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Strengthening green and low-carbon environmental control technologies is critical because the industrial, agricultural, and construction sectors face three major challenges: high energy consumption, high emissions, and low energy efficiency in controlling temperature and humidity in specific areas. Heat pump-driven desiccant wheel air conditioning provides high evaporative temperature cooling, effective humidity management, and easy integration with renewable energy equipment. The typical heat pump-driven desiccant wheel air conditioning system was analyzed, the research progress of heat pump independently driven desiccant wheel air conditioning system under various coupling methods was reviewed, and the performance, regeneration temperature, and application occasions of heat pump independently driven desiccant wheel air conditioning system under various working conditions were summarized. Furthermore, the solar-assisted heat pump-driven desiccant wheel air conditioning system was introduced. Finally, existing challenges and future developments of heat pump-driven desiccant wheel air conditioning system were analyzed and projected.

, correspAuthors=Liu CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Liu CHEN, Yue LIU, Zhen-yuan GUO, Liang-tian WANG, Yu-jie XU, Jiao-ling WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149768972838551610, articleId=1149768938365567068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=热泵驱动转轮除湿空调技术发展现状与展望, columnId=1172606208600064076, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=综述·一般工业技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

工业、农业及建筑部门的特定空间温湿度控制存在高耗能、高排放及低能效三大问题,绿色低碳环境控制技术亟需加强。热泵驱动转轮除湿空调具有高蒸发温度冷却、高效湿度控制、易于与可再生设备集成多方面的优势。分析了典型热泵驱动转轮除湿空调系统的原理,综述了热泵独立驱动转轮除湿空调系统在不同耦合方式下的研究进展,总结了热泵独立驱动转轮除湿空调系统在不同工况下的性能、再生温度及应用场合,并引入太阳能辅助热泵驱动转轮除湿空调系统,以太阳能集热方式的不同分别综述了太阳能热水型系统和太阳能空气型系统。最后,对热泵驱动转轮除湿空调系统现存的问题和未来的发展进行了分析和展望。

, correspAuthors=陈柳, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=miyKYL1BNuQiETVeMI4t/g==, magXml=u3/KX9+c4v6RKe3qb8L0fw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=t13gNdmffTlwPWURfTYOLw==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=jbaAMHjJJ5GtfftdxlCdIw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

陈柳(1975—),女,汉族,新疆伊犁人,博士,副教授。研究方向:转轮除湿空调系统。E-mail:

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陈柳(1975—),女,汉族,新疆伊犁人,博士,副教授。研究方向:转轮除湿空调系统。E-mail:

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陈柳(1975—),女,汉族,新疆伊犁人,博士,副教授。研究方向:转轮除湿空调系统。E-mail:

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caption=三蒸发三冷凝的热泵驱动低温再生转轮除湿空调系统[62], figureFileSmall=PoYImYEFU0sdAbF0OlY5Yg==, figureFileBig=qdnoFBCnjBj+zq/F/tUlRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172924343647617240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768938365567068, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=A solar driven two-stage desiccant wheel air conditioning system combined with geothermal heat pumps[70], figureFileSmall=0qTfvrXYbwFPqfQ+5HGvow==, figureFileBig=ihV/jjze0tD3q8bmtuqbow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172924343723114713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768938365567068, language=CN, label=图12, caption=一种结合地热热泵的太阳能驱动两级转轮除湿空调系统[70], figureFileSmall=0qTfvrXYbwFPqfQ+5HGvow==, figureFileBig=ihV/jjze0tD3q8bmtuqbow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172924343798612186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768938365567068, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Heat pump combined with PV/T driven desiccant wheel air conditioning system[75], figureFileSmall=O0qPciI0Eni60ZmzGYcazg==, figureFileBig=hFhjMZCge7GmjLIDfIZv6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172924343874109659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768938365567068, language=CN, label=图13, caption=热泵联合PV/T驱动转轮除湿空调系统[75], figureFileSmall=O0qPciI0Eni60ZmzGYcazg==, figureFileBig=hFhjMZCge7GmjLIDfIZv6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1172924343941218524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768938365567068, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Configuration and performance comparison of single stage heat pump independently driven desiccant wheel air conditioning systems

