Article(id=1207343638875579250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1207343627223802520, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2408246, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1730736000000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765782754867, onlineDateStr=2025-12-15, pubDate=1750176000000, pubDateStr=2025-06-18, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765782754867, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765782754867, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765782754867, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1207343627223802520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='17', pageStart='7023', pageEnd='7453', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765782752085, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765783816840, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1207348093192872694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1207343627223802520, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1207348093192872695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1207343627223802520, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=7219, endPage=7225, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1207343640423277489, articleId=1207343638875579250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Lightning Risk Assessment Considering the Interaction between Distributed Photovoltaic and Distribution System, columnId=1207343634660299413, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers-Electrical Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Lightning is the main cause of active distribution line fault. It is of great significance to study the lightning risk assessment of active distribution network. The distribution line with distributed photovoltaic system in Nanjing area was taken as the research object. The calculation model of lightning overvoltage on distribution lines with distributed photovoltaic system was established, and the interaction between photovoltaic side and distribution line side during lightning strike was analyzed. The electrical geometric model on both sides was constructed. The trip rates of the photovoltaic side and the line side were calculated, and the risk was evaluated according to the calculation results. The results show that when lightning strikes the nearest tower on the photovoltaic side, the lightning trip-out rate on the photovoltaic side increases from 27.52 times/(100 km·a) to 29.63 times/(100 km·a), and the lightning risk is higher. When the photovoltaic side is struck by lightning, the tripping rate of the adjacent three towers affected by the lightning intrusion wave is doubled, and the risk level is also higher.

, correspAuthors=Peng LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Chen CHAI, Chao CAI, Yi-chuan HE, Peng LI, Tian WU, Zhi-qing MA), CN=ArticleExt(id=1207343649835295220, articleId=1207343638875579250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=考虑分布式光伏和配电系统相互影响的雷击风险评估, columnId=1156262734506353627, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·电工技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

雷电是造成有源配电线路故障的主要原因,研究有源配电网的雷害风险评估具有重要意义。以南京地区含分布式光伏系统的配电线路为研究对象,建立了含分布式光伏系统配电线路雷击过电压计算模型,分析了雷击时光伏侧和配电线路侧之间的相互影响,构建了两侧的电气几何模型,计算了光伏侧和线路侧跳闸率,并根据计算结果进行风险评估。结果表明:雷击距光伏侧最近的杆塔时,光伏侧的雷击跳闸率由27.52次/(100 km·a)上升至29.63次/(100 km·a),雷击风险较高;当光伏侧遭受雷击时,其相邻的3基杆塔受雷电侵入波影响跳闸率增加一倍,风险等级也较高。

, correspAuthors=黎鹏, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*黎鹏(1989—),男,汉族,湖北咸宁人,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力设备智能运维、电磁多物理场分析等。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=pUQ5GcjdACJRygneK+7LFw==, magXml=jj9fo59DJST6Up8gqi+/wA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=YXc3B5qdB9+kUlgqJ4mjEg==, pdfFileSize=5929998, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=PGzu/997OBVfAS5EUGsSbw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=mRql4IrpmpHqwNZiGeakKA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

柴辰(1999—),男,汉族,辽宁抚顺人,硕士研究生。研究方向:高电压与绝缘技术。E-mail:

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柴辰(1999—),男,汉族,辽宁抚顺人,硕士研究生。研究方向:高电压与绝缘技术。E-mail:

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柴辰(1999—),男,汉族,辽宁抚顺人,硕士研究生。研究方向:高电压与绝缘技术。E-mail:

