Article(id=1149768565139620238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768563956826506, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404862, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1719590400000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-29, revisedDate=1741017600000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752055787595, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1749312000000, pubDateStr=2025-06-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752055787595, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752055787595, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752055787595, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149768563956826506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='16', pageStart='6587', pageEnd='7021', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752055787314, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456850262, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559607937618069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768563956826506, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559607937618070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149768563956826506, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=6619, endPage=6627, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149768565311586703, articleId=1149768565139620238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Integrated Research on Complex Fracturing Simulation of Horizontal Wells, columnId=1156262729351549255, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Astronomy and Geosciences, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The Chang 63 sand formation in Block A of Ordos Basin is an ultra-low permeability reservoir, which is difficult to be conventionally exploited. At present, horizontal well fracturing is widely used for development. According to the physical characteristics of ultra-low permeability reservoir, the geomechanical model and fracturing simulation software, combined with embedded discrete fracture method were used to characterize the artificial fractures generated by fracturing simulation of Chang 63 sand formation, and carried out numerical simulation research based on this. Through this integrated process, the integrated simulation of complex fracturing of horizontal wells were realized, and the efficiency of horizontal well development was improved. The results show that the embedded discrete fracture method can effectively combine fracturing and numerical simulation, and realize the integrated flow from fracturing to numerical simulation of horizontal wells. The accuracy of the numerical model was verified by the historical fitting of the production mode of fixed oil production. By adjusting the relevant parameters to optimize the model, it is more in line with the actual production situation of the well group, which is conducive to the subsequent development plan adjustment and production forecast.

, correspAuthors=Ai-rong LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Kai-li ZHAO, Ai-rong LI, Zhi-hong YU, Yue HUANG, Bin-dong HOU, Meng LIU, Shuai YIN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149768580557882262, articleId=1149768565139620238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=水平井复杂缝网压裂模拟一体化研究, columnId=1156262730077163858, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·天文学、地球科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

鄂尔多斯盆地A区块长63砂组为超低渗储层,常规开采难度大,目前普遍采用水平井压裂的开发方式。针对超低渗储层物性特征,利用地质力学模型和压裂模拟软件,结合嵌入式离散裂缝方法对长63砂组压裂模拟产生的人工裂缝进行表征,并基于此开展数值模拟研究。通过这一整合流程,实现水平井复杂压裂的一体化模拟,提高水平井开发的效率。结果表明:嵌入式离散裂缝方法可以将压裂与数值模拟有效结合,实现水平井从压裂到数值模拟一体化的流程;采用定产油的生产方式进行历史拟合,验证数值模型的准确性。通过不断调整相关参数优化模型,使其更加符合井组生产实际情况,有利于后续开发方案调整和生产预测。

, correspAuthors=李爱荣, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 李爱荣(1976—),女,汉族,陕西西安人,博士,副教授。研究方向:油气田开发地质、油藏描述及储层评价。E-mail:
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赵凯丽(1998—),女,汉族,山西长治人,硕士研究生。研究方向:石油地质。E-mail:

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赵凯丽(1998—),女,汉族,山西长治人,硕士研究生。研究方向:石油地质。E-mail:

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赵凯丽(1998—),女,汉族,山西长治人,硕士研究生。研究方向:石油地质。E-mail:

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Krw为水的相对渗透率;Kro为油的相对渗透率

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Horizontal well fracturing reconstruction situation

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参数 数值
施工排量/(m3·min-1) 3.7
压裂段数/段 11~12
布缝密度/(段·m-1) 1.2
支撑剂量/t 500
加砂强度/(t·m-1) 0.38
入地液量/m3 3 927.4
平均半缝高/m 20~24
平均半缝长/m 100~120
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水平井压裂改造情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
施工排量/(m3·min-1) 3.7
压裂段数/段 11~12
布缝密度/(段·m-1) 1.2
支撑剂量/t 500
加砂强度/(t·m-1) 0.38
入地液量/m3 3 927.4
平均半缝高/m 20~24
平均半缝长/m 100~120
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Basic parameters of reservoir model