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
文献 系统描述 工况[温度/℃;
湿度/(g·kg-1)]
再生
温度/℃
送风状态[温度/℃;
湿度/(g·kg-1)]
性能参数 应用场合
[42] 单级高温再生系统-后冷型:处理/再生空气:新风+回风/新风 温度:35
湿度:14.30
63 温度:20
湿度:8.66
热泵COP:2.30
系统COP:2.30
节能率:45.6%
[48] 单级高温再生系统-后冷型:处理/再生空气:新风+回风/新风
制冷剂:BY-3
温度:34
湿度:20
63 温度:20.56
湿度:8.46
系统COP:2.08 民用及
工业建筑
[49] 单级高温再生系统-后冷型:处理/再生空气:新风+回风/新风 温度:28~40
湿度:8~22
57~66 温度:18~22
湿度:7~9
除湿能力:
0.98~1.34 kg/h
除湿性能系数(除湿量与再生能耗之比):0.21~0.27
民用建筑
[20] 单级高温再生系统-后冷型:处理/再生空气:新风+回风/新风 温度:28~40
湿度:8~20
60 温度:20 热泵COP:2.57
除湿率:32.1%
民用建筑
[21] 单级高温再生系统-后冷型:处理/再生空气:新风+回风/新风
制冷剂:R142b
热泵蒸发器所处的室外环境温度:40
热泵冷凝器进风温度:27
70~80 温度:20 热泵COP:2.06~
3.20
民用建筑
[50] 单级高温再生系统-后冷型:
处理/再生空气:新风/新风
温度:26
湿度:15
90~95 温度:35 热泵COP:2.2
效率:
2.36%~4.87%
[51] 单级高温再生系统-后冷型:
处理/再生空气:新风+回风/新风
温度:20.90~38
湿度:3~18.50
温度:17.65~20.18
湿度:9.17
热泵COP:2.53~
3.47
民用建筑
[52] 单级高温再生系统-后冷型(显热换热器辅助后冷与再生):
处理/再生空气:新风+回风/新风
温度:35
湿度:21.94
75 温度:20
湿度:11.66
一级热泵COP:5.65
二级热泵COP:5.41
民用建筑
[43] 单级高温再生系统-预冷型(电加热器辅助热泵冷凝器再生):
处理/再生空气:新风/回风
除湿材料:金属有机框架材料
温度:32
湿度:27.44
70 热泵COP:3.12
能量因子:
2.07 kg/(kW·h)
民用建筑
[44] 单级高温再生系统-双冷型(热泵蒸发器后冷;全热回收器预冷):
处理/再生空气:新风
温度:
30.70~35.80
湿度:
17.30~24
50 温度:20
湿度:9.67
系统COP:3.04~
4.38
潮湿地区
[31] 单级高温再生系统-双冷型(全热交换器预冷;太阳能再生;显热交换器与土壤源热泵通过制冷器后冷):
处理/再生空气:新风
温度:34.80
湿度:21.52
送风温湿度可满足室内温度和相对湿度设定点为26 ℃和60%的要求 热泵COP:4.68
转轮除湿量:
6.91 kg/kg
夏热冬冷地区
民用建筑
[45] 单级低温再生系统-后冷型:
处理/再生空气:新风
除湿材料:80%硅胶+10%聚丙烯酸+10%聚丙烯酸钠
温度:32
湿度:18
45 温度:16
湿度:18
热泵COP:4.60
系统耗电量:
2.41 kW
[32] 单级低温再生系统-后冷型(显热交换器与热泵蒸发器后冷,与冷凝器再生):
处理空气:新风或新风+回风
温度:35
湿度:21.50
78 温度:<26
湿度:<12.70
热泵COP:3.90
系统COP:4.10
夏热冬冷地区
[53] 单级低温再生系统-后冷型(板式换热器与空气冷却器后冷;板式换热器与热泵冷凝器再生):
处理/再生空气:新风
温度:31.30
湿度:13.20
70 温度:<26
湿度:<12.60
再生能耗:减少了
39.20%
高温中湿地区
[46] 单级低温再生系统-预冷型:
处理/再生空气:新风
除湿材料:无机硅酸盐+有机亲水材料
温度:29.80
湿度:16.70
52 温度:30.80
湿度:6.30
除湿性能系数:1.30
除湿率:0.62
高湿地区
[45] 单级低温再生系统-预冷型:
处理/再生空气:新风
除湿材料:80%硅胶+10%聚丙烯酸+10%聚丙烯酸钠
温度:32
湿度:18
45 温度:29
湿度:11
热泵COP:5.60
能量因子:
2.30 kg/(kW·h)
耗电量:1.86 kW
高湿地区
民用建筑
[54] 单级低温再生系统-预冷型:
处理/再生空气:新风+回风/新风
温度:16.60~
31.50
34~50 温度:23~31 除湿能力:
0.31~0.52 kg/h
高温高湿地区
民用建筑
[55] 单级低温再生系统-预冷型(前表冷器与热泵蒸发器预冷):
处理/再生空气:新风
温度:33
湿度:5.10
55 转轮除湿机出口温度:26
转轮除湿机出口湿度:3.74
除湿性能系数:2.51
总除湿量:
51.26 kg/h
能耗:常规转轮除湿系统的39%
低湿地区
[25] 单级低温再生系统-预冷型(加热器干燥,辅助再生):
处理/再生空气:新风/回风
温度:25
湿度:10.70
87 温度:50
湿度:4.60
转轮除湿量:
6.10 g/kg
除湿能耗比:
2 633 kJ/kg
杏鲍菇干燥
[56] 单级低温再生系统-预冷型:
处理/再生空气:回风/新风
除湿材料:高分子聚合吸附材料
风速:1 m/s
切片厚度:
5 mm
35~75 温度:45 活化能:
39.68 kJ/mol
单位能耗:
2 181.58 kJ/g
胡萝卜片干燥
[57] 单级低温再生系统-预冷型:
处理/再生空气:回风/新风
除湿材料:高分子聚合吸附材料
风速:1 m/s
切片厚度:
5 mm
35~75 温度:45 最大干燥速率:
7.48 g/(g·h)
干燥时间:4 h
活化能:
37.44 kJ/mol
白萝卜片干燥
[47] 单级低温再生系统-双冷型:
处理/再生空气:新风+回风/回风
温度:21~34
湿度:
14.86~23.73
40~53 温度:<26
湿度:<12.60
制冷节能潜力:9.4%
除湿节能潜力:14.9%
湿热地区近
零能耗建筑
[58] 单级低温再生系统-双冷型(热交换器与热泵冷凝器再生):
处理空气:新风
温度:33
湿度:19
52.7 温度:18.70
湿度:10
系统COP:5.01
效率:18%
民用建筑
[59] 单级低温再生系统-双冷型(表冷器预冷;板式换热器与热泵蒸发器后冷,与热泵冷凝器再生):
处理/再生空气:新风
温度:34.20
湿度:21.20
74 温度:20
湿度:6.60
PMV:0.48
PPD:22%
高温高湿
地区
[60] 单级低温再生系统-双冷型(全热回收机预冷):
处理/再生空气:回风/新风
除湿材料:金属有机框架材料
温度:33.50
湿度:18.98
54 温度:18
湿度:8.29
民用建筑
[61] 单级低温再生系统-双冷型:
处理/再生空气:新风+一次回风+二次回风/新风
除湿材料:聚丙烯腈
温度:-20~38
湿度:0~38
73.20 温度:<23
湿度:3.50
最大系统节电量:34.1~40.1 kW
节能率:
41.8%(室内相对湿度要求为40%时)
高温中湿地区
[61] 单级低温再生系统-双冷型:
处理/再生空气:新风+二次回风/回风
除湿材料:聚丙烯腈
温度:-20~38
湿度:0~38
42.50 温度:<23
湿度:3.50
最大系统节电量:94.7 kW
节能率:
41.8%(室内相对湿度要求为40%时)
低露点车间或
低露点工业
建筑
), ArticleFig(id=1172924344062853341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768938365567068, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