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New York: IEEE Power & Energy Society, 2010., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1207400180903682218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343638875579250, awardId=51807110, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(51807110), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1207400168190747408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343638875579250, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207400168199136017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343638875579250, companyId=1207400168190747408, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Electrical Engineering & New Energy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207400168220107538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343638875579250, 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companyId=1207400168694063933, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5 Qinghai Electric Power Test and Research Insititute, Xining 810008, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1207400168706646846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343638875579250, companyId=1207400168694063933, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5 国网青海省电力公司电力科学研究院, 西宁 810008)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1207400176692600848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343638875579250, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Risk assessment process, figureFileSmall=Smv4T1ymW/umqcLjp/eSVg==, figureFileBig=YyUVYG3Z49vgr+eXcg4l7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400176789069847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343638875579250, language=CN, label=图1, caption=风险评估流程, figureFileSmall=Smv4T1ymW/umqcLjp/eSVg==, figureFileBig=YyUVYG3Z49vgr+eXcg4l7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400176919093278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343638875579250, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Electrical geometric model of photovoltaic systems, figureFileSmall=8M3GW+5Q2YRYvatyM8jcvw==, figureFileBig=IInYRmD4TI6V9a+HlZongA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400177049116706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343638875579250, language=CN, label=图2, caption=光伏系统电气几何模型

LWH分别为光伏阵列的长度、宽度、高度;RsRg分别为阵列微元和大地的击距;ABCD为光伏阵列

, figureFileSmall=8M3GW+5Q2YRYvatyM8jcvw==, figureFileBig=IInYRmD4TI6V9a+HlZongA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400177187528747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343638875579250, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Equivalent receiving area, figureFileSmall=zH30lIOaq2Chbzf+FUCRSQ==, figureFileBig=hqzoAvd7NuLouRa+SWgyLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400177304969268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343638875579250, language=CN, label=图3, caption=等效接收面积

A'B'C'D'为光伏阵列ABCD在大地面的投影;E'F'G'I'J'K'M'N'为平面EFGIJKMN在大地面的投影,即光伏阵列等效接收面积

, figureFileSmall=zH30lIOaq2Chbzf+FUCRSQ==, figureFileBig=hqzoAvd7NuLouRa+SWgyLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400177409826874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343638875579250, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Electrical geometric model without lightning protection wire, figureFileSmall=eFo1Ifj/vwux2sOs7xYG4A==, figureFileBig=xajbAngsJsVtcnPQ+u1gJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400177548238916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343638875579250, language=CN, label=图4, caption=无避雷线的电气几何模型, figureFileSmall=eFo1Ifj/vwux2sOs7xYG4A==, figureFileBig=xajbAngsJsVtcnPQ+u1gJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400177703428170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343638875579250, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Lines structure, figureFileSmall=+HyNZErtrVH9icrfvRxpqQ==, figureFileBig=aWbrU7h6odQ90RAZ3/uEpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400178936553554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343638875579250, language=CN, label=图5, caption=线路结构, figureFileSmall=+HyNZErtrVH9icrfvRxpqQ==, figureFileBig=aWbrU7h6odQ90RAZ3/uEpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400179041411158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343638875579250, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Lightning overvoltage calculation model diagram, figureFileSmall=bgDr3gYUXU/jjpLbzJq2IQ==, figureFileBig=cuvHuKAUFcLwtwWzqGTgyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400179154657372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343638875579250, language=CN, label=图6, caption=雷击过电压计算模型图, figureFileSmall=bgDr3gYUXU/jjpLbzJq2IQ==, figureFileBig=cuvHuKAUFcLwtwWzqGTgyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400179259514976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343638875579250, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Line side lightning trip-out rate, figureFileSmall=qO+XaYWnEG10rIDCMCf0oQ==, figureFileBig=32gDM+HOtvjQhHRedpbFMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400179351789667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343638875579250, language=CN, label=图7, caption=线路侧雷击跳闸率, figureFileSmall=qO+XaYWnEG10rIDCMCf0oQ==, figureFileBig=32gDM+HOtvjQhHRedpbFMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400179439870055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343638875579250, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Distribution map of lightning risk on the line side, figureFileSmall=dmaFcOMAd5d+IQDysUf3xQ==, figureFileBig=HAuGN+2s4xy4Ggh/cWCAMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400179553116268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343638875579250, language=CN, label=图8, caption=线路侧雷击风险分布图, figureFileSmall=dmaFcOMAd5d+IQDysUf3xQ==, figureFileBig=HAuGN+2s4xy4Ggh/cWCAMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207400179657973873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343638875579250, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Risk classification criteria

