Article(id=1149768569862403042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768563956826506, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406647, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1725379200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-04, revisedDate=1742400000000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752055788722, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1749312000000, pubDateStr=2025-06-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752055788722, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752055788722, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752055788722, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149768563956826506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='16', pageStart='6587', pageEnd='7021', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752055787314, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456850262, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559607937618069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768563956826506, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559607937618070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768563956826506, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=6717, endPage=6732, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149768570021786595, articleId=1149768569862403042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Structure Design and Flow Field Analysis of Hydraulic Controlled Intelligent Completion Throttle Valve Sleeve, columnId=1156262729003422020, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The novel electro-hydraulic composite intelligent completion system primarily involves downhole flow control technology and multi-parameter detection technology and so on. Based on the principles of mechanical structure design, the structural design of the core component of the electro-hydraulic composite intelligent completion flow control valve was conducted, namely the throttle valve sleeve. Finite element analysis was utilized to numerically simulate and study the mechanical performance and fluid flow characteristics of the throttle valve sleeve. The the flow field characteristics under various openings, water cut rates, displacements, and working conditions were analyzed by this method. The results indicate that the downhole temperature and pressure conditions have little effect on the flow control performance of the throttle valve sleeve. The performance is stable and meets the design requirements under high temperature and high pressure (125 ℃, 50 MPa). With different openings, the pressure difference gradually increases as the flow rate increases. At a constant flow rate, the pressure difference decreases with the increase of the opening. When the flow rate and opening are constant, the pressure difference gets greater when water cut becomes larger. When the flow rate and water content are constant, the greater the control series of the throttle valve sleeve, the smaller the pressure difference. The research results can provide theoretical guidance for the structural design of intelligent completion flow control valve.

, correspAuthors=Zhi-yuan QI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ze-ning HOU, Yan-feng CAO, Hao QIU, Min WEN, Hao PAN, Zhi-yuan QI, Hui HUANG, Gang BI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149768586337628735, articleId=1149768569862403042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=电液复合智能完井节流阀套结构设计与流场特性分析, columnId=1156262729603207500, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·石油、天然气工业, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

新型电液复合智能完井系统主要涉及井下流量控制技术、多参数检测技术等。基于机械结构设计原理,开展电液复合智能完井流量控制阀核心元器件节流阀套的结构设计,并利用有限元分析法,对节流阀套的力学性能及流体流动特性进行数值模拟仿真研究,分析不同开度、不同含水率、不同排量、不同工况下节流阀套的流场特性。结果表明:井筒温压工况对节流阀套流量调控性能的影响微小,在高温高压(125 ℃、50 MPa)条件下性能稳定,满足设计要求。在不同开度下,随着流量的增大压差逐渐增大。在流量一定时,随着开度的增大压差逐渐减小。当流量与开度一定时,压差随含水率的升高而增大;当流量与含水率一定时,节流阀套的调控级数越大产生的压差越小。研究成果可为电液复合智能完井流量控制阀的结构设计提供一定的理论指导。

, correspAuthors=齐致远, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 齐致远(1997—),男,满族,辽宁盘锦人,硕士,工程师。研究方向:海上油气井控水防砂完井。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=x/wuTMLNXEVBU5HBEmTkEw==, magXml=2oh9eFM3qxCM4ZesqOGu0Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=1K4pHe+gzaJDo9yeB4ia5w==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=lmrveNvrl1v9Z2uAfnKQCg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

侯泽宁(1993—),男,汉族,天津人,硕士,工程师。研究方向:海上油气井控水防砂完井。E-mail:

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侯泽宁(1993—),男,汉族,天津人,硕士,工程师。研究方向:海上油气井控水防砂完井。E-mail:

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侯泽宁(1993—),男,汉族,天津人,硕士,工程师。研究方向:海上油气井控水防砂完井。E-mail:

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Integrated design and analysis of downhole flow controller for smart wells[D]. Chengdu: Southwest Petroleum University, 2017., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1177979227430338963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768569862403042, awardId=2023-JC-YB-361, language=CN, fundingSource=陕西省自然科学基金研究计划(2023-JC-YB-361), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1177979227480670612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768569862403042, awardId=52474007, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52474007), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1177979220270661942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768569862403042, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1177979220279050551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768569862403042, companyId=1177979220270661942, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 CNOOC Research 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journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768569862403042, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Schematic diagram of mesh delineation of throttle sleeve, figureFileSmall=tRFa4mfwP/9zb6Z0oAKy3w==, figureFileBig=00w1W9BQogIgcJREpQgaRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177979223496081782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768569862403042, language=CN, label=图4, caption=节流阀套网格划分示意图, figureFileSmall=tRFa4mfwP/9zb6Z0oAKy3w==, figureFileBig=00w1W9BQogIgcJREpQgaRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177979223584162167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768569862403042, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Throttle sleeve force basic structure, figureFileSmall=KEANd1vP2iQRoz7y8yjQ3A==, figureFileBig=JygHFAnqanxpRlJd/NKXuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177979223642882424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768569862403042, language=CN, label=图5, caption=节流阀套受力基本结构, 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caption=不同开度与含水率条件下流量-压差关系曲线, figureFileSmall=ATSfG9YLwuGeMzkMC42JVQ==, figureFileBig=HkBzvjzSGs4jjKFtEElI/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177979226708918665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768569862403042, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Material of ICV parts

