Article(id=1149768570571240432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768563956826506, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406335, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724342400000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-23, revisedDate=1742400000000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752055788891, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1749312000000, pubDateStr=2025-06-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752055788891, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752055788891, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752055788891, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149768563956826506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='16', pageStart='6587', pageEnd='7021', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752055787314, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456850262, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559607937618069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768563956826506, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559607937618070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768563956826506, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=6742, endPage=6751, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149768570923561969, articleId=1149768570571240432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Design and Performance Analysis of a Particle Damping Inertial Capacity Shock Damper, columnId=1156262732765717457, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Mechanical and Instrumental Industry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The principle of particle damping energy consumption and inertial capacity efficiency increase are widely used in structural vibration reduction control. Based on the advantages of particle damping and inertial capacity, a particle damping inertial capacity shock damper (PID) was designed, which mainly contained particle damping unit, inertial mass unit and stiffness unit. Firstly, the working principle of PID was elaborated, the mechanical analysis model of single degree of freedom was established, a small PID mock-up was produced, a variety of working conditions were set up to test the mechanical properties of the PID. Then, the mechanical properties of PID were further explored by the combined simulation method of many-body dynamics software and discrete element software. Finally, to verify its engineering application value, dynamic time-course analysis of the damping structures configured with PID and tuned mass damper (TMD) by finite element structural analysis software SAP2000. The results show that PID has excellent damping performance, when the other conditions are certain, the energy consumption effect of PID increases with the increase of vibration displacement amplitude and vibration frequency. In the building structure, PID shows better damping than TMD, it has a high engineering application value.

, correspAuthors=Xian-jie WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xin WANG, Xian-jie WANG, Fei-yun ZHENG, Yong-dang CHEN, Yue TANG, De-jie HU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149768590611624711, articleId=1149768570571240432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=一种颗粒阻尼惯容减振器的设计与性能分析, columnId=1156262732954461139, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·机械、仪表工业, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

颗粒阻尼耗能原理和惯容增效原理在结构减振控制中得到了广泛应用,基于颗粒阻尼和惯容的优点设计一种颗粒阻尼惯容减振器(particle-damping inertial capacity shock damper,PID),其内部主要包含颗粒阻尼单元、惯性质量单元以及刚度单元。首先,阐述PID的工作原理,建立单自由度PID减振结构的力学分析模型;并制作一个小型PID实物模型,设置多种工况对PID进行力学性能测试;然后,利用多体动力学软件和离散元软件联合仿真的方法进一步对PID的力学性能进行探究;最后,为验证其工程应用价值,通过有限元结构分析软件SAP2000对配置PID和调谐质量阻尼器(tuned mass damper,TMD)的减振结构进行动力时程分析。结果表明:PID具有优良的减振性能,当其他条件一定时,PID耗能效果随着振动位移幅值和振动频率的增大而增大;在建筑结构中,PID表现出比TMD更佳的减振能力,具有较高的工程应用价值。

, correspAuthors=王宪杰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 王宪杰(1984—),男,汉族,河南许昌人,博士,副教授。研究方向:高性能减震阻尼器、抗震韧性。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=FOUwfg1/X+LHMDtY6d6L/g==, magXml=+7ihsb0B/NoR+ke1EoV2VA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=5uBNko51iK8JdxvOT9urqA==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=+BV54MBzBqFJBA9IpNqGTA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王鑫(1996—),男,汉族,四川成都人,硕士研究生。研究方向:结构振动控制。E-mail:

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王鑫(1996—),男,汉族,四川成都人,硕士研究生。研究方向:结构振动控制。E-mail:

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王鑫(1996—),男,汉族,四川成都人,硕士研究生。研究方向:结构振动控制。E-mail:

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Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 1982, 10(3): 381-401., articleTitle=Optimum absorber parameters for various combinations of response and excitation parameters, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1178036631035593548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768570571240432, awardId=52268037, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52268037), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1178036626061148918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768570571240432, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1178036626069537527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768570571240432, companyId=1178036626061148918, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 School of Architecture and Planning, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1178036626073731832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768570571240432, companyId=1178036626061148918, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 云南大学建筑与规划学院, 昆明 650500)]), AuthorCompany(id=1178036626140840697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768570571240432, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1178036626149229306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768570571240432, companyId=1178036626140840697, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Hubei Electric Power Planning, Design and Research Institute Co. , Ltd. , Wuhan 430040, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1178036626153423611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768570571240432, companyId=1178036626140840697, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 湖北省电力规划设计研究院有限公司, 武汉 430040)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1178036628275741474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768570571240432, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=PID internal construction diagram, figureFileSmall=7ow3IFpQ4EFrG2oVkmFFOA==, figureFileBig=fwxwoGDyz5akxUZOuOVB/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178036628351238947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768570571240432, language=CN, label=图1, caption=PID内部构造图, figureFileSmall=7ow3IFpQ4EFrG2oVkmFFOA==, figureFileBig=fwxwoGDyz5akxUZOuOVB/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178036628422542116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768570571240432, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Schematic diagram inside the drum, figureFileSmall=OgqSJJRu2p7qxu8lPG2OOA==, figureFileBig=wmtiJSOSkPnHq+i1J3I90g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178036628481262373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768570571240432, language=CN, label=图2, caption=滚筒内部示意图, figureFileSmall=OgqSJJRu2p7qxu8lPG2OOA==, figureFileBig=wmtiJSOSkPnHq+i1J3I90g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178036628544176934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768570571240432, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Calculate the schematic diagram, figureFileSmall=swJZjaf8eSwjWK7zhZXlbQ==, figureFileBig=t68x8Fe4ZjM0noVP3H47Jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178036628607091495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768570571240432, language=CN, label=图3, caption=计算简图

k为弹簧刚度;min为惯容系数;Fc为阻尼力;M为结构质量

, figureFileSmall=swJZjaf8eSwjWK7zhZXlbQ==, figureFileBig=t68x8Fe4ZjM0noVP3H47Jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178036628665811752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768570571240432, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Schematic diagram of the PID installation, figureFileSmall=Mm+i3hIBnX9rqIBUn1GHRA==, figureFileBig=6buUEukTLMfiDCCQsNahpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178036628732920617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768570571240432, language=CN, label=图4, caption=PID安装示意图, figureFileSmall=Mm+i3hIBnX9rqIBUn1GHRA==, figureFileBig=6buUEukTLMfiDCCQsNahpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178036628791640874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768570571240432, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Schematic diagram of the PID installation, figureFileSmall=5ykEln6uVkPuKcLSptIhuQ==, figureFileBig=eqoohYrHbNaFJeeqYphm/Q==, tableContent=null), 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articleId=1149768570571240432, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Stay curves at different frequencies with a displacement amplitude of 3, 6, 15 mm, figureFileSmall=ylp+WYYUDPYIA5NrDLwUNA==, figureFileBig=9ADOw42EhgDL6SPY1dXcfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178036629093630767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768570571240432, language=CN, label=图7, caption=位移幅值为3、6、15 mm时不同频率的滞回曲线, figureFileSmall=ylp+WYYUDPYIA5NrDLwUNA==, figureFileBig=9ADOw42EhgDL6SPY1dXcfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178036629160739632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768570571240432, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Delay-back curve of the fatigue test, figureFileSmall=8vkYtY/6YRnojC6tkWKZmA==, figureFileBig=yb0Fw0bnIUlMEeTFZ+9KUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178036629219459889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768570571240432, language=CN, label=图8, caption=疲劳试验滞回曲线, figureFileSmall=8vkYtY/6YRnojC6tkWKZmA==, figureFileBig=yb0Fw0bnIUlMEeTFZ+9KUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178036629278180146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768570571240432, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Spring diagram, figureFileSmall=CnIMczB+Hb/wepxI8Eeoqg==, figureFileBig=gACeqI/Fvfq8GgQToZGFXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178036629332706099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768570571240432, language=CN, label=图9, caption=弹簧示意图, figureFileSmall=CnIMczB+Hb/wepxI8Eeoqg==, figureFileBig=gACeqI/Fvfq8GgQToZGFXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178036629387232052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768570571240432, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Stay curves, figureFileSmall=fcIT4ztgzkigTbwRGa9BPA==, figureFileBig=uO74Buz9yZaQW8UzqKnogw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178036629475312437, 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figureFileSmall=7WMjwuX+II/QCnYTW2mFdA==, figureFileBig=mboCZEilbe6xl5EDfvbkJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178036629693416249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768570571240432, language=CN, label=图12, caption=7条地震波时程曲线