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
跳闸率TR区间 风险等级
≤0.5Pr A
0.5Pr<TR≤Pr B
Pr<TR≤1.5Pr C
>1.5Pr D
), ArticleFig(id=1207400179775414391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343638875579250, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

风险等级划分标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
跳闸率TR区间 风险等级
≤0.5Pr A
0.5Pr<TR≤Pr B
Pr<TR≤1.5Pr C
>1.5Pr D
), ArticleFig(id=1207400180064821374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343638875579250, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Position influence coefficient Cd

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
相对位置 Cd
物体被其他物体或树包围 0.5
孤立物体;附近没有其他物体 1
山丘或山顶上的孤立物体 2
), ArticleFig(id=1207400180169678980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343638875579250, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

位置影响系数Cd

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
相对位置 Cd
物体被其他物体或树包围 0.5
孤立物体;附近没有其他物体 1
山丘或山顶上的孤立物体 2
), ArticleFig(id=1207400180261953673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343638875579250, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Lightning withstand level of active distribution line

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方向 雷击位置 线路侧杆塔耐雷水平/kA 雷击位置 光伏侧杆塔耐雷水平/kA
雷击配电线路侧 杆塔塔顶 7.4 #4号杆塔塔顶 33.7
杆塔档距中央 1 #4、#3号杆塔档距中央 51.5
杆塔附近地面 12
方向 雷击位置 光伏侧杆塔
耐雷水平/kA
#4号杆塔
耐雷水平/kA
#3号杆塔
耐雷水平/kA
#2号杆塔雷
耐雷水平/kA
雷击光伏侧 并网变压器低压侧 2.1 8.3 9 12
光伏侧线路杆塔附近地面 5.1 59 61 65
), ArticleFig(id=1207400180350034063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343638875579250, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

有源配电线路耐雷水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方向 雷击位置 线路侧杆塔耐雷水平/kA 雷击位置 光伏侧杆塔耐雷水平/kA
雷击配电线路侧 杆塔塔顶 7.4 #4号杆塔塔顶 33.7
杆塔档距中央 1 #4、#3号杆塔档距中央 51.5
杆塔附近地面 12
方向 雷击位置 光伏侧杆塔
耐雷水平/kA
#4号杆塔
耐雷水平/kA
#3号杆塔
耐雷水平/kA
#2号杆塔雷
耐雷水平/kA
雷击光伏侧 并网变压器低压侧 2.1 8.3 9 12
光伏侧线路杆塔附近地面 5.1 59 61 65
), ArticleFig(id=1207400180501029015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343638875579250, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Lightning trip-out rate of photovoltaic side

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
雷击位置 雷击跳闸率/[次·(100 km·a)-1]
光伏侧 27.52
#4号杆塔塔顶 1.19
#4、#3号杆塔档距中央 0.91
), ArticleFig(id=1207400180664606877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1207343638875579250, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

