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The study area is located in the southeastern part of the Badanjilin Basin, in the Benbatu region. Multiple airborne radiometric anomalies have been discovered in the area. To further explore the causes of these anomalies and provide references for subsequent uranium exploration work, these airborne radioactive anomalies were classified, summarized, ground verified, and analyzed for their potential for uranium mineralization. The results show that there are two types of anomalies in the area, one is a densely distributed strong anomaly in the central part, which is mainly an airborne radiometric anomaly for exploring hard sandstone-type uranium ores. The other is a weak anomaly distributed in a strip in the southeast, which is mainly an anomaly for exploring in-situ leachable sandstone-type uranium ores and represents a new type of uranium mineralization discovered in the area. By combining regional geological data, the potential for mineralization of the weak anomalies HFU-03 and HFU-04 was analyzed. The research results provide new clues and ideas for the types of uranium exploration in the area.

, correspAuthors=Shun XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Shun XU, Xian-hong WU, Jiang-kun LI, Ya-yun LU, Jia-ji NIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149768582055248874, articleId=1149768564778910091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=巴丹吉林盆地本巴图地区航放异常成因及HFU-03和HFU-04异常铀成矿潜力, columnId=1156262730077163858, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·天文学、地球科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

研究区位于巴丹吉林盆地东南部本巴图地区。区内发现多处航放异常,为进一步探究异常成因并对下一步找铀工作提供参考,本次对这些航放异常进行分类、归纳总结、地面查证及铀矿找矿潜力分析。结果表明:区内存在中部密集分布的强航放异常和东南部带状分布的弱异常两类,前者主要是寻找硬砂岩型铀矿线索的航放异常,后者主要是寻找可地浸砂岩型铀矿线索,也是在区内发现的铀成矿的新类型。结合区域地质资料对弱航放HFU-03和HFU-04异常成矿潜力进行分析。研究成果为区内铀找矿类型提供新线索及新思路。

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徐顺(1997—),男,汉族,湖北随州人,硕士,助理工程师。研究方向:航空物探与铀矿勘查。E-mail:

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徐顺(1997—),男,汉族,湖北随州人,硕士,助理工程师。研究方向:航空物探与铀矿勘查。E-mail:

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徐顺(1997—),男,汉族,湖北随州人,硕士,助理工程师。研究方向:航空物探与铀矿勘查。E-mail:

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1为第四系风积物;2为第四系洪积物;3为乌兰苏海组;4为苏红图组;5为巴音戈壁组上岩段;6为下白垩统巴音戈壁组下段;7为流纹斑岩;8为二长花岗岩;9为花岗闪长岩;10为已知断裂;11为推断断裂;12为航放异常点;13为地名

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1为下白垩统苏红图组;2为下白垩统巴音戈壁组上段;3为下白垩统巴音戈壁组下段;4为晚海西期花岗岩;5为断裂

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Summary of the characteristics of the aerial release anomalies in the study area and preliminary understanding

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异常编号 异常特征 初步认识 异常分类
HFU-01 异常产于巴音戈壁组下岩段,异常幅值30~40 μg/g,最高可达85 μg/g,背景在18~23 μg/g 异常与富含铁质、钙质、锰质的褐色含砾砂岩和灰绿色泥岩相关,具备较好的“泥-砂-泥”结构,岩石富含铁、锰质及有机质,层位含铀丰富,具备铀成矿条件,但受后期热液活动,岩石固结度较高 弱异常、硬砂岩型
HFU-02 异常产于巴音戈壁组下岩段,异常幅值40~50 μg/g,最高可达59 μg/g,背景值20~22 μg/g 异常分布在黄色石英砂岩中,富含有机质、铁质,见细脉网状石英脉分布,蚀变有褐铁矿化,少量硅化、白云母化等,具备铀成矿线索,但受后期热液活动,岩石固结度较高 弱异常、硬砂岩型
HFU-03 异常分布在巴音戈壁组下岩段,异常幅值30~60 μg/g,最高可达187 μg/g,背景值20~24 μg/g 在异常出露区见巴音戈壁组下岩段从上至下为灰绿色泥岩、灰色含砾粗砂岩、黄色砂岩、褐色含砾粗砂岩,具有较好“泥-砂-泥”结构,岩石固结差,透水性好,在异常一带铀含量较高,且随深度增加铀含量明显增加。该异常具备较好的可地浸砂岩型铀成矿条件 弱异常、可地浸砂岩型
HFU-04 异常分布在巴音戈壁组下岩段,异常幅值30~40 μg/g,主异常一带60~80 μg/g,最高可达157 μg/g,背景值20~25 μg/g 该异常与HFU-03处于同一带中,特征相似,在出露区见巴音戈壁组下岩段从上至下为灰绿色泥岩、灰色含砾粗砂岩、黄色砂岩、褐色含砾粗砂岩,具有较好“泥-砂-泥”结构,岩石固结差,透水性好,在异常一带铀含量较高,且随深度增加铀含量明显增加。该异常具备较好的可地浸砂岩型铀成矿条件 弱异常、可地浸砂岩型
HFU-05 异常产于巴音戈壁组下岩段,异常幅值30~50 μg/g,主异常一带70~110 μg/g,最高可达113 μg/g,背景值20~25 μg/g 在异常东部见巴音戈壁组下岩段从上至下为灰绿色泥岩、灰色含砾粗砂岩、黄色砂岩、褐色含砾粗砂岩,具有较好“泥-砂-泥”结构,岩石固结差,透水性好。该异常具备较好的可地浸砂岩型铀成矿条件 弱异常、可地浸砂岩型
HFU-14 异常分布巴音戈壁组上段,异常幅值50~180 μg/g,最高可达335 μg/g,背景值20~22 μg/g 该异常与富含铁质、钙质、锰质的黄褐色含砾砂岩相关,该异常具备较好的“泥-砂-泥”结构,岩石富含铁、锰质及有机质,层位含铀丰富,具备较好铀成矿条件,但受后期热液活动,岩石固结度较高 强异常、硬砂岩型
HFU-15 异常分布巴音戈壁组上段,异常幅值30~56 μg/g,最高可达126 μg/g,背景值19~22 μg/g 该异常与富含铁质、钙质、锰质的黄褐色含砾砂岩相关,该异常具备较好的“泥-砂-泥”结构,岩石富含铁、锰质及有机质,层位含铀丰富,具备较好铀成矿条件,但受后期热液活动,岩石固结度较高 强异常、硬砂岩型
HFU-16 异常分布巴音戈壁组上段,异常幅值30~64 μg/g,最高可达138 μg/g,背景值17~23 μg/g 该异常与富含铁质、钙质、锰质的黄褐色含砾砂岩相关,该异常具备较好的“泥-砂-泥”结构,岩石富含铁、锰质及有机质,层位含铀丰富,具备较好铀成矿条件,但受后期热液活动,岩石固结度较高 强异常、硬砂岩型