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 零部件名称 材质
井下流
量控制阀
上、中、下阀体;下接头、滑套 42CrMo
保护筒、位移传感器托管
节流阀套 WC(碳化钨)
弹性锁爪 60Si2Mn
), ArticleFig(id=1177979226771833226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768569862403042, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

ICV各零部件材质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 零部件名称 材质
井下流
量控制阀
上、中、下阀体;下接头、滑套 42CrMo
保护筒、位移传感器托管
节流阀套 WC(碳化钨)
弹性锁爪 60Si2Mn
), ArticleFig(id=1177979226834747787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768569862403042, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Throttle sleeve orifice design parameters

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参数 设置
油管尺寸 2-7/8滑套
过流面积(内部)/mm2 1 808.64
位置数量 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
累积流量面积/mm2 38.465 76.93 153.19 267.43 459.75 844.39 3 566.63
开度/% 2.1 4.25 8.5 14.8 25.4 46.7 97
), ArticleFig(id=1177979226897662348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768569862403042, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

节流阀套节流孔设计参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 设置
油管尺寸 2-7/8滑套
过流面积(内部)/mm2 1 808.64
位置数量 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
累积流量面积/mm2 38.465 76.93 153.19 267.43 459.75 844.39 3 566.63
开度/% 2.1 4.25 8.5 14.8 25.4 46.7 97
), ArticleFig(id=1177979226968965517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768569862403042, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Throttle sleeve spool parameters

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参数 节流阀开度
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
阀孔面积/mm2 9.62 9.62 19.07 28.57 48.09 96.17 508.57
阀孔周长/mm 11.00 11.00 17.42 20.57 30.33 54.37 92.57
当量直径/mm 3.50 3.50 3.89 4.46 5.09 5.84 12.13
节流阀套开度百分比/% 1.46 2.91 5.80 10.13 17.41 31.97 108.96
), ArticleFig(id=1177979227036074382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768569862403042, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

节流阀套阀芯参数

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参数 节流阀开度
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
阀孔面积/mm2 9.62 9.62 19.07 28.57 48.09 96.17 508.57
阀孔周长/mm 11.00 11.00 17.42 20.57 30.33 54.37 92.57
当量直径/mm 3.50 3.50 3.89 4.46 5.09 5.84 12.13
节流阀套开度百分比/% 1.46 2.91 5.80 10.13 17.41 31.97 108.96
), ArticleFig(id=1177979227094794639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768569862403042, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Inlet flow for three displacements at different openings

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阀孔开度 入口流量/(m3·d-1)
100 m3/d 500 m3/d 1 000 m3/d
开度1 30.078 155 1 150.390 775 4 300.781 550 8
开度2 15.039 077 5 75.195 387 7 150.390 775 4
开度3 0.000 007 6 0.000 037 8 0.000 075 5
开度4 4.326 433 2 21.632 166 0 43.264 331 9
开度5 2.516 759 6 12.583 798 0 25.167 596 1
开度6 1.370 426 5 6.852 132 5 13.704 265 0
开度7 0.402 039 5 2.010 197 5 4.020 395 0
), ArticleFig(id=1177979227161903504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768569862403042, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同开度下3种排量的入口流量

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阀孔开度 入口流量/(m3·d-1)
100 m3/d 500 m3/d 1 000 m3/d
开度1 30.078 155 1 150.390 775 4 300.781 550 8
开度2 15.039 077 5 75.195 387 7 150.390 775 4
开度3 0.000 007 6 0.000 037 8 0.000 075 5
开度4 4.326 433 2 21.632 166 0 43.264 331 9
开度5 2.516 759 6 12.583 798 0 25.167 596 1
开度6 1.370 426 5 6.852 132 5 13.704 265 0
开度7 0.402 039 5 2.010 197 5 4.020 395 0
), ArticleFig(id=1177979227229012369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768569862403042, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Numerical simulation scheme for fluid flow simulation of throttle valve sleeve under flow conditions of 100~1000 m3/ds

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
含水率/% 模拟方案
开度1 开度2 开度3 开度4 开度5 开度6 开度7
0 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
30 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
50 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
70 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
100 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
), ArticleFig(id=1177979227291926930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768569862403042, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

