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Article(id=1149768570156004325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768563956826506, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405187, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720540800000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-10, revisedDate=1741363200000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752055788791, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1749312000000, pubDateStr=2025-06-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752055788791, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752055788791, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752055788791, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149768563956826506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='16', pageStart='6587', pageEnd='7021', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752055787314, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456850262, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559607937618069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768563956826506, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559607937618070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768563956826506, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=6752, endPage=6759, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149768570382496748, articleId=1149768570156004325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Combustion Properties of Low-concentration Methane under Different Porous Media Configurations, columnId=1156264600770302582, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Energy and Power Engineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to address the problems of poor flame stability, low combustion efficiency and high lean-combustion limit in traditional direct-fired porous media burners, five porous media burners with different pore arrangements were constructed for low-concentration methane (LCM) combustion experiments, and the effects of porous media arrangements, equivalence ratios and flow rates on the combustion properties of LCM were investigated. CH4 conversion, pollutant emissions and flue gas temperatures were also analyzed under lean combustion conditions. The results show that the E-type gradually-varied porous media burner exhibits the optimal LCM combustion adaptability, which can partially compensate for the interface temperature perturbation and improve combustion stability during LCM combustion. At an equivalence ratio of 0.39 and a flow rate of 50 L/min, the stationary combustion time of LCM in the burner exceeds 140 min and the flame position is consistently maintained at 60 mm. The LCM combustion in the E-type porous media achieves a CH4 conversion of 99.99% with CO and NOx emissions of 531×10-6 and 23×10-6, respectively, generating high-quality flue gas with a mean temperature of more than 588 ℃ that can be employed in industrial production. The research results provide an important reference for improving the utilization efficiency of low-concentration methane in coal mines and reducing methane emissions.

, correspAuthors=Fang LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jian-guo ZHANG, Cheng ZHAI, Guo-chuan ZHANG, Yun-qi CAO, Fang LIU, Yan-jun TONG, Tong SU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149768581589676364, articleId=1149768570156004325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=不同多孔介质布置下低浓度甲烷燃烧特性, columnId=1156264600912908920, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·能源与动力工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了解决传统直燃式多孔介质燃烧器存在火焰稳定性差、燃烧效率低和贫极限高的问题,通过构建5种排布方式的多孔介质燃烧器用于低浓度甲烷(low-concentration methane, LCM)燃烧实验,研究不同多孔介质排布方式、当量比和流量对LCM燃烧特性的影响,并分析贫燃工况下的CH4转化率、污染物排放和烟气温度。结果表明:渐变E型多孔介质燃烧器具有最佳的LCM燃烧适应性,可部分弥补LCM燃烧过程中的界面温度扰动,提高LCM燃烧稳定性。在当量比0.39、流量50 L/min的条件下,LCM驻定燃烧时间超过140 min,火焰位置始终维持在60 mm处。LCM在E型燃烧器中燃烧的CH4转化率为99.99%,CO和NOx排放分别为531×10-6和23×10-6,产生平均温度588 ℃以上的高品质烟气可用于工业生产。研究成果为提高煤矿低浓度瓦斯利用效率、降低甲烷排放提供重要参考。

, correspAuthors=刘方, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 刘方(1984—),男,汉族,山东菏泽人,博士,教授。研究方向:能源清洁利用与污染物减排技术。E-mail:。
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张建国(1963—),男,汉族,河南安阳人,博士,高级工程师。研究方向:煤矿瓦斯防治与利用。E-mail:。

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张建国(1963—),男,汉族,河南安阳人,博士,高级工程师。研究方向:煤矿瓦斯防治与利用。E-mail:。

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张建国(1963—),男,汉族,河南安阳人,博士,高级工程师。研究方向:煤矿瓦斯防治与利用。E-mail:。

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不同多孔介质布置下低浓度甲烷燃烧特性
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张建国 1 , 翟成 2 , 张国川 1 , 曹运齐 3 , 刘方 3, * , 仝艳军 1 , 苏童 3
科学技术与工程 | 论文·能源与动力工程 2025,25(16): 6752-6759
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·能源与动力工程 2025, 25(16): 6752-6759
不同多孔介质布置下低浓度甲烷燃烧特性
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张建国1 , 翟成2, 张国川1, 曹运齐3, 刘方3, * , 仝艳军1, 苏童3
作者信息
  • 1 平顶山天安煤业股份有限公司, 平顶山 467099
  • 2 中国矿业大学安全工程学院, 徐州 221116
  • 3 中国矿业大学低碳能源与动力工程学院, 徐州 221116

