Article(id=1149774728698753677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149774724923880044, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405061, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720195200000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-06, revisedDate=1739462400000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752057257103, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1745769600000, pubDateStr=2025-04-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752057257103, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752057257103, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752057257103, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149774724923880044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='12', pageStart='4827', pageEnd='5272', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752057256203, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768456746933, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1218559174552764785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149774724923880044, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1218559174552764786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1149774724923880044, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=5209, endPage=5217, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1149774729168515730, articleId=1149774728698753677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Dynamic Modeling and Simulation Analysis of Offshore Stable Corridor Bridge Based on Kane Method, columnId=1156262728772735295, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Traffics and Transportations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Due to the complexity and variability of the marine environment as well as the complexity of the dynamic characteristics of the offshore stabilized corridor bridge in a series-parallel hybrid configuration, the analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the offshore stabilized corridor bridge in the working process has always been a key point and a difficult point in the related research process. To address this problem, firstly, the projection matrix and Jacobi matrix of each component of the bridge were derived based on the vector method and Kane's method, as well as the dynamic equations under the generalized coordinate system, and the overall explicit dynamics model of the bridge was derived by using the Kane's method and the principle of virtual work. Secondly, a joint simulation model of MATLAB and Adams was constructed based on Simulink and the simulated motion of the vessel was simulated by the MSS toolbox to simulate the ship's motion as an excitation for analysis. Finally, theoretical calculations and simulation analysis were carried out under two working conditions, with and without personnel and cargo transfer, to verify the correctness of the established model. Further, the effects of loads of different masses on the driving force of the strut chain were investigated, and the compensating effect of the sea-stabilised corridor bridge was analysed. The research results are of guiding significance for the development of the sea-stabilised corridor bridge and its application on real ships.

, correspAuthors=Sheng-hai WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Kun-long FAN, Sheng-hai WANG, Jian-chao QIU, An-qi NIU, Wei-han QIU, Hai-quan CHEN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1149774773078684134, articleId=1149774728698753677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于凯恩方法的海上稳定廊桥动力学建模与仿真分析, columnId=1156262730664366426, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·交通运输, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

由于海洋环境复杂多变以及串并混联构型海上稳定廊桥动力学特性的复杂,海上稳定廊桥工作过程的动力学特性分析一直是相关研究过程中的重点和难点。针对这一问题,首先,基于矢量法和凯恩方法得出海上稳定廊桥各部件投影矩阵与Jacobi矩阵以及在广义坐标系下的动力学方程,运用凯恩方法和虚功原理得出海上稳定廊桥整体显式动力学模型;其次,基于Simulink搭建MATLAB与Adams联合仿真模型,并以MSS工具箱对船舶的模拟运动为激励进行分析。最后,在有、无人员货物转运两种工况下,进行理论计算与仿真分析,验证所建立模型的正确性。进一步,研究不同质量的负载对支链驱动力的影响,以及对海上稳定廊桥的补偿效果进行分析。研究成果对海上稳定廊桥的研制和实船应用具有一定指导意义。

, correspAuthors=王生海, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 王生海(1988—),男,土家族,湖北利川人,博士,副教授。研究方向:海上运动补偿技术、绳索驱动机器人技术。E-mail:
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范昆龙(2000—),男,汉族,河南商丘人,硕士研究生。研究方向:海上稳定廊桥技术。E-mail:

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范昆龙(2000—),男,汉族,河南商丘人,硕士研究生。研究方向:海上稳定廊桥技术。E-mail:

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范昆龙(2000—),男,汉族,河南商丘人,硕士研究生。研究方向:海上稳定廊桥技术。E-mail:

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orderNo=3, keyword=凯恩方法), Keyword(id=1179799891086820033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774728698753677, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=虚功原理), Keyword(id=1179799891153928898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774728698753677, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=联合仿真)], refs=[Reference(id=1179799894635201257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774728698753677, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=266, issue=null, pageStart=112999, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=Yin L, Qiao D, Li B, journalName=Ocean Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yin L, Qiao D, Li B, et al. 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lm为主臂质心到舷梯连接点距离;lmt为俯仰臂在主臂上的连接点到舷梯连接点距离;ls为次桥身质心到舷梯末端点距离;l为舷梯长度;lb为俯仰臂下连接点到舷梯连接点距离;ltc为俯仰臂驱动缸质心到下连接点距离;ltp为俯仰臂驱动杆质心与主桥身上的连接点距离;lt为俯仰臂长度;s为舷梯末端点在坐标系ot-xtytzt中坐标;δ为舷梯臂与水平基准线夹角;η为俯仰缸与转运平台侧边形成的夹角;λ为俯仰缸与水平基准线夹角;φ表示绕z轴的旋转

, figureFileSmall=0cuM3SSkPsfK0eAV9gXeuQ==, figureFileBig=69wUTPYVOcKvSAplhKaZyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179799891606913735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774728698753677, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Simplified schematic diagram of stable platform, figureFileSmall=M4fDsoSicVzszxebc0Qpww==, figureFileBig=4A0eccYvsW37xyNtgxHWuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179799891674022600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774728698753677, language=CN, label=图3, caption=稳定平台简化示意图

ui为上平台铰接点坐标;di为下平台铰接点坐标;cu为在ow-xwywzw坐标系中下平台质心向量

, figureFileSmall=M4fDsoSicVzszxebc0Qpww==, figureFileBig=4A0eccYvsW37xyNtgxHWuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179799891741131465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774728698753677, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=schematic diagram of driving branch chain, figureFileSmall=CBcP7LFkW7CJJO1L0MalEg==, figureFileBig=6SPI5/At0P9Hb8zJvnp4EA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179799891816628938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774728698753677, language=CN, label=图4, caption=驱动支链示意图

li为支链长度;lc为支链缸质心到下铰接点距离;lp为支链杆质心到上铰接点距离;ci为支链缸质心;Pi为支链杆质心;mc为支链缸质量;mp为支链杆质量;di为下铰接点;ui为上铰接点;g为重力加速度

, figureFileSmall=CBcP7LFkW7CJJO1L0MalEg==, figureFileBig=6SPI5/At0P9Hb8zJvnp4EA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179799891883737803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774728698753677, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Schematic diagram of transfer gangway, figureFileSmall=fANlx7D4kRLebawP143VsA==, figureFileBig=qNS9lAYC0sP5wh+MnGj5BQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179799891959235276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774728698753677, language=CN, label=图5, caption=转运舷梯示意图

mbmtcmtpm1m2mr分别为回转机构与转运平台、俯仰电动缸、俯仰电动杆、主桥身、次桥身、负载的质量;ρcρpρ1ρ2ρr分别为俯仰电动缸、俯仰电动杆、主桥身、次桥身、负载的质心距上平台质心的沿轴的距离