单级热泵独立驱动转轮除湿空调系统的配置和性能比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
文献 系统描述 工况[温度/℃;
湿度/(g·kg-1)]
再生
温度/℃
送风状态[温度/℃;
湿度/(g·kg-1)]
性能参数 应用场合
[42] 单级高温再生系统-后冷型:处理/再生空气:新风+回风/新风 温度:35
湿度:14.30
63 温度:20
湿度:8.66
热泵COP:2.30
系统COP:2.30
节能率:45.6%
[48] 单级高温再生系统-后冷型:处理/再生空气:新风+回风/新风
制冷剂:BY-3
温度:34
湿度:20
63 温度:20.56
湿度:8.46
系统COP:2.08 民用及
工业建筑
[49] 单级高温再生系统-后冷型:处理/再生空气:新风+回风/新风 温度:28~40
湿度:8~22
57~66 温度:18~22
湿度:7~9
除湿能力:
0.98~1.34 kg/h
除湿性能系数(除湿量与再生能耗之比):0.21~0.27
民用建筑
[20] 单级高温再生系统-后冷型:处理/再生空气:新风+回风/新风 温度:28~40
湿度:8~20
60 温度:20 热泵COP:2.57
除湿率:32.1%
民用建筑
[21] 单级高温再生系统-后冷型:处理/再生空气:新风+回风/新风
制冷剂:R142b
热泵蒸发器所处的室外环境温度:40
热泵冷凝器进风温度:27
70~80 温度:20 热泵COP:2.06~
3.20
民用建筑
[50] 单级高温再生系统-后冷型:
处理/再生空气:新风/新风
温度:26
湿度:15
90~95 温度:35 热泵COP:2.2
效率:
2.36%~4.87%
[51] 单级高温再生系统-后冷型:
处理/再生空气:新风+回风/新风
温度:20.90~38
湿度:3~18.50
温度:17.65~20.18
湿度:9.17
热泵COP:2.53~
3.47
民用建筑
[52] 单级高温再生系统-后冷型(显热换热器辅助后冷与再生):
处理/再生空气:新风+回风/新风
温度:35
湿度:21.94
75 温度:20
湿度:11.66
一级热泵COP:5.65
二级热泵COP:5.41
民用建筑
[43] 单级高温再生系统-预冷型(电加热器辅助热泵冷凝器再生):
处理/再生空气:新风/回风
除湿材料:金属有机框架材料
温度:32
湿度:27.44
70 热泵COP:3.12
能量因子:
2.07 kg/(kW·h)
民用建筑
[44] 单级高温再生系统-双冷型(热泵蒸发器后冷;全热回收器预冷):
处理/再生空气:新风
温度:
30.70~35.80
湿度:
17.30~24
50 温度:20
湿度:9.67
系统COP:3.04~
4.38
潮湿地区
[31] 单级高温再生系统-双冷型(全热交换器预冷;太阳能再生;显热交换器与土壤源热泵通过制冷器后冷):
处理/再生空气:新风
温度:34.80
湿度:21.52
送风温湿度可满足室内温度和相对湿度设定点为26 ℃和60%的要求 热泵COP:4.68
转轮除湿量:
6.91 kg/kg
夏热冬冷地区
民用建筑
[45] 单级低温再生系统-后冷型:
处理/再生空气:新风
除湿材料:80%硅胶+10%聚丙烯酸+10%聚丙烯酸钠
温度:32
湿度:18
45 温度:16
湿度:18
热泵COP:4.60
系统耗电量:
2.41 kW
[32] 单级低温再生系统-后冷型(显热交换器与热泵蒸发器后冷,与冷凝器再生):
处理空气:新风或新风+回风
温度:35
湿度:21.50
78 温度:<26
湿度:<12.70
热泵COP:3.90
系统COP:4.10
夏热冬冷地区
[53] 单级低温再生系统-后冷型(板式换热器与空气冷却器后冷;板式换热器与热泵冷凝器再生):
处理/再生空气:新风
温度:31.30
湿度:13.20
70 温度:<26
湿度:<12.60
再生能耗:减少了
39.20%
高温中湿地区
[46] 单级低温再生系统-预冷型:
处理/再生空气:新风
除湿材料:无机硅酸盐+有机亲水材料
温度:29.80
湿度:16.70
52 温度:30.80
湿度:6.30
除湿性能系数:1.30
除湿率:0.62
高湿地区
[45] 单级低温再生系统-预冷型:
处理/再生空气:新风
除湿材料:80%硅胶+10%聚丙烯酸+10%聚丙烯酸钠
温度:32
湿度:18
45 温度:29
湿度:11
热泵COP:5.60
能量因子:
2.30 kg/(kW·h)
耗电量:1.86 kW
高湿地区
民用建筑
[54] 单级低温再生系统-预冷型:
处理/再生空气:新风+回风/新风
温度:16.60~
31.50
34~50 温度:23~31 除湿能力:
0.31~0.52 kg/h
高温高湿地区
民用建筑
[55] 单级低温再生系统-预冷型(前表冷器与热泵蒸发器预冷):
处理/再生空气:新风
温度:33
湿度:5.10
55 转轮除湿机出口温度:26
转轮除湿机出口湿度:3.74
除湿性能系数:2.51
总除湿量:
51.26 kg/h
能耗:常规转轮除湿系统的39%
低湿地区
[25] 单级低温再生系统-预冷型(加热器干燥,辅助再生):
处理/再生空气:新风/回风
温度:25
湿度:10.70
87 温度:50
湿度:4.60
转轮除湿量:
6.10 g/kg
除湿能耗比:
2 633 kJ/kg
杏鲍菇干燥
[56] 单级低温再生系统-预冷型:
处理/再生空气:回风/新风
除湿材料:高分子聚合吸附材料
风速:1 m/s
切片厚度:
5 mm
35~75 温度:45 活化能:
39.68 kJ/mol
单位能耗:
2 181.58 kJ/g
胡萝卜片干燥
[57] 单级低温再生系统-预冷型:
处理/再生空气:回风/新风
除湿材料:高分子聚合吸附材料
风速:1 m/s
切片厚度:
5 mm
35~75 温度:45 最大干燥速率:
7.48 g/(g·h)
干燥时间:4 h
活化能:
37.44 kJ/mol
白萝卜片干燥
[47] 单级低温再生系统-双冷型:
处理/再生空气:新风+回风/回风
温度:21~34
湿度:
14.86~23.73
40~53 温度:<26
湿度:<12.60
制冷节能潜力:9.4%
除湿节能潜力:14.9%
湿热地区近
零能耗建筑
[58] 单级低温再生系统-双冷型(热交换器与热泵冷凝器再生):
处理空气:新风
温度:33
湿度:19
52.7 温度:18.70
湿度:10
系统COP:5.01
效率:18%
民用建筑
[59] 单级低温再生系统-双冷型(表冷器预冷;板式换热器与热泵蒸发器后冷,与热泵冷凝器再生):
处理/再生空气:新风
温度:34.20
湿度:21.20
74 温度:20
湿度:6.60
PMV:0.48
PPD:22%
高温高湿
地区
[60] 单级低温再生系统-双冷型(全热回收机预冷):
处理/再生空气:回风/新风
除湿材料:金属有机框架材料
温度:33.50
湿度:18.98
54 温度:18
湿度:8.29
民用建筑
[61] 单级低温再生系统-双冷型:
处理/再生空气:新风+一次回风+二次回风/新风
除湿材料:聚丙烯腈
温度:-20~38
湿度:0~38
73.20 温度:<23
湿度:3.50
最大系统节电量:34.1~40.1 kW
节能率:
41.8%(室内相对湿度要求为40%时)
高温中湿地区
[61] 单级低温再生系统-双冷型:
处理/再生空气:新风+二次回风/回风
除湿材料:聚丙烯腈
温度:-20~38
湿度:0~38
42.50 温度:<23
湿度:3.50
最大系统节电量:94.7 kW
节能率:
41.8%(室内相对湿度要求为40%时)
低露点车间或
低露点工业
建筑
), ArticleFig(id=1172924344134156510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768938365567068, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Configuration and performance comparison of two-stage heat pump independently driven desiccant wheel air conditioning systems