    • 张建国(1963—),男,汉族,河南安阳人,博士,高级工程师。研究方向:煤矿瓦斯防治与利用。E-mail:。

通讯作者:

* 刘方(1984—),男,汉族,山东菏泽人,博士,教授。研究方向:能源清洁利用与污染物减排技术。E-mail:。
Combustion Properties of Low-concentration Methane under Different Porous Media Configurations
Jian-guo ZHANG1 , Cheng ZHAI2, Guo-chuan ZHANG1, Yun-qi CAO3, Fang LIU3, * , Yan-jun TONG1, Tong SU3
Affiliations
  • 1 Pingdingshan Tianan Coal Mining Co. , Ltd. , Pingdingshan 467099, China
  • 2 School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
  • 3 School of Low-Carbon Energy and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
出版时间: 2025-06-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405187
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摘要
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为了解决传统直燃式多孔介质燃烧器存在火焰稳定性差、燃烧效率低和贫极限高的问题,通过构建5种排布方式的多孔介质燃烧器用于低浓度甲烷(low-concentration methane, LCM)燃烧实验,研究不同多孔介质排布方式、当量比和流量对LCM燃烧特性的影响,并分析贫燃工况下的CH4转化率、污染物排放和烟气温度。结果表明:渐变E型多孔介质燃烧器具有最佳的LCM燃烧适应性,可部分弥补LCM燃烧过程中的界面温度扰动,提高LCM燃烧稳定性。在当量比0.39、流量50 L/min的条件下,LCM驻定燃烧时间超过140 min,火焰位置始终维持在60 mm处。LCM在E型燃烧器中燃烧的CH4转化率为99.99%,CO和NOx排放分别为531×10-6和23×10-6,产生平均温度588 ℃以上的高品质烟气可用于工业生产。研究成果为提高煤矿低浓度瓦斯利用效率、降低甲烷排放提供重要参考。

多孔介质燃烧  /  低浓度甲烷  /  渐变排布  /  燃烧特性  /  可燃极限

In order to address the problems of poor flame stability, low combustion efficiency and high lean-combustion limit in traditional direct-fired porous media burners, five porous media burners with different pore arrangements were constructed for low-concentration methane (LCM) combustion experiments, and the effects of porous media arrangements, equivalence ratios and flow rates on the combustion properties of LCM were investigated. CH4 conversion, pollutant emissions and flue gas temperatures were also analyzed under lean combustion conditions. The results show that the E-type gradually-varied porous media burner exhibits the optimal LCM combustion adaptability, which can partially compensate for the interface temperature perturbation and improve combustion stability during LCM combustion. At an equivalence ratio of 0.39 and a flow rate of 50 L/min, the stationary combustion time of LCM in the burner exceeds 140 min and the flame position is consistently maintained at 60 mm. The LCM combustion in the E-type porous media achieves a CH4 conversion of 99.99% with CO and NOx emissions of 531×10-6 and 23×10-6, respectively, generating high-quality flue gas with a mean temperature of more than 588 ℃ that can be employed in industrial production. The research results provide an important reference for improving the utilization efficiency of low-concentration methane in coal mines and reducing methane emissions.