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vi(i=1,2,…,6)为每条支链速度ⓧMATLAB——Adams

, figureFileSmall=VK8Cn4oDjydkSi6bOYY9aw==, figureFileBig=MKvm9UxybqQJ0JMwHZoAsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179799892806484693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774728698753677, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Branch chain speed error diagram, figureFileSmall=gL9VC8BX71Srjj53KqKZGw==, figureFileBig=xAS3+FLlBMAkXE/6IJFELQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179799892894565078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774728698753677, language=CN, label=图10, caption=支链速度误差图

Δvi(i=1,2,…,6)为支链MATLAB计算数据与Adams仿真数据的误差

, figureFileSmall=gL9VC8BX71Srjj53KqKZGw==, figureFileBig=xAS3+FLlBMAkXE/6IJFELQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179799892961673943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774728698753677, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Comparison of driving forces when not transported, figureFileSmall=/bByypKUITdWUNvcPUgecA==, figureFileBig=n8Vjp3s+HldUTo084vDFag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179799893041365720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774728698753677, language=CN, label=图11, caption=未转运时驱动力对比

Fi(i=1,2,…,6)为支链驱动力

, figureFileSmall=/bByypKUITdWUNvcPUgecA==, figureFileBig=n8Vjp3s+HldUTo084vDFag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179799893146223321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774728698753677, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Comparison diagram of driving force during transit, figureFileSmall=tZw9wEV1r7aJ5z0dHCXfiw==, figureFileBig=XYvDka28t+rXpYos3yneDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179799893225915098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774728698753677, language=CN, label=图12, caption=转运时驱动力对比图

ΔFi(i=1,2,…,6)为支链驱动力MATLAB计算数据与Adams仿真数据误差

, figureFileSmall=tZw9wEV1r7aJ5z0dHCXfiw==, figureFileBig=XYvDka28t+rXpYos3yneDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179799893313995483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774728698753677, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Comparison chart of driving force error, figureFileSmall=KzLu+eiSldzR504nmVRXrA==, figureFileBig=1H1sFvfPak6GvIMbCvBWRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179799893435630300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774728698753677, language=CN, label=图13, caption=驱动力误差对比图, figureFileSmall=KzLu+eiSldzR504nmVRXrA==, figureFileBig=1H1sFvfPak6GvIMbCvBWRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179799893494350557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774728698753677, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Comparison of driving forces under different loads, figureFileSmall=RvkuKJaF4trXHOjamAQhCg==, figureFileBig=RT4M+mkVzNOONKnOy25fcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179799893548876510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774728698753677, language=CN, label=图14, caption=不同负载下驱动力对比图, figureFileSmall=RvkuKJaF4trXHOjamAQhCg==, figureFileBig=RT4M+mkVzNOONKnOy25fcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179799893624373983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774728698753677, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=Trajectory comparison diagram of transfer platform, figureFileSmall=0cHfpnvM/Y28rtk/Y2mALQ==, figureFileBig=5TzgB5yAoA6WdJ4sySi1cA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179799893687288544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774728698753677, language=CN, label=图15, caption=转运平台轨迹对比图, figureFileSmall=0cHfpnvM/Y28rtk/Y2mALQ==, figureFileBig=5TzgB5yAoA6WdJ4sySi1cA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179799893771174625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774728698753677, language=EN, label=Fig.16, caption=Comparison diagram of personnel movement trajectory, figureFileSmall=lllUXNSzVolZ695qqyBi2Q==, figureFileBig=SLLmZBd5rR9ce88Es3nT/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179799893905392354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774728698753677, language=CN, label=图16, caption=人员运动轨迹对比图, figureFileSmall=lllUXNSzVolZ695qqyBi2Q==, figureFileBig=SLLmZBd5rR9ce88Es3nT/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1179799894001861347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774728698753677, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Device parameters

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参数 数值
电动缸/kg 520.1
电动杆/kg 390.5
上平台/kg 550.1
下平台/kg 607.8
回转机构/kg 831.9
转运平台/kg 849.5
主桥身/kg 1 320.1
次桥身/kg 1 252.3
), ArticleFig(id=1179799894085747428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1149774728698753677, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

设备参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数 数值
电动缸/kg 520.1
电动杆/kg 390.5
上平台/kg 550.1
下平台/kg 607.8
回转机构/kg 831.9
转运平台/kg 849.5
主桥身/kg 1 320.1
次桥身/kg 1 252.3
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基于凯恩方法的海上稳定廊桥动力学建模与仿真分析
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范昆龙 1 , 王生海 1, * , 邱建超 2 , 牛安琪 1 , 仇伟晗 1 , 陈海泉 1
科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025,25(12): 5209-5217
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科学技术与工程 | 论文·交通运输 2025, 25(12): 5209-5217
基于凯恩方法的海上稳定廊桥动力学建模与仿真分析
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范昆龙1 , 王生海1, * , 邱建超2, 牛安琪1, 仇伟晗1, 陈海泉1
作者信息
  • 1 大连海事大学轮机工程学院, 大连 116026
  • 2 中国船舶集团有限公司第七〇三研究所无锡分部, 无锡 214151
  • 范昆龙(2000—),男,汉族,河南商丘人,硕士研究生。研究方向:海上稳定廊桥技术。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 王生海(1988—),男,土家族,湖北利川人,博士,副教授。研究方向:海上运动补偿技术、绳索驱动机器人技术。E-mail:
Dynamic Modeling and Simulation Analysis of Offshore Stable Corridor Bridge Based on Kane Method
Kun-long FAN1 , Sheng-hai WANG1, * , Jian-chao QIU2, An-qi NIU1, Wei-han QIU1, Hai-quan CHEN1
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
  • 2 Wuxi Division of No.703 Research Institute of CSSC, Wuxi 214151, China
出版时间: 2025-04-28 doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405061
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由于海洋环境复杂多变以及串并混联构型海上稳定廊桥动力学特性的复杂,海上稳定廊桥工作过程的动力学特性分析一直是相关研究过程中的重点和难点。针对这一问题,首先,基于矢量法和凯恩方法得出海上稳定廊桥各部件投影矩阵与Jacobi矩阵以及在广义坐标系下的动力学方程,运用凯恩方法和虚功原理得出海上稳定廊桥整体显式动力学模型;其次,基于Simulink搭建MATLAB与Adams联合仿真模型,并以MSS工具箱对船舶的模拟运动为激励进行分析。最后,在有、无人员货物转运两种工况下,进行理论计算与仿真分析,验证所建立模型的正确性。进一步,研究不同质量的负载对支链驱动力的影响,以及对海上稳定廊桥的补偿效果进行分析。研究成果对海上稳定廊桥的研制和实船应用具有一定指导意义。