), ArticleFig(id=1177981071674196115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768564778910091, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究区航放异常特征总结及初步认识

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异常编号 异常特征 初步认识 异常分类
HFU-01 异常产于巴音戈壁组下岩段,异常幅值30~40 μg/g,最高可达85 μg/g,背景在18~23 μg/g 异常与富含铁质、钙质、锰质的褐色含砾砂岩和灰绿色泥岩相关,具备较好的“泥-砂-泥”结构,岩石富含铁、锰质及有机质,层位含铀丰富,具备铀成矿条件,但受后期热液活动,岩石固结度较高 弱异常、硬砂岩型
HFU-02 异常产于巴音戈壁组下岩段,异常幅值40~50 μg/g,最高可达59 μg/g,背景值20~22 μg/g 异常分布在黄色石英砂岩中,富含有机质、铁质,见细脉网状石英脉分布,蚀变有褐铁矿化,少量硅化、白云母化等,具备铀成矿线索,但受后期热液活动,岩石固结度较高 弱异常、硬砂岩型
HFU-03 异常分布在巴音戈壁组下岩段,异常幅值30~60 μg/g,最高可达187 μg/g,背景值20~24 μg/g 在异常出露区见巴音戈壁组下岩段从上至下为灰绿色泥岩、灰色含砾粗砂岩、黄色砂岩、褐色含砾粗砂岩,具有较好“泥-砂-泥”结构,岩石固结差,透水性好,在异常一带铀含量较高,且随深度增加铀含量明显增加。该异常具备较好的可地浸砂岩型铀成矿条件 弱异常、可地浸砂岩型
HFU-04 异常分布在巴音戈壁组下岩段,异常幅值30~40 μg/g,主异常一带60~80 μg/g,最高可达157 μg/g,背景值20~25 μg/g 该异常与HFU-03处于同一带中,特征相似,在出露区见巴音戈壁组下岩段从上至下为灰绿色泥岩、灰色含砾粗砂岩、黄色砂岩、褐色含砾粗砂岩,具有较好“泥-砂-泥”结构,岩石固结差,透水性好,在异常一带铀含量较高,且随深度增加铀含量明显增加。该异常具备较好的可地浸砂岩型铀成矿条件 弱异常、可地浸砂岩型
HFU-05 异常产于巴音戈壁组下岩段,异常幅值30~50 μg/g,主异常一带70~110 μg/g,最高可达113 μg/g,背景值20~25 μg/g 在异常东部见巴音戈壁组下岩段从上至下为灰绿色泥岩、灰色含砾粗砂岩、黄色砂岩、褐色含砾粗砂岩,具有较好“泥-砂-泥”结构,岩石固结差,透水性好。该异常具备较好的可地浸砂岩型铀成矿条件 弱异常、可地浸砂岩型
HFU-14 异常分布巴音戈壁组上段,异常幅值50~180 μg/g,最高可达335 μg/g,背景值20~22 μg/g 该异常与富含铁质、钙质、锰质的黄褐色含砾砂岩相关,该异常具备较好的“泥-砂-泥”结构,岩石富含铁、锰质及有机质,层位含铀丰富,具备较好铀成矿条件,但受后期热液活动,岩石固结度较高 强异常、硬砂岩型
HFU-15 异常分布巴音戈壁组上段,异常幅值30~56 μg/g,最高可达126 μg/g,背景值19~22 μg/g 该异常与富含铁质、钙质、锰质的黄褐色含砾砂岩相关,该异常具备较好的“泥-砂-泥”结构,岩石富含铁、锰质及有机质,层位含铀丰富,具备较好铀成矿条件,但受后期热液活动,岩石固结度较高 强异常、硬砂岩型
HFU-16 异常分布巴音戈壁组上段,异常幅值30~64 μg/g,最高可达138 μg/g,背景值17~23 μg/g 该异常与富含铁质、钙质、锰质的黄褐色含砾砂岩相关,该异常具备较好的“泥-砂-泥”结构,岩石富含铁、锰质及有机质,层位含铀丰富,具备较好铀成矿条件,但受后期热液活动,岩石固结度较高 强异常、硬砂岩型
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巴丹吉林盆地本巴图地区航放异常成因及HFU-03和HFU-04异常铀成矿潜力
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徐顺 1, 2, 3 , 伍显红 1, 2, 3 , 李江坤 1, 2, 3 , 卢亚运 1, 2, 3 , 牛家骥 1, 2, 3
科学技术与工程 | 论文·天文学、地球科学 2025,25(16): 6642-6651
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·天文学、地球科学 2025, 25(16): 6642-6651
巴丹吉林盆地本巴图地区航放异常成因及HFU-03和HFU-04异常铀成矿潜力