g为重力加速度

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Working conditions of test 1

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 频率f/Hz 位移幅值
A/mm
最大速度
Vmax/(mm·s-1)
次数
工况1 3 18.85 5
工况2 6 37.70 5
工况3 1 15 94.25 5
工况4 21 131.95 5
工况5 30 188.50 5
工况6 36 226.19 5
工况7 3 47.12 5
工况8 6 94.25 5
工况9 2.5 15 235.62 5
工况10 21 329.87 5
工况11 30 471.24 5
工况12 36 565.49 5
工况13 3 94.25 5
工况14 6 188.50 5
工况15 5 15 471.24 5
工况16 21 659.73 5
工况17 30 942.48 5
工况18 36 1 130.97 5
), ArticleFig(id=1178036630460973893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768570571240432, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验1工况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况 频率f/Hz 位移幅值
A/mm
最大速度
Vmax/(mm·s-1)
次数
工况1 3 18.85 5
工况2 6 37.70 5
工况3 1 15 94.25 5
工况4 21 131.95 5
工况5 30 188.50 5
工况6 36 226.19 5
工况7 3 47.12 5
工况8 6 94.25 5
工况9 2.5 15 235.62 5
工况10 21 329.87 5
工况11 30 471.24 5
工况12 36 565.49 5
工况13 3 94.25 5
工况14 6 188.50 5
工况15 5 15 471.24 5
工况16 21 659.73 5
工况17 30 942.48 5
工况18 36 1 130.97 5
), ArticleFig(id=1178036630523888454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768570571240432, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Seismic wave information

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时程
简称
时程
全称
多遇地震峰
值加速度/
(cm·s-2)
罕遇地震峰
值加速度/
(cm·s-2)
采点
个数
采点
间隔
R1 A01-0.02-2001 70 400 2 001 0.020
R1 A02-0.02-2001 70 400 2 001 0.020
T1 JG0768 70 400 6 000 0.010
T2 JG0788 70 400 11 999 0.005
T3 JG0850 70 400 4 000 0.010
T4 JG0809 70 400 3 400 0.010
T5 JG0814 70 400 5 277 0.005
), ArticleFig(id=1178036630590997319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768570571240432, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

地震波信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时程
简称
时程
全称
多遇地震峰
值加速度/
(cm·s-2)
罕遇地震峰
值加速度/
(cm·s-2)
采点
个数
采点
间隔
R1 A01-0.02-2001 70 400 2 001 0.020
R1 A02-0.02-2001 70 400 2 001 0.020
T1 JG0768 70 400 6 000 0.010
T2 JG0788 70 400 11 999 0.005
T3 JG0850 70 400 4 000 0.010
T4 JG0809 70 400 3 400 0.010
T5 JG0814 70 400 5 277 0.005
), ArticleFig(id=1178036630674883400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768570571240432, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Specific parameters of TMD and PID

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 物理质
量/t
惯性质
量/t
刚度/
(kN·m-1)
等效阻尼系数/
(kN·s·m-1)
自振频率
f/Hz
TMD 246.89 10 136.62 192.68 1.019
PID 246.89 4 937.80 149 931.48 6 208.04 0.877
), ArticleFig(id=1178036630746186569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768570571240432, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