光伏侧雷击跳闸率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
雷击位置 雷击跳闸率/[次·(100 km·a)-1]
光伏侧 27.52
#4号杆塔塔顶 1.19
#4、#3号杆塔档距中央 0.91
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考虑分布式光伏和配电系统相互影响的雷击风险评估
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柴辰 1, 2 , 蔡超 3 , 何一川 4 , 黎鹏 1, 2, * , 吴田 1, 2 , 马志青 5
科学技术与工程 | 论文·电工技术 2025,25(17): 7219-7225
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·电工技术 2025, 25(17): 7219-7225
考虑分布式光伏和配电系统相互影响的雷击风险评估
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柴辰1, 2 , 蔡超3, 何一川4, 黎鹏1, 2, * , 吴田1, 2, 马志青5
作者信息
  • 1 三峡大学电气与新能源学院, 宜昌 443002
  • 2 湖北省输电线路工程技术研究中心(三峡大学), 宜昌 443002
  • 3 国网湖北省电力有限公司, 武汉 430000
  • 4 国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司, 武汉 430206
  • 5 国网青海省电力公司电力科学研究院, 西宁 810008
  • 柴辰(1999—),男,汉族,辽宁抚顺人,硕士研究生。研究方向:高电压与绝缘技术。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*黎鹏(1989—),男,汉族,湖北咸宁人,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力设备智能运维、电磁多物理场分析等。E-mail:
Lightning Risk Assessment Considering the Interaction between Distributed Photovoltaic and Distribution System
Chen CHAI1, 2 , Chao CAI3, Yi-chuan HE4, Peng LI1, 2, * , Tian WU1, 2, Zhi-qing MA5
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Electrical Engineering & New Energy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
  • 2 Hubei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Power Transmission Line(China Three Gorges University), Yichang 430002, China
  • 3 State Grid Hubei Electric Power Company, Wuhan 430000, China
  • 4 Wuhan NARI Limited Liability Company of State Grid Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan 430206, China
  • 5 Qinghai Electric Power Test and Research Insititute, Xining 810008, China
出版时间: 2025-06-18 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2408246
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雷电是造成有源配电线路故障的主要原因,研究有源配电网的雷害风险评估具有重要意义。以南京地区含分布式光伏系统的配电线路为研究对象,建立了含分布式光伏系统配电线路雷击过电压计算模型,分析了雷击时光伏侧和配电线路侧之间的相互影响,构建了两侧的电气几何模型,计算了光伏侧和线路侧跳闸率,并根据计算结果进行风险评估。结果表明:雷击距光伏侧最近的杆塔时,光伏侧的雷击跳闸率由27.52次/(100 km·a)上升至29.63次/(100 km·a),雷击风险较高;当光伏侧遭受雷击时,其相邻的3基杆塔受雷电侵入波影响跳闸率增加一倍,风险等级也较高。

分布式光伏  /  配电线路  /  电气几何模型  /  雷击跳闸率  /  风险评估

Lightning is the main cause of active distribution line fault. It is of great significance to study the lightning risk assessment of active distribution network. The distribution line with distributed photovoltaic system in Nanjing area was taken as the research object. The calculation model of lightning overvoltage on distribution lines with distributed photovoltaic system was established, and the interaction between photovoltaic side and distribution line side during lightning strike was analyzed. The electrical geometric model on both sides was constructed. The trip rates of the photovoltaic side and the line side were calculated, and the risk was evaluated according to the calculation results. The results show that when lightning strikes the nearest tower on the photovoltaic side, the lightning trip-out rate on the photovoltaic side increases from 27.52 times/(100 km·a) to 29.63 times/(100 km·a), and the lightning risk is higher. When the photovoltaic side is struck by lightning, the tripping rate of the adjacent three towers affected by the lightning intrusion wave is doubled, and the risk level is also higher.