海上稳定廊桥  /  动力学模型  /  凯恩方法  /  虚功原理  /  联合仿真

Due to the complexity and variability of the marine environment as well as the complexity of the dynamic characteristics of the offshore stabilized corridor bridge in a series-parallel hybrid configuration, the analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the offshore stabilized corridor bridge in the working process has always been a key point and a difficult point in the related research process. To address this problem, firstly, the projection matrix and Jacobi matrix of each component of the bridge were derived based on the vector method and Kane's method, as well as the dynamic equations under the generalized coordinate system, and the overall explicit dynamics model of the bridge was derived by using the Kane's method and the principle of virtual work. Secondly, a joint simulation model of MATLAB and Adams was constructed based on Simulink and the simulated motion of the vessel was simulated by the MSS toolbox to simulate the ship's motion as an excitation for analysis. Finally, theoretical calculations and simulation analysis were carried out under two working conditions, with and without personnel and cargo transfer, to verify the correctness of the established model. Further, the effects of loads of different masses on the driving force of the strut chain were investigated, and the compensating effect of the sea-stabilised corridor bridge was analysed. The research results are of guiding significance for the development of the sea-stabilised corridor bridge and its application on real ships.

offshore stabilization of corridor bridges  /  dynamical modeling  /  Kane's method  /  principle of virtual work  /  co-simulation
范昆龙, 王生海, 邱建超, 牛安琪, 仇伟晗, 陈海泉. 基于凯恩方法的海上稳定廊桥动力学建模与仿真分析. 科学技术与工程, 2025 , 25 (12) : 5209 -5217 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405061
Kun-long FAN, Sheng-hai WANG, Jian-chao QIU, An-qi NIU, Wei-han QIU, Hai-quan CHEN. Dynamic Modeling and Simulation Analysis of Offshore Stable Corridor Bridge Based on Kane Method[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025 , 25 (12) : 5209 -5217 . DOI: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405061
由于风、浪、流等载荷引起的船舶六自由度运动,使得船上人员和货物转运困难且危险,因此海上转运作业一直是海工领域所关注的重点问题[1]。在海上转运的设备中,以吊篮、直升机、海上稳定廊桥为主,但是因海上工况的影响,除海上稳定廊桥以外的其他方式对施工环境有着更高的要求。海上稳定廊桥以其在不同海况下有着优秀的工作能力而被海工领域学者广泛研究。海上稳定廊桥由下部稳定平台与上部转运舷梯组成,由于海洋环境复杂多变和海上稳定廊桥机构动力学特性的复杂,其动力学一直是研究过程中的重点以及难点[2-3]
在对海上稳定廊桥分析中,常用的方法有:拉格朗日法[4-5]、虚功原理[6-9]、牛顿-欧拉法[10-11]、凯恩方法[12-13]等。王安琪[14]通过拉格朗日动力学建立稳定平台动力学模型,通过牛顿-欧拉法建立串联舷梯动力学模型,但是对于所建立的模型而言计算较为复杂。邱建超等[15]运用虚功原理与牛顿欧拉法建立3-UPU /UP-RRP串并混联海上稳定廊桥动力学建模,其中并联平台采用3支链模型,虚功原理结合超定方程计算得出各支链驱动力,解决了方程个数大于未知数的问题。王力航等[16]通过凯恩方法建立了适用于非惯性系下3UPS/S并联稳定平台的动力学模型,由非惯性系3自由度运动扩展为惯性系下的9自由度运动。
基于此,首先利用矢量法和凯恩方法对海上稳定廊桥进行分析,得出海上稳定廊桥各部件投影矩阵与Jacobi矩阵,以及各部件投影至广义坐标系下动力学方程,运用凯恩方法结合虚功原理最终得出海上稳定廊桥显式动力学模型;其次,在Simulink环境中搭建MATLAB与Adams联合仿真模型,并以MSS(marine systems simulator)工具箱对船舶的模拟运动为激励,在有、无人员货物转运两种工况下,进行联合仿真分析,验证所建立模型的正确性;最后,研究不同质量的负载在转运过程中对稳定平台中各支链驱动力的影响,以及对海上稳定廊桥补偿效果进行分析。以期对海上稳定廊桥的研制和实船应用起到一定指导意义。
所研究的海上稳定廊桥采用六支链Stewart平台作为稳定平台对船舶运动进行补偿,串联舷梯中的转运平台通过回转装置与稳定平台相连。
为了使海上稳定廊桥的运动清晰的表示,建立图1所示的坐标系,定义ow-xwywzw为全局坐标系;定义os-xsyszs为船固联坐标系,其中,ys轴指向船尾方向,zs轴垂直向下,xs轴方向根据右手定则可知;取下平台中心建立坐标系od-xdydzd,并与os-xsyszs平行;取上平台中心建立坐标系ou-xuyuzu,并与od-xdydzd平行,zu轴与zd轴共线并垂直向下;取转运舷梯主臂末端中心点为原点建立坐标系ot-xtytzt,并与od-xdydzd平行,zt轴与zu轴共线并垂直向下。因为稳定平台下平台与船体固联,因此在对于海上稳定廊桥位姿分析过程中,船舶因风、浪、流等载荷影响而产生的运动可转换为下平台的运动,下平台运动设为 q w d= [ p w d θ w d ] T,其中, p w d=[ x w d y w d z w d]T为下平台在全局坐标系下的平移运动, θ w d= [ α w d β w d γ w d ] T为下平台在全局坐标系下的旋转运动。
在分析中将转运舷梯简化为图2所示的示意图。
当对人员或货物进行转运时,舷梯末端点在全局坐标系中保持不变。舷梯末端在上平台坐标系中可表示为
st=so- p w u
式(1)中:so为舷梯末端在坐标系ot-xtytzt中初始坐标; p w u为上平台在全局坐标系下的平移运动。
由几何知识可以分别对ltδη求解,则有
δ=arctan s t z s t y
式(2)中: s t z为舷梯末端在上平台坐标系z轴方向坐标; s t y为舷梯末端在上平台坐标系y轴方向坐标。
lt= l b 2 + l m t 2 - 2 l b l m t c o s ( δ + σ )
式(3)中:σ为转运平台侧边与水平基线的夹角。
η=arccos l b 2 + l t 2 - l m t 2 2 l b l t
在分析中将稳定平台简化为图3所示的稳定平台简化示意图。
欧拉角和旋转矩阵之间的关系可表示为[5]
R=RxRyRz
式(5)中:Rx为绕x轴旋转的旋转矩阵;Ry为绕y轴旋转的旋转矩阵;Rz为绕z轴旋转的旋转矩阵。
上平台运动在坐标系od-xdydzd中可表示为 q d u= [ p d u θ d u ] T,其中, p d u=Rd( p w u- p w d),表示上平台在下平台坐标系下平移运动; θ d u= θ w u- θ w d,表示上平台在下平台坐标系下旋转运动。因此稳定平台广义运动q= [ ( q d u ) T ( q w d ) T ] T,也可写作q= [ q T u q T d ] T,由稳定平台中上平台在下平台坐标系下平移运动与下平台在全局坐标系下平移运动表示。
下平台在ow-xwywzw坐标系中角速度可表示为