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徐顺1, 2, 3 , 伍显红1, 2, 3, 李江坤1, 2, 3, 卢亚运1, 2, 3, 牛家骥1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1 核工业航测遥感中心, 石家庄 050002
  • 2 中核集团铀资源地球物理勘查技术中心重点实验室, 石家庄 050002
  • 3 河北省航空探测与遥感技术重点实验室, 石家庄 050002
  • 徐顺(1997—),男,汉族,湖北随州人,硕士,助理工程师。研究方向:航空物探与铀矿勘查。E-mail:

Airborne Radioactive Anomalies and Uranium Mineralization Potential of HFU-03 and HFU-04 in Benbatu Area, Badanjilin Basin
Shun XU1, 2, 3 , Xian-hong WU1, 2, 3, Jiang-kun LI1, 2, 3, Ya-yun LU1, 2, 3, Jia-ji NIU1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1 Airborne Survey and Remote Sensing Center of Nuclear Industry, Shijiazhuang 050002, China
  • 2 CNNC Key Laboratory of Uranium Resource Geophysical Exploration, Shijiazhuang 050002, China
  • 3 Hebei Key Laboratory of Airborne Survey and Remote Sensing Technology, Shijiazhuang 050002, China
出版时间: 2025-06-08 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405551
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研究区位于巴丹吉林盆地东南部本巴图地区。区内发现多处航放异常,为进一步探究异常成因并对下一步找铀工作提供参考,本次对这些航放异常进行分类、归纳总结、地面查证及铀矿找矿潜力分析。结果表明:区内存在中部密集分布的强航放异常和东南部带状分布的弱异常两类,前者主要是寻找硬砂岩型铀矿线索的航放异常,后者主要是寻找可地浸砂岩型铀矿线索,也是在区内发现的铀成矿的新类型。结合区域地质资料对弱航放HFU-03和HFU-04异常成矿潜力进行分析。研究成果为区内铀找矿类型提供新线索及新思路。

可地浸砂岩型铀矿  /  航放异常  /  巴丹吉林盆地  /  铀成矿潜力

The study area is located in the southeastern part of the Badanjilin Basin, in the Benbatu region. Multiple airborne radiometric anomalies have been discovered in the area. To further explore the causes of these anomalies and provide references for subsequent uranium exploration work, these airborne radioactive anomalies were classified, summarized, ground verified, and analyzed for their potential for uranium mineralization. The results show that there are two types of anomalies in the area, one is a densely distributed strong anomaly in the central part, which is mainly an airborne radiometric anomaly for exploring hard sandstone-type uranium ores. The other is a weak anomaly distributed in a strip in the southeast, which is mainly an anomaly for exploring in-situ leachable sandstone-type uranium ores and represents a new type of uranium mineralization discovered in the area. By combining regional geological data, the potential for mineralization of the weak anomalies HFU-03 and HFU-04 was analyzed. The research results provide new clues and ideas for the types of uranium exploration in the area.