100~1 000 m3/d流量条件下节流阀套流体流动仿真数值模拟方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
含水率/% 模拟方案
开度1 开度2 开度3 开度4 开度5 开度6 开度7
0 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
30 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
50 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
70 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
100 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
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电液复合智能完井节流阀套结构设计与流场特性分析
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侯泽宁 1 , 曹砚锋 1 , 邱浩 1 , 文敏 1 , 潘豪 1 , 齐致远 1, * , 黄辉 1 , 毕刚 2
科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025,25(16): 6717-6732
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·石油、天然气工业 2025, 25(16): 6717-6732
电液复合智能完井节流阀套结构设计与流场特性分析
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侯泽宁1 , 曹砚锋1, 邱浩1, 文敏1, 潘豪1, 齐致远1, * , 黄辉1, 毕刚2
作者信息
  • 1 中海油研究总院有限责任公司, 北京 100028
  • 2 西安石油大学石油工程学院, 西安 710065
  • 侯泽宁(1993—),男,汉族,天津人,硕士,工程师。研究方向:海上油气井控水防砂完井。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 齐致远(1997—),男,满族,辽宁盘锦人,硕士,工程师。研究方向:海上油气井控水防砂完井。E-mail:
Structure Design and Flow Field Analysis of Hydraulic Controlled Intelligent Completion Throttle Valve Sleeve
Ze-ning HOU1 , Yan-feng CAO1, Hao QIU1, Min WEN1, Hao PAN1, Zhi-yuan QI1, * , Hui HUANG1, Gang BI2
Affiliations
  • 1 CNOOC Research Institute Co. , Ltd. , Beijing 100028, China
  • 2 College of Petroleum Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
出版时间: 2025-06-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406647
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新型电液复合智能完井系统主要涉及井下流量控制技术、多参数检测技术等。基于机械结构设计原理,开展电液复合智能完井流量控制阀核心元器件节流阀套的结构设计,并利用有限元分析法,对节流阀套的力学性能及流体流动特性进行数值模拟仿真研究,分析不同开度、不同含水率、不同排量、不同工况下节流阀套的流场特性。结果表明:井筒温压工况对节流阀套流量调控性能的影响微小,在高温高压(125 ℃、50 MPa)条件下性能稳定,满足设计要求。在不同开度下,随着流量的增大压差逐渐增大。在流量一定时,随着开度的增大压差逐渐减小。当流量与开度一定时,压差随含水率的升高而增大;当流量与含水率一定时,节流阀套的调控级数越大产生的压差越小。研究成果可为电液复合智能完井流量控制阀的结构设计提供一定的理论指导。

智能完井  /  流量控制阀  /  节流阀套  /  力学性能分析  /  流场分析

The novel electro-hydraulic composite intelligent completion system primarily involves downhole flow control technology and multi-parameter detection technology and so on. Based on the principles of mechanical structure design, the structural design of the core component of the electro-hydraulic composite intelligent completion flow control valve was conducted, namely the throttle valve sleeve. Finite element analysis was utilized to numerically simulate and study the mechanical performance and fluid flow characteristics of the throttle valve sleeve. The the flow field characteristics under various openings, water cut rates, displacements, and working conditions were analyzed by this method. The results indicate that the downhole temperature and pressure conditions have little effect on the flow control performance of the throttle valve sleeve. The performance is stable and meets the design requirements under high temperature and high pressure (125 ℃, 50 MPa). With different openings, the pressure difference gradually increases as the flow rate increases. At a constant flow rate, the pressure difference decreases with the increase of the opening. When the flow rate and opening are constant, the pressure difference gets greater when water cut becomes larger. When the flow rate and water content are constant, the greater the control series of the throttle valve sleeve, the smaller the pressure difference. The research results can provide theoretical guidance for the structural design of intelligent completion flow control valve.