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油藏参数 数值
基质平均渗透率/mD 0.01~5.22
基质平均孔隙度 0.06~0.18
基质含油饱和度/% 47
初始油藏压力/MPa 18
人工裂缝开度/m 0.01
人工裂缝渗透率/mD 1 000
模型基质网格数 (X×Y×Z) 163×114×13
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油藏模型基本参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
油藏参数 数值
基质平均渗透率/mD 0.01~5.22
基质平均孔隙度 0.06~0.18
基质含油饱和度/% 47
初始油藏压力/MPa 18
人工裂缝开度/m 0.01
人工裂缝渗透率/mD 1 000
模型基质网格数 (X×Y×Z) 163×114×13
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水平井复杂缝网压裂模拟一体化研究
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赵凯丽 1, 2 , 李爱荣 1, 2, * , 余志红 3 , 黄跃 4 , 侯宾东 1, 2 , 刘梦 1, 2 , 尹帅 1, 2
科学技术与工程 | 论文·天文学、地球科学 2025,25(16): 6619-6627
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·天文学、地球科学 2025, 25(16): 6619-6627
水平井复杂缝网压裂模拟一体化研究
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赵凯丽1, 2 , 李爱荣1, 2, * , 余志红3, 黄跃4, 侯宾东1, 2, 刘梦1, 2, 尹帅1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院, 西安 710065
  • 2 西安石油大学陕西省油气成藏地质学重点实验室, 西安 710065
  • 3 中国劳动关系学院安全工程学院, 北京 100048
  • 4 北京中科鑫宇科技发展有限公司, 北京 100083
  • 赵凯丽(1998—),女,汉族,山西长治人,硕士研究生。研究方向:石油地质。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 李爱荣(1976—),女,汉族,陕西西安人,博士,副教授。研究方向:油气田开发地质、油藏描述及储层评价。E-mail:
Integrated Research on Complex Fracturing Simulation of Horizontal Wells
Kai-li ZHAO1, 2 , Ai-rong LI1, 2, * , Zhi-hong YU3, Yue HUANG4, Bin-dong HOU1, 2, Meng LIU1, 2, Shuai YIN1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Earth Science and Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
  • 2 Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Geology, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
  • 3 School of Safety Engineering, China Institute of Industrial Relations, Beijing 100048, China
  • 4 Beijing Zhongke Xinyu Technology Development Limited Company, Beijing 100083, China
出版时间: 2025-06-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404862
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鄂尔多斯盆地A区块长63砂组为超低渗储层,常规开采难度大,目前普遍采用水平井压裂的开发方式。针对超低渗储层物性特征,利用地质力学模型和压裂模拟软件,结合嵌入式离散裂缝方法对长63砂组压裂模拟产生的人工裂缝进行表征,并基于此开展数值模拟研究。通过这一整合流程,实现水平井复杂压裂的一体化模拟,提高水平井开发的效率。结果表明:嵌入式离散裂缝方法可以将压裂与数值模拟有效结合,实现水平井从压裂到数值模拟一体化的流程;采用定产油的生产方式进行历史拟合,验证数值模型的准确性。通过不断调整相关参数优化模型,使其更加符合井组生产实际情况,有利于后续开发方案调整和生产预测。

水平井  /  复杂压裂  /  数值模拟  /  嵌入式离散裂缝  /  一体化

The Chang 63 sand formation in Block A of Ordos Basin is an ultra-low permeability reservoir, which is difficult to be conventionally exploited. At present, horizontal well fracturing is widely used for development. According to the physical characteristics of ultra-low permeability reservoir, the geomechanical model and fracturing simulation software, combined with embedded discrete fracture method were used to characterize the artificial fractures generated by fracturing simulation of Chang 63 sand formation, and carried out numerical simulation research based on this. Through this integrated process, the integrated simulation of complex fracturing of horizontal wells were realized, and the efficiency of horizontal well development was improved. The results show that the embedded discrete fracture method can effectively combine fracturing and numerical simulation, and realize the integrated flow from fracturing to numerical simulation of horizontal wells. The accuracy of the numerical model was verified by the historical fitting of the production mode of fixed oil production. By adjusting the relevant parameters to optimize the model, it is more in line with the actual production situation of the well group, which is conducive to the subsequent development plan adjustment and production forecast.

