Article(id=1289914302463328373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1279495830260396249, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2504044, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1748534400000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-30, revisedDate=1763481600000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1785469135156, onlineDateStr=2026-07-31, pubDate=1776441600000, pubDateStr=2026-04-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1785469135156, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-31, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1785469135156, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1785469135156, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1279495830260396249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2026', volume='26', issue='11', pageStart='4471', pageEnd='4911', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1776441600000', pubDateStr='2026-04-18', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782985177815, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782985177815, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=4612, endPage=4620, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1289914308326965372, articleId=1289914302463328373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Analysis of Controlling Factors for Unplugged Sand Control Screens Based on Multivariate Experiments and Regression Modeling, columnId=1156963928296219492, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Erosional damage to sand control screens from sand-laden fluids is a critical issue affecting well integrity and service life. Existing research has predominantly focused on screen plugging conditions, while the erosion mechanism under unplugged conditions remains poorly understood. Laboratory experiments, numerical simulation, and a multiple regression model was integrated to systematically deconstruct the effects of flow velocity, particle size, and sand flow rate on screen erosion. The experimental results indicate that screen mass loss increases with all three factors, with the influence of flow velocity being the most significant and exhibiting an accelerating trend. Numerical simulations revealed that erosion is concentrated in narrow flow passages, such as screen slots, which suffer severe scouring due to localized flow acceleration. The regression analysis quantified the contribution of each factor: flow velocity had the highest impact at 56.1%, followed by sand flow rate at 35.7%, and particle size having the lowest at 8.2%. The study confirms that flow velocity is the primary controlling factor for erosion in unplugged screens and should be given special consideration in sand control operations. The findings provide an experimental basis and theoretical reference for the optimization of sand control measures and screen structural design.

, authors=Bi-qiang GAO1, 2, Li-juan WU1, *, Wen-jie WU3, Yi-shan LOU1, Meng-yue NI2, authorsList=Bi-qiang GAO, Li-juan WU, Wen-jie WU, Yi-shan LOU, Meng-yue NI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Li-juan WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1289914362278297789, articleId=1289914302463328373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于多变量实验与回归模型的未堵塞筛网冲蚀主控因素分析, columnId=1154013913785032705, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=石油、天然气工业, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

防砂筛网在含砂流体中的冲蚀损伤,是影响油井安全生产和筛网服役寿命的关键问题。现有研究多集中于筛网堵塞工况,而对未堵塞条件下砂粒冲蚀机理的认识尚浅。融合室内实验、数值仿真与多元回归模型相结合的方法,对流体流速、砂粒粒径及砂粒流量的影响规律进行了系统性解构。实验结果表明筛网的质量损失随3种因素的增大均加剧,其中流速的影响最为显著,呈加速增长趋势;数值仿真揭示了冲蚀损伤集中分布于筛网夹缝等狭窄流通区域,这些区域的局部流速加剧导致了严重冲刷;权重回归分析量化了各因素的影响,流体流速占比最高为56.1%,其次为砂粒流量35.7%,砂粒粒径占比最低为8.2%。研究证实,流体流速是未堵塞筛网冲蚀损伤的首要控制因素,在防砂作业中应重点考量。研究结果为油田防砂措施优化与筛网结构改进提供了实验依据与理论参考。

, authors=高必强1, 2, 伍丽娟1, *, 吴文杰3, 楼一珊1, 倪梦玥2, authorsList=高必强, 伍丽娟, 吴文杰, 楼一珊, 倪梦玥, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=伍丽娟, authorNote=

高必强(2000—),男,汉族,湖北荆州人,硕士研究生。研究方向:油井筛网防砂等。E-mail:

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* 伍丽娟(1982—),女,汉族,湖北松滋人,博士,讲师。研究方向:油气钻采与地面集输工艺等。E-mail:
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高必强(2000—),男,汉族,湖北荆州人,硕士研究生。研究方向:油井筛网防砂等。E-mail:

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高必强(2000—),男,汉族,湖北荆州人,硕士研究生。研究方向:油井筛网防砂等。E-mail:

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Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2020, 189: 106997., articleTitle=Analysis and simulation of erosion of sand control screens in deep water gas well and its practical application, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1289914496626049649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1289914302463328373, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=376, issue=null, pageStart=1130, pageEnd=1137, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Karimi S, Shirazi S A, McLaury B S, journalName=Wear, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Karimi S, Shirazi S A, McLaury B S. Predicting fine particle erosion utilizing computational fluid dynamics[J]. Wear, 2017, 376: 1130-1137., articleTitle=Predicting fine particle erosion utilizing computational fluid dynamics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1289914496680575602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1289914302463328373, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=11, pageStart=80, pageEnd=82, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=37, authorNames=谢双霜, 柴文文, 王亮, journalName=中国集体经济, refType=null, unstructuredReference=谢双霜, 柴文文, 王亮. 基于多元线性回归的海洋工程海上作业综合工效权重分析[J]. 中国集体经济, 2022(11): 80-82., articleTitle=基于多元线性回归的海洋工程海上作业综合工效权重分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1289914496743490163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1289914302463328373, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=11, pageStart=80, pageEnd=82, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Xie Shuangshuang, Chai Wenwen, Wang Liang, journalName=China Collective Economy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xie Shuangshuang, Chai Wenwen, Wang Liang. Comprehensive operational efficiency weight analysis for offshore operations in marine engineering based on multiple linear regression[J]. China Collective Economy, 2022(11): 80-82., articleTitle=Comprehensive operational efficiency weight analysis for offshore operations in marine engineering based on multiple linear regression, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1289914496823181940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1289914302463328373, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=85, issue=null, pageStart=103706, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Alghurabi A, Mohyaldinn M, Jufar S, journalName=Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Alghurabi A, Mohyaldinn M, Jufar S, et al. CFD numerical simulation of standalone sand screen erosion due to gas-sand flow[J]. 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1为数据终端处理系统;2为数据采集系统;3为压力传感器;4为流量计;5为阀门;6为混砂器;7为加砂器;8为砂罐;9为搅拌器;10为除尘系统;11为盛砂器;12为加速管;13为喷嘴;14为试件夹具;15为试验样式;16为空气压缩机

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journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1289914302463328373, language=CN, label=图15, caption=现场冲蚀图, figureFileSmall=3oabm9yUXoD9A6HtcZVO4w==, figureFileBig=cgSn+TLlehjWQGPOTgWHnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1289914491500610114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1289914302463328373, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Erosion experimental scheme

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砂粒流量/
(kg·s-1)
流体流速/
(m·s-1)
砂粒粒径/μm 挡砂精
度/μm
砂粒密度/
(kg·m-3)
0.16 2、3、4、5 30、56、72、86 250 2 600
0.28 2、3、4、5 30、56、72、86 250 2 600
0.40 2、3、4、5 30、56、72、86 250 2 600
0.52 2、3、4、5 30、56、72、86 250 2 600
0.64 2、3、4、5 30、56、72、86 250 2 600
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冲蚀实验方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
砂粒流量/
(kg·s-1)
流体流速/
(m·s-1)
砂粒粒径/μm 挡砂精
度/μm
砂粒密度/
(kg·m-3)
0.16 2、3、4、5 30、56、72、86 250 2 600
0.28 2、3、4、5 30、56、72、86 250 2 600
0.40 2、3、4、5 30、56、72、86 250 2 600
0.52 2、3、4、5 30、56、72、86 250 2 600
0.64 2、3、4、5 30、56、72、86 250 2 600
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Specifications and dimensions of the sand control metal mesh

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单根筛网纬
丝直径/mm
金属筛网
网长/mm
金属筛网
网宽/mm
单根筛网经
丝直径/mm
0.5 21 8 0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1289914491706131013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1289914302463328373, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

防砂金属网布规格尺寸

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单根筛网纬
丝直径/mm
金属筛网
网长/mm
金属筛网
网宽/mm
单根筛网经
丝直径/mm
0.5 21 8 0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1289914491760656966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1289914302463328373, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Statistical results of the regression analysis

