Article(id=1279495831178948826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1279495830260396249, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2502840, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1745164800000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-21, revisedDate=1763481600000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782985178035, onlineDateStr=2026-07-02, pubDate=1776441600000, pubDateStr=2026-04-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782985178035, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782985178035, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782985178035, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1279495830260396249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2026', volume='26', issue='11', pageStart='4471', pageEnd='4911', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1776441600000', pubDateStr='2026-04-18', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782985177815, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782985177815, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=4833, endPage=4843, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1279495831678071003, articleId=1279495831178948826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Evolution of Mechanical Properties and Damage Constitutive Model of Disintegrated Mudstone under Dry-wet Cycles, columnId=1156963929462231640, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Traffics and Transportations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To explore the evolution law of mechanical properties of disintegrating mudstone under dry-wet cycles, the disintegrating mudstone in the northern part of Guangxi was taken as the research object. Uniaxial compression tests and scanning electron microscopy tests at the same position were carried out under different dry-wet cycle numbers. The deterioration law of physical and mechanical parameters, energy evolution law and microstructure change characteristics of mudstone under different dry-wet cycle numbers were analyzed, and a statistical damage constitutive model considering the residual strength of mudstone was established. The results show these as follows. After 5 cycles, the mass loss rate of mudstone reaches 12.9%, the longitudinal wave velocity, uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus decrease by 77.9%, 82.1% and 76.2% respectively, and the failure mode changes from shear failure to ductile failure with multiple shear bands. Microstructure analysis shows that the cementation material softens and fractures due to the water-hydration-drying cycle, and the development of micro-pores and particle shedding in mudstone are positively correlated with the number of dry-wet cycles. Based on the energy dissipation evolution law, a four-stage damage development model is proposed, revealing that the elastic strain energy storage capacity of mudstone decreases exponentially with the number of dry-wet cycles. Based on the Weibull distribution and the maximum tensile strain criterion, a damage statistical model considering the residual strength correction is constructed, achieving high-precision characterization of the post-peak residual strength stage (R2>0.9). The research results provide a theoretical basis for the long-term stability study of disintegrating mudstone slopes in the northern part of Guangxi.

, authors=Xiao-yun HE1, 2, Xian-feng LIU1, 2, *, Zhao-xu HOU1, 2, Jian-guo LI1, 2, Sheng-yang YUAN1, 2, Neng-fang HE3, authorsList=Xiao-yun HE, Xian-feng LIU, Zhao-xu HOU, Jian-guo LI, Sheng-yang YUAN, Neng-fang HE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xian-feng LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1279495834219819254, articleId=1279495831178948826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=干湿循环作用下崩解性泥岩力学性能演化及损伤本构模型, columnId=1154013916746211332, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=交通运输, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究干湿循环作用下崩解性泥岩的力学性能演化规律,以桂北地区崩解性泥岩为研究对象,开展不同干湿循环次数下泥岩的单轴抗压试验和同一位置的扫描电镜试验,分析不同干湿循环次数下泥岩物理力学参数劣化规律、能量演化规律和微观结构变化特征,并建立考虑泥岩残余强度的统计损伤本构模型。结果表明:①经历5次循环后,泥岩质量损失率达12.9%,纵波波速、单轴抗压强度和弹性模量分别下降77.9%、82.1%和76.2%,破坏模式由剪切破坏向多剪切带延性破坏转变;②微观结构分析表明胶结物历经水合-干燥循环导致软化破裂,泥岩微孔发育与颗粒剥落与干湿循环次数呈正相关;③基于能量耗散演化规律提出四阶段损伤发展模型,揭示弹性应变能储存能力随干湿循环次数呈指数衰减特性;④基于Weibull分布与最大拉应变准则,构建考虑残余强度修正的损伤统计模型,实现峰后残余强度阶段高精度表征(R2>0.9)。研究结果为桂北地区崩解性泥岩边坡的长期稳定性研究提供理论基础。

, authors=何晓芸1, 2, 刘先峰1, 2, *, 侯召旭1, 2, 李建国1, 2, 袁胜洋1, 2, 何能方3, authorsList=何晓芸, 刘先峰, 侯召旭, 李建国, 袁胜洋, 何能方, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘先峰, authorNote=

何晓芸(2001—),女,汉族,四川宜宾人,硕士研究生。研究方向:线路工程路基结构与地基处理。E-mail:

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* 刘先峰(1980—),男,汉族,山西朔州人,博士,教授。研究方向:交通特殊岩土工程及地质灾害防治。E-mail:
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何晓芸(2001—),女,汉族,四川宜宾人,硕士研究生。研究方向:线路工程路基结构与地基处理。E-mail:

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何晓芸(2001—),女,汉族,四川宜宾人,硕士研究生。研究方向:线路工程路基结构与地基处理。E-mail:

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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1279496061978915300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495831178948826, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Energy evolution during mudstone uniaxial compression under different dry-wet cycling times, figureFileSmall=lE8fVehdLoN+rE685cL5GQ==, figureFileBig=tokpgEo5HQ/YrPUz/CFQjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1279496062062801381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495831178948826, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同干湿循环次数下泥岩单轴抗压过程能量演化, figureFileSmall=lE8fVehdLoN+rE685cL5GQ==, figureFileBig=tokpgEo5HQ/YrPUz/CFQjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1279496063732134374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495831178948826, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Corresponding strains at initial damage stage of mudstone under different dry-wet cycling times, figureFileSmall=cJVH4Vzw3UCbodx5irBVfg==, figureFileBig=pQOy2/8bQhp07jm52cf4HA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1279496063816020455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495831178948826, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同干湿循环次数下的泥岩初始损伤阶段对应应变, figureFileSmall=cJVH4Vzw3UCbodx5irBVfg==, figureFileBig=pQOy2/8bQhp07jm52cf4HA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1279496063874740712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495831178948826, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Energy indicators corresponding to the peak points of mudstone under different dry-wet cycling times, figureFileSmall=Fy7X+3vBU4Eb7imoAPlkkQ==, figureFileBig=+8O3b9B4Boi4/uKZH0+Npw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1279496063937655273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495831178948826, language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同干湿循环次数下的泥岩峰值点对应能量指标, figureFileSmall=Fy7X+3vBU4Eb7imoAPlkkQ==, figureFileBig=+8O3b9B4Boi4/uKZH0+Npw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1279496064008958442, 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ArticleFig(id=1279496064210285037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495831178948826, language=CN, label=图13, caption=考虑残余强度修正的损伤本构模型拟合效果图, figureFileSmall=xze5WaLDi9LfHHVhRskfNg==, figureFileBig=rddH48dKLdQUys71LG09aA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1279496064285782510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495831178948826, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic physical properties of mudstone

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干密度/
(g·cm-3)
天然含
水率/%
天然密度/
(g·cm-3)
颗粒密度/
(g·cm-3)
1.515 14.402 1.733 2.45
), ArticleFig(id=1279496064369668591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495831178948826, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

泥岩基本物理特性表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
干密度/
(g·cm-3)
天然含
水率/%
天然密度/
(g·cm-3)
颗粒密度/
(g·cm-3)
1.515 14.402 1.733 2.45
), ArticleFig(id=1279496064453554672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495831178948826, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Main parameters in the statistical damage model of mudstone under different dry-wet cycling times

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
干湿循环
次数n/次
残余强度
修正系数δ
形状参数
m
尺度参数
F0
决定系数
R2
0 0.60 19.150 7 0.699 4 0.989 8
1 0.75 14.150 9 0.706 6 0.961 2
2 0.88 11.348 3 0.772 1 0.941 8
3 0.85 6.137 7 0.799 2 0.910 0
4 0.90 4.853 2 0.775 0 0.990 1
5 0.98 2.489 1 1.357 6 0.995 6
), ArticleFig(id=1279496064516469233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1279495831178948826, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同干湿循环次数下泥岩统计损伤模型中的主要参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
干湿循环
次数n/次
残余强度
修正系数δ
形状参数
m
尺度参数
F0
决定系数
R2
0 0.60 19.150 7 0.699 4 0.989 8
1 0.75 14.150 9 0.706 6 0.961 2
2 0.88 11.348 3 0.772 1 0.941 8
3 0.85 6.137 7 0.799 2 0.910 0
4 0.90 4.853 2 0.775 0 0.990 1
5 0.98 2.489 1 1.357 6 0.995 6
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干湿循环作用下崩解性泥岩力学性能演化及损伤本构模型
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何晓芸 1, 2 , 刘先峰 1, 2, * , 侯召旭 1, 2 , 李建国 1, 2 , 袁胜洋 1, 2 , 何能方 3
科学技术与工程 | 交通运输 2026,26(11): 4833-4843
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科学技术与工程 |交通运输 2026 , 26 (11) : 4833 -4843
干湿循环作用下崩解性泥岩力学性能演化及损伤本构模型
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2 西南交通大学, 高速铁路线路工程教育部重点实验室, 成都 610031, bio={"content":"

何晓芸(2001—),女,汉族,四川宜宾人,硕士研究生。研究方向:线路工程路基结构与地基处理。E-mail:

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何晓芸(2001—),女,汉族,四川宜宾人,硕士研究生。研究方向:线路工程路基结构与地基处理。E-mail:

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何晓芸1, 2 , 刘先峰1, 2, * , 侯召旭1, 2, 李建国1, 2, 袁胜洋1, 2, 何能方3
作者信息
  • 1 西南交通大学土木工程学院, 成都 610031
  • 2 西南交通大学, 高速铁路线路工程教育部重点实验室, 成都 610031
  • 3 中交路桥华南工程有限公司, 中山 528405
通讯作者:
* 刘先峰(1980—),男,汉族,山西朔州人,博士,教授。研究方向:交通特殊岩土工程及地质灾害防治。E-mail:
作者简介:

何晓芸(2001—),女,汉族,四川宜宾人,硕士研究生。研究方向:线路工程路基结构与地基处理。E-mail:

Evolution of Mechanical Properties and Damage Constitutive Model of Disintegrated Mudstone under Dry-wet Cycles
Xiao-yun HE1, 2 , Xian-feng LIU1, 2, * , Zhao-xu HOU1, 2, Jian-guo LI1, 2, Sheng-yang YUAN1, 2, Neng-fang HE3
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of High-Speed Railway Engineering of Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
  • 3 China Communications Road and Bridge South China Engineering Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528405, China
出版时间: 2026-04-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2502840
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为探究干湿循环作用下崩解性泥岩的力学性能演化规律,以桂北地区崩解性泥岩为研究对象,开展不同干湿循环次数下泥岩的单轴抗压试验和同一位置的扫描电镜试验,分析不同干湿循环次数下泥岩物理力学参数劣化规律、能量演化规律和微观结构变化特征,并建立考虑泥岩残余强度的统计损伤本构模型。结果表明:①经历5次循环后,泥岩质量损失率达12.9%,纵波波速、单轴抗压强度和弹性模量分别下降77.9%、82.1%和76.2%,破坏模式由剪切破坏向多剪切带延性破坏转变;②微观结构分析表明胶结物历经水合-干燥循环导致软化破裂,泥岩微孔发育与颗粒剥落与干湿循环次数呈正相关;③基于能量耗散演化规律提出四阶段损伤发展模型,揭示弹性应变能储存能力随干湿循环次数呈指数衰减特性;④基于Weibull分布与最大拉应变准则,构建考虑残余强度修正的损伤统计模型,实现峰后残余强度阶段高精度表征(R2>0.9)。研究结果为桂北地区崩解性泥岩边坡的长期稳定性研究提供理论基础。

干湿循环  /  单轴抗压强度试验  /  泥岩微观结构  /  能量演化  /  残余强度  /  统计损伤模型

To explore the evolution law of mechanical properties of disintegrating mudstone under dry-wet cycles, the disintegrating mudstone in the northern part of Guangxi was taken as the research object. Uniaxial compression tests and scanning electron microscopy tests at the same position were carried out under different dry-wet cycle numbers. The deterioration law of physical and mechanical parameters, energy evolution law and microstructure change characteristics of mudstone under different dry-wet cycle numbers were analyzed, and a statistical damage constitutive model considering the residual strength of mudstone was established. The results show these as follows. After 5 cycles, the mass loss rate of mudstone reaches 12.9%, the longitudinal wave velocity, uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus decrease by 77.9%, 82.1% and 76.2% respectively, and the failure mode changes from shear failure to ductile failure with multiple shear bands. Microstructure analysis shows that the cementation material softens and fractures due to the water-hydration-drying cycle, and the development of micro-pores and particle shedding in mudstone are positively correlated with the number of dry-wet cycles. Based on the energy dissipation evolution law, a four-stage damage development model is proposed, revealing that the elastic strain energy storage capacity of mudstone decreases exponentially with the number of dry-wet cycles. Based on the Weibull distribution and the maximum tensile strain criterion, a damage statistical model considering the residual strength correction is constructed, achieving high-precision characterization of the post-peak residual strength stage (R2>0.9). The research results provide a theoretical basis for the long-term stability study of disintegrating mudstone slopes in the northern part of Guangxi.