intelligent well completion  /  flow control valve  /  throttle valve sleeve  /  mechanical property analysis  /  flow field analysis
侯泽宁, 曹砚锋, 邱浩, 文敏, 潘豪, 齐致远, 黄辉, 毕刚. 电液复合智能完井节流阀套结构设计与流场特性分析. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (16) : 6717 -6732 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406647
Ze-ning HOU, Yan-feng CAO, Hao QIU, Min WEN, Hao PAN, Zhi-yuan QI, Hui HUANG, Gang BI. Structure Design and Flow Field Analysis of Hydraulic Controlled Intelligent Completion Throttle Valve Sleeve[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (16) : 6717 -6732 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406647
21世纪以来,世界经济飞速发展,中国也处于经济的高速发展时期,能源的需求量逐年提升。但国际能源开发面临开采难度大、开采复杂、环境恶化、资源紧缺等难题,导致油气勘探开发的巨大挑战[1-2]。电液复合智能完井技术作为全球前沿技术,其发展程度可以看出一个国家油气行业的发展水平[3],其采用大数据、智能化技术和信息工程等技术提升了油气勘探开发质量,为中国经济的持续发展提供有利的能源支持[4-5]。电液复合智能完井系统根据驱动控制形式主要分为液控型、电控型、电液复合控制型和无线控制型四类,其中液控又细分为N+1液控型和带数字解码器液控型两种(N为液控管线数量)。液控型智能完井技术成熟度相对较高,但受井眼尺寸空间限制,下入的液控管线与电力管线数量有限,N+1型智能完井控制生产层段数量有限。电液复合智能完井同时具备智能控制与监测双重功能集成能力,2(液控管线)+1(电力管线)型电液复合控智能完井是当前国外智能完井的主流技术,中国针对该技术的研究起步较晚,与国际先进技术差距较大,其中流量控制阀(ICV)是电液复合智能完井对不同产层流体进行控制的核心部件,制约了中国电液复合智能完井技术的发展,亟需开展相关的技术研究。
流量控制阀利用改变节流孔的节流面积来达到井下流量调控的作用。外国电液复合智能完井流量控制阀主要研发公司有:Baker Hughes公司、Welldynamics公司、Halliburton公司和Schlumberger公司。Baker Hughes公司主要产品是Hydraulic Modular Control液控Interval Control Valve。Welldynamics公司产品有不同的特点,HS-ICV(hydraulic solenoid interval control valve)、HV-series-ICV(hydraulic variable-series-interval control valve)、IV-series-ICV(intelligent valve-series-interval control valve)和MC-series-ICV(motorized control-series-interval control valve)等,适用于不同工况。Halliburton公司主要产品为SmartPlex新型电液井下控制系统。Schlumberger公司主要产品是TRFC系列的可回收ICV[6-7]。中国石油勘探开发研究院研发的液控遥控阀采用双液压缸驱动结构,外径135 mm,内径60 mm,全长2 100 mm[8]。西安石油大学设计的液控型流量控制阀采用液力活塞平衡结构,配套位移传感器,多档位液控阀为七档开度,单芯电缆通信,外径114 mm,内径48 mm,全长2 200 mm。中海油田服务股份有限公司设计的多档位液控阀,采用平衡液压活塞结构,换向限位钉沿J型长槽结构导向运行,由限位机构锁定运行位置。多档位液控阀为八档开度,外径116 mm,内径62 mm,全长1 450 mm[9]。综上所述,中国早期的流量控制阀主要通过电缆控制,多个井下阀门通过地面的一条电线进行操作,这些系统使用井下马达或液压泵产生动力。在恶劣的井下条件下,电子设备的可靠性较低,成本较高[10]。近年来,流量控制从电子操作系统转向液压阀,这些阀门操作时,高压液压油从地面通过直径较小的管道从地面供应到阀门。利用液压操作井下安全阀和滑动侧门的经验,制造高可靠性的液压操作智能完井阀。除了高可靠性,这些阀门也比以前的电子系统更便宜,液压操作阀逐渐成为智能完井的主流[11-12]。但若要采用电液复合控制的流量控制阀,则必须在流量控制阀上安装电力驱动装置和井下位移传感器,这种井下用的电力驱动装置制造标准要求很高,必须要满足在井下高温高压原油介质及含沙流体等工况下使用。这种条件下要保证电子元件可靠性和寿命,对元件的材料及加工制造技术提出了巨大挑战[13]