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影响
因素
回归
系数 β
影响占
比/%
显著性
检验P
决定系数
R2
流体流速 0.55 56.1 P<0.01 0.87
砂粒流量 0.35 35.7 P<0.01
砂粒粒径 0.08 8.2 P<0.05
), ArticleFig(id=1289914491840348743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1289914302463328373, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

回归结果统计

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影响
因素
回归
系数 β
影响占
比/%
显著性
检验P
决定系数
R2
流体流速 0.55 56.1 P<0.01 0.87
砂粒流量 0.35 35.7 P<0.01
砂粒粒径 0.08 8.2 P<0.05
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基于多变量实验与回归模型的未堵塞筛网冲蚀主控因素分析
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高必强 1, 2 , 伍丽娟 1, * , 吴文杰 3 , 楼一珊 1 , 倪梦玥 2
科学技术与工程 | 石油、天然气工业 2026,26(11): 4612-4620
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科学技术与工程 |石油、天然气工业 2026 , 26 (11) : 4612 -4620
基于多变量实验与回归模型的未堵塞筛网冲蚀主控因素分析
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高必强(2000—),男,汉族,湖北荆州人,硕士研究生。研究方向:油井筛网防砂等。E-mail:

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高必强(2000—),男,汉族,湖北荆州人,硕士研究生。研究方向:油井筛网防砂等。E-mail:

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高必强1, 2 , 伍丽娟1, * , 吴文杰3, 楼一珊1, 倪梦玥2
作者信息
  • 1 长江大学油气钻采工程湖北省重点实验室, 武汉 430100
  • 2 长江大学低碳催化与二氧化碳利用全国重点实验室, 武汉 430100
  • 3 中国石油新疆油田分公司吉庆油田作业区, 吉木萨尔 831700
通讯作者:
* 伍丽娟(1982—),女,汉族,湖北松滋人,博士,讲师。研究方向:油气钻采与地面集输工艺等。E-mail:
作者简介:

高必强(2000—),男,汉族,湖北荆州人,硕士研究生。研究方向:油井筛网防砂等。E-mail:

Analysis of Controlling Factors for Unplugged Sand Control Screens Based on Multivariate Experiments and Regression Modeling
Bi-qiang GAO1, 2 , Li-juan WU1, * , Wen-jie WU3, Yi-shan LOU1, Meng-yue NI2
Affiliations
  • 1 Hubei Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
  • 2 National Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
  • 3 Jiqing Oilfield Operation Area, Xinjiang Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Jimusar 831700, China
出版时间: 2026-04-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2504044
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防砂筛网在含砂流体中的冲蚀损伤,是影响油井安全生产和筛网服役寿命的关键问题。现有研究多集中于筛网堵塞工况,而对未堵塞条件下砂粒冲蚀机理的认识尚浅。融合室内实验、数值仿真与多元回归模型相结合的方法,对流体流速、砂粒粒径及砂粒流量的影响规律进行了系统性解构。实验结果表明筛网的质量损失随3种因素的增大均加剧,其中流速的影响最为显著,呈加速增长趋势;数值仿真揭示了冲蚀损伤集中分布于筛网夹缝等狭窄流通区域,这些区域的局部流速加剧导致了严重冲刷;权重回归分析量化了各因素的影响,流体流速占比最高为56.1%,其次为砂粒流量35.7%,砂粒粒径占比最低为8.2%。研究证实,流体流速是未堵塞筛网冲蚀损伤的首要控制因素,在防砂作业中应重点考量。研究结果为油田防砂措施优化与筛网结构改进提供了实验依据与理论参考。

防砂筛管  /  冲蚀机理  /  CFD仿真  /  回归分析  /  油田防砂

Erosional damage to sand control screens from sand-laden fluids is a critical issue affecting well integrity and service life. Existing research has predominantly focused on screen plugging conditions, while the erosion mechanism under unplugged conditions remains poorly understood. Laboratory experiments, numerical simulation, and a multiple regression model was integrated to systematically deconstruct the effects of flow velocity, particle size, and sand flow rate on screen erosion. The experimental results indicate that screen mass loss increases with all three factors, with the influence of flow velocity being the most significant and exhibiting an accelerating trend. Numerical simulations revealed that erosion is concentrated in narrow flow passages, such as screen slots, which suffer severe scouring due to localized flow acceleration. The regression analysis quantified the contribution of each factor: flow velocity had the highest impact at 56.1%, followed by sand flow rate at 35.7%, and particle size having the lowest at 8.2%. The study confirms that flow velocity is the primary controlling factor for erosion in unplugged screens and should be given special consideration in sand control operations. The findings provide an experimental basis and theoretical reference for the optimization of sand control measures and screen structural design.