$\boldsymbol{\omega}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}}=\boldsymbol{E}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}} \dot{\boldsymbol{\theta}}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}}$
式(6)中:欧拉角速度转换矩阵为E= c β c λ - s λ 0 c β s λ c λ 0 - s β 0 1,其中,c=cos;s=sin; θ w d为下平台在全局坐标系下的旋转角度。
同理,可以分别得出上平台在下平台坐标系下的旋转角速度 ω d u;上平台在全局坐标系下的旋转角速度 ω w u
上平台在ow-xwywzw坐标系中角速度也可表示为
$\boldsymbol{\omega}_{\mathrm{u}}^{\mathrm{w}}=\boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}} \boldsymbol{\omega}_{\mathrm{u}}^{\mathrm{d}}+\boldsymbol{\omega}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}} $
下平台铰接点在全局坐标系ow-xwywzw中可表示为
$\boldsymbol{d}_{i}^{\mathrm{w}}=\boldsymbol{c}_{\mathrm{d}}+\boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}} \boldsymbol{d}_{i}^{\mathrm{d}}$
式(8)中:cd为全局坐标系中下平台质心向量; d d i为下平台铰接点在下平台坐标系下的坐标。
同理,上平台铰接点和质心ou在全局坐标系ow-xwywzw、上平台铰接点在od-xdydzd坐标系中可表示为
$\boldsymbol{u}_{i}^{\mathrm{w}}=\boldsymbol{c}_{\mathrm{d}}+\boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}} \boldsymbol{c}_{\mathrm{u}}+\boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}} \boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{u}}^{\mathrm{d}} \boldsymbol{u}_{i}^{\mathrm{u}}$
式(9)中: R d u为上平台相对下平台的旋转矩阵; u u i为上平台铰接点在上平台坐标系下的坐标。
$\boldsymbol{u}_{\mathrm{p}}^{\mathrm{w}}=\boldsymbol{c}_{\mathrm{d}}+\boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}} \boldsymbol{c}_{\mathrm{u}}+\boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}} \boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{u}}^{\mathrm{d}} \boldsymbol{u}_{\mathrm{p}}^{\mathrm{u}}$
式(10)中: u u p上平台质心在上平台坐标系下的坐标。
$\boldsymbol{u}_{i}^{\mathrm{d}}=\boldsymbol{c}_{\mathrm{u}}+\boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{u}}^{\mathrm{d}} \boldsymbol{u}_{i}^{\mathrm{u}}$
式(11)中:cu为下平台坐标系中上平台质心向量; u d i为上平台铰接点在下平台坐标系下的坐标。
对式(8)求导可得下平台铰接点在全局坐标系ow-xwywzw下的速度,即
$\boldsymbol{v}_{\mathrm{d} i}^{\mathrm{w}}=\dot{\boldsymbol{c}}_{\mathrm{d}}+\boldsymbol{\omega}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}} \boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}} \boldsymbol{d}_{i}^{\mathrm{d}}=\boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{d} i} \dot{\boldsymbol{q}}$
式(12)中:Jdi=[ 0 0 I - S ( R w d d d i )]JE,其中,JE= I 3 × 3 E d u I 3 × 3 E w d; S(a)= 0 - a 3 a 2 a 3 0 a 1 - a 2 a 1 0; I为单位矩阵; E d u为上平台相对下平台欧拉角速度转换矩阵; E w d为下平台相对全局坐标系欧拉角速度转换矩阵。
对式(9)求导可得上平台铰接点在全局坐标系下的速度,即
$\begin{aligned} \boldsymbol{v}_{\mathrm{u} i}^{\mathrm{w}}= & \dot{\boldsymbol{c}}_{\mathrm{d}}+\boldsymbol{\omega}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}} \times \boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}} \boldsymbol{c}_{\mathrm{u}}+\boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}} \dot{\boldsymbol{c}}_{\mathrm{u}}+ \\ & \boldsymbol{\omega}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}} \times \boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}} \boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{u}}^{\mathrm{d}} \boldsymbol{u}_{i}^{\mathrm{u}}+\boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}} \boldsymbol{\omega}_{\mathrm{u}}^{\mathrm{d}} \times \boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{u}}^{\mathrm{d}} \boldsymbol{u}_{i}^{\mathrm{u}} \\ = & \boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{u} i} \dot{\boldsymbol{q}} \end{aligned}$
式(13)中:
$\begin{array}{l} \boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{u} i}= {\left[\begin{array}{llll} \boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{u}}^{\mathrm{d}} & -\boldsymbol{S}\left(\boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{u}}^{\mathrm{d}} \boldsymbol{u}_{i}^{\mathrm{u}}\right) \boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}} & \boldsymbol{I} & -\boldsymbol{S}\left(\boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}} \boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{u}}^{\mathrm{d}} \boldsymbol{u}_{i}^{\mathrm{u}}\right)-\boldsymbol{S}\left(\boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}} \boldsymbol{c}_{\mathrm{u}}\right) \end{array}\right] \boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{E}}} \end{array}$
对式(10)求导可得上平台质心在全局坐标系ow-xwywzw下的速度,即