dry-wet cycles  /  uniaxial compressive strength test  /  mudstone microstructure  /  energy evolution  /  residual strength  /  statistical damage model
何晓芸, 刘先峰, 侯召旭, 李建国, 袁胜洋, 何能方. 干湿循环作用下崩解性泥岩力学性能演化及损伤本构模型. 科学技术与工程, 2026 , 26 (11) : 4833 -4843 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2502840
Xiao-yun HE, Xian-feng LIU, Zhao-xu HOU, Jian-guo LI, Sheng-yang YUAN, Neng-fang HE. Evolution of Mechanical Properties and Damage Constitutive Model of Disintegrated Mudstone under Dry-wet Cycles[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2026 , 26 (11) : 4833 -4843 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2502840
泥岩具有遇水易崩解软化、强度低等不良工程特性[1],其饱和单轴抗压强度通常低于30 MPa。南方地区泥岩分布广泛,是高速铁路和公路工程中常见的路堑边坡岩土体。受夏季炎热多雨气候影响,泥岩长期经历干湿循环作用,发生崩解劣化,强度逐渐降低,导致边坡失稳,严重影响高速铁路的建设与运营安全[2-3]。因此,研究干湿循环作用下泥岩的物理力学劣化特性对路堑边坡稳定性分析具有重要意义。
目前国内外学者主要通过单轴抗压强度试验、三轴压缩试验对干湿循环下的岩石物理力学特性进行研究。Meng等[4]、Zhang等[5]、周文强等[6]通过单轴抗压强度试验,发现岩石的单轴抗压强度、弹性模量与干湿循环次数呈负相关。廖进星[7]发现膨胀岩的黏聚力、内摩擦角均随着干湿循环次数增加而减小,并逐渐趋于稳定。傅晏等[8]、Nan等[9]通过单轴和三轴压缩试验分别对砂岩、泥质砂岩的力学参数的劣化规律开展研究。除了单轴抗压试验和三轴压缩试验,还有学者通过霍普金森杆试验对干湿循环作用下岩石的动态压缩[10]和拉伸[11]性能进行了研究。
根据试验结果,可对岩石受荷过程中的能量演化规律进行分析,进而揭示干湿循环作用对岩石强度的劣化特性。张亮等[12]基于室内三轴压缩试验结果阐明了干湿循环作用下节理砂岩变形破坏的能量驱动机制;刘新喜等[13]通过三轴压缩试验发现起裂应力处储能水平和损伤应力处储能水平随着干湿循环次数的增加逐渐增大;Huang等[14]基于岩石单轴抗压强度试验结果建立了基于能量原理的干湿循环损伤演化模型;Wen等[15]基于三轴试验结果,发现总吸收能与围压呈正相关,粉砂岩吸收能量的能力与干湿循环次数呈负相关;Zha等[16]通过分析单轴抗压强度试验结果,发现红层泥质粉砂岩能量密度随着干湿循环次数线性下降。同时,也有学者根据试验结果,构建了相应的损伤本构模型。Qin等[17]基于黄砂岩干湿循环作用下的CT(computed tomography)和SEM(scanning electron microscope)结果,提出了一种基于细观损伤的干湿循环本构模型;成辉等[18]通过粉砂质泥岩不同干湿循环路径的三轴压缩试验,基于连续损伤理论和修正Drucker-Prager(D-P)强度准则建立了考虑干湿循环路径的岩石损伤本构模型。邓华锋等[19]将不同干湿循环次数下泥岩单轴压缩的应力-应变曲线分为两段,基于D-P准则提出了分段式损伤本构模型。
综上所述,目前研究成果为正确认识干湿循环作用对岩石的劣化规律奠定了良好的基础,但针对干湿循环作用下典型崩解性泥岩在单轴抗压过程中的能量演化规律及考虑残余强度的损伤本构模型的研究仍存在进一步的探索空间。鉴于此,现依托广西壮族自治区的平昭高速公路K12处深挖路堑工程,针对南方湿热地区泥岩路堑边坡在干湿循环作用下易发生崩解劣化,进而威胁线路工程长期运营安全的突出工程问题,开展系统的试验与理论研究,采用宏观力学试验与微观结构观测相结合的系统方法,进行不同干湿循环次数下泥岩的定位扫描电镜试验和单轴抗压强度试验,分析干湿循环作用下泥岩微观结构变化特征、物理力学参数劣化规律和单轴压缩过程的能量演化规律,提出考虑残余强度的泥岩统计损伤本构模型,以期为崩解性泥岩边坡的长期稳定性评价与防护设计提供更为精准的理论依据和参数支持。