TMD与PID具体参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 物理质
量/t
惯性质
量/t
刚度/
(kN·m-1)
等效阻尼系数/
(kN·s·m-1)
自振频率
f/Hz
TMD 246.89 10 136.62 192.68 1.019
PID 246.89 4 937.80 149 931.48 6 208.04 0.877
), ArticleFig(id=1178036630821684042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768570571240432, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Displacement amplitude and shock absorption rate in the Y direction of the rare seismic structure

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 地震波 R1波 T1波 T3波
无控结构 352.82 382.26 366.92
顶层位移
幅值/mm
TMD减震结构 240.96 288.64 259.79
PID减震结构 162.94 168.71 154.87
减震率/% TMD结构 32 24 29
PID结构 54 56 58
), ArticleFig(id=1178036630884598603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768570571240432, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

罕遇地震作用结构顶层Y方向的位移幅值及其减震率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 地震波 R1波 T1波 T3波
无控结构 352.82 382.26 366.92
顶层位移
幅值/mm
TMD减震结构 240.96 288.64 259.79
PID减震结构 162.94 168.71 154.87
减震率/% TMD结构 32 24 29
PID结构 54 56 58
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一种颗粒阻尼惯容减振器的设计与性能分析
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王鑫 1 , 王宪杰 1, * , 郑飞云 2 , 陈永党 1 , 唐跃 1 , 胡德杰 1
科学技术与工程 | 论文·机械、仪表工业 2025,25(16): 6742-6751
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·机械、仪表工业 2025, 25(16): 6742-6751
一种颗粒阻尼惯容减振器的设计与性能分析
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王鑫1 , 王宪杰1, * , 郑飞云2, 陈永党1, 唐跃1, 胡德杰1
作者信息
  • 1 云南大学建筑与规划学院, 昆明 650500
  • 2 湖北省电力规划设计研究院有限公司, 武汉 430040
  • 王鑫(1996—),男,汉族,四川成都人,硕士研究生。研究方向:结构振动控制。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 王宪杰(1984—),男,汉族,河南许昌人,博士,副教授。研究方向:高性能减震阻尼器、抗震韧性。E-mail:
Design and Performance Analysis of a Particle Damping Inertial Capacity Shock Damper
Xin WANG1 , Xian-jie WANG1, * , Fei-yun ZHENG2, Yong-dang CHEN1, Yue TANG1, De-jie HU1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Architecture and Planning, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
  • 2 Hubei Electric Power Planning, Design and Research Institute Co. , Ltd. , Wuhan 430040, China
出版时间: 2025-06-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406335
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颗粒阻尼耗能原理和惯容增效原理在结构减振控制中得到了广泛应用,基于颗粒阻尼和惯容的优点设计一种颗粒阻尼惯容减振器(particle-damping inertial capacity shock damper,PID),其内部主要包含颗粒阻尼单元、惯性质量单元以及刚度单元。首先,阐述PID的工作原理,建立单自由度PID减振结构的力学分析模型;并制作一个小型PID实物模型,设置多种工况对PID进行力学性能测试;然后,利用多体动力学软件和离散元软件联合仿真的方法进一步对PID的力学性能进行探究;最后,为验证其工程应用价值,通过有限元结构分析软件SAP2000对配置PID和调谐质量阻尼器(tuned mass damper,TMD)的减振结构进行动力时程分析。结果表明:PID具有优良的减振性能,当其他条件一定时,PID耗能效果随着振动位移幅值和振动频率的增大而增大;在建筑结构中,PID表现出比TMD更佳的减振能力,具有较高的工程应用价值。

颗粒阻尼惯容减振器(PID)  /  力学性能测试  /  联合仿真  /  动力时程分析

The principle of particle damping energy consumption and inertial capacity efficiency increase are widely used in structural vibration reduction control. Based on the advantages of particle damping and inertial capacity, a particle damping inertial capacity shock damper (PID) was designed, which mainly contained particle damping unit, inertial mass unit and stiffness unit. Firstly, the working principle of PID was elaborated, the mechanical analysis model of single degree of freedom was established, a small PID mock-up was produced, a variety of working conditions were set up to test the mechanical properties of the PID. Then, the mechanical properties of PID were further explored by the combined simulation method of many-body dynamics software and discrete element software. Finally, to verify its engineering application value, dynamic time-course analysis of the damping structures configured with PID and tuned mass damper (TMD) by finite element structural analysis software SAP2000. The results show that PID has excellent damping performance, when the other conditions are certain, the energy consumption effect of PID increases with the increase of vibration displacement amplitude and vibration frequency. In the building structure, PID shows better damping than TMD, it has a high engineering application value.