sand control screen  /  erosion mechanism  /  CFD simulation  /  regression analysis  /  oilfield sand control
高必强, 伍丽娟, 吴文杰, 楼一珊, 倪梦玥. 基于多变量实验与回归模型的未堵塞筛网冲蚀主控因素分析. 科学技术与工程, 2026 , 26 (11) : 4612 -4620 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2504044
Bi-qiang GAO, Li-juan WU, Wen-jie WU, Yi-shan LOU, Meng-yue NI. Analysis of Controlling Factors for Unplugged Sand Control Screens Based on Multivariate Experiments and Regression Modeling[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2026 , 26 (11) : 4612 -4620 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2504044
在石油和天然气行业中,油井开采生产过程通常伴随砂粒的产生。砂粒伴随石油和天然气一起被携带进入系统。砂粒进入生产设备时,会持续对管道和设备冲刷产生损坏 [1],导致设备受损并缩短使用寿命。严重时会导致设备故障。在油田持续开采过程中,砂粒的冲蚀会严重危害石油生产系统,影响油田的正常开采。因此,采用防砂方法减少砂粒进入到开采系统至关重要[2]
近年来,中国学者针对防砂方法开展了较多研究,余莉等[3]采用自制防砂试验系统对出砂现象进行了全程和分段模拟认为渗流特征变化直接影响演化机理。聂松等[4]采用数值模拟方法对不同砾石防砂效果进行了实验,并设计了针对不同地层砂样针对性的砾石粒径选择方法而达到有效防砂。
张新平等[5]通过长期的调查和分析对筛网失效的原因进行了宏观评估认为泥质含量、含水率等是导致筛网防砂失效的原因。朱春明[6]的研究解释了地层砂粒度对出砂后筛管的产能影响。王玎珂[7]从坍塌治理的角度对防砂方式进行研究,为特定条件的油田提供了耐腐蚀、高承压的新型防砂筛管。上述研究分别从砂石粒径、筛网失效原因、地层砂影响以及新型材料的研发等角度对油田防砂方式提供了新的防砂方案。
目前,机械防砂方式在油田的应用中较多[8-10],其中优质筛管是机械防砂方式中常用的一种[11-13],优质筛管的防砂研究对于石油行业的开采作业有着重要的影响。随着石油与天然气行业勘探投入增加,更加复杂的油井和更深的油层,对筛网的功能要求越来越多。而地层中的砂粒形状、粒径;地层砂的组成成分;生产井的开采速度;砂流的含砂比例等[14-15]都可能成为影响筛网破坏的因素。目前已有的防砂研究更多集中于筛网的新型材料、结构优化以及技术改进的相关研究[16]。针对于筛网影响因素对筛网破坏的影响程度的比重研究较为缺乏。筛网的破坏在堵塞条件下主要为砂层的挤压变形破坏和局部承压塌陷[17],在未堵塞条件下由砂粒撞击导致的切削破坏较多[18]
综上所述,现针对现有研究中相对忽视的未堵塞工况开展筛网冲蚀研究,采用室内实验、数值仿真与多元回归模型相结合的综合研究方法,从宏观实验规律、微观流动机制和关键因素定量权重三个层面,对筛网冲蚀损伤进行系统性解构,以期明确冲蚀损伤的主控因素,为筛网优化设计和现场防砂措施提供更具针对性的量化依据。
实验所用优质筛管和金属筛网如图1所示。优质筛管由平纹网、方孔网、支撑网组成。支撑网和方孔网不起挡砂的作用,因此实验主要研究平纹网的冲蚀磨损情况。实验所用金属筛网挡砂精度为250 μm,根据架桥原理[19],当砂粒粒径达到筛孔尺寸的80%~120%时(即砂粒粒径约为筛孔精度的 0.8 ~ 1.2 倍),容易发生堵塞。砂粒粒径d与筛孔尺寸a的比达到0.6~0.7时,会出现明显的架桥堵塞现象,因此为了避免架桥效应引起的堵塞工况,筛选粒径为d/a<0.45的砂粒进行实验,实验仪器如图2所示。