岩石试样取自广西壮族自治区平昭高速公路K12+460路堑工点,对岩石进行薄片鉴定和XRD(X-ray diffraction analysis)试验,确定该岩石岩性为含粉砂质泥岩,XRD试验结果如图1所示。该泥岩基本物理特性如表1所示。将岩石制成满足国际岩石力学学会ISRM(International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering)标准[20]的直径为50 mm、高为100 mm的标准圆柱体试样。为使所有试样初始状态一致,筛除表面明显缺陷的试样后,将制得试样置于湿度、温度相同的室内环境中14 d。对试样进行质量、纵波波速测量,选取质量、纵波波速相近的试样进行试验。
取样地区属亚热带季风气候,四季分明且雨热基本同季,该地近5年以来,月降雨量最高达690.6 mm,最高气温达39 ℃,在太阳直射作用下,地面局部温度最高可达60 ℃,因此在进行干湿循环试验时,将干燥温度设置为60 ℃,以模拟该地区夏季地表高温环境,同时,为模拟长时强降雨作用下边坡表层岩体浸水饱和的实际工况,保证加湿过程中试样完全饱和,根据无损浸水试验结果(图2),选取48 h为泥岩的饱和时间,此时试样饱和度达到94.8%,48 h后含水率随时间增大速率明显减缓。
采用真空饱和法对岩石试样进行加湿处理,将试样置于真空饱和装置中饱和48 h,取出并将试样表面水分擦干,然后将试样置于60 ℃烘箱中48 h,使其完全干燥,干燥后测量记录试件的质量、纵波波速,以上为一次完整的干-湿循环流程。当干湿循环次数达到6次后,岩石损伤较为严重,试样完整性较差,无法进行单轴抗压强度试验,故试验共进行5次干湿循环,干湿循环路径如图3所示。利用微机控制电液伺服万能试验机,对不同干湿循环次数的泥岩试样进行单轴抗压强度试验,试验加载速率为0.02 mm/min,试样破坏后停止加载。同时,采用原位扫描电镜试验,制备边长0.5 cm的立方体试样,试样表面粘贴导电胶带辅助定位,观测不同干湿循环次数下泥岩试样同一位置,以揭示干湿循环作用下崩解性泥岩的微观结构演化规律。
干湿循环作用下泥岩试样的质量损失率和纵波波速演变规律如图4所示。由图4可知,泥岩试样质量损失率随干湿循环次数增加呈指数增长,干湿循环5次后达12.9%,而增幅渐次递减;其纵波波速呈指数衰减,干湿循环5次后由1 952 m/s降至432 m/s(降幅77.9%),其衰减速率同样随循环次数增加而降低。综上可知,泥岩试样反复受到干湿循环作用,内部的膨胀性矿物如伊利石遇水膨胀,高温下又失水收缩,导致岩石内部结构受损,其密度、内部结构等发生改变,部分颗粒崩解剥落,随着干湿循环次数增加,泥岩内部损伤逐渐累积,质量损失率逐渐增加,纵波波速逐渐下降。
不同干湿循环次数下泥岩单轴抗压强度试验结果如图5所示。由图5(a)可见,干湿循环作用下泥岩的应力-应变曲线呈现显著峰后残余强度特征,且残余强度随干湿循环次数增加大致呈逐渐减小的变化规律。随着干湿循环次数增加,曲线峰值逐渐平缓,表明岩石脆性破坏向塑性破坏转化,干湿循环5次时曲线已无典型峰值特征。由图5(b)可知,单轴抗压强度与弹性模量均呈指数衰减规律:前2次干湿循环导致泥岩力学性质劣化显著(单轴抗压强度累计降幅52.5%,弹性模量累计降幅54.8%),第3~5次干湿循环时,泥岩力学参数劣化速率趋缓(5次循环总降幅:单轴抗压强度76.2%、弹性模量82.1%,较第2次循环仅新增降幅23.7%和27.3%),表明干湿循环对泥岩强度、刚度具有劣化作用,且早期循环中泥岩强度、刚度劣化更为迅速。
图6所示为干湿循环作用下的泥岩单轴抗压破坏模式,由图6可知,在干湿循环次数较少时,其破坏模式为典型的脆性剪切破坏,仅出现单一贯穿斜裂缝且表面裂纹少;随着干湿循环次数的增加, 水-热交替作用促使泥岩内部胶结结构持续劣化,泥岩内部微裂隙萌发损伤逐渐累积,破坏模式逐渐由剪切破坏转变为多剪切带破坏,裂纹数量逐渐变多,横向拉应力(泊松效应)增强驱动张拉微裂纹与剪切面交互扩展,峰后应力跌落速率减缓,整体反映出在干湿循环作用下泥岩内部损伤累积,脆性破裂主导性减弱。
图7所示为不同干湿循环次数下泥岩同一位置的SEM图像。由图7(a)~图7(c)可知,随干湿循环次数增加,泥岩表面颗粒间结合逐渐松散,局部出现结构破碎区域(①~⑤),表面粗糙度显著增大,可见部分岩石颗粒剥落后,随干湿循环进行,该位置仍持续发生新的颗粒剥落现象,表明干湿循环损伤逐渐向岩石内部扩展。进一步将放大倍数提升至1 000倍[图7(d)~图7(f)],泥岩的微观结构整体无明显变化,但在干湿循环作用下,岩石内部的胶结物因反复经历水合作用和干燥作用而软化、破裂,这种破裂导致局部岩石破碎,并随着干湿循环次数的增加逐渐形成微孔,微孔逐渐扩大,两个相邻微孔之间的壁垒厚度逐渐减薄(位置⑥处红线长度所示),说明泥岩的整体结构在干湿循环作用下变得越来越脆弱,干湿循环作用下泥岩微观结构的演化呈现损伤累积特征。