porous media combustion  /  low-concentration methane  /  gradually-varied arrangement  /  combustion properties  /  lean-combustion limit
张建国, 翟成, 张国川, 曹运齐, 刘方, 仝艳军, 苏童. 不同多孔介质布置下低浓度甲烷燃烧特性. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (16) : 6752 -6759 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405187
Jian-guo ZHANG, Cheng ZHAI, Guo-chuan ZHANG, Yun-qi CAO, Fang LIU, Yan-jun TONG, Tong SU. Combustion Properties of Low-concentration Methane under Different Porous Media Configurations[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (16) : 6752 -6759 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405187
正文
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煤炭开采过程中产生的煤矿瓦斯(甲烷)是中国能源领域甲烷排放的主要来源,在中国双碳背景下,煤矿瓦斯作为最重要的非二氧化碳温室气体,其减排工作日益受到重视[1-2]。目前比较成熟的瓦斯利用技术主要有瓦斯直燃、瓦斯发电、瓦斯提纯和瓦斯蓄热氧化技术等。然而,这些技术主要利用甲烷浓度大于9%的中高浓度煤矿瓦斯或者将低浓度或乏风瓦斯先提纯再进行后续利用,大大增加了应用成本[3-5]。
多孔介质燃烧作为一种新型燃烧技术在工业锅炉、热风炉、燃气轮机和储热等领域已得到广泛应用[6-7]。以多孔材料(球形颗粒、金属泡沫和泡沫陶瓷等)作为燃烧骨架的多孔介质具有较高的比表面积、良好的蓄热和传热能力以及抗冲击和烧结性能,使其在多孔介质过程中具有燃烧效率和稳定性高、污染物排放低和灵活性强等优点[8-10],为煤矿低浓度甲烷(low-concentration methane, LCM)的高效燃烧利用提供了切实可行的解决方案。
针对采用多孔介质燃烧技术处理和利用LCM,中外学者已经开展了大量研究。李庆钊等[10]通过Fluent数值模拟获得了LCM在多孔介质内燃烧的温度分布规律。丁艳等[11]研究了不同碳化硅(SiC)多孔介质孔密度对LCM燃烧特性的影响,结果发现孔密度为50.8 cm的多孔介质具有最好的换热效果。Siqueira等[12]探究了低热值生物气在多孔介质中的燃烧特性,结果发现生物气在多孔介质中达到燃烧温度比电加热快10倍,而且在当量比0.4和气流速度0.2 m/s的贫燃条件下实现稳定燃烧运行。尽管上述针对LCM在多孔介质中燃烧的研究已经取得较大进展,然而前人研究主要集中于对燃烧特性的分析和多孔介质燃烧器结构的优化,而对于如何拓宽LCM在多孔介质中的贫燃极限并提高燃烧稳定性的研究尚鲜见报道。
鉴于此,采用热力性能良好的氧化铝(Al2O3)泡沫陶瓷作为燃烧骨架,构建一个4层排布的多孔介质燃烧系统,通过改变多孔介质排布方式研究LCM在不同多孔介质排布方式、当量比和流量下的燃烧温度分布、火焰迁移、稳定性、烟气温度和污染物排放特性,以期获得在低贫燃极限下LCM高效稳定燃烧的最佳多孔介质排布方式和实验工况,为拓宽LCM贫燃极限、提高煤矿低浓度瓦斯利用效率提供有价值的参考。
1 实验部分
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多孔介质燃烧实验在实验室自行搭建的多孔介质燃烧平台上进行,如图1所示,该系统主要包括燃烧器、供气系统、配气系统、烟气分析系统和数据采集系统等组成。实验采用高纯甲烷(纯度 > 99.9%)和压缩空气混合配制低浓度甲烷气体,并通过配气箱调控甲烷/空气混合气的流量和当量比。实验所用多孔介质为氧化铝泡沫陶瓷,直径100 mm,厚度20 mm,孔隙度为25.4、50.8、76.2、101.6 cm。多孔介质在燃烧器中采用4层布置,燃烧器底部放置一个101.6 cm的多孔介质为了预热LCM和避免燃烧回火。燃烧器两侧以错位10 mm分别均匀布置6根K型热电偶(T1 ~ T12)连接无纸化记录仪用于记录多孔介质内部和界面间的温度分布情况。燃烧产生的烟气经干燥、过滤后通入烟气分析仪对烟气组分进行定量分析。