采用筛析仪筛选出砂粒粒径(30、56、72、86 μm)的砂粒分别在不同流体流速、砂粒流量、砂粒粒径下进行实验。根据质量损失法测得筛网冲蚀前后质量损失,对筛网的冲蚀破坏程度进行分析。
实验采用自制的冲蚀磨损装置其示意图如图3所示。宏观观察冲蚀试样,确认样品筛网冲蚀前无外力损伤。使用丙酮、清水冲洗试样,去除表面污渍,保证筛网网孔通畅,冲蚀试样用脱脂棉擦拭。置于干燥箱中放置,干燥后称量(电子秤采用FA2004B型电子天平,精度达到0.000 1 g)和测定大小并保存记录。
测试拍摄试样微距照片,要求试样上有方向标记,保证实验前后拍摄的照片方向一致。将试样固定安装在基管上,放入高压釜冲蚀装置中,确认高压釜流体入口和出口管线工作正常,拧紧高压釜。将筛选好的砂粒按照配比装入砂罐内,调节加砂器控制砂粒和流体比例。准备干净的容器,用于测量冲蚀过程中的液体流量、含砂量;打开数据收集系统检测各测量点数据。开启液体循环伺服隔膜泵,将压力逐渐升至实验压力。
实验过程采用质量损失法测定每组实验金属网布筛网实验前后的质量损失。计算筛网冲蚀速率,以此作为筛网冲蚀程度评估标准。公式为
Q=$\frac{{m}_{\mathrm{h}}-{m}_{\mathrm{s}}}{tA}$
式(1)中:Q为金属网布筛网冲蚀速率,kg/(m2·s);mhms为筛网冲蚀前、后的质量,g;t为冲蚀时间,s;A为筛网样件面积,m2
为系统分析不同参数对筛网冲蚀行为的影响,分别在砂粒粒径为30、56、72、86 μm下,设置砂粒流量0.16~0.64 kg/s及流体流速2~5 m/s,开展系列冲蚀实验。实验方案如表1所示。
在未堵塞工况条件下对单层金属网在不同砂粒直径(30、56、72、86 μm)和不同流体流速(2、3、4、5 m/s)下进行冲蚀,冲蚀时间为72 h,冲蚀结束后取出,用去离子水轻轻冲洗试样,去除表面的残余颗粒,放入干燥箱中干燥20 min,取出冷却至室温后称重3次取平均值作为记录数据。用质量损失法统计的数据对实验结果进行分析。实验处理结果拟合曲线如图4所示。
图4可知,4种颗粒直径下的冲蚀速率均随流体流速升高而增加。这与动能理论有关:颗粒动能与速度的平方成正比[20]。流体流速越大,颗粒动能越大,砂粒撞击筛网丝径后,冲蚀越严重。因此,当流体流速由 2 m/s 提升至 5 m/s 时,筛网的质量损失增加;冲蚀随流速显著增强,流速对筛网破坏作用突出。
砂粒粒径对质量损失也有明显影响:在相同流体流速下,粒径越大冲蚀越强。在 4 m/s 和 5 m/s,较大粒径砂粒导致的质量损失更高,其中 86 μm 粒径下的质量损失达到实验峰值。由于较大粒径砂粒携带更高动能,其撞击更易在材料表面形成更深的塑性凹坑与变形;因此,粒径增大使冲蚀速率提高。在高流速下,较大粒径砂粒更易导致筛网严重的局部损伤。由图5图6可见,较小粒径砂粒冲蚀条件下,筛网表面虽被抛光而更为光滑,但整体挡砂结构未被破坏。由图6中抛光区所示,冲蚀主要发生在经丝与纬丝交汇处,交汇处的纬丝出现近似对称凹槽。综上,砂粒粒径与流速的耦合作用是影响冲蚀损伤程度的主要因素之一。
选用同样精度的筛网,在维持流体流速为2 m/s时,对金属网布在不同砂粒流量下(为0.16、0.28、0.40、0.52、0.64 kg/s)和不同砂粒粒径下(为30、56、72、86 μm)冲蚀,时间为48 h。冲蚀后取出,用清水轻轻冲洗试样,去除表面的砂粒,放入干燥箱中干燥20 min,取出冷却至室温后称重3次取平均值作为记录数据,如图7所示。
图7可知,筛网的质量损失与砂粒流量的影响呈现正相关。砂粒流量的增大使得筛网在同一时间内与砂粒的碰撞次数增长,因此增强了对筛网的切削的作用。这使得筛网的质量损失能够随着砂粒流量的增大保持增长趋势。因此,从结果上看砂粒流量是导致筛网冲蚀破坏的关键因素之一。