horizontal well  /  complex fracturing  /  numerical simulation  /  embedded discrete crack  /  integration
赵凯丽, 李爱荣, 余志红, 黄跃, 侯宾东, 刘梦, 尹帅. 水平井复杂缝网压裂模拟一体化研究. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (16) : 6619 -6627 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404862
Kai-li ZHAO, Ai-rong LI, Zhi-hong YU, Yue HUANG, Bin-dong HOU, Meng LIU, Shuai YIN. Integrated Research on Complex Fracturing Simulation of Horizontal Wells[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (16) : 6619 -6627 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404862
低渗透油藏由于储层环境复杂、物性差、砂体种类多、水驱采出程度低,开采难度大,因此,往往处于低产低效开发状态。而压裂开发技术的兴起,在提升已动用油藏的开发效果、尽快实现有效开发中,起着关键的作用[1-3]。其中,水平井结合大规模体积压裂的开发方式,是一种有效的增产技术[4-5]。但是,水平井在大规模压裂后通常会形成较为复杂的人工缝网,而常规的数值模拟方法只能通过人为的方式,将压裂裂缝设为简单的双翼对称缝或通过在人工裂缝周围进行局部加密的方式来模拟储层改造体积,无法真实描述水力裂缝网的三维展布[6]。因此,将裂缝系统与油藏数值模拟有机结合,如何真实有效地表征压裂裂缝,一直以来是困扰大家的难题[7]。当前,大型商业化数值模拟软件,都是在油藏地质模型网格系统的基础上对压裂裂缝进行表征,裂缝形态与属性均为静态。其中,局部网格加密方法(local grid refinement,LGR)以正交网格系统为基础对裂缝进行表征,该方法对裂缝的表征,形态是规则的,裂缝属性参数是通过网格直接赋值的,因此,模型收敛性差,容易出错;Mangrove以非结构化网格系统为基础对裂缝进行表征,该方法主要适用于大规模缝网压裂的水平井,其表征的裂缝更加精细,在形态上表现得更为不规则,裂缝属性参数在整个油藏开发过程中为静态,无法真实模拟整个过程中裂缝的动态演变规律[8];离散裂缝模型虽然可以真实表征裂缝形态,但是当裂缝密度大、分布较为复杂时,网格剖分的难度加大,计算过程消耗时间过长,模拟效率变低。嵌入式离散裂缝方法(embedded discrete fracture model,EDFM),采用非相邻连接方法将离散裂缝网格嵌入常规网格当中,使得该方法同时具有双重介质模型和离散裂缝模型的裂缝处理方法,提高了模拟的精度和速度[7,9]
尽管中外学者在裂缝扩展方面做出了许多探索,提出了很多种方法和理论,但是很少有学者将这些方法运用到油藏数值模拟当中,进行储层压裂水平井生产动态研究和产能预测[7]。为了实现裂缝系统与油藏数值模拟的有效结合,地质工程一体化模拟技术应运而生,它融合多学科、多技术,将地质建模与数值模拟相结合,实现了低渗透油藏特征多维可视化,为后续水力压裂模拟及数值模拟提供条件[10]。该方法在考虑地质特征对储层影响的同时,也将非均质的岩石力学参数对裂缝扩展的影响考虑在内;将地质勘探、油气藏精细描述,到地质模型建立、三维地质力学模型建立、地应力模型建立,以及水力压裂裂缝数值模拟无缝衔接[11],完成了从地质到工程一体化的裂缝扩展机理研究。