在干湿循环过程中,泥岩内部水分吸附与脱附引发矿物颗粒的周期性膨胀与收缩,导致颗粒间结合能降低和微裂纹萌生。在岩石单轴抗压强度试验过程中,弹性能累积-释放效应与力学参数衰减具有内在关联,可利用试验过程中的能量转化定量描述岩石干湿循环中吸水膨胀-脱水收缩导致的内部损伤。
单位体积岩石可以看作是一个与外界没有物质交换,只有能量交换的封闭系统[21],根据能量守恒定律可知:输入岩石中的总能量转化为弹性应变能和耗散能,那么在泥岩的单轴抗压试验过程中存在能量转换,即
U=Ue+Ud
式(1)中:U为试验进行时输入泥岩的总应变能密度,MJ/m3;Ue为试验过程中泥岩内部储存的弹性应变能密度,MJ/m3;Ud为在试验过程中泥岩内部裂隙和空洞闭合、发育所耗散的能量密度,MJ/m3
在应力-应变曲线中,曲线下方的面积代表了外力对岩石所做的功,即输入岩石的总能量,因此在单轴抗压强度试验过程中有
U=${\int }_{0}^{{\epsilon }_{1}}$f(ε)dε
式(2)中:ε1为试验过程某一时刻泥岩的应变;f(ε)为试验过程泥岩的应力-应变函数。
泥岩的弹性应变能满足关系式
Ue=${\int }_{{\epsilon }_{0}}^{{\epsilon }_{1}}$fu(ε)dε=$\frac{{\sigma }_{1}^{2}}{2E}$
式(3)中:ε0为泥岩试验过程中ε1减去对应弹性变形应变后的应变;fu(ε)为试验过程泥岩的弹性应力-应变函数;σ1为泥岩试验过程中与ε1对应的应力,MPa;E为泥岩的弹性模量,MPa。
那么泥岩的耗散能满足关系式
Ud=U-Ue=${\int }_{0}^{{\epsilon }_{1}}$f(ε)dε-$\frac{{\sigma }_{1}^{2}}{2E}$
根据式(1)~式(4)得泥岩单轴抗压强度试验中各能量密度关系如图8所示。
根据上述泥岩单轴抗压强度试验中的能量演化关系,得到不同干湿循环次数下的泥岩各能量演化规律如图9所示,根据耗散能演化规律,利用切线将耗散能曲线分成4段,对应地可将泥岩应力-应变曲线划分为以下4个阶段:①初始损伤阶段(OA段):耗散能随泥岩应变增加而呈下凹形缓慢增长,此时耗散能主要用于试样初始的张开性结构面、微孔洞和微裂隙的压密闭合,并没有新的裂隙产生发展,故耗散能增长缓慢。②损伤萌发阶段(AB段):耗散能增速明显高于OA段,但其绝对值仍低于弹性应变能,AB段以弹性应变能累积为主。这是由于泥岩试样内部的初始张开性结构面、微孔洞和微裂隙已在上一阶段被基本压密,随着微裂纹的进一步压实、摩擦,泥岩出现少许应力集中区域,少量微裂隙开始萌生。③损伤加速发展阶段(BC段):进入峰后破坏阶段,弹性应变能曲线逐渐下降,耗散能曲线呈下凹形快速上升并超过弹性应变能。这是因为泥岩承载力达到峰值强度后,微裂隙大量产生并不断快速发展、合并、贯通、交叉,相互联合形成宏观断裂面,外力对岩石做的功转化为耗散能,耗散能不断增长,增长速率明显高于前两个阶段。④损伤稳定发展阶段(CD段):进入残余强度阶段,耗散能曲线由下凹形上升转变为上凸形上升,增长速率放缓,但其绝对值远大于弹性应变能。此时岩石破坏程度加剧,储能能力显著降低,能量转化以耗散为主。
基于泥岩单轴抗压过程能量演化特征,可明确各阶段分界点的物理意义:初始损伤阶段终点(A点)对应裂隙压密闭合极限,其应变值可反映初始损伤程度;损伤萌发阶段终点(B点)为耗散能增长加速的转折点,此时岩石达到峰值强度,弹性应变能达到最大值并开始剧烈释放,此后裂隙快速发展;损伤加速发展阶段终点(C点)对应耗散能增长减速的转折点,表征此时宏观主破裂面已形成,岩石储存弹性应变能的能力基本丧失,前期储存的弹性应变能基本完全释放,此后耗散能增长速率趋缓。由图9可知当干湿循环达到5次时,损伤加速发展阶段特征消失,直接从萌发阶段过渡到稳定发展阶段,这表明多次干湿循环作用下泥岩的塑性破坏特性增强。
岩石的裂隙孔隙闭合是一种弹性变形,在低应力水平下属于非线性弹性变形,能量几乎不会在此阶段中耗散[21],外力做功主要转化为岩石的弹性应变能,所以在初始损伤阶段(OA段)耗散能一直位于较低水平。在相同的加载速率下,试样在初始阶段的应变越大,说明试样内部的裂隙孔隙数量越多,岩石初始损伤越严重。将A点对应应变随干湿循环次数的变化曲线绘于图10中,可见随着干湿循环次数增加,A点应变呈线性增大,说明在干湿循环作用下岩石内部初始损伤不断累积。