in-situ leachable sandstone-type uranium deposit  /  airborne radioactive anomalies  /  Badanjilin Basin  /  uranium mineralization potential
徐顺, 伍显红, 李江坤, 卢亚运, 牛家骥. 巴丹吉林盆地本巴图地区航放异常成因及HFU-03和HFU-04异常铀成矿潜力. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (16) : 6642 -6651 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405551
Shun XU, Xian-hong WU, Jiang-kun LI, Ya-yun LU, Jia-ji NIU. Airborne Radioactive Anomalies and Uranium Mineralization Potential of HFU-03 and HFU-04 in Benbatu Area, Badanjilin Basin[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (16) : 6642 -6651 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405551
砂岩型铀矿是目前中国铀矿勘探的主要类型[1]。目前,已在中国北方柴达木、鄂尔多斯、松辽等盆地发现砂岩型铀矿[1-3]。巴丹吉林盆地位于蒙古高原西部,具有较好的铀矿找矿前景,前人相继在盆地内发现了测老庙、塔木素等一大批铀矿床、矿点,是中国北方重要的铀资源聚集地[3-4]。近年来,各勘探队伍在盆地内铀矿勘查中取得了一定成果。卢亚运等[4]利用航放航磁数据在盆地内开展成矿预测,圈定了找矿有利区域。申科峰等[5]在盆地内开展钻探揭露评价,见工业矿孔,进而发现了塔木素矿床。罗森森等[6]结合钻孔查证情况,系统总结了盆地内路井凹陷的铀成矿条件,明确了找矿方向。许亚鑫等[7]通过岩矿学、地球化学综合分析,对盆地沉积相及铀富集规律研究、铀成矿机理进行了探讨。田玉川[8]通过研究构造演化与铀成矿作用关系,对盆地内铀成矿潜力进行初步评价。
航空放射性场数据来源于核工业航测遥感中心2023年在本巴图地区开展的1∶50 000高精度航空物探调查项目,铀含量测量总精度为0.32 μg/g。在本巴图地区共计发现航放铀异常8个,结果表明,异常峰值较高的密集分布强异常,虽有较好的成矿前景,但主要分布在下白垩统巴音戈壁组上段硬砂岩中,属于硬砂岩型,目前开采难度较大,经济价值不高,是巴丹吉林盆地目前发现的主要成矿类型。现急需寻找的是可地浸的砂岩型铀矿的线索,本次通过对该区航放资料分析,在强航放异常东侧有带状弱异常或高场分布,对应下白垩统巴音戈壁组下段,通过实地查证,这些弱异常对应地层具有较好的“泥-砂-泥”结构,岩石固结差,透水性好,铀含量高,具备较好可地浸砂岩型铀成矿潜力,也是在盆地内发现的铀成矿的新类型,在该地区具有更好的找矿指示意义。因此有必要对该区异常成因及典型弱航放HFU-03和HFU-04异常开展地面三级查证工作,对其成矿潜力进行分析。
巴丹吉林盆地大地构造位置属于塔里木板块、哈萨克斯坦板块、西伯利亚板块和华北板块的结合部位[6,9],表现为受阿尔金走滑断裂控制的中新生代沉积盆地[9-10]
研究区位于盆地东南部本巴图地区,为盆地内凹陷区,大地构造位置属于查干德勒苏坳陷的次级构造单元[11](图1),地貌表现为盆山结合带山前荒漠戈壁地貌景观,地势东高西低平缓降低,植被不发育。盆地基底由太古宇、古元古界变质岩、寒武系-泥盆系碎屑岩和火山岩等组成,盖层为中新生界陆相沉积,沉积填充主体为下白垩统巴音戈壁组、苏红图组、银根组和上白垩统乌兰苏海组[9,12]。下白垩统巴音戈壁组上段是目前盆地砂岩型铀矿勘探的主要目标层位[9]