研究区为鄂尔多斯盆地A区块长63亚段超低渗储层,常规开采难度大,需要对水平井进行分段压裂,形成人工裂缝,以此改善区块渗流能力,提高产量。本次水平井复杂压裂模拟一体化研究将借助复杂压裂模拟一体化平台ZFRAC-RE,数值模拟采用CMG软件,采用EDFM实现裂缝模拟和油藏数值模拟的无缝耦合。该方法,可以将ZFRAC-RE模拟出的裂缝数据体导出为数值模拟软件CMG适配的数据体,减少了压裂模拟和数值模拟之间数据体转化的时间成本,并且克服了其他裂缝模拟技术的不足,提高了地质工程一体化模拟流程的效率。本次水平井复杂压裂模拟一体化对研究区三口水平井井1、井2、井3开展一体化压裂及油藏生产数值模拟,以此实现水平井复杂压裂的一体化开发,进一步提高水平井开发效率。
鄂尔多斯盆地位于华北地台西部[12-14],是一个具有多旋回演化、多构造体系、多沉积类型的大型克拉通盆地[15-18],为中国第二大盆地[19-20],整体上呈现出西陡东缓的特征[21]。在构造上,盆地分为伊盟隆起、伊陕斜坡、渭北隆起、晋西挠褶带、天环坳陷及西缘逆冲带6个构造单元[12-13],如图1所示。
研究区位于鄂尔多斯盆地西南部A区块[22],发育东西向低幅度的排状鼻状隆起。区块内发育多套含油层系,包括长3、长4+5、长6、长8等。其中,长6油层组砂体最为发育,含油性良好,是鄂尔多斯盆地内重要的含油层系之一[23]。长6油层组又可以划分为长61、长62、长63砂组[24],研究区块主要集中在长63砂组[25],其主要开发层系为三叠系延长组长6油层组长 6 3 1、长 6 3 2,以长 6 3 1小层为主。长63砂组平均渗透率为0.08,平均孔隙度为0.18,储层物性差,非均质性强,为超低渗储层,储量可动用程度低[22],目前采用水平井压裂的开发方式。
裂缝扩展技术是油气开采中提高储层渗透率和油气产量的关键技术。根据前人研究可知,水力裂缝起裂和裂缝网络扩展的方法主要有矿场试验、室内试验、数值模拟等。其中,数值模拟成为水力裂缝扩展和延伸研究的重要方法。当前,主要的裂缝扩展数值模拟的方法有:位移不连续模型、有限元模型、扩展有限元模型、离散裂缝和非常规网络模型、分形裂缝网络模型等[26]。三维位移不连续法的压裂模拟方法,将储层岩石力学性质、裂缝形态、支撑剂分布、水力裂缝间的干扰作用考虑在内,因此,采用该方法进行压裂模拟。
本次研究整体上分为以下步骤,如图2所示。首先,根据研究区地质力学模型,利用压裂模拟软件ZFRAC-RE进行了压裂模拟;其次,采用嵌入式离散裂缝方法,对前期压裂模拟结果进行表征;最后,利用数值模拟软件CMG,对裂缝表征结果进行处理,并根据生产数据进行历史拟合,完成了本次水平井复杂压裂一体化流程。
研究区地质模型(图3)范围是2 900 m×2 800 m×50 m,网格平均大小为20 m×20 m×2 m,三口井从左至右依次为井1 、井2、井3。其主要属性参数有孔隙度、渗透率、含油饱和度。其中,孔隙度在0.03 ~ 0.18,渗透率在0.01~5.22 mD,含油饱和度在0.15~0.85,如图4所示。
地质力学参数主要有杨氏模量、泊松比、地应力。杨氏模量16~30 GPa,泊松比0.22~0.28,地应力23.32~44.32 MPa,最大主应力范围为30.9~44.32 MPa,最小主应力范围为23.32~37.11 MPa,如图5所示。
非常规储层均发育有不同程度的天然裂缝,水力压裂技术是目前中外开发该类储层的核心技术,在体积压裂过程中,由水力压裂形成的裂缝与天然裂缝相互间干扰,形成了具有明显的多尺度特征的复杂裂缝网格[27]
裂缝作为一个三维实体[28],其单一裂缝的扩展,流体流动只包括裂缝内的流体流动。多个裂缝的扩展,流体流动包括:裂缝中的流体流动、水平井筒中的流体流动和所有裂缝的总物质平衡。水力裂缝中流体流动根据流体力学的Navier-Stokes方程计算。在两个平行和平滑的裂缝面之间的通道中,假设压力梯度均匀时,Navier-Stokes方程可以简化为
2 p s = C f h - n ' w - ( 2 n ' + 1 ) q n '