实验开始前,向燃烧器通入流量为5 L/min的CH4和75 L/min的空气,并在燃烧器出口点燃混合气体对多孔介质进行预热处理。当热电偶T3和T9的温度接近1 000 ℃时,表明预热完成。然后通过配气箱调节混合气体流量到实验工况,当通过无纸化记录仪记录的温度波动小于± 0.5 ℃/s时,系统达到稳定燃烧状态。实验研究5种多孔介质排布方式对LCM燃烧特性的影响,包括温度分布、火焰特征、燃烧稳定性和污染物排放,如图2所示。从燃烧器进口到出口分别为均匀排布A型: 50.8-50.8-50.8-50.8 cm、B型: 76.2-76.2-76.2-76.2 cm和C型: 101.6-101.6-101.6-101.6 cm;渐变排布D型: 25.4-50.8-76.2-101.6 cm和E型: 101.6-76.2-50.8-25.4 cm。通过实验研究不同流量L和当量比φ对燃烧特性的影响,以获得LCM在多孔介质中燃烧的最佳工况。当量比和CH4转化率分别通过式(1)、式(2)计算获得。
φ= m C H 4 m a i r m S C H 4 m S a i r=9.52 V C H 4 V a i r
X C H 4= C i n - C o u t C i n×100%
式中: m C H 4和mair分别为甲烷和空气的实际质量流量; m S C H 4和 m S a i r分别为通过化学计量计算的甲烷和空气的理论质量流量; V C H 4和Vair分别为甲烷和空气的体积流量;Cin和Cout分别为进口和出口甲烷浓度。
2 结果与讨论
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2.1 温度分布
LCM在不同实验工况下的燃烧温度分布情况如图3所示。根据气体燃料在多孔介质中的燃烧特点,LCM在多孔介质中的燃烧区域主要分为预热区(0 ~ 20 mm)、燃烧区(20 ~ 100 mm)和烟气区(100 ~ 120 mm)。从图3(a)可以看出,LCM在不同多孔介质排布方式下的温度分布差异不大,沿气流方向整体先增大后减小,但在A型、B型和C型多孔介质中燃烧区的温度分布整体波动相对较大,造成这种波动的主要原因可能是热量在两层多孔介质中传递过程中存在界面扰动,导致热量分布不均,造成温度分布波动[13]。C型多孔介质展现了较高的预热温度,平均预热温度超过350 ℃,这是由于C型多孔介质的孔隙度最大(101.6 cm),可以减缓燃烧火焰的传播速度,增强了蓄热能力,从而使预热区温度升高[13-14]。而且在燃烧区和烟气区,C型多孔介质的平均温度变化也相对较高,在气流方向40 mm处达到最高温度994 ℃。
A型和B型多孔介质由于孔隙度减小,多孔介质的蓄热能力减弱,加速了热量耗散和损失,导致各燃烧区的温度均下降,平均预热温度在250 ℃以下。渐变排布D型多孔介质在10 mm处预热温度最低,仅为193 ℃,这因为D型多孔介质采用孔隙度“上小下大”排布,而燃烧器初始的传热是从下游往上游传递,上游蓄热能力强,传热慢,下游蓄热能力弱,传热快;从而导致燃烧器上游的储热较少,预热温度较低,高温区主要分布在燃烧区的50 ~ 70 mm处。
渐变E型多孔介质的温度波动相比其他排布方式比较平缓,预热区平均温度达到257 ℃,燃烧区最高温度在800 ℃,而且波动幅度较小,说明渐变排布的E型多孔介质具有很好的LCM燃烧适应性,多孔介质孔隙度“上大下小”的排布方式可以部分弥补界面扰动,从而提高了LCM燃烧稳定性。
图3(b)和图3(c)分别考察了不同当量比和流量对E型多孔介质中温度分布的影响。在高当量比下(φ>0.39),LCM在E型多孔介质中燃烧的高温区主要分布在气流方向40 ~ 60 mm处,而在低当量比下(φ<0.39)的高温区主要分布在气流方向70 ~ 100 mm处,这是因为增大当量比提高了燃烧强度,导致燃烧器上游的温度升高。从燃烧区80 mm处到烟气区120 mm处,增大当量比,温度反而降低,这是因为在低当量比下,燃烧器上游由于燃料供应不足导致燃烧强度降低,受E型多孔介质排布影响热量向燃烧器下游传递,造成高温燃烧区向下游偏移,容易导致燃烧脱火甚至焠熄[7,15 -16]。
通过分析流量对燃烧温度分布的影响来看,随着流量增大,预热区温度降低而烟气区温度升高。流量为55 L/min时的最高温度(907 ℃)在燃烧区50 mm处获得,流量为65 L/min和75 L/min时最高温度均在70 mm处获得,而且75 L/min时的最高温度(895 ℃)大于65 L/min时的最高温度(845 ℃)。结果表明,增大气体流量,加速了燃烧器内部的热量向下游传递,导致上游温度低,下游温度高[17]。因此,通过当量比和流量的协同调控,可以进一步提高LCM在渐变排布E型多孔介质中燃烧的温度分布均匀性。