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
文献 系统描述 工况[温度/℃;
湿度/(g·kg-1)]
再生温度/℃ 送风状态[温度/℃;
湿度/(g·kg-1)]
性能参数 应用场合
[44] 双级高温再生热泵驱动转轮除湿空调系统(全热回收器预冷;热泵蒸发器与表冷器中冷):
处理空气:新风
温度:
30.70~35.80
湿度:
17.30~24
50 温度:20
湿度:9.67
系统COP:3.56~4.74 潮湿地区
[63] 双级高温再生热泵驱动转轮除湿空调系统(电加热器再生一·级转轮,辅助再生二级转轮):
处理/再生空气:新风
温度:26
湿度:10.42~26.88
50~75 温度:22
湿度:10.58
能耗:节能27.3% 混合气候区
民用建筑
[62] 双级低温再生热泵驱动转轮除湿空调系统:
处理/再生空气:新风/回风
温度:33
湿度:19
一级转轮再生温度:44.50
二级转轮再生温度:43.70
温度:21.60
湿度:10
系统COP:5.50
热泵COP:6.00
高湿地区
[62] 双级低温再生热泵驱动转轮湿空调系统(显热交换器后冷):
处理/再生空气:新风/回风
温度:33
湿度:19
一级转轮再生温度:40.40
二级转轮再生温度:39.60
温度:21.70
湿度:10
系统COP:6.30
热泵COP:5.90
高湿地区
[64] 双级低温再生热泵驱动转轮除湿空调系统(电加热器辅助再生二级转轮):
处理/再生空气:新风+回风/回风
温度:21~34
湿度:
14.86~23.74
一级转轮再生温度:31.70~49.40
二级转轮再生温度:37.20~49.40
系统COP:
>1.80
工业和
民用建筑
), ArticleFig(id=1172924344218042591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149768938365567068, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

双级热泵独立驱动转轮除湿空调系统的配置和性能比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
文献 系统描述 工况[温度/℃;
湿度/(g·kg-1)]
再生温度/℃ 送风状态[温度/℃;
湿度/(g·kg-1)]
性能参数 应用场合
[44] 双级高温再生热泵驱动转轮除湿空调系统(全热回收器预冷;热泵蒸发器与表冷器中冷):
处理空气:新风
温度:
30.70~35.80
湿度:
17.30~24
50 温度:20
湿度:9.67
系统COP:3.56~4.74 潮湿地区
[63] 双级高温再生热泵驱动转轮除湿空调系统(电加热器再生一·级转轮,辅助再生二级转轮):
处理/再生空气:新风
温度:26
湿度:10.42~26.88
50~75 温度:22
湿度:10.58
能耗:节能27.3% 混合气候区
民用建筑
[62] 双级低温再生热泵驱动转轮除湿空调系统:
处理/再生空气:新风/回风
温度:33
湿度:19
一级转轮再生温度:44.50
二级转轮再生温度:43.70
温度:21.60
湿度:10
系统COP:5.50
热泵COP:6.00
高湿地区
[62] 双级低温再生热泵驱动转轮湿空调系统(显热交换器后冷):
处理/再生空气:新风/回风
温度:33
湿度:19
一级转轮再生温度:40.40
二级转轮再生温度:39.60
温度:21.70
湿度:10
系统COP:6.30
热泵COP:5.90
高湿地区
[64] 双级低温再生热泵驱动转轮除湿空调系统(电加热器辅助再生二级转轮):
处理/再生空气:新风+回风/回风
温度:21~34
湿度:
14.86~23.74
一级转轮再生温度:31.70~49.40
二级转轮再生温度:37.20~49.40
系统COP:
>1.80
工业和
民用建筑
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热泵驱动转轮除湿空调技术发展现状与展望
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陈柳 1 , 刘悦 2 , 郭镇源 2 , 王亮添 3 , 徐玉洁 1 , 王教领 4
科学技术与工程 | 综述·一般工业技术 2025,25(15): 6169-6182
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科学技术与工程 | 综述·一般工业技术 2025, 25(15): 6169-6182
热泵驱动转轮除湿空调技术发展现状与展望
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陈柳1 , 刘悦2, 郭镇源2, 王亮添3, 徐玉洁1, 王教领4
作者信息
  • 1 西安科技大学能源学院, 西安 710054
  • 2 西安科技大学建筑与土木工程学院, 西安 710054
  • 3 广东申菱环境系统股份有限公司, 佛山 528313
  • 4 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所, 南京 210014
  • 陈柳(1975—),女,汉族,新疆伊犁人,博士,副教授。研究方向:转轮除湿空调系统。E-mail:

Development Status and Prospects of Heat Pump-driven Desiccant Wheel Air Conditioning Technology
Liu CHEN1 , Yue LIU2, Zhen-yuan GUO2, Liang-tian WANG3, Yu-jie XU1, Jiao-ling WANG4
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Energy, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
  • 2 College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
  • 3 Guangdong Shenling Environmental Systems Co., Ltd., Foshan 528313, China
  • 4 Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
出版时间: 2025-05-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406469
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工业、农业及建筑部门的特定空间温湿度控制存在高耗能、高排放及低能效三大问题,绿色低碳环境控制技术亟需加强。热泵驱动转轮除湿空调具有高蒸发温度冷却、高效湿度控制、易于与可再生设备集成多方面的优势。分析了典型热泵驱动转轮除湿空调系统的原理,综述了热泵独立驱动转轮除湿空调系统在不同耦合方式下的研究进展,总结了热泵独立驱动转轮除湿空调系统在不同工况下的性能、再生温度及应用场合,并引入太阳能辅助热泵驱动转轮除湿空调系统,以太阳能集热方式的不同分别综述了太阳能热水型系统和太阳能空气型系统。最后,对热泵驱动转轮除湿空调系统现存的问题和未来的发展进行了分析和展望。

热泵  /  转轮除湿  /  空调系统  /  太阳能

Strengthening green and low-carbon environmental control technologies is critical because the industrial, agricultural, and construction sectors face three major challenges: high energy consumption, high emissions, and low energy efficiency in controlling temperature and humidity in specific areas. Heat pump-driven desiccant wheel air conditioning provides high evaporative temperature cooling, effective humidity management, and easy integration with renewable energy equipment. The typical heat pump-driven desiccant wheel air conditioning system was analyzed, the research progress of heat pump independently driven desiccant wheel air conditioning system under various coupling methods was reviewed, and the performance, regeneration temperature, and application occasions of heat pump independently driven desiccant wheel air conditioning system under various working conditions were summarized. Furthermore, the solar-assisted heat pump-driven desiccant wheel air conditioning system was introduced. Finally, existing challenges and future developments of heat pump-driven desiccant wheel air conditioning system were analyzed and projected.