$\begin{aligned} \boldsymbol{v}_{\mathrm{up}}^{\mathrm{w}}= & \dot{\boldsymbol{c}}_{\mathrm{d}}+\boldsymbol{\omega}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}} \times \boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}} \boldsymbol{c}_{\mathrm{u}}+\boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}} \dot{\boldsymbol{c}}_{\mathrm{u}}+ \\ & \boldsymbol{\omega}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}} \times \boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}} \boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{u}}^{\mathrm{d}} \boldsymbol{u}_{\mathrm{p}}^{\mathrm{u}}+\boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}} \boldsymbol{\omega}_{\mathrm{u}}^{\mathrm{d}} \times \boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{u}}^{\mathrm{d}} \boldsymbol{u}_{\mathrm{p}}^{\mathrm{u}} \\ = & \boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{p}} \dot{q} \end{aligned}$
式(14)中:Jp为上平台质心在全局坐标系下的雅可比矩阵,
$\begin{aligned} \boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{p}}= & {\left[\begin{array}{llll} \boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}} & -\boldsymbol{S}\left(\boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{u}}^{\mathrm{d}} \boldsymbol{u}_{\mathrm{p}}^{\mathrm{u}}\right) \boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}} & \boldsymbol{I} & -\boldsymbol{S}\left(\boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}} \boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{u}}^{\mathrm{d}} \boldsymbol{u}_{\mathrm{p}}^{\mathrm{u}}\right)- \end{array}\right.} \\ & \left.\boldsymbol{S}\left(\boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}} \boldsymbol{c}_{\mathrm{u}}\right)\right] \boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{E} } \end{aligned}$
ω w u用广义坐标可表示为
$\left\{\begin{array}{l} \boldsymbol{\omega}_{\mathrm{u}}^{\mathrm{w}}=\boldsymbol{J}_{\omega}^{1} \dot{\boldsymbol{q}} \\ \boldsymbol{\omega}_{\mathrm{u}}^{\mathrm{w}}=\boldsymbol{J}_{\omega}^{2} \dot{\boldsymbol{q}} \end{array}\right.$
式(15)中: $\begin{array}{l} \boldsymbol{J}_{\omega}^{1}=\boldsymbol{E}_{\mathrm{u}}^{\mathrm{w}}\left[\begin{array}{lllll} \mathbf{0}_{3 \times 3} & \boldsymbol{I}_{3 \times 3} & \mathbf{0}_{3 \times 3} & \boldsymbol{I}_{3 \times 3} \end{array}\right] ; \boldsymbol{J}_{\omega}^{2}= \\ {\left[\begin{array}{lllll} \mathbf{0}_{3 \times 3} & \boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}} & \mathbf{0}_{3 \times 3} & \boldsymbol{I}_{3 \times 3} \end{array}\right] \boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{E} }} \end{array}$
建立支链(图4)坐标系,结合式(8)、式(9)、式(11),得出ow-xwywzwod-xdydzd坐标系下支链长度矢量和支链长度分别为
$\boldsymbol{L}_{i}^{\mathrm{w}}=\boldsymbol{u}_{i}^{\mathrm{w}}-\boldsymbol{d}_{i}^{\mathrm{w}}$
$\boldsymbol{L}_{i}^{\mathrm{d}}=\boldsymbol{u}_{i}^{\mathrm{d}}-\boldsymbol{d}_{i}^{\mathrm{d}}$
$l_{i}=\left|\boldsymbol{L}_{i}^{\mathrm{d}}\right|$
支链在od-xdydzd坐标系下的单位向量,以及在ow-xwywzw下的单位向量导数分别为
$\boldsymbol{e}_{i}^{\mathrm{d}}=\frac{\boldsymbol{L}_{i}^{\mathrm{d}}}{\left|\boldsymbol{L}_{i}^{\mathrm{d}}\right|}$
$\dot{\boldsymbol{e}}_{i}^{\mathrm{w}}=\frac{\boldsymbol{P}_{i}}{l_{i}} \dot{\boldsymbol{L}}_{i}^{\mathrm{w}}$
式(20)中:Pi为投影矩阵,且$\boldsymbol{P}_{i}=\boldsymbol{I}-\boldsymbol{e}_{i}^{\mathrm{w}}\left(\boldsymbol{e}_{i}^{\mathrm{w}}\right)^{\mathrm{T}}$
为使计算简洁,在下平台坐标系下计算支链长度,计算公式为
$\begin{aligned} l_{i} & =\left(\boldsymbol{e}_{i}^{\mathrm{d}}\right)^{\mathrm{T}} \dot{\boldsymbol{u}}_{i}^{\mathrm{d}} \\ & =\left(\boldsymbol{e}_{i}^{\mathrm{d}}\right)^{\mathrm{T}}\left(\dot{\boldsymbol{c}}_{\mathrm{u}}+\boldsymbol{\omega}_{\mathrm{u}}^{\mathrm{d}} \boldsymbol{R}_{\mathrm{u}}^{\mathrm{d}} \boldsymbol{u}_{i}^{\mathrm{u}}\right) \\ & =\boldsymbol{J}(i,:) \dot{\boldsymbol{q}}_{\mathrm{u}} \end{aligned}$
式(21)中:
J(i,:)=[ ( e d i ) T - ( e d i ) T S ( R d u u u i )]JEu,i=1,2,…,6。
在对支链运动进行分析时,以上、下平台铰接点在全局坐标系中速度为基准进行计算,即
$\begin{aligned} \boldsymbol{v}_{\mathrm{ud} i} & =\left[\begin{array}{c} \boldsymbol{v}_{\mathrm{u}}^{\mathrm{w}} \\ \boldsymbol{v}_{\mathrm{d}}^{\mathrm{w}} \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{c} \boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{u} i} \\ \boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{d} i} \end{array}\right] \dot{\boldsymbol{q}} \\ & =\boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{ud} i} \dot{\boldsymbol{q}} \end{aligned}$