利用SolidWorks对防砂金属网布进行建模如图8所示建立的金属筛网模型挡砂精度为250 μm,金属网丝规格尺寸如表2所示。
主体计算区域采用笛卡尔网格进行划分,对壁面进行细化处理。并对网格进行无关性验证,如图9所知,当网格单元数量为1 722 477时,网格数量趋于平稳,满足无关性验证要求,且网格质量大于0.86,网格划分后以线框展示流体域内筛网如图10所示。
砂流在筛网冲蚀流动过程中为湍流,standard k-ε(k为湍流动能,ε为湍流耗散率)模型能准确反映筛网通道内的平均流动特征与湍动分布。因此,选用standard k-ε模型[21],其方程如下。
标准湍流动能输送方程为
$\frac{\partial \rho }{\partial t}$(ρk)+$\frac{\partial }{\partial {x}_{i}}$(ρkui)=$\frac{\partial }{\partial {x}_{j}}\left[\left(\mu +\frac{{\mu }_{\mathrm{t}}}{{\delta }_{\kappa }}\right)\frac{\partial k}{\partial {x}_{j}}\right]$+Gk+Gb-ρε-Ym+Sk
标准湍流耗散率输运方程为
$\frac{\partial }{\partial t}$(ρk)+$\frac{\partial }{\partial {x}_{i}}$(ρkui)=$\frac{\partial }{\partial {x}_{j}}\left[\left(\mu +\frac{{\mu }_{\mathrm{t}}}{{\delta }_{\kappa }}\right)\frac{\partial k}{\partial {x}_{j}}\right]$+c1ε$\frac{\epsilon }{k}$(Gk+G3εGb)-C2ερ$\frac{{\epsilon }^{2}}{k}$+Sε
式中:ρ为流体密度,kg/m3;t为时间,s ;k为湍流动能,J ;ui为流体平均速度,m/s;xi为空间坐标,mm;μ为层间流动黏性系数;μt为湍流黏性系数;Gk为速度引起的湍流动能;Gb为浮力引起的湍流动能;C为浮力项修正系数;ε为湍流动能耗散速率,J/s;σk= 1.0、σε= 1.3、Cε= 1.44、C= 1.92为经验常量;SkSε分别为kε的源项。
离散相模型(discrete phase model,DPM)能够同时描述连续流体与离散颗粒的相互作用,可追踪颗粒的运动轨迹及其对壁面的冲击过程,从而更准确地反映含砂流体中砂粒对筛网的冲蚀行为,其运动方程为
$\frac{\mathrm{d}{u}_{\mathrm{p}}}{\mathrm{d}t}$=FD(u-up)+$\frac{{g}_{x}({\rho }_{\mathrm{p}}-\rho )}{{\rho }_{\mathrm{p}}}$+Fx
式(4)中:up为颗粒的速度,m/s;u为携砂液速度,m/s;FD为固体颗粒受到的力,N;gx为重力在该方向上的分量,m/s;ρp为颗粒密度,kg/m3;ρ为携砂液密度,kg/m3;Fx为单位质量颗粒在x方向受到的其他力,N。
采用基于颗粒撞击动能的经验模型来预测材料表面的冲蚀速率,其表达式为
W=K$\frac{{m}_{\mathrm{p}}{v}^{2}}{HA}$
式(5)中:W为单位面积质量磨损速率,kg/(s·m2);K为无量纲经验常数;mp为颗粒质量流量,kg/s;v为颗粒撞击速度,m/s;H为材料硬度,N/m2 ;A为冲蚀区域面积,m2
数值模拟按照不同砂粒粒径和流体流速进行模拟,在砂粒粒径为30、56、72、86 μm条件下,分别设置流体流速为2、3、4、5 m/s的工况下开展筛网冲蚀。离散相模型入口端面设置喷射源,入口采用速度入口,出口处为大气压压力出口,壁面为无滑移壁面。砂粒密度2 600 kg/m3,流体为液态水。