区内地表多为第四系覆盖,区内主要出露白垩系地层,以下白垩统巴音戈壁组、上白垩统乌兰苏海组和下白垩统苏红图组为主(图2)。岩浆岩以二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩和流纹斑岩等,区内构造方向为NE向。
研究区航放特征整体呈现中间高四周低(图3),研究区东北部和南部主要分布全系统风积物,以松散风成砂为主,对应航放低场。区内大部分地区分布更新统湖积砂土、砂砾,对应航放背景场。研究区东部分布大面积弧形航放高场,主要对应找矿目的层白垩系巴音戈壁组地层和二叠纪、三叠纪花岗岩花岗闪长岩等。白垩系地层表现出航放铀含量高背景特征,显示其层位本身富铀。铀异常多分布在巴音戈壁组中,异常多呈尖峰状,在多条测线上反映明显,规模较大(图4)。而岩体主要表现为整体航放高背景,异常不明显。本巴图地区内已发现的铀矿床及矿点均位于本巴图西南部航放高场内,在航放Tc含量平面剖面图和U含量平面剖面图上反映明显,在该高场的南部、东部分布小规模条带异常,两条或单条测线反映明显、呈单峰异常,主要分布在巴音戈壁组下段,具有较好的成矿潜力。
根据航空放射性测量结果,结合区域物化探、地质和矿产等资料,共筛选出重点航放铀异常8个,分别为HFU-01、HFU-02、HFU-03、HFU-04、HFU-05、HFU-14、HFU-15和HFU-16;其中HFU-14、HFU-15和HFU-16异常峰值较高,属于强航放异常;其余异常产于弱异常条带中,属于弱航放异常。其航放异常特征及地质分布分别如图5图2所示。
为进一步分析航放异常成因,对上述筛选的8个航放铀异常进行实地异常查证,结果表明,上述异常均产出于下白垩统巴音戈壁组砂岩、泥岩、含砾砂岩互层中,具备较好的“泥-砂-泥”结构,岩石富含铁、锰质及有机质,层位含铀丰富,具备较好铀成矿条件。其中HFU-14、HFU-15和HFU-16异常属于强航放异常,虽有成矿前景,但由于后期受到强烈的岩浆热液活动,导致其岩石固结程度较高,对形成可地浸的砂岩型铀矿具有较大影响,属于硬砂岩型,目前开采难度大,经济价值不高;相比而言,处于弱异常带的HFU-03、HFU-04异常虽峰值较弱,但其铀含量也达到了异常下限,且未受热液活动影响,岩石疏松,固结差,透水性好,具有形成可地浸砂岩型铀矿的有利条件。
根据初查结果,结合地质条件,认为HFU-03与HFU-04异常具有较好的可地浸铀成矿条件,是本次查证工作在盆地内发现的新的铀成矿类型,值得进行进一步的工作。区域上,HFU-03与HFU-04异常均位于北东向带状航放高场带中,以尖峰状为特征。根据区域地质图,HFU-03异常被第四系洪积物所覆盖、HFU-04异常分布在巴音戈壁组下岩段中(图2)。
根据空中异常特征和地面异常特征,对上述8个航放异常进行统计分析,总结其放射性元素含量、异常性质、幅值、范围及地质特征等,得到对异常的初步认识及分类,如表1所示。
根据异常放射性元素含量、异常性质、幅值、范围及地质特征等,可将上述8个异常的成因大致分为3类,具体如下。
(1)HFU-01、HFU-02异常为产于巴音戈壁组下岩段的弱异常,分布在砂岩与泥岩之中,岩石富含铁质、钙质、锰质及有机质,含铀量高,局部见网状石英脉,蚀变有褐铁矿化、硅化、白云母化等,由于受后期热液活动影响,岩石的固结程度较高,故形成硬砂岩型铀异常。
(2)HFU-03、HFU-04、HFU-05异常为产于巴音戈壁组下岩段的弱异常,出露区见巴音戈壁组下岩段从上至下灰绿色泥岩、灰色含砾粗砂岩、黄色砂岩、褐色含砾粗砂岩,具备较好的“泥-砂-泥”结构,异常未受到后期热液活动改造,岩石固结差,透水性好,且层位本身铀含量较高,随深度增加铀含量明显增加,故具有较好的可地浸砂岩型铀成矿条件,形成可地浸砂岩型铀异常。
(3)HFU-14、HFU-15、HFU-16异常为产于巴音戈壁组上岩段的强异常,异常分布在黄褐色含砾砂岩中,具备较好的“泥-砂-泥”结构,岩石富含铁质、锰质及有机质,含铀量高,具备较好的铀成矿条件。但由于受到后期热液活动改造,岩石固结程度较高,故形成硬砂岩型铀异常。
为分析HFU-03、HFU-04异常的铀成矿潜力,采用伽马总计数率测量、伽马能谱测量和土壤氡及其子体测量3种测量方法(图6)。其中,伽马总计数率测量主要用于确定主异常位置并大致圈定异常范围,伽马能谱测量用于确定放射性元素当量含量,土壤氡及其子体测量可以反映深部的放射性信息,用于分析异常成因。
本次研究在HFU-03布置了5条南北向测线,异常中心地段线距100 m,外围延伸至200 m,点距40 m,异常地段点距加密至5~20 m,伽玛能谱测量剖面测量5条,共计5.08 m、土壤氡剖面测量3条,共计4.16 km;在HFU-04布置了5条南北向测线,异常中心地段线距100 m,外围延伸至200 m,点距40 m,开展地面伽玛能谱测量剖面测量5条,共计4 km、土壤氡剖面测量2条,共计1.68 km。