2.2 火焰迁移
多孔介质燃烧过程中的火焰位置通常被定义为燃烧温度达到最大时的位置[7,18]。图4展示了在不同当量比和流量下LCM在5种排布的多孔介质中燃烧的最高温度和对应的火焰迁移情况。从图4(a)中可以看出,C型和D型多孔介质中的火焰位置随着当量比的增大逐渐向燃烧器上游移动,而A型和B型多孔介质中的火焰位置随当量比增大向燃烧器下游移动,但B型多孔介质中的火焰位置在当量比从0.35增加到0.43时维持在气流方向60 mm处,说明B型多孔介质中的火焰稳定性相对较高。E型多孔介质中的火焰位置不随当量比变化而迁移,一直维持在60 mm,说明LCM在E型多孔介质中燃烧的火焰稳定性最高。
在流量为50 L/min下,5种多孔介质排布方式中的最高燃烧温度基本均在当量比为0.39时获得,其中A型多孔介质的最高温度最大为1 125 ℃,E型多孔介质的最高温度为959 ℃。在当量比为0.39的条件下,随着流量的增加,B型和C型多孔介质中火焰位置分别从50 mm和60 mm处向燃烧器下游移动到90 mm和100 mm,此时燃烧已接近脱火状态[图4(b)]。由于C型多孔介质孔隙度比B型多孔介质大,所以其火焰迁移速度相对较慢,即脱火速度减缓。对于A型多孔介质,尽管其孔隙度最小,但其随着流量的增加,火焰位置却从70 mm处向燃烧器上游移动到60 mm处,这可能是由于火焰迁移除了受流速影响外,还可能受到多孔介质自身蓄热能力和传热过程的影响[19-20]。
D型和E型多孔介质中的火焰迁移均不受流量的影响,火焰位置始终维持在60 mm处,说明渐变排布的多孔介质对于提高火焰稳定性具有积极作用。A型、B型和C型多孔介质中的最高温度随流量增大先降低后升高,而且C型多孔介质具有相对最低的最高温度分布;D型多孔介质中的最高温度随流量增大而降低,E型多孔介质中的最高温度随流量增大而升高。结果表明,不同工况下均匀排布和渐变排布的多孔介质对LCM燃烧的火焰稳定性影响较大,LCM在E型排布的多孔介质中具有最高的燃烧火焰稳定性,火焰位置始终维持在60 mm处,在当量比为0.39时的最高温度达到959 ℃。
2.3 燃烧稳定性
研究表明,LCM在多孔介质中的燃烧状态根据火焰迁移分为表面燃烧、表面转浸没燃烧、浸没燃烧和浸没转表面燃烧[6,21]。实验观察的火焰燃烧状态如图5所所示。表面燃烧发生在燃烧初期[图5(a)],经历一段燃烧时间后开始向浸没燃烧过渡[图5(b)],燃烧稳定后转为浸没燃烧[图5(c)]。当燃烧出现脱火现象时,浸没燃烧开始转为表面燃烧[图5(d)],而当燃烧出现回火时,浸没燃烧火焰呈现明亮的金黄色。因此,浸没燃烧是实现LCM在多孔介质中稳定燃烧的最佳燃烧状态[22]。
根据LCM在多孔介质中的燃烧状态演变和燃烧温度随时间的变化分析了LCM不同多孔介质排布方式中的燃烧稳定性,如图6所示。稳定性分析所监测的温度是热电偶T7在稳燃过程中的温度变化,实验观察到当T7的温度大于400 ℃时,温度变化速率急剧增大,燃烧出现回火现象。在φ = 0.39,L = 50 L/min的条件下,LCM在B型和D型排布的多孔介质中稳燃效果较差,温度随时间升高较快,分别燃烧仅36 min和30 min温度就达到369 ℃和394 ℃而出现回火现象。在A型多孔介质中,尽管在120 min内的稳燃效果较好,但燃烧时间超过120 min后,在10 min内温度便达到接近回火温度(392 ℃)。LCM在C型多孔介质中的燃烧温度随时间延长一直处于缓慢上升趋势,稳定燃烧140 min后温度达到385 ℃。这种温度缓慢上升趋势是由于大孔隙度多孔介质减缓了热量传递过程所致,虽然此时未达到回火温度,但随着燃烧时间延长,最终仍会出现回火现象[16,23]。
渐变排布的E型多孔介质呈现了较高的LCM贫燃稳定性,从燃烧时间20~140 min温度一直维持在160~190 ℃,在140 min时温度达到187 ℃。由此可见,采用101.6-76.2-50.8-25.4 cm的多孔介质排布方式具有最佳的稳定燃烧效果,在贫燃工况下可以实现LCM超过140 min的驻定燃烧,温度波动范围小且不超温。
2.4 甲烷转化率、污染物排放和烟气温度