C f = 2 n ' + 1 k ' 1 + 2 n ' n ' n '
式中:p为流体压力,Pa;q为注入流量,m3/min;Cf为压缩系数;h为裂缝高度,m;w为水力裂缝宽度,m;s为水力裂缝的长度,m;n'为流体流性指数,无量纲;k'为流体幂律指数。
根据研究区的静态三维地质模型和地质力学模型,结合三维位移不连续的压裂模拟方法,利用商业软件Zfrac-RE复杂压裂模拟一体化平台,根据流体在水力裂缝中流动的流体力学的Navier-Stokes方程,建立了裂缝扩展模型,完成研究区目标井组的复杂压裂模拟,压裂模拟结果如图6所示。
图6中可以看出,压裂模拟完成后,裂缝扩展的几何形态较为简单,大部分呈平直状态,其扩展方向整体上与水平井井筒垂直,分布在井筒两侧,与最大主应力方向基本一致。应力大的方向,裂缝扩展长度会更长,应力较小的方向,裂缝扩展长度则偏小。目标井组井1、井2、井3压裂模拟改造情况如表1所示,平均半缝长为100~120 m,平均半缝高为20~24 m。
完成复杂压裂模拟之后,采用嵌入式离散裂缝模拟方法对前期模拟的复杂裂缝进行定量化表征。
嵌入式离散模型[29-30]采用结构化基质网格,将裂缝作为额外网格嵌入到基质网格当中,并引入非相邻连接。之后,Moinfar等[31]将嵌入式离散裂缝扩展到三维,嵌入式离散裂缝方法不断完善和发展,计算效率得到改善。
嵌入式离散裂缝模拟方法中,模型采用笛卡尔网格离散并在裂缝中引入非邻近网格(图7[27]),裂缝的影响通过非邻近网格间的传导率来进行模拟。这种方法创建了与相应基质网格对应的裂缝网格,用来代表裂缝与基质之间的流体传递[27],通过非相邻连接模式将基质网格和裂缝网格连接起来。采用这种方法,在保证裂缝刻画精度的同时,可以大幅度提高模拟效率[32]
通过嵌入式离散裂缝方法对裂缝进行表征,获取便于数值模拟器进行高精度模拟的裂缝数据体,建立包括完整裂缝属性的数值模拟模型,如图8所示。
图8所示,由嵌入式离散裂缝模拟方法对裂缝进行表征而形成的裂缝数据体,与前期压裂模拟形成的裂缝扩展模拟结果基本一致,表明该方法可以精确地对目标井组的复杂裂缝进行定量化表征,以便提高后期数值模拟的效率。
油藏数值模拟能够模拟地下油水流动,预测油气藏的压力变化、产量变化和流体分布等关键参数,为油气田的开发提供科学依据。
由于研究区为超低渗储层,基于油藏类型和地质模型[33],根据基初始油藏压力、基质平均渗透率、基质平均孔隙度、基质含油饱和度等相关油藏参数(表2),由前期嵌入式离散裂缝模拟方法对裂缝进行表征后获取到的裂缝数据体,利用数值模拟软件CMG,建立研究区目标井组数值模拟模型——IMEX黑油模型。
该数值模拟模型建立了两套相渗曲线,分别为基质相渗曲线和裂缝相渗曲线(图9)。
通过对目标井组进行数值模拟,得到三口井的压力、饱和度变化状况以及产油量和储层改造体积的数据。该模拟结果表明,目标井组三口井的产量、压力和饱和度均发生变化,经分析对比后发现,此次压裂模拟改造效果整体上较为显著。
压力、饱和度变化如图10所示,沿井筒两侧,压力、饱和度变化显著,幅度较大。井1井压力变化幅度最小、饱和度变化幅度最小,井2井次之,井3井压力、饱和度变化最大。
井组三口井压裂模拟后产量变化明显。由井组生产数据得知,目标井组三口井压裂前平均产油量为3.83 m3/d,井1、井2、井3压裂前平均产油量分别为3.49、3.64、4.37 m3/d。压裂模拟后,井组三口井初期平均产油量8.68 m3/d,比压裂前平均产油量3.83 m3/d,增加了1.18倍。其中,井1压裂后初期平均产油量8.13 m3/d,井2压裂后初期平均产油量9.55 m3/d,井3压裂后初期平均产油量8.35 m3/d。经过对比发现,压裂模拟后产量变化显著,均有大幅度提升。
目标井组三口井压裂后,储层改造体积明显。三口井储层总改造体积为1 933 851.3 m3,单井平均改造体积为644 617.1 m3。其中,井1储层改造体积为552 610.3 m3,井2储层改造体积为596 755.1 m3,井3储层改造体积为784 485.9 m3
