型的准确性,在常温风洞内搭建中冷器性能测试平台,选取风速分别为4~10 m/s时的7种工况进行试验,中冷器风洞试验工况参数如表1所示。表2为中冷器性能参数的风洞试验数据与仿真计算数据的对比,可以看出,各工况点在平衡状态下中冷器热侧出口温度、冷侧出口温度的仿真计算结果与风洞试验结果误差均在1.5%以内。说明所开发的发动机中冷系统传热模型具有很高的可信度,可基于此模型开展进一步的仿真研究。
为了研究风扇风量对有效功率的影响,设定工作高度为0 m、环境温度为15 ℃、增压比为1.43和进气流量为0.13 kg/s。由图3可知,在风扇风量逐步提升的过程中,风扇消耗的功率随之增长,且功率的增长率亦呈现上升趋势。尽管如此,风扇功率系数的增长率相对较低。这一现象的原因在于,增大的风量增强了对发动机进气系统的冷却效果,从而降低了稳压箱的温度,进而使得发动机的输出功率得到了提升。由图4可知,发动机的有效功率并不会随风扇风量的无限增长而持续增加;事实上,它呈现出先增后降的趋势,在风扇风量达到1 400 m3/h时达到峰值,此时最大有效功率为101.6 kW。产生这一现象的原因在于:首先,对于特定型号的中冷风扇,在保持其他条件恒定的情况下,风扇能耗与风量的立方成正比。随着风量的增加,风扇消耗的功率也随之增加,且增长率逐渐增大。其次,当风扇风量超过某一临界点后,稳压箱温度的下降速度放缓,导致对发动机功率提升的贡献减弱。鉴于此,在选择中冷风扇时必须权衡这些因素,合理设定风扇风量参数,以优化发动机的有效功率。
为了研究发动机有效功率在空中的恢复情况,设定风扇风量为1 400 m3/h、稳压箱压力为145 kPa、进气流量为0.13 kg/s。设定海平面环境温度分别为20、30、40、50 ℃,各高度处的环境温度按照每升高1 000 m下降6.5 ℃设定。
定义有效功率系数为
η= P P o p t
式(15)中:P为空中发动机有效功率;Popt为在海平面标准天气条件下发动机有效功率的最优值,Popt=101.6 kW。
图5图6可知,随着飞行高度的上升,稳压温度经历先下降后显著上升的过程,与此同时,发动机功率也呈现先轻微上升后急剧下降的趋势。这背后的原因是,在低海拔飞行时,增压对稳压箱温度的影响较小,稳压箱温度主要受周围环境温度下降的影响。然而,当飞行高度超过2 000 m至临界增压高度时,增压比率开始显著影响稳压箱温度,随着增压比率的增加,稳压箱温度急剧上升。
图7可知,在维持风扇风量恒定的条件下,随着飞行高度的增高,空气密度减少导致风扇所需的输入功率相应降低,因而风扇功率系数呈现下降趋势。由图8可知,在不同温度环境下,发动机有效功率恢复系数受发动机和风扇功率共同影响。在飞行高度低于2 000 m时,该系数随高度的增加而略有提升;然而,一旦超过2 000 m,随着飞行高度的继续上升,该系数会显著下降。在海平面环境为50 ℃条件下,在7 000 m高空中即便采用涡轮增压技术能使稳压箱的压力保持在145 kPa,但发动机有效功率恢复系数只能达到92.2%。
(1)各工况点在平衡状态下中冷器热侧出口温度、冷侧出口温度的仿真计算结果与风洞试验结果误差均在1.5%以内,说明所开发的发动机中冷系统传热模型具有较高的可信度,可基于此模型开展进一步的仿真研究。
(2)随着风扇风量的增加,风扇功率增幅变大,而发动机功率增幅降低。在二者的综合作用下,发动机有效功率随着风扇风量的增加先升高后下降。在中冷器风扇选型过程中应注意这一折中关系,通过合理选配中冷器风扇风量参数,使发动机有效功率达到最佳水平。对于所研究的航空发动机,当风扇风量为1 400 m3/h时,发动机有效功率达到最大,其最大值为101.6 kW。
(3)对于所研究的航空发动机,其受发动机功率、风扇功率综合作用,当飞行高度在约2 000 m以下时,随着飞行高度的逐渐增加,发动机有效功率恢复系数小幅增加,当飞行高度在约2 000 m以上时,随着飞行高度的继续上升,该系数会显著下降。在海平面温度为50 ℃的条件下,即便在7 000 m的高度能够维持稳压箱压力不变,发动机的有效功率恢复系数也仅能达到92.2%。
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404769
  • 接收时间:2024-06-25
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-06-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-25
  • 修回日期:2025-03-07
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    中国航天空气动力技术研究院彩虹无人机科技有限公司, 北京 100074
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
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