particle damping inertial capacity shock damper (PID)  /  mechanical performance test  /  joint simulation  /  power time course analysis
王鑫, 王宪杰, 郑飞云, 陈永党, 唐跃, 胡德杰. 一种颗粒阻尼惯容减振器的设计与性能分析. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (16) : 6742 -6751 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406335
Xin WANG, Xian-jie WANG, Fei-yun ZHENG, Yong-dang CHEN, Yue TANG, De-jie HU. Design and Performance Analysis of a Particle Damping Inertial Capacity Shock Damper[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (16) : 6742 -6751 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406335
消能装置与耗能构件的使用是结构实现减振控制的有效途径[1-2]。调谐质量阻尼器(tuned mass damper,TMD)装置是一种典型的被动控制减振装置,构造简单,有着优良的减振效果[3]。该装置在高层、超高层建筑结构[4]、大跨度空间结构[5]的振动控制中被广泛使用。但TMD也有着较为明显的缺陷:首先,当TMD用于高层或者超高层建筑减振时,TMD的质量块的体积通常较大,导致占据较大建筑空间,安装不便[6]。同时,TMD具有高度的频率敏感性以及使主体结构刚度严重退化的局限性,限制了其在多层结构中的应用和推广[7]
颗粒阻尼具有较广的减振频带,减振效果优良[8],制作简单,安装方便等诸多优点[9]。为克服传统TMD上述对频率的高度敏感性,有学者将TMD与颗粒阻尼进行并联,提出了颗粒调谐质量阻尼器(particle tuned mass damper,PTMD),并进一步研究了其减振机理和性能[10-11]。PTMD一定程度上能解决TMD的频率敏感性,但其较大的附加质量限制了其在多层结构中的广泛使用。
惯容器的本质是一种能在自身质量不变的情况下将惯性力进行放大的装置[12],具有耗能增效的作用。为了避免减振装置附加质量过大的问题,有学者将惯容和一些传统耗能元件进行串、并联,提出了多种相应的惯容阻尼系统,并对其展开了相关研究[13-14]
为丰富结构振动控制方式,促进减振技术创新发展,对建筑结构减振实现轻量化控制,基于惯容减振技术和颗粒阻尼减振技术的相关优点,设计一款减振性能优良的颗粒阻尼惯容减振器(particle-damping inertial capacity shock damper,PID)。PID属于一种调谐质量阻尼器,类似于TMD装置,但在建筑物理质量相同情况下,PID相比于TMD有更佳的减振性能,从PID的构造设计出发,阐述其主要的减振原理,并对该款减振器进行性能试验研究、运动仿真以及有限元分析。
颗粒阻尼技术起源于航空航天及机械振动领域,属于被动控制的一种。在土木工程中,一般将颗粒阻尼器安装于结构振动较大部位,水平振动发生时,填充颗粒与腔体之间发生的摩擦和碰撞可以吸收和耗散振动能量,以此减轻结构的振动[15-19]
惯容单元是一种两端点的惯性质量元件,最早应用于机械工程领域,与传统质量单元相比,由于其优秀的耗能增效能力,惯容元件具有无可替代的优势[20-21]。惯容单元通常和耗能元件配合,当惯容元件和耗能装置共同工作时,对消能装置动力反应有放大机制,从而一定程度上提高能量耗散效率[22]