distributed photovoltaic  /  distribution lines  /  electrical geometry  /  lightning trip-out rate  /  risk assessment
柴辰, 蔡超, 何一川, 黎鹏, 吴田, 马志青. 考虑分布式光伏和配电系统相互影响的雷击风险评估. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (17) : 7219 -7225 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2408246
Chen CHAI, Chao CAI, Yi-chuan HE, Peng LI, Tian WU, Zhi-qing MA. Lightning Risk Assessment Considering the Interaction between Distributed Photovoltaic and Distribution System[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (17) : 7219 -7225 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2408246
为实现“碳达峰”和“碳中和”目标,以光伏为代表的可再生能源将会大规模接入配电网中[1-5]。与传统配电线路相比,由于分布式光伏阵列安装于空旷屋顶处,所处位置较高[6-7],容易遭受雷击,使得含光伏系统的配电线路更易受雷击影响,因此,开展含分布式光伏系统配电线路的雷击风险评估具有重要的实际意义。
目前,关于配电线路的雷击风险评估已开展了较多研究,文献[8]考虑雷击跳闸率的计算精度,建立10 kV配电线路雷击跳闸率计算模型,并推荐了防雷配置方案;文献[9]考虑雷电参数、绝缘配置、走廊环境和历史雷击故障因素,建立了10 kV配电线路雷击风险评估模型,并给出防雷治理方案;文献[10]考虑线路运行、气象环境等多维数据,建立了基于加权马氏距离型逼近理想解排序法(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS)算法的10 kV配电网雷害风险评估模型;文献[11]考虑杆塔高程、地面倾角、土壤电阻率等因素,利用反向传播(back propagation,BP)人工神经网络建立了山区配电线路雷击风险评估模型,并进行风险评估。针对分布式光伏系统的雷击风险评估,文献[12]以雷电与光伏建筑的距离为依据,将光伏建筑划分为4个风险等级,并对不同的风险等级提出了防护措施;文献[13]以IEC62305-2的评估标准为依据,分析了直击雷发生区域和附近雷电入侵波导致控制区域系统失效的概率;文献[14]建立了光伏建筑一体化综合风险评估体系,并对青岛某项目进行风险评估;文献[15]建立了混合光伏-风电系统的雷击风险评估模型,计算浪涌保护器(surge protective device,SPD)的失效概率。
综上所述,针对含光伏系统的配电线路雷击风险评估研究,主要集中在配电线路或光伏系统本身,但光伏侧和线路侧之间存在相互影响,即雷击过电压不仅可能使雷击侧本身发生闪络故障,还可能威胁相邻光伏或配电系统。因此,现以实际分布式光伏用户接入10 kV配电线路为例,建立光伏侧和线路侧的电气几何模型,计算有源配电线路的雷击跳闸率,并分析有源配电网雷击风险概率,研究可为有源配电系统防雷设计提供参考。
为了评估含分布式光伏系统配电线路的雷击风险,做如下的假设。
(1)忽略光伏用户在地理位置和硬件参数上的差异,可将光伏用户等效为一个整体进行考虑。
(2)认为雷击光伏侧和线路侧时并网变压器没有损坏,且雷电入侵波可流过变压器内部,变压器模型用考虑杂散电容的Hybrid模型表示。
其中,风险评估流程图如图1所示。具体评估流程如下。
步骤1 在ATP-EMTP中搭建雷击过电压计算模型,包含光伏侧和线路侧两大模块,计算雷击有源配电线路不同位置时,光伏侧故障耐雷水平与线路侧闪络耐雷水平;对于光伏侧,分析并联母线、380 V杆塔绝缘子的电压幅值来判断是否发生雷击故障,计算雷击并网变压器低压侧及380 V配电线路杆塔附近地面时,光侧伏发生故障的耐雷水平;对于10 kV配电线路侧,由于每基杆塔的雷电活动信息有一定的差别,因此,计算雷击每基杆塔和档距中央及杆塔附近地面时的耐雷水平。
步骤2 建立光伏侧和配电线路侧的电气几何模型,结合光伏系统与线路杆塔自身的地闪密度信息,计算雷击光伏侧时,光伏侧自身跳闸率和线路侧的跳闸率,以及雷击线路侧时,线路侧自身跳闸率和光伏侧跳闸率。
步骤3 汇总雷击跳闸率计算结果,得到光伏侧与线路侧各杆塔的总雷击跳闸率,基于雷击跳闸率对光伏侧、配电线路侧及有源配电网系统整体进行量化风险评估。