heat pump  /  desiccant wheel  /  air conditioning system  /  solar
陈柳, 刘悦, 郭镇源, 王亮添, 徐玉洁, 王教领. 热泵驱动转轮除湿空调技术发展现状与展望. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (15) : 6169 -6182 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406469
Liu CHEN, Yue LIU, Zhen-yuan GUO, Liang-tian WANG, Yu-jie XU, Jiao-ling WANG. Development Status and Prospects of Heat Pump-driven Desiccant Wheel Air Conditioning Technology[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (15) : 6169 -6182 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406469
空调系统无论是对工业建筑保证生产,还是对民用建筑提供健康舒适的生活环境都起着重要作用[1-2]。传统空调通常采用蒸汽压缩制冷冷凝除湿的方式对空气进行热湿处理[3-4],这种方式往往会在满足空气湿度要求的同时过度降温[5-7]。转轮除湿空调系统作为一种先进的空气处理方式,能够适应建筑室内热湿比不断变化的需求,具有低品位热能驱动、可实现温湿度独立控制等优点[8-12]。其主要由处理潜热的转轮除湿机、提供再生的加热单元及处理显热的冷却单元组成。为降低再生加热单元的能耗,有学者提出应用余热、废热、太阳能等多种低品位热源驱动再生[13-15],通过有效利用低品位能源,大大减少了系统能源消耗,但存在再生热源温度不稳定的问题。鉴于此,有学者对传统除湿材料改性并制备新型金属有机框架材料,发现其在增强除湿能力和降低再生温度方面具有明显优势[16-19]。此外,也有学者通过优化处理空气和再生空气的空气处理热力过程降低系统再生能耗,技术改进主要包括低温低湿回风回收利用[20-21]、多级转轮除湿机应用[22]及多分区转轮除湿机优化[23-25]等。降低显热冷却单元的能耗关键在于充分利用天然冷源、冷源梯度及提高人工冷源的性能系数[26-29]
考虑到上述方法皆是独立解决转轮除湿机的冷、热需求,有学者提出冷热双需求联合处理,创新设计能量回收单元[23,30],利用热交换器将转轮除湿机吸附热、再生排风热回收作为再生热源,但热交换器只是一种实现能量等量转移的装置,不能完全满足再生热量需求,而热泵装置则可以通过外部机械能转移热量的同时提升热量,故有学者进一步提出热泵驱动转轮除湿空调系统[31-32]。热泵驱动转轮除湿空调系统由热泵冷凝器提供转轮除湿机所需的再生热量,同时利用热泵蒸发器提供高温冷源,从而实现精确的送风温度控制并降低再生能耗,显示出明显的节能优势[33]。与普通转轮除湿空调系统相比, 㶲效率提高167%[34]
目前,为响应国家号召,在低碳节能、安全经济的前提下优化系统性能,中国企业在除湿材料的制备、部件的优化以及系统集成方面取得了显著进展。随着研究的深入,热泵驱动转轮除湿空调系统逐渐显示出多功能、广适用的优越性,其功能从基本的温湿度控制拓展到了空气净化、集水等,应用场所从民用建筑延伸到了工业建筑领域。然而,尽管研究取得了初步成果,热泵驱动转轮除湿空调系统在环境适应性、技术成熟度、经济性、智能调控等方面仍面临挑战,需要进一步的技术创新和市场推广。
热泵驱动转轮除湿空调系统类型如图1所示。按驱动转轮除湿机的热源种类,热泵驱动转轮除湿空调系统可分为热泵独立驱动和太阳能辅助热泵驱动转轮除湿空调系统。按转轮除湿机的级数,热泵独立驱动转轮除湿空调系统可分为单级和双级两大类。再生截面比与转轮除湿机再生温度密切相关[35],常用再生截面比有1∶3和1∶1两类。1∶3再生截面比的转轮除湿机再生面积小,需要用高温热源进行驱动,这类系统被称为高温再生型。1∶1再生截面比的转轮除湿机有更大的再生面积,可以用低温热源进行驱动,这类系统被称为低温再生型。太阳能辅助热泵驱动转轮除湿空调系统按照不同的太阳能集热方式,可分为太阳能热水型和太阳能空气型。
典型单级低温再生热泵独立驱动转轮除湿空调系统原理图如图2(a)所示。其中转轮除湿机分为处理侧和再生侧,处理空气通过转轮除湿机处理侧去除潜热负荷[36];再生空气通入转轮除湿机再生侧再生干燥剂[37]。室外新风、室内回风或新回风混合都可以是处理空气与再生空气的来源。其空气处理过程如图2(b)实线所示,经转轮除湿机除湿(A-B)的低湿空气由热泵蒸发器高蒸发温度降温(B-C)再送入空调房间。再生空气经热泵冷凝器升温后(A-E)送入转轮除湿机再生区再生干燥剂(E-F)。虚线为传统空调应用冷凝除湿的空气处理过程(A-H-C)。与传统空调相比,单级低温再生热泵独立驱动转轮除湿空调系统不需要再热,除湿驱动由热泵冷凝器完成。
双级低温再生热泵独立驱动转轮除湿空调系统降低热泵系统的冷凝温度,进一步提高热泵系统的能效比,典型系统原理图与空气处理过程如图3所示。处理侧:室外新风与室内回风在全热回收器中进行显热与潜热交换后降温减湿(A-B),然后送入转轮除湿机,受吸附热的影响[38-39],处理空气在除湿的同时有一定的温升(B-C),接着通入热泵蒸发器等湿降温(C-D),最后由二级转轮除湿(D-E)、热泵蒸发器降温(E-F)后送入空调房间。再生侧:热泵冷凝器释放冷凝热加热室外新风(A-J与A-M),送入转轮除湿机再生区再生干燥剂(J-K与M-P),最后排入大气。
热泵冷凝热使转轮除湿机再生,冷凝器通常设置在转轮除湿机再生空气进口,而蒸发器位置较为灵活。将蒸发器置于转轮除湿机除湿侧出口,控制送风温度,这类系统被称作后冷型。蒸发器也可用于预冷进入转轮除湿机除湿侧的空气,降低再生能耗并提高转轮除湿机的除湿效率,这类系统被称作预冷型[40-41]。蒸发器还可以两个或多个,分别设置在转轮除湿机除湿侧的进口和出口,用于预冷并控制送风温度,这类系统被称作双冷型。需要指出的是,作为处理空气冷却装置,蒸发器还可以与其他冷却设备(如表冷器、热交换器等)联合冷却。