HFU-03异常位于阿拉善右旗银根乡本巴图南约4 km处,异常呈北东向展布,长度约300 m,宽约150 m,总量测量异常幅值30~60 μg/g,最高可达187 μg/g;HFU-04异常位于阿拉善左旗银根乡本巴图西南约4.5 km处,与HFU-03异常相距1.5 km,异常呈北东向展布,长度约400 m,宽约250 m,总量测量异常幅值30~40 μg/g,主异常一带60~80 μg/g,最高可达157 μg/g;异常均产于巴音戈壁组下岩段风化堆积层中,地表被第四系洪积物覆盖。
地面查证主异常均分布在巴音戈壁组下岩段风化堆积物中,地表主要为灰色、黄绿色风化的砾和砂(图7),深部为灰色的砾和砂(图8),这些均为、含砾砂岩风化的产物,风化物砾、砂富含铁质、锰质、有机质等,以松散状为特征;HFU-03异常东南部分布在巴音戈壁组下岩段层位具备较好“泥-砂-泥”结构(图9),从上至下为灰绿色泥岩(厚度约7 m)、灰色含砾粗砂岩(厚度约10 m)、黄色砂岩(厚度约5 m),粒度均匀,结构松散(图10)、褐色含砾粗砂岩(厚度约5 m),在强风化地段多以褐黄色、黄色为主,局部风化地段多为黄绿色、灰色;这些层位岩石多以松散结构为特征,透水性好的特征,HFU-03异常地层产状325o∠12o,HFU-04异常地层产状320°∠10°。HFU-03异常东北部和HFU-04异常东南部外围均分布大面积二长花岗岩。其余地段第四系灰黄色砂土及风成细砂覆盖区,局部见灰绿色泥质砂土、砖红色粉砂质砂土,表层散布风化残留的泥质岩碎片。
由地面伽玛能谱测量(图11图12)及统计结果可知,HFU-03异常Tc和U有明显异常显示,异常呈北东向展布,长度约350 m,宽约180 m,总量测量异常幅值多在30~60 μg/g,最高可达187 μg/g,背景值20~24 μg/g。向下挖坑10 cm,可达249 μg/g,向下挖坑25 cm,可达425 μg/g;能谱测量铀含量异常幅值多在9~40 μg/g,最高可达187 μg/g,为巴音戈壁组下岩段强风化黄绿、灰白色砾石和砂土,在异常最高出向下挖坑10 cm,可达195.3 μg/g;向下挖坑25 cm,可达327.1 μg/g,为巴音戈壁组下岩段强风化灰白色砾石和砂土,富含有机质,表明随深度增加铀含量明显增加,表明异常一带有较好的铀聚集条件,背景值3~6 μg/g。
HFU-04异常Tc、U均有明显异常显示,Tc、U异常呈北东向展布,长度约400 m,宽约250 m;总量测量异常幅值30~40 μg/g,主异常一带60~80 μg/g,最高可达157 μg/g,背景值20~25 μg/g。幅值最高处向下挖坑5 cm,可达274 μg/g,向下挖坑20 cm,可达454 μg/g;向下挖坑25 cm,可达502 μg/g;能谱测量铀含量异常幅值多在9~40 μg/g,最高可达225.9 μg/g,向下挖坑5 cm,可达238.8 μg/g,向下挖坑20 cm,可达341.4 μg/g,向下挖坑25 cm,可达371.6 μg/g,为巴音戈壁组下岩段强风化灰白色砾石和砂土,富含有机质;背景值3~6 μg/g,表明随深度增加铀含量明显增加,异常与巴音戈壁组下岩段强风化灰白色砾石和砂土相关,原岩可能是灰色、灰黑色含砾粗砂岩。
HFU-03异常土壤氡浓度测量结果(图13)表明,异常区氡浓度背景值不高,一般为1~2.0 kBq/m3,土壤氡浓度异常一般在3~8.0 kBq/m3,极大值为36.3 kBq/m3。从平面特征上看,氡异常呈断续北西向的带状高值带,约为600 m×200 m,在异常中心向北西向延伸,在异常中心一带及北西600 m处出现两处异常幅值最高,剖面中3条测线反映明显,异常区中心及西北部段剖面反映最为明显。在异常中心向西北一带随目的层埋深增加任有较好异常显示,表明从异常中心点向西北一带深部有较好含铀层,也表明该带具备铀富集成矿的条件,同时也是铀富集成矿的有利地段。
HFU-04异常土壤氡浓度测量结果(图14)表明,土壤氡异常主要分布在铀异常中心一带,氡浓度异常值不高,一般在3~6.0 kBq/m3,极大值为8.5 kBq/m3。背景值为1~2.0 kBq/m3,也表明异常带具备铀富集成矿的条件,也是铀富集成矿的有利地段。
根据航放异常特征、地层条件、成矿环境、伽马能谱和土壤氡结果等特征分析,HFU-03与HFU-04异常具有相同的异常成因,在异常外围均见大面积二长花岗岩出露,且有含量较高,为异常的形成提供了充足铀源;另外,从蚀源区到异常至盆地中心,地势由高变低,与地层产状一致,从而为异常形成和铀成矿提供了较好的水动力条件。
研究区内良好的成矿环境是富铀层位形成的关键,从铀源、构造和水文地质3个方面进一步探讨异常形成的内在机制。
研究区南部蚀源区发育的岩浆岩具有较高的铀含量。区内富铀地层、岩体及其铀平均含量如下:下白垩统巴音戈壁组黄色砂砾岩铀含量为20.1~24.6 μg/g,花岗岩中铀含量为2.75~19.4 μg/g[9]。表明该地区花岗岩铀含量和地层铀含量本底值均较高,具有极为丰富的铀源。