图7为LCM在不同多孔介质排布方式、当量比和流量中燃烧的CH4转化率、污染物排放(CO和NOx)和烟气温度。从图7中可以看出,LCM在不同工况下燃烧的CH4转化率均接近100%,说明多孔介质燃烧对于提高LCM转化率具有很好的效果,这是因为LCM在多孔介质中燃烧时,CH4分子与O2分子在孔隙中接触并在高温下反应,而多孔介质具有大量孔隙和高比表面积,提高了CH4燃烧的反应速率和效率,从而促进CH4分解和转化。LCM在多孔介质中燃烧的污染物排放均在较低水平,对于不同排布方式的多孔介质来说,LCM在D型多孔介质中燃烧的CO排放量最高为680×10-6,如图7(a)所示,这是由于上游多孔介质的孔隙度较小,蓄热能力低,不能提供LCM燃烧的较大比表面积和高温环境,导致燃烧不完全[24]。尽管气体在向下游传递过程中多孔介质的孔隙度增大,但其携带的这种不完全燃烧效应的积累加上下游燃烧强度较低,从而导致CO的排放量偏高[25]。此外,CO的排放随着当量比的增大而降低[图7(b)],随着流量的增大而升高[图7(c)];而NOx的排放随着当量比和流量的增大均呈现下降趋势。在高当量比下,由于燃烧强度增加,促进LCM充分燃烧转化为二氧化碳和水,从而使烟气中CO和NOx排放减少。在高流量下,气体流速加快,在多孔介质孔隙中的驻留时间较短,导致LCM不充分燃烧,从而造成CO排放量增加[26-27]。从烟气温度[图7(d)]可以看出,C型多孔介质的烟气温度整体在较高水平,平均烟气温度高达630 ℃以上;D型多孔介质的烟气温度随当量比增加稍有升高,平均烟气温度在560 ℃以上。A型、B型和E型多孔介质的烟气温度随当量比的增大均有降低,但平均烟气温度均在500 ℃以上。
上述结果表明,多孔介质燃烧可以显著提高LCM的燃烧效率和能量转化率,并且污染物排放低,产生高品质烟气可以进行工业生产和应用,是一种极具应用前景的LCM利用和能源转化技术。例如,在φ = 0.39,L = 50 L/min的贫燃条件下,LCM在E型多孔介质中燃烧的CH4转化率为99.99%,CO和NOx排放分别为531×10-6和23×10-6,产生的烟气温度为588 ℃。
3 结论
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通过构建5种不同排布方式下的多孔介质燃烧系统,探究不同多孔介质排布方式、当量比和流量对LCM燃烧温度分布、火焰迁移、稳定性的影响,并分析不同条件下的CH4转化率、污染物排放和烟气温度,得出如下主要结论。
(1)LCM在多孔介质中的燃烧区域主要分为预热区、燃烧区和烟气区。LCM在渐变排布的E型多孔介质中燃烧的各个区域温度波动比较平缓,E型多孔介质排布方式可以弥补界面温度波动,提高LCM燃烧的适应性,而且通过协同调控当量比和流量,可以进一步提高LCM燃烧的温度分布均匀性。
(2)在不同工况下,渐变排布的多孔介质对提高LCM燃烧的火焰稳定性优于均匀排布多孔介质,LCM在渐变排布的E型多孔介质中具有最高的燃烧火焰稳定性,火焰位置始终维持在60 mm处,在当量比为0.39时的最高温度达到959 ℃。
(3)E型多孔介质展现了最高的LCM贫燃稳定性,在φ = 0.39,L = 50 L/min的条件下,LCM驻定燃烧时间超过140 min,且温度一直维持在160~190 ℃。此外,LCM在多孔介质中燃烧的CH4转化率为99.99%,CO和NOx排放分别为531×10-6和23×10-6,产生的高品质烟气(588 ℃)可进行工业生产和应用。由此可见,采用的渐变E型多孔介质排布方式对于提高LCM的贫燃稳定性、燃烧效率和能量转化率具有显著的积极作用,为提高煤矿低浓度瓦斯利用效率、降低煤矿甲烷排放具有重大指导意义。
基金
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  • 中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2023KYJD1009)
  • 江苏省优秀青年基金(BK20220159)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405187
  • 接收时间：2024-07-10
  • 首发时间：2025-07-09
  • 出版时间：2025-06-08
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  • 收稿日期：2024-07-10
  • 修回日期：2025-03-08
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2023KYJD1009)
江苏省优秀青年基金(BK20220159)
作者信息
    1 平顶山天安煤业股份有限公司, 平顶山 467099
    2 中国矿业大学安全工程学院, 徐州 221116
    3 中国矿业大学低碳能源与动力工程学院, 徐州 221116

通讯作者:

* 刘方(1984—),男,汉族,山东菏泽人,博士,教授。研究方向:能源清洁利用与污染物减排技术。E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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