应用最广泛的是1∶3分区的高温再生。在单级高温再生热泵独立驱动转轮除湿空调系统中,后冷型系统应用最广泛。Sheng等[42]对基于高温再生转轮的后冷型系统进行了实验研究,如图4所示。热泵蒸发器置于转轮除湿机处理侧后,回收冷却处理空气吸收的热量,将其转移至冷凝器放热用于加热再生空气。研究表明,系统性能系数(coefficient of performance,COP)和热泵COP皆为2.3。与传统蒸汽压缩系统相比,系统节能率达45.6%。
转轮除湿机的除湿机理为物理吸附,高温降低转轮除湿机的吸附能力。因此,基于高温再生转轮的后冷型系统因转轮除湿机的进口温度较高导致系统除湿能力普遍不高,系统除湿性能有待提高。Liu等[43]将热泵蒸发器放置在转轮除湿机处理侧前,对处理空气进行预冷,如图5所示。室外新风经热泵蒸发器预冷后通入转轮除湿机深度除湿,再送入空调房间。研究表明,该系统能耗仅为电加热转轮除湿空调系统的42.77%,热泵COP为3.12。
虽然单级高温再生热泵独立驱动转轮除湿空调预冷型系统提高了转轮除湿的除湿能力,但处理空气温度受吸附热影响为满足受控房间温度要求还需再处理,所以无论是将热泵蒸发器放置在转轮除湿机处理侧的前侧还是后侧,都存在一定的弊端。有学者将后冷与预冷结合。罗志文[44]在转轮处理侧前增加了全热回收装置,提出了双冷型系统。如图6所示。全热回收装置对新风进行预冷,热泵蒸发器经过转轮除湿的新风进行后冷。风冷热泵冷凝热提供转轮除湿机再生热量。研究表明,在北京夏季室外工况下,系统COP可达3.62。
考虑到转轮除湿机再生温度要求高,再生能耗大,一些学者采用1∶1分区的低温再生转轮除湿机。Chen等[45]提出了一种后冷型系统,如图7所示。研究表明,在室外温度为32 ℃,相对湿度为59%的全新风模式下,再生温度为45 ℃,热泵COP为4.6,系统耗电量2.41 kW。
宗天晴等[46]提出了基于低温再生转轮的预冷型系统,如图8所示。热泵蒸发器对室外新风预冷除湿后由转轮除湿机深度除湿送入空调房间,热泵冷凝器用于加热室外新风再生转轮除湿机。研究发现,58%的湿负荷由转轮除湿机承担,42%的湿负荷由热泵蒸发器承担。转轮除湿机平均除湿性能系数为1.3,机组平均总除湿量达10.4 g/kg,平均总除湿率达0.62。
Tian等[47]为解决湿热地区近零能耗住宅室内高湿问题,构建了带室外排热的双冷型系统,如图9所示。室外蒸发器对室外新风进行预冷除湿后送入转轮除湿机深度除湿,再与室内回风混合经室内蒸发器降温处理后送入空调房间。同时,热泵系统的热回收冷凝器加热室内回风再生转轮除湿机,室外冷凝器用于释放多余冷凝热。研究表明预冷蒸发器出口温度在14 ℃,可以保证96%以上的时间室内相对湿度低于70%,夏季79%以上时间和除湿季节30%的时间室内相对湿度低于60%。通过与传统空调系统的比较,在夏季和除湿季节的节能潜力分别达到9.4%和14.9%。
双冷型系统通过预冷装置降低了转轮除湿机的进口空气温度提高了转轮除湿机的除湿效率,同时通过后冷装置处理了吸附热带来的显热负荷,并具有精确控制送风温度的优点。
表1总结了单级热泵独立驱动转轮除湿空调系统的配置和性能比较。可以看出,单级热泵独立驱动转轮除湿空调系统能耗相对于传统转轮除湿空调系统显著下降;单级低温再生热泵独立驱动转轮除湿空调系统再生温度相对低于单级高温再生热泵独立驱动转轮除湿空调系统;转轮除湿机干燥剂材料的不同使得转轮除湿机的再生温度也有差异;处理空气与再生空气来源不同对系统各性能指标也会产生不同的影响。
双级热泵独立驱动转轮除湿空调系统需要两组冷凝器使两级转轮除湿机分别再生。在第一级转轮除湿机除湿侧进口设置预冷装置,第一级转轮除湿机除湿侧出口设置中间冷却(中冷)装置,第二级转轮除湿机的出口设置后冷装置。预冷、中冷和后冷的冷量可以全部由蒸发器承担,也可以结合热回收装置和水冷表冷器共同承担。
罗志文[44]提出了双热泵双转轮高温再生空调系统。如图10所示。全热回收装置对新风进行预冷,一级热泵蒸发器、表冷器对经过一级转轮除湿的新风进行中间冷却,二级热泵蒸发器对经过二级转轮除湿机的空气进行后冷却,两组热泵冷凝器提供转轮再生热量,系统COP可达4.74。
Tu等[62]研究了三蒸发三冷凝的热泵驱动低温再生转轮除湿空调系统,如图11所示。热泵蒸发器对处理空气进行预冷、中冷和后冷。研究表明,当送风环境湿度为10 g/kg时,系统COP可达5.5,热泵COP为6.0。将后冷蒸发器更换为间接蒸发冷却器后,系统COP比原系统提高了15%,可达6.3,热泵COP可达5.9。
表2总结了双级热泵独立驱动转轮除湿空调系统的配置和性能比较。可以看出,相对于单级热泵独立驱动转轮除湿空调系统,双级热泵独立驱动转轮除湿空调系统所需的再生热量虽然更高,但每级转轮所需的再生温度更低,在低品位能源的利用上更有优势。与热泵结合,有利于冷凝热的利用,也有利于提高热泵机组的运行效率。且双级热泵独立驱动转轮除湿空调系统除湿量更大,适用于工艺性空调,也可用于舒适性空调。
为降低热泵驱动转轮除湿空调系统能耗,有学者提出了太阳能辅助热泵驱动转轮除湿空调系统,当热泵冷凝器提供的再生热量不足以使转轮除湿机再生时,可以将太阳能等低品位热源作为辅助热源与热泵共同驱动转轮再生。该系统在降低能耗的同时也弥补了太阳能资源不稳定、对环境具有依赖性等缺点,具有广阔的应用前景[65-69]。按太阳能集热技术分为太阳能热水型和太阳能空气型。
Dai等[70]介绍了一种结合地热热泵的太阳能驱动两级转轮除湿空调系统,研究了该系统在某办公楼中夏季的运行特性,如图12所示。两组再生空气分别在空气-水换热器的作用下被加热到再生温度再生干燥材料,再生热量来自太阳能集热器提供的热水。结果表明,在上海市夏季典型天气条件下,可以获得1.1的平均热COP和12.5的平均电COP。Chen等[71]提出一种太阳能与水源热泵互补驱动转轮除湿机再生的空调系统。再生空气首先通过热管交换器与经转轮除湿机温升后的处理空气换热,然后再通入空气加热器,其中空气加热器的热水热量来自太阳能和水源热泵。与传统系统相比,运行成本降低了58.4%,投资回收期为6.6年,减排率最低为62.9%。Bozorgi等[72]提出了一种水-水热泵联合太阳能的转轮除湿空调系统。处理空气通过两级转轮除湿和热交换轮冷却,然后通过间接蒸发冷却器、冷却盘管进一步降温以调节房间温度,设置了光伏光热(photovoltaic/thermal,PV/T)太阳能集热器提供系统的备用热能。研究表明,该系统在多哈、温哥华、曼谷和多伦多的典型住宅中COP分别可达4.98、3.08、4.5和3.48。Wu等[73]提出了一种太阳能驱动的除湿转轮-地源热泵空调系统,处理空气受转轮除湿机吸附热影响温升后经热回收轮初步降温,接着由地源热泵提供冷量的空气冷却器冷却送入空调房间,再生热量来自太阳能和辅助加热器。结果表明,该系统平均COP为2.16,与仅依靠电加热再生的转轮除湿空调系统相比,COP高42.1%,节电43.7%。Liang等[74]集成了转轮除湿机、热泵、太阳能集热器和浅层地热能系统,提出了一种复合型空调系统,处理空气由浅层地热地下水系统及热泵蒸发器预冷,经转轮除湿机温升后再由浅层地热地下水系统后冷,太阳能产生的热水及热泵冷凝热用于提供再生热。研究表明,系统COP可达4.1,在夏季可节能7.7%~31.7%。