所设计的颗粒阻尼惯容减振器(PID)内部构造示意图如图1所示,主要划分为:①拉环部分;②金属外壳板部分;③齿轮—滚筒部分;④弹簧部分;⑤底板部分。滚筒的细部构造如图2所示,在其内部含有一定填充率的颗粒填充物[23]
当结构在水平方向发生振动时,会带动PID减振器齿条与齿轮产生啮合运动,水平运动能量通过齿轮转化为圆周运动能量,使滚筒与内部填充颗粒产生转动,填充颗粒之间以及颗粒与滚筒之间的碰撞和摩擦可以吸收和消耗振动能量,产生减振效应。
减振器运动过程中的力学简图如图3所示。该减振系统可以看作是由一个惯容单元,一个弹簧单元和一个阻尼单元并联而成的系统,减振器的出力可表示为
F=ku+Fc( u ˙)+min( u ¨)
式(1)中:k为弹簧刚度;min为惯容系数;u为减振器底板部分与外板部分相对运动位移; u ˙为速度; u ¨为加速度;Fc( u ˙)为阻尼力,其大小和速度相关。
该装置可安装在建筑结构填充墙内,装置两边的拉环分别与上、下悬臂墙连接。其具体的安装方式可参考图4
振动位移幅值和振动频率两者会对PID减振性能产生影响,为探究其影响作用并得到PID在不同工况的滞回曲线,拟对其在多种工况下的耗能性能进行测试,滞回曲线形状越饱满,表明滞回曲线耗能面积越大,即阻尼器的耗能能力越强。滞回曲线越圆滑,表明阻尼器性能更加稳定可靠。相关试验系统连接示意图如图5所示。
(1)试验仪器。拟动力(阻尼器)试验机,位移传感器,数据采集仪,采集分析系统(电脑以及相应软件)。
(2)加载方法。PID的加载采用动力加载的方式,以位移控制进行加载。
在该项耗能测试试验中,设定试验机的加载频率分别为1、2.5、5 Hz,并在每一种频率情况下设置3、6、15、21、30、36 mm共6种位移,总合计18种工况。相应工况如表1所示。
整理相关试验所得数据,将各工况的滞回曲线绘制如图6所示。
试验结果(图6)表明:PID在各个工况下的滞回曲线都呈现出较为圆滑饱满的态势,表明该PID减振装置的耗能性能良好和稳定;当激振频率一定时,PID减振器滞回环的面积随着振动位移幅值增大而增加,表明耗能效果更好;在较低频率振动情况下,滞回曲线更为饱满,形状更为接近方形,当振动频率增大时,滞回曲线饱满程度降低,更为接近椭圆形。
整理试验所得数据,选取位移幅值分别为A=3、6、15 mm时在3种不同频率的滞回曲线绘制如图7所示。
试验结果(图7)表明:振动频率对PID的耗能能力影响较大,当位移幅值相同时,随着振动频率的增大,试验所得的滞回环的饱满程度降低,但是其滞回环的总面积有着较大的提升,表明耗能性能随着激振频率的提高而有显著提升;当位移幅值相同时,PID减振装置的最大出力随着振动频率的增大也有着明显的提升。
依据《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011—2010)规定:对该装置进行疲劳试验。
(1)试验仪器。拟动力(阻尼器)试验机。
(2)加载方法。在设计位移幅值A下,以结构基本频率f对PID加载,即对PID施加的正弦激励,其中A=30 mm,f=0.966 Hz(后文进行有限元分析选取结构的一阶自振频率为0.966 Hz),连续加载30个循环。
激励的计算公式为
u=Asin(2πft)
式(2)中:u为位移;A为设计位移幅值;f为激励频率;t为时间。
(3)试验结果输出。滞回曲线如图8所示。
(4)分析图8滞回曲线。可知循环加载至8圈,PID最大出力开始衰减,吸收能量减小;向正方向(位移值为正)加载时,PID最大出力衰减较小,向负方向(位移值为负)加载时,PID最大出力出现大幅衰减。进行相关分析得出这是由于制作过程中为了方便进行组装以及实现自复位功能组装,用两个根压缩弹簧代替拉压弹簧,如图9所示。经试验后检测,PID内部其中一个压缩弹簧损坏。
颗粒阻尼器具有高度的非线性,基于第2节试验中的参数和工况,采用离散元软件(discrete ele-ment method,EDEM)和多体动力学软件(automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems,ADAMS)联合仿真的方法[24-26],建立PID的仿真模型。