泥岩试样峰值点的各能量指标随干湿循环次数的变化曲线如图11所示,可见随着干湿循环次数增加,试样总能量和弹性应变能均呈指数下降。这是由于干湿循环作用使泥岩试样内部损伤累积,试样内部结构逐渐松散且裂隙相对发育,导致在受力过程中吸收和储存能量的能力减弱,体现为弹性模量和峰值强度减小,吸收的总能量和储存的弹性应变能逐渐减少。为进一步量化能量演化特征,定义耗散能占比η=Ud/U进行分析。由图11可知随干湿循环次数增加,峰值处耗散能占比逐渐升高,说明在干湿循环作用下泥岩内部损伤累积,第5次循环时耗散能占比较0次循环提高约77%。
岩石在历经干湿循环作用后,其弹性模量、质量、纵波波速、孔隙度等参数均会发生变化,常用作干湿循环损伤程度的评定指标。选择泥岩弹性模量表征干湿循环损伤变量,定义干湿循环损伤变量D1
D1=$\frac{{E}_{0}-{E}_{n}}{{E}_{0}}$
式(5)中:E0En分别为干湿循环0次和n次后泥岩试样弹性模量,MPa。
在试验过程中,泥岩受荷损伤变量D2可定义为受荷损伤单元数Nf与总单元数N的比值,即
D2=$\frac{{N}_{\mathrm{f}}}{N}$
岩石单元强度具有随机性,选择Weibull随机分布统计模型用于描述岩石单元强度分布,那么泥岩单元强度概率密度函数p(F)可表示为
p(F)=$\frac{m}{{F}_{0}}{\left(\frac{F}{{F}_{0}}\right)}^{m-1}$exp$\left[-{\left(\frac{F}{{F}_{0}}\right)}^{m}\right]$
式(7)中:mF0分别是Weibull随机分布统计模型的形状参数、尺度参数;F为应力水平。
则泥岩受荷损伤变量D2满足关系式
D2=$\frac{{N}_{\mathrm{f}}}{N}$=$\frac{N{\int }_{-\infty }^{F}p\left(F\right)}{N}$=${\int }_{-\infty }^{F}$p(F)=1-exp$\left[-{\left(\frac{F}{{F}_{0}}\right)}^{m}\right]$
根据文献[18]得到在干湿循环和外荷载共同作用下的岩石总损伤变量D12满足关系式
D12=D1+D2-D1D2
联立式(5)、式(8)得到干湿循环和外荷载共同作用下的岩石总损伤变量D12
D12=1-$\frac{{E}_{n}}{{E}_{0}}$exp$\left[-{\left(\frac{F}{{F}_{0}}\right)}^{m}\right]$
根据Lernaitre应变等价理论和有效应力原理的概念[22],损伤变量D、名义应力σ、有效应力σ*关系为
σ*=$\frac{\sigma }{1-D}$
由试验结果可知,泥岩发生宏观破坏后仍具有一定残余强度,残余强度是影响泥岩应力-应变曲线峰后段的主要因素,因此,建立泥岩损伤软化统计本构模型时,对残余强度进行修正是非常必要的。据此本文中考虑对泥岩损伤总变量进行修正[23],即
D=δD12
式(12)中:δ为考虑残余强度的损伤变量修正系数,为从0到1变化的系数。
那么考虑残余强度修正后的泥岩损伤总变量D表达式为
D=δD12=δ-δ$\frac{{E}_{n}}{{E}_{0}}$exp$\left[-{\left(\frac{F}{{F}_{0}}\right)}^{m}\right]$
根据广义胡克定律,联立式(13)可得单轴压缩条件下有
σ1=E0ε1(1-D)+2νσ3
=$\begin{aligned} \sigma_{1} & =E_{0} \varepsilon_{1}(1-D)+2 \nu \sigma_{3} \\ & =E_{0} \varepsilon\left\{1-\delta+\delta \frac{E_{n}}{E_{0}} \exp \left[-\left(\frac{F}{F_{0}}\right)^{m}\right]\right\} \end{aligned}$
为确定式(7)中的应力水平F,引入岩土材料常用最大拉应变强度准则。则应力水平F可表示为
F=F(ε)=ε
式(15)中:ε为岩石的最大轴向应变。
联立式(14)、式(15),得到考虑残余强度修正的干湿循环作用下的泥岩统计损伤本构模型表达式为
σ1=E0ε$\left\{1-\delta +\frac{{E}_{n}}{{E}_{0}}\delta \mathrm{e}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{p}\left[-{\left(\frac{\epsilon }{{F}_{0n}}\right)}^{{m}_{n}}\right]\right\}$