太阳能热水型一般与水源热泵或地源热泵驱动转轮除湿空调系统进行耦合,也可与空气源热泵驱动转轮除湿空调系统耦合。太阳能热水型将热水与再生空气进行热交换,再生热量不足时与热泵冷凝器进行互补,能解决太阳能单独驱动间歇性、受天气影响的不稳定性以及热泵单独驱动能耗高的问题。
Beccali等[75]研究了热泵联合PV/T驱动转轮除湿空调系统,提出热泵与热交换器共同冷却处理空气并联合太阳能加热再生空气,如图13所示。结果表明,与传统蒸汽压缩系统相比,系统的节能率在50%~90%内,且具有较低的投资成本。
与太阳能热水型不同,太阳能空气型一般与空气源热泵耦合驱动转轮除湿空调系统,系统再生空气先经过太阳能集热器,然后进入热泵冷凝器,太阳能集热器不需要二次转换,具有效率高和结构简单的优点,但不宜与蓄热装置结合,且再生风机能耗较大。
热泵驱动转轮除湿空调系统是蒸汽压缩制冷技术的良好替代方案之一。目前已经在降低再生温度、空气源选择、级数选择、可再生能源应用方面开展了大量研究工作,使该技术能够更加节能低碳。
在降低再生温度方面:不同材料的转轮除湿机所需有效再生温度不同,尽可能选择再生温度低和除湿效率高的除湿材料;合适的再生区域扇形角可以提高单位空气除湿量,降低转轮除湿机再生温度;多级转轮除湿可以降低每级转轮除湿机的再生温度;对处理空气进行预除湿都能有效降低再生温度。
在空气源选择方面:处理空气新风量的比例直接决定了转轮除湿机的再生空气源。将湿度更低的室内回风作为处理/再生空气,更有助于提高系统再生效率。实际应用中需结合应用场合与实际工况动态调节处理空气新风比例和再生空气源类型,以达到系统除湿能力和能效的平衡。
在级数选择方面:级数的选择主要基于受控房间的相对湿度需求,单级热泵独立驱动转轮除湿空调系统适用于湿度要求不高的受控房间,双级热泵独立驱动转轮除湿空调系统适用于低湿的受控房间,但同时需要考虑区域气候条件、房间负荷特性和运行成本,综合选择系统级数。
在可再生能源应用方面:适宜热源对系统COP与系统能耗起着重要作用。可再生能源与热泵结合能显著提高系统的能效比。电加热再生的转轮除湿空调系统COP<热泵独立驱动转轮除湿空调系统COP<太阳能辅助热泵驱动转轮除湿空调系统COP。
现有热泵驱动转轮除湿空调的研究对推动低碳节能的新型空调系统具有重要意义,为了提升系统性能,拓宽应用范围,在综述现有研究的基础上提出如下研究建议。
(1)以往的大多数研究主要聚焦于系统的组合方法以及配置的改进,缺乏不同气候区域、不同建筑负荷特性及不同温湿度要求情况进行节能优化研究。在未来工作中,可以以满足受控空间温湿度为导向,更好的应用室外气象条件和可再生能源,旨在提高低品位热源的利用率,优化热泵驱动转轮除湿空调系统中的冷、热、湿分配,从而更好地匹配建筑负荷特性。
(2)热泵驱动转轮除湿空调能应用于精度要求高的受控空间中,运行环境复杂多样,系统结构更加复杂,在此背景下需要对控制方法进行优化,优化方向可以考虑将冷凝热的输出与室内温湿度调节解耦,通过配置独立冷却设备、优化热泵运行、引入储能技术及多热源协同工作,实现室内温湿度的精确控制。
(3)转轮除湿技术已经较为成熟,但与转轮除湿机匹配的热泵技术是值得关注的方向。热泵驱动转轮除湿空调技术中热泵蒸发器可以不承担潜热负荷而冷凝器需要满足再生要求。传统热泵技术对于适应于热泵驱动转轮除湿空调高蒸发温度的冷热双供热泵技术的研究不够, 所以还需要对高蒸发温度的冷热双供热泵的制冷剂、热泵循环和换热技术等进行深入研究。
(4)热泵驱动两级及多级转轮除湿空调具有低再生温度的显著优点,但前人做出的研究并不多。因此,有必要对热泵驱动两级及多级转轮除湿空调的高效热力循环、运行参数优化、最优控制策略以及动态运行特性开展深入研究。
(5)在转轮除湿空调系统中,太阳能与热泵作为理想的再生热源,都适于驱动转轮除湿机再生。而在近零能耗建筑中往往采用太阳能驱动转轮除湿空调系统。在未来,可以考虑太阳能辅助热泵驱动转轮除湿空调系统在近零能耗建筑上的应用。
  • 国家自然科学基金(32301718)
  • 江苏省自然科学基金(BK2022204)
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2025年第25卷第15期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2406469
  • 接收时间:2024-08-28
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-05-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-28
  • 修回日期:2025-01-02
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国家自然科学基金(32301718)
江苏省自然科学基金(BK2022204)
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    1 西安科技大学能源学院, 西安 710054
    2 西安科技大学建筑与土木工程学院, 西安 710054
    3 广东申菱环境系统股份有限公司, 佛山 528313
    4 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所, 南京 210014
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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