首先,颗粒阻尼惯容减振器模型通过三维建模软件Solid Works进行模型建立,模型具体形状如图1所示。然后,在多体动力学软件ADAMS与离散元软件EDEM之中分别将该模型导入,并对相关参数依次进行定义,最后配置耦合文件并计算分析。在仿真中,对螺栓孔等细节设计进行简化,并且主要保留底板部分、外壳部分、齿轮齿条及滚筒部分进行仿真分析,部分与其运动无关的构件进行省略处理,仿真所设定的试验工况参照表1所给的试验工况,逐一进行仿真。计算分析后得到各工况下的力、位移随时间变化数据,绘制成相应的滞回曲线,并与前文试验所得的滞回曲线做出对比分析。对比结果如图10所示。
通过图10的滞回曲线分析可知:试验和仿真所得的滞回曲线在各工况下吻合度均较好,证明了仿真方法的有效性和试验的可靠性。仿真所得的滞回曲线饱满程度略低于试验所得滞回曲线,尤其低频振动时的位移幅值接近最大(运动速度接近最小)处,仿真时所表现的耗能效果略低于试验。这是由于在试验中旋转轴与轴承、齿轮与齿条以及不同齿轮之间的摩擦在运动过程一直存在,仿真时各零件的连接关系用运动副代替,不存在摩擦,而在试验过程中,各零件之间的摩擦会耗散部分系统能量,因此,试验所得的滞回环更加饱满。
为探究该装置的工程应用价值,结构模型将采用有限元结构分析软件(structure analysis program 2000,SAP2000)软件进行建立,对安装TMD的减震模型以及安装PID的减震模型进行抗震对比分析,并做出一般性评价。选取西安某综合楼为例,该结构所在地区的抗震设防烈度为8(0.2g,其中g为加速度),地震设计分组为第3组,场地类别为Ⅲ类,结构周期折减系数为0.8。该项目楼层总层数为8层,采用框架-剪力墙结构,抗震等级为一级,抗震设防分类为重点设防类(乙类),结构总质量98 756.72 t,结构总刚度为4 176.44 kN/mm。该综合楼SAP2000模型来源于某减隔震设计公司,具体模型如图11所示。
根据本案例中建筑所处地区设防烈度,场地类别以及地震设计分组,并结合结构自振周期、阻尼比按照规范规定得到相应的反应谱并与规范反应谱进行比对,选取5条天然波以及2条人工波,将7条波的数据进行归一化处理,最大值为±1。相关的地震波时程信息如表2所示。
相关的地震波时程曲线如图12所示。
TMD与PID布置及参数设置:由于结构X向的刚度远大于Y向刚度,Y向在受地震作用时振动响应会更剧烈,为节省计算时间,该实例只研究Y向的地震激励下的振动响应。采用TMD减震控制时,总共布置4个TMD,布置遵循阻尼器布置应均匀、对称、分散、周边的布置原则,4个TMD均匀分散布置于结构顶层的四周,TMD顶层平面布置图如图13所示。TMD质量块一般取建筑结构总质量的0.5%~2%,Warburton基于定点理论,提出一种TMD系统最优参数的求解公式[27],以此得到每个TMD的质量为246.89 t,刚度K取10 136.62 kN/m,阻尼系数C取192.68 kN·s/m。
采用PID进行减震控制时,PID的布置方案与TMD相同,同时保持PID的质量和TMD质量一致,但是由于PID存在惯容作用,可将物理质量放大上百倍。该实例中PID的物理质量放大倍数为20倍,即惯容系数q为4 937.8 t。最优等效阻尼系数和弹簧刚度可通过参数寻优方法进行求解,求得等效阻尼比Cd为6 208.04 kN·s/m,弹簧刚度Ks为149 931.38 kN·s/m。TMD和PID具体参数如表3所示。
采用SAP2000工程软件所内嵌的快速非线性分析方法,分别对无控制结构、TMD减震控制结构和PID减震控制结构进行在多遇地震作用下的时程分析,并以最大层间位移角和层间剪力为指标,分析以上3种结构的响应情况。
层间位移角分析:如图14所示,将7条波作用下的3种类型结构的层间位移角平均值分别绘制成更加形象化直观化的折线图。
图14可知,在多遇地震作用下,三类结构的层间位移角(单位:无量纲)均较小,均在弹性层间位移角规范的限值以内;TMD最大减震率仅为10%,而PID减震效果较为明显,最大减震率可达到40%。