步骤4 依据《架空输电线路雷电防护导则》(DL-T 2209—2021)[16]中雷击风险等级系列Ⅱ,提出风险等级划分方法,即以全线平均雷击跳闸率作为标准,对光伏系统和杆塔的雷击风险等级进行A、B、C、D共4个等级的划分,具体分级标准如表1所示。
Pr的计算公式如式(1)所示。
Pr=(TRpv+TRline)/(n+1)
式(1)中:TRpv为光伏系统的自身雷击跳闸率,次/(100 km·a);TRline为全线各杆塔的自身雷击跳闸率,次/(100 km·a);n为全线杆塔总数。在上述介绍风险评估流程部分中,提到光伏系统也需计算跳闸率,因此,在计算有源配电线路全线平均雷击跳闸率Pr时,也需考虑光伏系统的跳闸率,故分母部分取n+1。
基于IEC 62305-2标准[17]中雷击建筑物等效接收面积原理,并结合配电线路的电气几何模型,提出光伏系统的电气几何模型,如图2所示。击距计算公式引用文献[18]中的传统导线和大地的击距公式,不考虑雷击物体形状和邻近效应等其他因素的影响,仅为雷电流幅值和物体高度的函数。
图2所示,可将光伏阵列沿YOZ平面进行划分,从而得到不同高度的微元,这些微元可看成导线,根据电气几何模型,计算出各微元的击距,最后将各微元的击距进行叠加,进而得到光伏阵列的暴露弧区域。
图2可知,其暴露弧区域与大地击距平面相交部分的地面投影为光伏阵列的等效接收面积,具体如图3所示。
图3中,A'B'C'D'为光伏阵列ABCD在大地面的投影,最外面封闭区域1为感应雷最大等效面积Am,如式(2)所示,感应雷的等效接收面积计算公式如式(3)所示;内侧封闭区域2(E'F'G'I'J'K'M'N')为平面EFGIJKMN在大地面的投影即光伏阵列等效接收面积Ad,计算公式如式(4)所示。
$A_{\mathrm{m}}=W L \cos \theta+W D_{\mathrm{m}}+L D_{\mathrm{m}} \cos \theta+\pi\left(D_{\mathrm{m}} / 2\right)^{2}$
Ag=Am-AdCd
$\begin{aligned} A_{\mathrm{d}}= W L \cos \theta+(W+L \cos \theta)\left(R_{1}+R_{2}\right)+ 0.5 \pi\left(R_{1}^{2}+R_{2}^{2}\right) \end{aligned}$
式中:Dm为感应雷接收区域的直径,根据IEC 62305-2标准规定取250 m;θ为光伏阵列倾角,根据GB 50797标准[19]规定取28°;Cd为计入受保护物体相对位置影响的系数,如表2所示;R1R2分别对应阵列最低点与最高点在地面投影的距离,由于暴露弧区域与大地击距平面相交情况不同,导致R1R2长度不同,具体情况如下。
(1)当暴露弧区域与大地击距平面完全不相交时。
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{R}_{1}=0.67{H}^{0.6}{I}^{0.74}\\ {R}_{2}=0.67{(H+L\mathrm{s}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\theta )}^{0.6}{I}^{0.74}\end{array}\right.$
(2)当暴露弧区域与大地击距平面有部分相交时。
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{R}_{1}=\sqrt{\left|{R}_{\mathrm{s}1}^{2}-({R}_{\mathrm{g}1}{-H)}^{2}\right|}\\ {R}_{2}=0.67{(H+L\mathrm{s}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\theta )}^{0.6}{I}^{0.74}\end{array}\right.$
(3)当暴露弧区域与大地击距平面完全相交时(即阵列最低点、最高点所对应的击距面与大地击距相交)。
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{R}_{1}=\sqrt{\left|{R}_{\mathrm{s}1}^{2}-({R}_{\mathrm{g}1}{-H)}^{2}\right|}\\ {R}_{2}=\sqrt{\left|{R}_{\mathrm{s}2}^{2}-({R}_{\mathrm{g}2}{-H-L\mathrm{s}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\theta )}^{2}\right|}\end{array}\right.$