在支链中,驱动杠与驱动缸以相同的角速度运动,因此角速度的计算公式为
$\begin{aligned} \boldsymbol{\omega}_{i}^{\mathrm{w}} & =\boldsymbol{e}_{i}^{\mathrm{w}} \frac{\dot{\boldsymbol{L}}_{i}^{\mathrm{w}}}{l_{i}} \\ & =\frac{1}{l_{i}} \boldsymbol{S}\left(\boldsymbol{e}_{i}^{\mathrm{w}}\right) \boldsymbol{J}_{l} \boldsymbol{v}_{\mathrm{ud} i} \\ & =\boldsymbol{J}_{\omega l i} \boldsymbol{v}_{\mathrm{ud} i} \end{aligned}$
式(23)中:Jl=[ I 3 × 3 - I 3 × 3];Jωli为上、下平台铰接点角速度在全局坐标系下的雅可比矩阵。
联立式(13)、式(14)、式(22)、式(23)可以得出支链驱动杆质心、支链驱动缸质心在全局坐标系下速度为
$\begin{aligned} \boldsymbol{v}_{\mathrm{lp} i}^{\mathrm{w}} & =\boldsymbol{v}_{\mathrm{u} i}^{\mathrm{w}}-\boldsymbol{\omega}_{i}^{\mathrm{w}}\left(l_{\mathrm{p}} \boldsymbol{e}_{i}^{\mathrm{w}}\right) \\ & =\boldsymbol{v}_{\mathrm{u} i}^{\mathrm{w}}-\frac{l_{\mathrm{p}}}{l_{i}} \boldsymbol{P}_{i}\left(\boldsymbol{v}_{\mathrm{u} i}^{\mathrm{w}}-\boldsymbol{v}_{\mathrm{d} i}^{\mathrm{w}}\right) \\ & =\boldsymbol{J}_{l \mathrm{p} i} \boldsymbol{v}_{\mathrm{ud} i} \end{aligned}$
$\begin{aligned} \boldsymbol{v}_{l c i}^{\mathrm{w}} & =\boldsymbol{v}_{\mathrm{d} i}^{\mathrm{w}}+\boldsymbol{\omega}_{i}^{\mathrm{w}}\left(l_{\mathrm{c}} \boldsymbol{e}_{i}\right) \\ & =\boldsymbol{v}_{\mathrm{d} i}^{\mathrm{w}}+\frac{l_{\mathrm{c}}}{l_{i}} \boldsymbol{P}_{i}\left(\boldsymbol{v}_{\mathrm{u} i}^{\mathrm{w}}-\boldsymbol{v}_{\mathrm{d} i}^{\mathrm{w}}\right) \\ & =\boldsymbol{J}_{l c i} v_{\mathrm{ud} i} \end{aligned}$
式中: $\boldsymbol{J}_{l \mathrm{p} i}=\left[\begin{array}{ll} \boldsymbol{I}-\frac{l_{\mathrm{p}}}{l_{i}} \boldsymbol{P}_{i} & \frac{l_{\mathrm{p}}}{l_{i}} \boldsymbol{P}_{i} \end{array}\right]$;
$\boldsymbol{J}_{l c i}=\left[\begin{array}{cc} \frac{l_{\mathrm{c}}}{l_{i}} \boldsymbol{P}_{i} & \boldsymbol{I}-\frac{l_{\mathrm{c}}}{l_{i}} \boldsymbol{P}_{i} \end{array}\right]$
对转运舷梯物理性质进行分析,建立图5所示的示意图。
转运舷梯对稳定平台中上平台所产生的力与力矩可分别表示为
$\boldsymbol{F}=\left(M_{\mathrm{s}}+m_{\mathrm{b}}\right) \boldsymbol{g}$
$\boldsymbol{T}=\left[\begin{array}{lll} M_{\mathrm{s}} \boldsymbol{g} l_{\mathrm{s}} \cos \varphi & M_{\mathrm{s}} \boldsymbol{g} l_{\mathrm{s}} \sin \varphi & 0 \end{array}\right]^{\mathrm{T}}$
式中:Ms=mtc+mtp+m1+m2+mr;ls= m t c ρ c + m t p ρ p + m 1 ρ 1 + m 2 ρ 2 + m r ρ r M s为等效质心相对z轴的距离;g为重力加速度。
基于前述运动学模型并结合转运舷梯动力学,采用凯恩方法及虚功原理进行动力学建模。首先,通过凯恩方法投影矩阵将力与力矩投影到广义坐标上,利用虚功原理建立总体动力学模型并进行整合,从而建立完整动力学模型。
首先,对上平台进行分析,上平台惯性力、力矩可表示为
$\boldsymbol{F}_{\mathrm{u}}=\boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{pu}}^{\mathrm{T}}\left(\boldsymbol{F}+m_{\mathrm{u}} \boldsymbol{g}-m_{\mathrm{u}} \dot{\boldsymbol{v}}_{\mathrm{p}}\right) $
$\boldsymbol{T}_{\mathrm{u}}=\left(\boldsymbol{J}_{\omega \mathrm{u}}^{2}\right)^{\mathrm{T}}\left[\boldsymbol{T}-\boldsymbol{I}_{\mathrm{u}}^{\mathrm{w}} \dot{\boldsymbol{\omega}}_{\mathrm{u}}^{\mathrm{w}}-\boldsymbol{\omega}_{\mathrm{u}}^{\mathrm{w}}\left(\boldsymbol{I}_{\mathrm{u}}^{\mathrm{w}} \boldsymbol{\omega}_{\mathrm{u}}^{\mathrm{w}}\right)\right]$
式中:Jpu为上平台投影矩阵;Jp=[ J p u J p d]; I w u= R w d R d uIu ( R w d R d u ) T
对于每个支链驱动缸而言,其惯性力可表示为
$\boldsymbol{F}_{c i}=\boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{udiu}}^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{J}_{l c i}^{\mathrm{T}}\left(m_{\mathrm{c}} \boldsymbol{g}-m_{\mathrm{c}} \dot{\boldsymbol{v}}_{l c i}^{\mathrm{w}}\right)$
对于每个支链驱动杆而言,其惯性力可表示为
$\boldsymbol{F}_{i}=J_{\text {udiu }}^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{J}_{l p i}^{\mathrm{T}}\left(m_{\mathrm{p}} \boldsymbol{g}-m_{\mathrm{p}} \dot{\boldsymbol{v}}_{l p i}^{\mathrm{w}}\right)$
对于每个支链驱动缸与杆其惯性力矩可表示为
$\boldsymbol{T}_{i}=-\boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{udiu}}^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{J}_{\omega l i}^{\mathrm{T}}\left[\boldsymbol{I}_{\mathrm{pc}}^{\mathrm{w}} \dot{\boldsymbol{\omega}}_{i}^{\mathrm{w}}+\boldsymbol{\omega}_{i}^{\mathrm{w}}\left(\boldsymbol{I}_{\mathrm{pc}}^{\mathrm{w}} \boldsymbol{\omega}_{i}^{\mathrm{w}}\right)\right]$
式(32)中: I w p c=RωiIpc R T ω i,其中Ipc为支链驱动杆与驱动缸转动惯量之和;Rωi=[ e w ir e w i( e w ir) e w i],其中r= [ 0 0 1 ] T
联立式(28)~式(32),结合虚功原理并进行整合,最终得出动力学方程为
$\boldsymbol{J}^{-\mathrm{T}}\left(\boldsymbol{M}_{\mathrm{u}} \ddot{\boldsymbol{q}}_{\mathrm{u}}+\boldsymbol{C}_{\mathrm{u}} \dot{\boldsymbol{q}}_{\mathrm{u}}+\boldsymbol{G}+\boldsymbol{M}_{\mathrm{d}} \ddot{\boldsymbol{q}}_{\mathrm{d}}+\boldsymbol{C}_{\mathrm{d}} \dot{\boldsymbol{q}}_{\mathrm{d}}\right)=\boldsymbol{\tau}+\Delta \tau$