对比电控和液控流量阀的研究情况,电控阀多为理论研究,液控阀包括样机的研究和现场实验测试。目前中国关于电液复合智能完井的研究多是智能完井技术发展历程、现状、趋势的介绍以及ICV原理的简单实验和仿真研究[14-16],没有形成成套的电液复合智能完井系统,只是在分层开采以及井下流量控制装置等方面已开展了研究应用。因此,中国对电液复合智能完井研究较为缺乏,特别是对智能完井层间流量控制装置的研究还处于起步阶段[17]。迫切需要开展对电液复合智能完井层间流量控制装置和电液复合流量控制阀的相关研究,流量控制阀中的节流阀套主要作用是通过改变节流口面积来调节流量,从而控制流体的流量和压力。节流阀套通常由阀体、阀芯、调节螺钉等部件组成。阀体和阀芯之间的相对运动形成了可变通流断面面积,从而实现流量的控制。常见的节流口形式包括针式节流口、三角槽式节流口和转槽式节流口。基于Solidworks对电液复合智能完井流量控制阀核心元器件节流阀套进行结构进行分析,设计7种开度的节流阀套结构,同时可采用位移传感器监测节流阀套开度,达到流量精细控制的目的,对设计的节流阀套进行不同开度、不同含水率、不同排量及不同工况的流体流动数值模拟仿真,验证7种开度的节流阀套的可靠性,可为智能完井流量控制阀的结构设计提供一定的参考与依据,这对中国电液复合智能完井技术的发展具有重要意义。
通过液力管线提供液压力,使得ICV的内部活塞移动带动滑套动作与节流阀套配合开启相应阀孔。ICV的阀体开有沟槽,容许旁挂3根0.635 cm的液力管线或钢管电缆。节流阀套有其个开度,为了确定ICV的开启程度,配备有同心结构线性位移传感器,需要提前预留出位移传感器线圈与托管的安装空间。ICV采用液压驱动方式开启或关闭,带有液压推动活塞。滑套上连接有机械弹性锁爪机构,位移线圈托管内腔加工有卡槽结构,弹性锁爪与卡槽配合锁紧滑套,防止滑套轴向移动。活塞运动时,滑套移动控制节流阀套节流孔的打开或关闭来控制产层的流量。ICV的上阀体上有3个孔,分别是ICV开启进液孔、ICV关闭进液孔和位移传感器连接电缆贯穿孔。利用0.635 cm NPT接头完成螺纹密封连接。ICV机械结构图如图1所示。
在油气开采过程中,流量控制阀的主要作用是控制储层的状态,包括开启、关闭或限制一个或多个储层的产出,以及平衡不同储层之间的压力和流速。液控式井下流量控制阀的工作原理基于压力差的作用。液控式流量控制阀主要由节流阀套、滑套、活塞、弹性锁爪、上中下阀体等零部件组成。滑套上连接有机械弹性锁爪,中间阀体内腔加工卡槽结构,弹性锁爪与卡槽配合锁紧滑套,防止滑套轴向移动。活塞运动时,滑套移动控制节流阀套节流孔的打开或关闭来控制产层的流量。表1为ICV各零部件主要材质。
该井下流量控制阀需要用于深水/超深水井,属于高温高压(125 ℃、50 MPa)的工况。经调研,上、中、下阀体等主体零件使用加工制造材料为合金结构钢42CrMo,该材料屈服强度930 MPa,钻机最大拉伸与压缩力为650 kN。其中,由于节流阀套本体与阀孔需要抵抗井下流体携砂的冲蚀以及与滑套之间的磨损,使用抗冲蚀与耐磨损的碳化钨材料加工,该材料屈服强度710 GPa[18]。弹性锁爪的主要载荷是高温工况下液压油液压产生的推力、锁爪与卡槽面摩擦力以及密封圈摩擦力,其需要具备较强的弹力与形变恢复能力,使用高弹性的硅锰弹簧钢钢材,该材料屈服强度1 176 MPa。
当油井内部压力低于地面时,井内流体进入液压管道,液压管道产生的轴向挤压力使得弹性锁爪收缩,下游侧压力迫使活塞下降,活塞下降时开启节流阀套上的节流孔,从而打开阀门。当需要调整开度时,压力可以连续增大,但在实际应用中,ICV节流开度是随机调节的。因此在流量控制阀内增加一个位移传感器,通过测量永久磁铁与位移传感器电路板的相对位移的电磁感应变化量的关系确定位移量,从而精确测量滑套的开启位置。
节流阀套是YK-ICV控流与调压的主要零部件,节流阀套上开有多个节流孔,节流孔开度范围为2%~50%。节流阀套左侧加工有密封沟槽安装O形密封圈,右侧加工有定位孔。通过定位销钉与中间阀体固定,防止节流阀体转动。节流阀套参数设计如表2所示,结构设计如图2所示。
ANSYS·Workbench是一套广泛用于工程领域的有限元分析软件,它包括多个模块,其中包括用于流体流动数值模拟的ANSYS Fluent。在利用ANSYS Fluent进行流体流动数值模拟时,要进行建模,前处理以及后处理几个步骤,前处理是在几何模型导入后进行的操作,包括网格生成、定义物理属性(如流体性质、边界条件等)和设置数值模拟参数[19]。通过以上步骤利用ANSYS Fluent进行流体流动数值模拟,所研究的流量控制阀设有7个开度。
流体流动需遵循动量守恒方程、能量守恒方程及质量守恒方程,如果有其他组分存在于流体介质中,还需要考虑组分守恒定律;如果流动为湍流,则需附加湍流方程。主要对质量守恒方程和动量守恒方程进行阐述。
流体的流动过程满足质量守恒定律,该定律可表述为:单位时间流体微元中质量的增量同一时间内流入该流体微元中的流体质量相等,方程式为