式中:H为光伏阵列上的点对地面的高度,m;I为雷电流幅值,kA;光伏侧雷击跳闸率TR光伏计算方法如式(8)~式(10)所示。
TRpv=TRz+TRg
$ \mathrm{TR}_{\mathrm{z}}=100 N_{\mathrm{D}} \eta \int_{I_{\mathrm{z}}}^{200} P(I) \mathrm{d} I$
$ \mathrm{TR}_{\mathrm{g}}=100 N_{\mathrm{m}} \eta \int_{I_{\mathrm{g}}}^{200} P(I) \mathrm{d} I$
式中:TRz为光伏系统直击雷跳闸率,次/(100 km·a);TRg为光伏系统感应雷跳闸率,次/(100 km·a);ND为直击雷情况下的年平均雷击次数,次/年,计算方法如式(11)所示[17];Nm为感应雷情况下的年平均雷击次数,次/年,计算公式如式(12)所示[17]。参考《交流电气装置的过电压保护与绝缘配合设计规范》(GB/T 50064—2014)[20],建弧率η取值为0.56;IzIg分别为直击雷和感应雷故障耐雷水平,kA;P(I)为雷电流峰值分别大于IzIg的累积概率。
ND=NgAdCd10-6
Nm=NgAg10-6
式中:Ng为地闪密度,次/(km2·a)。
配电线路的电气几何模型如图4所示,ABC为三相导线,高为h,横担宽度为b;RsRg分别为雷电对导线和大地的击距;DEEFFG分别以三相导线标记ABC为圆心、Rs为半径作的圆弧,也称为暴露弧,DEEFFG在地面上的投影即为引雷宽度Dk,HDGI为大地击距;雷电流幅值越大时,暴露弧DEEFFG段也会相应增大,因此DG两点的水平高度将引雷宽度Dk的计算分为了两种情况,如式(13)所示[21],ymax,I为感应雷电流幅值为Ik时的最大临界闪络距离,利用ATP中的感应雷过电计算模型对ymax,I进行拟合得到,计算公式如(14)所示。
Dk=$\left\{\begin{array}{ll}2{R}_{\mathrm{s}}+b,& {R}_{\mathrm{g}}\le h\\ 2\sqrt{{R}_{\mathrm{s}}^{2}-({R}_{\mathrm{s}}{-h)}^{2}}+b,& {R}_{\mathrm{g}}>h\end{array}\right.$
ymax,I=4I-57.6
由于配电线路杆塔一般不架设避雷线,所以认为雷击塔顶即为反击跳闸率,其直击雷跳闸率TRd计算方法如式(15)~式(17)所示,感应雷跳闸率TRi计算公式如式(18)所示。
TRd=TRc+TRd
$\mathrm{TR}_{\mathrm{c}}=0.1 N_{\mathrm{g}} \eta g \int_{I_{A}}^{200} D_{\mathrm{k}} P(I) \mathrm{d} I $
$\mathrm{TR}_{\mathrm{f}}=0.1 N_{\mathrm{g}} \eta(1-g) \int_{I_{B}}^{200} D_{\mathrm{k}} P(I) \mathrm{d} I$
$\mathrm{TR}_{\mathrm{i}}=0.1 N_{\mathrm{g}} \eta \int_{I_{C}}^{200}\left[y_{\text {max }, I}-D_{\mathrm{k}}\right] P(I) \mathrm{d} I$
式中:击杆率g参照IEEE计算过程[22]取值为0.5;IAIBIC分别为反击、绕击和感应雷的耐雷水平,kA。
南京地区含分布式光伏系统接入配电线路的线路结构如图5所示。
图5中,分布式光伏侧共12户,每户间隔距离为10 m,光伏电池板型号为ZXP6-72-350W,长、宽、高分别为10、20、10 m,并网容量为20 kW,均接有计量表、直流汇流箱及逆变器,并接入380 V线路,最后通过SHB-15型配电变压器与10 kV配电线路相连,变压器容量为240 kVA。其中,380 V配电线路杆塔绝缘子闪络电压U50%为30 kV。
10 kV配电线路侧杆塔类型为直线塔,塔高为15 m,接地电阻为10 Ω,没有架设避雷线,绝缘子闪络电压U50%为100 kV,10 kV线路II有4基杆塔,每基杆塔档距为30 m,10 kV线路I有10基杆塔,每基杆塔档距为50 m。
根据图5所示的线路走向、实际线路基本信息及雷击位置,在ATP中建立含分布式光伏系统的配电线路雷击过电压计算模型。直击雷雷击位置分别为:光伏侧-并网变压器低压侧,线路侧-各杆塔的塔顶和档距中央;感应雷雷击位置分别为:光伏侧-雷击距380 V配电线路杆塔垂直距离65 m地面处,线路侧-雷击距杆塔垂直距离65 m地面处,雷击过电压计算模型图如图6所示。