式(33)中:MuMd为惯性力项;CuCd为科氏力项;τ为驱动力;Δτ为扰动力;
$\begin{aligned} \boldsymbol{M}_{\mathrm{u}}= & \boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{pu}}^{\mathrm{T}} m_{\mathrm{u}} \boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{pu}}+\left(\boldsymbol{J}_{\omega \mathrm{u}}^{2}\right)^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{I}_{\mathrm{u}} \boldsymbol{J}_{\omega \mathrm{u}}^{1}+ \\ & \sum_{i=1}^{6} \boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{udiu}}^{\mathrm{T}}\left(m_{\mathrm{p}} \boldsymbol{J}_{l \mathrm{p} i}^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{J}_{l \mathrm{p} i}+m_{\mathrm{c}} \boldsymbol{J}_{l c i}^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{J}_{l c i}+\boldsymbol{J}_{\omega l i}^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{I}_{\mathrm{pc} i}^{\mathrm{w}} \boldsymbol{J}_{\omega l i}\right) \boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{udiu}} ; \end{aligned}$
$\begin{aligned} \boldsymbol{C}_{\mathrm{u}}= & \boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{pu}}^{\mathrm{T}} m_{\mathrm{u}} \dot{\boldsymbol{J}}_{\mathrm{pu}}+\left(\boldsymbol{J}_{\omega \mathrm{u}}^{2}\right)^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{I}_{\mathrm{u}} \dot{\boldsymbol{J}}_{\omega \mathrm{u}}^{1}+\left(\boldsymbol{J}_{\omega \mathrm{u}}^{2}\right)^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{S}\left(\boldsymbol{\omega}_{\mathrm{u}}^{\mathrm{w}}\right) \boldsymbol{I}_{\mathrm{u}} \boldsymbol{J}_{\omega \mathrm{u}}^{1}+ \\ & \sum_{i=1}^{6}\left\{\boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{udiu}}^{\mathrm{T}}\left(m_{\mathrm{p}} \boldsymbol{J}_{l \mathrm{p} i}^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{J}_{l \mathrm{p} i}+m_{\mathrm{c}} \boldsymbol{J}_{l c i}^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{J}_{l c i}+\boldsymbol{J}_{\omega l i}^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{I}_{\mathrm{pc} i}^{\mathrm{w}} \boldsymbol{J}_{\omega l i}\right) \dot{\boldsymbol{J}}_{\mathrm{udiu}}+\right. \\ & \boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{udiu}}^{\mathrm{T}}\left[m_{\mathrm{p}} \boldsymbol{J}_{l \mathrm{p} i}^{\mathrm{T}} \dot{\boldsymbol{J}}_{l \mathrm{p} i}+m_{\mathrm{c}} \boldsymbol{J}_{l c i}^{\mathrm{T}} \dot{\boldsymbol{J}}_{l c i}+\boldsymbol{J}_{\omega l i}^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{I}_{\mathrm{pc} i}^{\mathrm{w}} \dot{\boldsymbol{J}}_{\omega l i}+\right. \\ & \left.\left.\boldsymbol{J}_{\omega l i}^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{S}\left(\boldsymbol{\omega}_{i}^{\mathrm{w}}\right) \boldsymbol{I}_{\mathrm{pc} i}^{\mathrm{w}} \boldsymbol{J}_{\omega l i}\right] \boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{udiu}}\right\} ; \end{aligned}$
$\begin{aligned} \boldsymbol{G}= & -\boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{pu}}^{\mathrm{T}} m_{\mathrm{u}} \boldsymbol{g}-\boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{pu}}^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{F}-\left(\boldsymbol{J}_{\omega \mathrm{u}}^{2}\right)^{\mathrm{T}} T- \\ & \sum_{i=1}^{6} \boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{u} d \mathrm{u}}^{\mathrm{T}}\left(\boldsymbol{J}_{l \mathrm{p} i}^{\mathrm{T}} m_{\mathrm{p}}+\boldsymbol{J}_{l c i}^{\mathrm{T}} m_{\mathrm{c}}\right) \boldsymbol{g} ; \\ \boldsymbol{M}_{\mathrm{d}}= & \boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{pu}}^{\mathrm{T}} m_{\mathrm{u}} \boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{pd}}+\left(\boldsymbol{J}_{\omega \mathrm{u}}^{2}\right)^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{I}_{\mathrm{u}} \boldsymbol{J}_{\omega \mathrm{d}}^{1}+ \\ & \sum_{i=1}^{6} \boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{udiu}}^{\mathrm{T}}\left(m_{\mathrm{p}} \boldsymbol{J}_{l \mathrm{p} i}^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{J}_{l \mathrm{p} i}+m_{\mathrm{c}} \boldsymbol{J}_{l c i}^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{J}_{l c i}+\boldsymbol{J}_{\omega l i}^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{I}_{\mathrm{pci}}^{\mathrm{w}} \boldsymbol{J}_{\omega