层间剪力分析:如图15所示,将7条波作用下的3种类型结构的层间剪力平均值分别绘制成更直观形象的折线图。
图15可知,在多遇地震作用下,安装TMD和PID都能够降低层间剪力,但是TMD减震结构的剪力减震率相对较低,在10%以内,PID减震结构的剪力控制效果相对较好,减震率在20%~35%范围内。
无控结构、TMD减震结构和PID减震结构在罕遇地震作用下的弹塑性分析无法采用SAP2000提供的非线性直接积分法进行分析。进行弹塑性分析时应先设置好结构的塑性铰,本节结构的塑性铰按照默认的铰属性,一般柱单元的模拟采用考虑三者耦合的塑性铰(P-M2-M3铰),对于梁单元常用弯矩铰(M3铰)。该项分析以各层层间位移角和三条典型波(R1、T1、T2)的顶层位移时程为参考指标,进行3种类型结构的减振对比分析。
层间位移角分析:分别将3种类型结构在罕遇地震作用下的层间位移角(单位:无量纲)平均值绘制成更加直观的折线图,如图16所示。
图16可知,无控结构、TMD减震结构、PID减震结构的层间位移角均满足其相应的限值;在7条波作用下的平均减震率,以PID进行减震控制时的减震率比以TMD进行减震控制时的减震率更优。
在R1波、T1波和T3波作用下,无控结构、TMD减震结构、PID减震结构的顶层Y向位移时程曲线如图17所示。
将3种结构在R1波、T1波和T3波作用下顶层最大位移记录如表4所示。
通过对三类结构在罕遇地震作用下的层间位移角和顶层位移进行对比分析可知,TMD和PID都可以降低地震作用下结构的振动响应,能有效控制顶层不产生较大变形。在物理质量相同情况下,PID的减振效果要优于TMD。
分析并结合惯容减振和颗粒阻尼减振的相关优点,设计一种颗粒阻尼惯容减振器(PID),简要阐述了该减振器相关减振原理,并通过相关试验分析和仿真分析探究其耗能能力及疲劳性能;最后以某一工程案例,探究PID的工程应用价值。得出如下主要结论。
(1)PID具有减振频域宽,减振效果优良,制作简单,安装方便等诸多优点。
(2)通过对PID进行力学性能测试可以发现该装置在多种工况下,测试所得的滞回曲线都较为饱满,验证了该PID减振装置具有比较优秀的耗能效果。
(3)利用联合仿真手段,进一步探究了振动位移幅值和振动频率对PID耗能效果的影响。研究表明,PID装置在其他条件一定时,耗能效果随着振动位移幅值、振动频率的增大而增强。
(4)运用SAP2000对某一工程案例的无控结构、TMD减震结构和PID减震结构进行多遇及罕遇地震作用下的减震对比分析,结果表明:当TMD和PID物理质量相同时,PID在多遇和罕遇地震的减振效果均优于TMD,验证了PID具有较大的工程应用价值。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52268037)
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2025年第25卷第16期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406335
  • 接收时间:2024-08-23
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-06-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-23
  • 修回日期:2025-03-20
基金
国家自然科学基金(52268037)
作者信息
    1 云南大学建筑与规划学院, 昆明 650500
    2 湖北省电力规划设计研究院有限公司, 武汉 430040

通讯作者:

* 王宪杰(1984—),男,汉族,河南许昌人,博士,副教授。研究方向:高性能减震阻尼器、抗震韧性。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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