综上所述,目标井组的压力、饱和度、平均产油量对比及储层改造体积可知,此次压裂模拟效果明显。
为了验证上述数值模型的可靠性,提高其模拟预测的准确性,在数值模拟的基础上,以井组生产数据为基础,对目标井组三口井的日产油、日产水、井底流压进行历史拟合。
本次拟合,采取定产油的生产方式,通过调整相关参数,包括基质渗透率、裂缝渗透率、压力等,对三口井进行历史拟合,井1、井2、井3日产油、日产水和井底流压的拟合结果如图11~图13所示。在定产油的生产制度下,三口水平井日产油量拟合程度均较好,其中通过调整单井的生产压力,可以提高其拟合程度,如井2。
拟合结果(图11~图13)表明,模拟数据与生产数据拟合程度较高,与井组实际生产情况较为贴合,验证了此次建立的数值模型的准确性和适用性。
综上所述,通过数值模型模拟得出的产油量、储层改造体积数据以及历史拟合结果可知,基于嵌入式离散裂缝模拟方法建立的油藏数值模型准确度较高,可以较为准确地对井组进行生产预测,有利于后续开发方案的调整,优化油田的生产。
(1)通过嵌入式离散裂缝方法,将压裂模拟与数值模拟有效结合,实现了水平井从压裂模拟到数值模拟一体化。
(2)压裂模拟结果表明,井组水平井压裂效果明显,产油量变化较大。储层改造总体积为1 933 851.3 m3,压裂后平均产油量比压裂前平均产油量3.83 m3/d,增加了1.18倍。裂缝扩展的几何形态较为简单,大部分呈平直状态,扩展方向与最大主应力方向基本一致,整体上与水平井井筒垂直,分布在井筒两侧。应力大的方向,裂缝扩展长度更长,相反时,则偏小。
(3)采用定产油生产方式,将模拟数据与井组生产数据进行历史拟合,以验证模型的精度。拟合结果表明,二者之间拟合程度较好,更加符合井组生产实际情况。因此,基于嵌入式离散裂缝模拟方法建立的油藏数值模型可靠性较高,可以为后续开发方案调整和生产动态预测提供指导。
  • 国家自然科学基金(41772140)
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2025年第25卷第16期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404862
  • 接收时间:2024-06-29
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-06-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-29
  • 修回日期:2025-03-04
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国家自然科学基金(41772140)
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    1 西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院, 西安 710065
    2 西安石油大学陕西省油气成藏地质学重点实验室, 西安 710065
    3 中国劳动关系学院安全工程学院, 北京 100048
    4 北京中科鑫宇科技发展有限公司, 北京 100083

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* 李爱荣(1976—),女,汉族,陕西西安人,博士,副教授。研究方向:油气田开发地质、油藏描述及储层评价。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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