ρ t+ ( ρ u ) x+ ( ρ v ) y+ ( ρ w ) z=0
式(1)中:uvw分别为速度矢量Uxyz方向的速度分量,m/s;ρ为流体密度,kg/m3;t为时间间隔,s。
如果流体为稳态,密度ρ不随时间的改变而改变,为恒定流,则有
( ρ u ) x+ ( ρ v ) y+ ( ρ w ) z=0
动量守恒定律能描述为:流体微元的动量对于时间的变化率等于微元体上作用的外力之和。方程式为
( ρ u ) t + d i v ( ρ u V ) = - p x + τ x x x + τ y x y + τ z x z + F x ( ρ v ) t + d i v ( ρ v V ) = - p y + τ x y x + τ y y y + τ z y z + F y ( ρ w ) t + d i v ( ρ w V ) = - p z + τ x z x + τ y z y + τ z z z + F z
式(3)中:p为作用在流体微元上的压力,N;τzxτzyτzz为黏性应力τ在微元体表面的分量;FxFyFz为微元体上的体力,N;V为流体的速度矢量,m/s。
湍流通常指的是非定常的多尺度、不规则、有结构且具有很大的耗散性和扩散性的流动。利用数值模拟,可以近似模拟湍流运动。
湍流模型选取标准湍动能-耗散率(k-ε)模型,它是双方程模型,其在单方程计算过程中引入湍动耗散率ε,得到k-ε双方程模型,同时考虑湍动能和湍动能耗散率[20]。求解的计算量适中,且精度满足多数实际工程要求。
流场数值模拟模型是SST(shear stress transport)模型,有湍流剪切应力,能对流动的开始及负压力梯度下流体的分力量进行精准的预测。湍流剪切应力考虑到其中,不会产生涡流黏度的错误估算,其传输能由涡流黏度方程求得
Vt= a 1 k m a x ( a 1 ω , S F 2 )
式(4)中:Vt 为涡流黏度系数;a1为常数,通常取a1=0.31;ω为比耗散率,s-1,表示湍流涡旋在单位时间内的能量耗散率,反映湍流动能k的耗散效率;F2为与F1作用等同的混合函数;F2为约束不合适假设自由剪切流的壁面层限制数;S为应变率的估计值。
Vt= μ t ρ
式(5)中:μt为湍流黏性系数。
F1=tanh a r g 1 4
$a_{\mathrm{rg} 1}=\min \left[\max \left(\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\beta^{\prime} \omega y}, \frac{500 v}{y^{2} \omega}\right), \frac{4 \rho \sigma_{\omega 2} k}{\mathrm{CD}_{k \omega} y^{2}}\right]$
式(7)中:arg1是一个无量纲参数,为SST湍流模型中混合函数F1的输入参数,其作用是通过一系列约束条件确定如何混合k-ω模型(近壁区)和k-ε模型(远场区)的行为,用于控制混合函数F1,其值在0~1切换模型行为;β'为湍流模型常数,通常取0.09;y为到最近的壁面距离,m;v为运动黏度,Pa·s;σω2k-ε 模型对应值;CD为交叉扩散项。
$\mathrm{CD}_{k \omega}=\max \left(2 \rho \sigma_{\omega 2} \frac{1}{\omega} \nabla k \nabla \omega, 1.0 \times 10^{-10}\right)$
F2=tanh a r g 2 2
arg2=max 2 k β ' ω y , 500 v y 2 ω
式(10)中:arg2是一个无量纲参数,是SST湍流模型中混合函数F2的输入参数,其作用与arg1类似,但专门用于控制壁面附近湍流黏度的限制行为,防止对涡流黏度μt的过度预测,用于控制混合函数F2,其值趋近于1时激活黏度限制,趋近于0时解除限制。
根据所设计ICV结构及其工作原理,结合其在井下不同油层的实际应用情况,利用Solidworks软件建立ICV工作时流体流动的几何模型。模型导入后进行生成如图3所示。首先定义流体,设置基准面;其次选择入口、出口、壁面、对称面命名,压力入口命名为inlet,压力出口命名为outlet,壁面命名为wall,对称面命名为symmetry;最后选择对称面剖开,便于进行研究阀芯的内部流动情况。为确定计算模型假定介质是不可压缩流体,假定ICV不存在泄露,是理想阀,假定动力黏度不受速度梯度影响,是一个定值,即为牛顿流体。Workbench Fluent有结构化和非结构化网格。网格精度及质量对数值模拟结果影响非常大。网格自动生成一般就可以满足精度要求,利用Meshing生成网格可以手动调整网格密度以细化网格来达到模拟要求。结构化网格排列网格拟合模型是利用固定法则[21],非结构化网格不能用固定的法则命名。根据计算的精度要求,明确网格划分类型及方案,完成网格划分并对网格质量进行严格检查,质量较低时要重新划分网格。图4为网格示意图。