图11所示为筛网表面冲蚀云图结果,筛网高冲蚀区域集中在筛网经丝与纬丝交界的夹缝处,而局部流场的加速会导致颗粒碰撞[22]加剧,增加筛网冲蚀的严重程度。在颗粒较小时,如图11(a)所示,冲蚀范围较分散,冲蚀强度较低,高冲蚀区域更加集中在孔隙边缘。随着流体流速增大,如图11(b)~图11(d)冲蚀区域更为集中,且冲蚀强度增加,高冲蚀区面积扩大,并逐渐从筛网经丝和纬丝交界的夹缝处向外延伸,在图11(d)中高冲蚀区域已呈现出明显且连续的条状分布。
图12可得,筛网冲蚀速率与流体流速、砂粒粒径均呈正相关。其中,流速对冲蚀速率的影响增长幅度随流速增加而逐渐加快;相比之下,砂粒粒径对冲蚀速率的影响增长则相对平缓。
结合以上内容,根据不同砂粒粒径和砂粒流量条件下进行进一步的仿真模拟,设置砂粒粒径为30、56、72、86 μm的4种颗粒依次进行砂粒流量为0.16、0.28、0.40、0.52、0.64 kg/s的仿真模拟,计算后的部分云图如图13所示,数据结果如图14所示。
图13(a)的结果可以看出,在初始0.16 kg/s砂粒流量下,云图的高冲蚀区域较为明显,依据图13(b)~图13(e)云图结果,流量的增加加剧了筛网的冲蚀损伤,在流量为0.64 kg/s时,筛网表面的冲蚀损伤高于其他流量条件下的筛网冲蚀损伤。依据图14中4种砂粒条件下冲蚀速率的变化情况可以观察到,流量对筛网冲蚀速率的影响是正相关的,与云图的结果一致,在小粒径(30 μm)时,砂粒流量对筛网冲蚀速率的影响明显低于其他3种粒径,说明流量在不同砂粒粒径条件下对筛网冲蚀速率的增幅影响是不一样的。相同砂粒流量条件下,当砂粒粒径较大时,冲蚀速率的增幅更大,而在砂粒粒径较小时,冲蚀速率的增幅较小。
为进一步验证数值仿真结果的准确性,引入渤海油田的现场防砂筛网失效实例。如图15所示为从该油田获取的、在2 m/s和4 m/s流体流速条件下服役后的筛网形貌。
图15(a)所示,筛网的部分经丝有变形,但整体结构保存较为完整,未发生灾难性破坏。然而,如图15(b)所示,筛网的破坏程度显著加剧,在经丝与纬丝的交界面已出现明显的冲蚀断面。
这一现场观测结果与4.1节中的数值仿真结论高度一致。图11中的仿真云图已准确预测,筛网的高冲蚀区域集中在“筛网经丝与纬丝交界的夹缝处”。而图15(b)所示渤海油田的现场实例中,筛网的实际断裂位置恰好发生在该交界面,完美印证了仿真的预测。
综上,现场实例与仿真结果相互验证,均证实:流体流速的增加会急剧加重筛网损伤;且筛网结构中的狭窄夹缝处是冲蚀最严重的薄弱环节,在高速冲刷下将优先发生断裂。
在多个因素对某一结果的独立影响及其相对权重计算中,回归方程能更好地对该类问题进行计算研究[23-25]。对影响因素做权重分析处理,计算公式为
Y=β0+β1X1+β2X2+β3X3+ε
式(6)中:Y为冲蚀质量损失,g;X1为流体流速,m/s;X2为砂粒流量,kg/s;X3为砂粒粒径,μm;βi为标准化后的回归系数;ε为误差项。
为消除量纲差异对回归系数的影响,采用标准化处理,计算公式为
Zi=$\frac{{X}_{i}-\overline{{X}_{i}}}{\sigma {X}_{i}}$
式(7)中:Zi为标准化后的变量;Xi为原始变量(如砂粒粒径、流体流速、砂粒流量);${\overline{X}}_{i}$为变量Xi的均值; σXi为变量Xi的标准差。
回归系数的绝对值可反映变量的相对影响程度,单个变量的影响占比计算公式为
Pi=$\frac{\left|{\beta }_{i}\right|}{\stackrel{n}{\sum _{j=1}}\left|{\beta }_{j}\right|}$×100%
式(8)中: |βi| 为第i个变量的标准化回归系数绝对值;Pi为第i个变量的影响占比;n为总变量个数。
整体回归模型验证[26],验证计算公式为