式(16)中:mnF0n分别是泥岩干湿循环n次后Weibull随机分布统计模型的形状参数、尺度参数。
利用提出的考虑残余强度修正的泥岩统计损伤本构模型对试验数据进行拟合,得到模型相关参数如表2所示,其中残余强度修正系数δ随干湿循环次数增加而逐渐增大,反映了泥岩峰后塑性变形能力的增强。δ从0.6(0次循环)增至0.98(5次循环),说明随干湿循环次数增加,泥岩从以脆性破裂为主逐渐转变为以塑性变形与摩擦滑移为主,宏观表现为残余强度阶段的延长与应力降的减缓,与图5(a)中应力-应变曲线的形态演变一致;其中m是Weibull分布统计模型的形状参数,其值的大小与岩石脆性程度呈正相关[24]。如图12所示为Weibull分布统计模型的形状参数m和干湿损伤变量D1随干湿循环次数的变化曲线。由图12可知,随着干湿循环次数增加,泥岩干湿循环损伤变量D1逐渐增大,Weibull分布统计模型的形状参数m逐渐减小,在干湿循环次数达5次时,D1增大了82.1%,m减小了87.0%,表明随着干湿循环次数增加,泥岩单元强度分布趋于分散,破坏过程由突发性转向渐进性,这与SEM图像中观察到的胶结物软化、微孔扩展和颗粒剥落现象高度一致,说明泥岩内部损伤逐渐累积,试样破坏时脆性逐渐减弱。
将本文损伤模型曲线、传统损伤模型曲线(即不考虑残余强度修正)对比,结果如图13所示,可知,考虑残余强度修正后的泥岩统计损伤本构模型拟合效果良好,拟合决定系数R2均在0.9以上;对比经典模型拟合曲线,本文模型可以更好地模拟应力-应变曲线峰后的残余强度阶段,拟合效果优于传统损伤本构模型。
(1)干湿循环对泥岩物理力学特性有明显劣化作用,历经5次干湿循环后,泥岩的质量损失率上升了12.9%,纵波波速下降了77.9%,其应力-应变曲线几乎没有“波峰”,单轴抗压强度和弹性模量分别下降了82.1%和76.2%,随着干湿循环次数的增加,泥岩破坏模式逐渐由剪切破坏转变为多剪切带破坏,延性破坏特征更为明显。
(2)干湿循环作用下泥岩微观结构的演化呈现损伤累积特征,胶结物因反复水合作用和干燥作用发生软化与破裂,进而导致局部破碎和微孔的形成与扩展,颗粒剥落现象随循环次数增加而加剧。
(3)根据泥岩单轴抗压强度试验过程的耗散能演化规律,将其应力-应变曲线分为初始损伤阶段、损伤萌发阶段、损伤加速发展阶段和损伤稳定发展阶段4个损伤阶段,其中初始损伤阶段对应应变随干湿循环次数基本呈线性增大,同时峰值点对应总能量和弹性应变能随着干湿循环次数增加均呈指数下降,而耗散能占比呈上升趋势,说明泥岩内部损伤随干湿循环次数逐渐累积,在受力过程中其吸收和储存能量的能力减弱,能量以耗散能释放的比例逐渐上升。
(4)考虑泥岩残余强度明显,对干湿循环和荷载共同作用的损伤变量进行修正,基于Weibull随机分布统计模型和最大拉应变强度准则,建立泥岩的损伤统计模型。经验证,和传统损伤本构模型相比,该模型能更好地拟合峰后残余强度阶段,拟合决定系数R2均在0.9以上。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52478475)
  • 中交路桥华南工程有限公司资助项目(R110124H01094)
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2502840
  • 接收时间:2025-04-21
  • 首发时间:2026-07-02
  • 出版时间:2026-04-18
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-21
  • 修回日期:2025-11-19
基金
国家自然科学基金(52478475)
中交路桥华南工程有限公司资助项目(R110124H01094)
作者信息
    1 西南交通大学土木工程学院, 成都 610031
    2 西南交通大学, 高速铁路线路工程教育部重点实验室, 成都 610031
    3 中交路桥华南工程有限公司, 中山 528405

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* 刘先峰(1980—),男,汉族,山西朔州人,博士,教授。研究方向:交通特殊岩土工程及地质灾害防治。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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