在网格划分完成后,进行到Fluent前处理,进行前处理参数的设定。需在其基础上建立数学模型、设定边界条件、定义参数。首先设置重力加速度,根据模型方向y方向上重力加速度设为-9.8 m/s2。选择合适模型(多相流、单相流)定义k-epsilon标准模型用于描述湍流的影响;其次定义材料性质,研究方案包括水相(water-liquid)、油相(kerosene-liquid)、油水两相(mixture)。定义阀芯材料属性,定义流体的物理性质,如密度、黏度等;设置单元区域条件;油层温度(25 ℃、125 ℃)、压力(0 MPa、50 MPa);设置边界条件,如入口的速度大小、水力直径、湍流强度设置为5%;压力出口回流方向定义为Normal to Boundary、回流压力定义为Total Pressure、回流湍流强度设置为5%,液压推力12 960 N、摩擦力3 240 N、125 ℃,拉伸或压缩650 kN,以及回流水力直径,壁面摩擦等。
选择刚体材料,因此该壁面为静止、无滑移壁面,定义壁面边界条件时只需考虑Fluent默认条件。确保边界条件符合实际物理问题,以获得准确的模拟结果。不同开度下阀芯参数设置如表3所示,不同开度下3种排量的入口流量设置如表4所示。节流阀套受力基本结构如图5所示。
选择适当的数值格式,如隐式或显式求解方法。Workbench Fluent使用有限体积法进行空间离散,可以选择不同的数值格式和网格类型。首先解决方案初始化,选择标准初始化,参考系相对于单元区域。配置求解器,例如迭代步数、收敛准则、差分格式等。基于定义的物理模型和数值方法对流体流动进行模拟。在后处理中对结果进行分析,可对速度云图、流体压力、速度矢量图及流线图等后处理。比较模拟结果与实验数据或理论预测的结果。调整模型参数、网格设置等,以确保数值模拟的准确性和可靠性。
根据实际工况制定节流阀套流体流动数值模拟仿真分析,方案如表5所示。
基于流体流动数值模拟基本理论,制定不同工况条件下节流阀套流体流动仿真数值模拟方案,开展5种排量(100、300、500、700、1 000 m3/d)、5个含水率(0、30%、50%、70%、100%)、7个开度在4种工况(常温常压、常温高压、高温常压、高温高压)下节流阀套流体流动仿真分析。
以速度100 m3/d,含水率50%为例,对节流阀套进行流场分析。流量控制阀阀芯在常温常压工况下的壁面压差图结果如图6所示,分别为1~7级开度下的应力云图。可以看出,在1级开度下压降值最大,随着开度的增大压降逐渐降低。可以看出,阀芯节流入口处的应力集中。ICV的压力降主要是出现在节流口前后。压力在油管及环空流动中比较稳定。流体流入油管后产生的背压较大,湍流动能在入口加剧,背压随着压差的增大而增大,说明流动不稳定。1、2、3、4级开度下流量控制阀阀芯最大应力出现在节流孔入口处,最大应力分别为0.13、0.034、0.008 7、0.003 7、0.001 8、0.000 8、0.000 48 MPa。小于ICV金属材料的许用应力,符合设计要求。
流量控制阀阀芯在高温常压工况下的壁面压差图结果如图7所示。可以看出,在一级开度下压降值最大,随着开度的增大压降逐渐降低。能明显看出阀芯节流入口处的应力集中。阀的压力降主要是出现在节流口前后。各开度下流量控制阀阀芯最大应力出现在节流孔入口处,最大应力分别为0.130 9、0.034 9、0.008 7、0.003 7、0.001 8、0.000 8、0.000 48 MPa。小于ICV金属材料的许用应力,符合设计要求。
流量控制阀阀芯在常温高压工况下的壁面压差图结果如图8所示。可以看出,在一级开度下压降值最大,随着开度的增大压降逐渐降低。阀芯最大应力出现在节流孔入口处,最大应力分别为0.368 2、0.584 3、0.009 1、0.002 1、0.000 8、0.000 49 MPa。4级开度下流量控制阀阀芯最大应力出现在阀芯左端,其最大值为27.93 MPa。小于ICV金属材料的许用应力,符合设计要求。
流量控制阀阀芯在高温高压工况下的壁面压差图结果如图9所示。在一级开度下压降值最大,随着开度的增大压降逐渐降低。1、2、3级开度下流量控制阀阀芯最大应力出现在节流孔入口处,最大应力分别为0.366 2、0.584 3、0.009 1、0.002 1、0.000 8、0.000 49 MPa。4级开度下流量控制阀阀芯最大应力出现在阀芯左端,其最大值为27.93 MPa。小于ICV金属材料的许用应力,符合设计要求。
通过对图6~图9不同开度下压差值进行对比可得出在不同工况下流量控制阀阀芯压差值相差不大,说明在井筒复杂温压工况下节流阀套内流体通过阀门的阻力相对稳定,流量控制阀在不同工况下能够较为均匀地控制流体通过阀门的速度和流量。这种情况下,系统具有较好的稳定性和可控性。
以速度1 000 m3/d,含水率50%为例,对节流阀套进行流场分析:流量控制阀阀芯在常温常压工况下的壁面压差图结果如图10所示,可以看出,阀芯节流入口处的应力集中。阀的压力降主要是出现在节流口前后。与图10中4~7开度下压差图进行对比分析,可以看出,随着流速的增大,不同开度、不同工况下的压差明显增大。最大应力分别为12.12、3.1、0.816 3、0.030 5、0.010 69、0.005 98、0.000 28 MPa。小于ICV金属材料的许用应力,符合设计要求。