蚀源区老地层和岩体均具备为异常区提供铀源的良好条件,且中、新生界层位本身具有较高的铀含量,铀活化运移特征明显,有利于铀的富集成矿,具有较好的铀成矿潜力。
研究区位于巴丹吉林盆地东南部盆山结合带部位,在区域上经历了多期复杂的基底构造演化阶段以及隆起剥蚀、火山岩浆活动等盖层演化阶段,在盆地内形成了多个隆坳相间的构造格局[13-15]。本巴图凹陷位于狼山西NE向断裂西侧,阿木山NE向断裂东南侧。该坳陷受NE向断裂控制,呈NE向分布,由巴音毛道凹陷和阿木凸起组成。巴音毛道凹陷是一个小型单断型凹陷。盖层由中、下侏罗统、下白垩统及上白垩统组成。晚白垩世末至新近纪,该凹陷表现强的逆冲断层-褶皱构造作用,使先成的地层产生逆冲断块掀斜及褶皱隆升变形,形成逆断-褶皱组合构造样式(图15),使其部分目的层出露地表,有利于含铀含氧水向深部聚集,从而形成较好砂岩型铀成矿的构造环境。总之,多期次的构造、岩浆活动及沉积演化为U元素的活化、迁移、富集成矿提供了保障。
研究区内第四系沉积物直接接受大气降水和地表水的补给,水量充足,与下伏地层有较强的水动力联系,异常区一带,下白垩统巴音戈壁组下段地层普遍发育砂体,砂体以半干旱环境下的冲积扇-扇三角洲沉积[17-18]。异常区下白垩统巴音戈壁组下段地层从上至下为灰绿色泥岩(厚度约7 m)、灰色含砾粗砂岩(厚度约10 m)、黄色砂岩(厚度约5 m),具备较好的“泥-砂-泥”结构,粒度均匀,结构松散,岩石固结差,透水性好。
异常区接近南部蚀源区,南部地下水总体流向一直保持由南向北的径流趋势,在不同的次级凹陷中略呈分散状,地下水流向与当时的沉积物迁移和地层相带展布方向长期保持一致[16]。地下水及地表水总体由盆缘高山蚀源区向盆地中央补给,总体上形成由蚀源区-盆地排泄区组成的一套完整的补-径-排水动力系统。且补给区具有较高的U含量,异常区在空间上属于径流区末端和排泄区,具有充足的含铀含氧水补给,具备由南向北完整的补-径-排水动力条件。
研究区下白垩统巴音戈壁组下段地层富含铁质、锰质、有机质等,从铀源条件、水动力条件、富集特征、伽马能谱、土壤氡结果等特征分析,HFU-03、HFU-04异常具有较好的“泥-砂-泥”结构,岩石固结差,透水性好,且规模大、铀含量高,具备较好的可地浸砂岩型铀成矿条件和找矿潜力。
(1)区内存在两种特征的航放异常,密集分布的强航放异常是寻找硬砂岩型铀矿的主要线索,而线形或带状分布的弱航放异常则是寻找可地浸砂岩型铀矿的重要线索。
(2)分布在巴音戈壁组下岩段的带状弱异常具有较好的“泥-砂-泥”结构,岩石固结差,透水性好,具备较好的可地浸砂岩型铀矿成矿条件,是区内新发现的铀成矿类型,为研究区铀矿勘查提供了新思路和新线索,值得进一步开展工作。
(3)HFU-03、HFU-04异常分布在同一地层带中,相距约1.5 km,推测两个异常在深部融为一体。异常查证表明:异常主要分布在巴音戈壁组下岩段风化层中,具有较好的“泥-砂-泥”结构,岩石固结差,透水性好,具备较好的砂岩型铀矿成矿条件,且规模大、铀含量高。主异常一带,伽马能谱测量铀含量均大于190 μg/g,向下挖至20 cm,铀含量均大于320 μg/g,具备较好的可地浸条件,建议继续开展铀矿勘查和钻探揭露工作。
  • 中核集团集中研发科研项目(WDZC-2023)
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2025年第25卷第16期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405551
  • 接收时间:2024-07-24
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-06-08
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-24
  • 修回日期:2025-03-10
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中核集团集中研发科研项目(WDZC-2023)
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    1 核工业航测遥感中心, 石家庄 050002
    2 中核集团铀资源地球物理勘查技术中心重点实验室, 石家庄 050002
    3 河北省航空探测与遥感技术重点实验室, 石家庄 050002
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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