F=$\frac{\mathrm{S}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{R}/k}{\mathrm{S}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{E}/(n-k-1)}$=$\frac{{R}^{2}/k}{(1-{R}^{2})/(n-k-1)}$
式(9)中:SSR为回归平方和;SSE为残差平方和;n为样本数量;k为自变量个数;F为检验统计量;R2为决定系数,计算公式为
R2=1-$\frac{\mathrm{S}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{E}}{\mathrm{S}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{T}}$
式(10)中:SST为中平方和。
根据回归分析结果,流体流速、砂粒流量和砂粒粒径对筛网冲蚀速率的影响程度结果如表3所示。结果表明,流体流速的标准回归系数为0.55,对冲蚀速率的影响占比高达56.1%,为主要影响因素(p<0.01);其次为砂粒流量,回归系数为0.35,影响占比为35.7%;相较之下,砂粒粒径的回归系数较小,为0.08,影响占比为8.2%,说明影响相对较弱。但对筛网的冲蚀仍有一定影响(p<0.05)。整体回归模型的决定系数为R2 = 0.87,具备良好的拟合效果和较高的预测准确性。
融合室内实验、数值仿真与多元回归模型,对未堵塞工况下的防砂筛网冲蚀损伤进行了系统性剖析,明确了筛网冲蚀的响应特征与主控因素,得到如下具体结论。
(1)各因素均加剧冲蚀损伤,但其主导模式与影响幅度各不相同。流体流速的影响具有加速放大效应,即流速越高,其对冲蚀速率的加剧作用越显著;砂粒流量的影响则相对稳定,与冲蚀速率呈平稳的正相关;砂粒粒径方面,较大砂粒粒径下冲蚀速率对流速、流量变化的响应更敏感,冲蚀速率的提升幅度更为显著。
(2)冲蚀损伤的微观分布呈不均匀性。高冲蚀区集中于经丝与纬丝交界的狭窄夹缝处,这是由局部流速激增所致,损伤区域以此为中心呈条带状扩展。
(3)多元回归分析量化了各因素的影响权重,强弱依次为流体流速>砂粒流量>砂粒粒径。研究证实,流体流速是未堵塞筛网冲蚀损伤的主导性控制因素,在防砂作业中应重点考量。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52274060)
  • 国家自然科学基金(51974033)
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2026年第26卷第11期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2504044
  • 接收时间:2025-05-30
  • 首发时间:2026-07-31
  • 出版时间:2026-04-18
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-30
  • 修回日期:2025-11-19
基金
国家自然科学基金(52274060)
国家自然科学基金(51974033)
作者信息
    1 长江大学油气钻采工程湖北省重点实验室, 武汉 430100
    2 长江大学低碳催化与二氧化碳利用全国重点实验室, 武汉 430100
    3 中国石油新疆油田分公司吉庆油田作业区, 吉木萨尔 831700

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* 伍丽娟(1982—),女,汉族,湖北松滋人,博士,讲师。研究方向:油气钻采与地面集输工艺等。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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