图6图10进行对比分析,流量的改变对流量控制阀阀芯压差的影响较大。这是因为当液体通过流量控制阀时,阀芯的位置调整会改变流体通过阀门的截面积,从而影响流速。根据伯努利定律,当流速增加时,液体的动能增加,静压力就会下降。因此,随着阀芯流量的增加,流速增加,静压力降低,从而导致压差的巨变。液控式流量控制阀通常是通过反馈系统来实现精确的流量控制。阀芯的位置调整是通过液压反馈系统来完成的。在这个系统中,阀芯的位置受到液体流量的测量,并通过调整阀口来维持设定的流量。如果阀芯流量发生变化,反馈系统会迅速调整阀口,以稳定流量。
以速度100 m3/d,含水率70%为例,对节流阀套进行流场分析:流量控制阀阀芯在常温常压工况下的壁面压差图结果如图11所示。与图4的压差图进行对比分析,可以看出,随着含水率的增大,不同开度、不同工况下的压差逐渐增大。最大应力分别为0.136 0、0.035 6、0.009 2、0.003 7、0.000 48、0.000 08、0.000 05 MPa,均小于ICV金属材料的许用应力,符合设计要求。
对比图6图11可知,随着含水率的增大,不同开度、不同工况下的压差逐渐增大。这是由于随着含水率的增加,流体的黏度通常会增加。高黏度的流体在通过孔隙或通道时会遇到更大的阻力,从而导致压差增大。含水率增大还会导致材料饱和度的增加,即材料中的孔隙或通道被水填满。这样,流体在通过这些孔隙或通道时会遇到更多的阻力,导致压差增加。材料的渗透性通常也会随着含水率的增加而减小。这意味着流体在材料中移动时会受到更多的限制,需要更大的压力来推动流体通过。此外,随着含水率的增加,流体中的水含量增加,而水的密度通常较高。高密度流体需要更大的压力来推动,因此会导致压差增加。
基于数值模拟结果确定了井筒温压工况、调控级数、含水率及流量对节流阀套流量调控的影响规律。确定了不同开度(1~7)、不同工况条件(常温常压、常温高压、高温常压、高温高压)下,流量与压差的关系,如图12所示。
数值模拟分析结果(图12)表明:井筒温压工况对节流阀套流量调控性能的影响微小,在高温高压(125 ℃、50 MPa)条件下性能稳定,满足设计要求。在不同开度下,随着流量的增大,压差逐渐增大。在流量一定时,随着开度的增大压差逐渐减小。
根据模拟结果,计算7种开度与不同含水率条件下(0、30%、50%、70%、100%)各云图压差大小,进行汇总。图13为不同开度与含水率条件下流量-压差关系曲线(高温高压工况下),通过对数值模拟结果进行分析,得出流量与压差成正比,当流量与开度一定时,压差随含水率的升高而增大;当流量与含水率一定时,节流阀套的调控级数越大产生的压差越小。基于此,绘制节流阀套调控级数选择的图版,验证多级流量调控模块设计方案的合理性。
(1)基于流体流动数值模拟理论基础,利用Workbench·Fluent流体分析软件开展7个开度,不同含水率(0、30%、50%、70%、100%),不同排量(100、300、500、700、1 000 m3/d)在不同工况(常温常压、常温高压、高温常压、高温高压)下节流阀套流体流动仿真分析。在不同工况下流量控制阀阀芯压差值相差不大,说明在井筒复杂温压工况下节流阀套内流体通过阀门的阻力相对稳定。
(2)以1~4级开度为例,对比流量100 m3/d,含水率50%情况下与流量1 000 m3/d,含水率50%情况下的压差图,表明流量的改变对流量控制阀阀芯压差的影响较大。对比流量100 m3/d,含水率50%情况下与流量100 m3/d,含水率70%情况下的压差图,表明随着含水率的增大,不同开度、不同工况下的压差逐渐增大。
(3)通过对全部数值模拟结果进行整合,模拟分析结果表明:井筒温压工况对节流阀套流量调控性能的影响微小。在不同开度下,随着流量的增大,压差逐渐增大。在流量一定时,随着开度的增大,压差逐渐减小。当流量与开度一定时,压差随含水率的升高而增大;当流量与含水率一定时,节流阀套的调控级数越大产生的压差越小。
  • 陕西省自然科学基金研究计划(2023-JC-YB-361)
  • 国家自然科学基金(52474007)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406647
  • 接收时间:2024-09-04
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-06-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-04
  • 修回日期:2025-03-20
基金
陕西省自然科学基金研究计划(2023-JC-YB-361)
国家自然科学基金(52474007)
作者信息
    1 中海油研究总院有限责任公司, 北京 100028
    2 西安石油大学石油工程学院, 西安 710065

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* 齐致远(1997—),男,满族,辽宁盘锦人,硕士,工程师。研究方向:海上油气井控水防砂完井。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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