在计算耐雷水平时做如下规定:①线路侧取刚好使两相及以上绝缘子闪络的雷电流幅值作为耐雷水平;②光伏侧取低压侧线路任一相绝缘子闪络的雷电流幅值作为耐雷水平。雷击光伏侧和配电线路侧时,计算得到有源配电线路杆塔耐雷水平如表3所示。
表3可知,由于配电线路侧杆塔类型、绝缘子参数及接地电阻一致,故雷击线路侧各杆塔直击雷和感应雷的耐雷水平一致,雷击塔顶、档距中央和感应雷耐雷水平分别为7.4、1和12 kA。当考虑雷击配电线路侧对光伏侧的影响时,雷击临近光伏侧的#4号杆塔塔顶和#4-#3号杆塔档距中央时,光伏侧将发生闪络故障,耐雷水平分别为33.7 kA和51.5 kA,如果雷击距离光伏侧较远的其他杆塔时,不会对光伏侧造成影响。雷击光伏侧时,光伏侧杆塔的直击雷和感应雷耐雷水平分别为2.1 kA和5.1 kA;当雷击点位于光伏侧时,能使线路侧临近光伏系统的3基杆塔(#4、#3、#2)发生闪络。
根据上述耐雷水平计算结果,结合有源配电线路电气几何模型,计算雷击跳闸率。其中,光伏侧地闪密度为10次/(km2·a),计算得到光伏侧雷击跳闸率如表4所示,线路侧雷击跳闸率如图7所示。
表4可知,雷击光伏侧时,光伏系统自身跳闸率为27.52次/(100 km·a);雷击配电线路侧#4号杆塔塔顶和#4-#3号杆塔档距中央时,雷电侵入波造成光伏系统发生故障概率分别为1.19次/(100 km·a)和0.91次/(100 km·a),可见,光伏系统受线路雷击侵入波的影响较小。
图7可知,由于雷击光伏侧时,会引起其相邻配电线路侧的三基杆塔出现闪络,故#4、#3和#2号杆塔的雷击跳闸率分别增加了17.69、17.41和16.60次/(100 km·a),其余各杆塔的跳闸率大约为18.95次/(100 km·a)。
经计算:光伏侧总的跳闸率(包括雷击光伏侧本身的跳闸率和雷击配电线路侧导致光伏系统故障的跳闸率)为29.63次/(100 km·a)。
根据表1所示的风险分级标准,结合表4图7所示的跳闸率计算结果,对有源配电线路进行风险等级划分,具体如图8所示。
图8可知,光伏系统和最靠近光伏侧的3基杆塔所受的雷击风险最大、雷击跳闸率最高,雷击处于该风险等级的杆塔和光伏系统时,入侵波不仅能使线路侧杆塔和光伏系统发生故障损坏,还会入侵到其临近的设备(光伏系统和线路杆塔)并发生故障;处于线路末端杆塔的风险最低,为B、C级,其雷击特性基本与光伏侧无关,可单独作为配电线路进行分析。
根据分布式光伏系统接入10 kV配电线路的雷电活动信息及线路参数,提出了有源配电线路的雷击风险评估方法,计算了光伏系统和线路侧杆塔雷击跳闸率,获得的结论如下。
(1)雷击临近光伏系统的线路侧1基杆塔及其杆塔档距中央能使光伏系统发生故障;雷击光伏侧产生的入侵波造成线路侧临近3基杆塔发生跳闸。
(2)雷击光伏侧引起光伏系统自身故障率约为27.52次/(100 km·a),但受雷击配电线路侧产生的入侵波影响,光伏侧的雷击跳闸率上升至29.63次/(100 km·a),使得光伏系统的雷击风险较高。
(3)配电线路侧杆塔的雷击跳闸率约为18.95次/(100 km·a),当考虑雷击光伏侧产生的入侵波影响时,线路侧临近光伏系统3基杆塔的雷击跳闸率会增加一倍,风险等级也较高。
  • 国家自然科学基金(51807110)
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2025年第25卷第17期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2408246
  • 接收时间:2024-11-05
  • 首发时间:2025-12-15
  • 出版时间:2025-06-18
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-05
基金
国家自然科学基金(51807110)
作者信息
    1 三峡大学电气与新能源学院, 宜昌 443002
    2 湖北省输电线路工程技术研究中心(三峡大学), 宜昌 443002
    3 国网湖北省电力有限公司, 武汉 430000
    4 国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司, 武汉 430206
    5 国网青海省电力公司电力科学研究院, 西宁 810008

通讯作者:

*黎鹏(1989—),男,汉族,湖北咸宁人,博士,副教授。研究方向:电力设备智能运维、电磁多物理场分析等。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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