l i}\right) \boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{udid}} ; \\ \boldsymbol{M}_{\mathrm{d}}= & \boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{pu}}^{\mathrm{T}} m_{\mathrm{u}} \boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{pd}}+\left(\boldsymbol{J}_{\omega \mathrm{u}}^{2}\right)^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{I}_{\mathrm{u}} \boldsymbol{J}_{\omega \mathrm{d}}^{1}+ \\ & \sum_{i=1}^{6} \boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{udiu}}^{\mathrm{T}}\left(m_{\mathrm{p}} \boldsymbol{J}_{l p i}^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{J}_{l \mathrm{p} i}+m_{\mathrm{c}} \boldsymbol{J}_{l c i}^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{J}_{l c i}+\boldsymbol{J}_{\omega l i}^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{I}_{\mathrm{pci}}^{\mathrm{w}} \boldsymbol{J}_{\omega l i}\right) \boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{udid}} ; \end{aligned}$
$\begin{aligned} \boldsymbol{C}_{\mathrm{d}}= & \boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{pu}}^{\mathrm{T}} m_{\mathrm{u}} \dot{\boldsymbol{J}}_{\mathrm{pd}}+\left(\boldsymbol{J}_{\omega \mathrm{u}}^{2}\right)^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{I}_{\mathrm{u}} \dot{\boldsymbol{J}}_{\omega \mathrm{d}}^{1}+\left(\boldsymbol{J}_{\omega \mathrm{u}}^{2}\right)^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{S}\left(\boldsymbol{\omega}_{\mathrm{u}}^{\mathrm{w}}\right) \boldsymbol{I}_{\mathrm{u}} \boldsymbol{J}_{\omega \mathrm{d}}^{1}+ \\ & \sum_{i=1}^{6}\left\{\boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{udiu}}^{\mathrm{T}}\left(m_{\mathrm{p}} \boldsymbol{J}_{l \mathrm{p} i}^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{J}_{l \mathrm{p} i}+m_{\mathrm{c}} \boldsymbol{J}_{l c i}^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{J}_{l c i}+\boldsymbol{J}_{\omega l i}^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{I}_{\mathrm{pc} i}^{\mathrm{w}} \boldsymbol{J}_{\omega l i}\right) \dot{\boldsymbol{J}}_{\mathrm{udid}}+\right. \\ & \boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{udiu}}^{\mathrm{T}}\left[m_{\mathrm{p}} \boldsymbol{J}_{l p i}^{\mathrm{T}} \dot{\boldsymbol{J}}_{l p i}+m_{\mathrm{c}} \boldsymbol{J}_{l c i}^{\mathrm{T}} \dot{\boldsymbol{J}}_{l c i}+\boldsymbol{J}_{\omega l i}^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{I}_{\mathrm{pci}}^{\mathrm{w}} \dot{\boldsymbol{J}}_{\omega l i}+\right. \\ & \left.\left.\boldsymbol{J}_{\omega l i}^{\mathrm{T}} \boldsymbol{S}\left(\boldsymbol{\omega}_{i}^{\mathrm{w}}\right) \boldsymbol{I}_{p c i}^{\mathrm{w}} \boldsymbol{J}_{\omega l i}\right] \boldsymbol{J}_{\mathrm{udid}}\right\} \end{aligned}$
在对海上稳定廊桥联合仿真分析中,选取在4级海况等级下对其进行分析[17],其中4级海况下采用的典型波浪参数为:有效波高2 m。根据预设的4级海况条件采用MSS(maritime simulation system)工具箱对船舶在4级海况下的运动响应进行数值模拟[18],最终得出波浪表面模拟图与船舶六维运动曲线,分别如图6图7所示。
在进行理论计算与仿真分析的过程中,所采用的样机主要设备参数如表1所示。
为了验证所构建的动力学模型的有效性和准确性,采用在Simulink环境下的MATLAB编程与Adams动力学软件进行联合仿真,以此对所建立的动力学模型进行验证。如图8所示,在Simulink环境中构建的联合仿真的架构图。
在对稳定平台进行验证中,在上述运动激励下通过MATLAB计算得出6条支链的速度并与Adams仿真数据进行对比,得出速度对比图(图9)与速度误差图(图10)。可以看出,6条支链速度中最大误差仅为0.007 5%,验证了运动学模型的正确性,为动力学分析提供可靠的运动学模型。
在Simulink环境中,对所建立的模型在未对负载转运和对负载(质量为300 kg)转运两种工况分别进行动力学验证分析。图11图12分别为两种工况驱动力计算数据对比,两种线型分别对应MATLAB计算数据与Adams仿真数据。图13为两种工况下驱动力误差图,两种线型分别对应未转运、转运两种工况下误差曲线。
图13中可以看出,在两种工况下,MATLAB计算数据与Adams仿真数据误差在可接受范围,进一步验证动力学模型的正确性。其中,未进行转运时,支链1在21.3 s,驱动力为-7 865.54 N时,误差为150.87 N;支链2在21 s,驱动力为-4 398.84 N时,误差为110.11 N;支链3在17.6 s,驱动力为-1 493.03 N时,误差为110.22 N;支链4在21.1 s,驱动力为43 808.50 N时,误差为107.38 N;支链5在18.2 s,驱动力为45 904.83 N时,误差为112.29 N;支链6在17.5 s,驱动力为-3 900.60 N时,误差为130.09 N。进行转运时,支链1在21.3 s,驱动力为-9 200.96 N时,误差为151.74 N;支链2在21 s,驱动力为-5 723.03 N时,误差为112.28 N;支链3在17.6 s,驱动力为-2 280.39 N时,误差为107.81 N;支链4在21.1 s,驱动力为47 081.35 N时,误差为102.89 N;支链5在18.2 s,驱动力为48 854.39 N时,误差为121.14 N;支链6在17.5 s,驱动力为-4 635.99 N时,误差为128.25 N。并且对于两种工况其误差变化最大为8.01 N,说明所建立的动力学模型的可靠性,具有实际工程应用价值。
进一步,当海上稳定廊桥对不同质量的人员或货物进行转运过程中,各支链驱动力响应如图14所示,不同线型分别代表负载为200、400、600 kg时各支链的驱动力。可以看出,负载越大对于支链驱动力的影响就越大,其中对于支链4、5(靠近舷梯,并在其下方的两条支链)的影响最大,并且支链4、5驱动力为6条支链中最大的支链,因此在实际工作中应考虑支链4、5的最大承载能力,从而制定安全工况范围。
对转运平台中心在上述运动激励下50 s内运动轨迹进行分析,得出图15所示的转运平台有无运动补偿时运动轨迹对比,通过对各坐标轴上下幅值对比,可以看出,转运平台运动补偿在x轴方向达到89.1%、在y轴方向达到89.6%、在z轴方向达到92.5%;在对人员转运过程中,对人在全局坐标系下运动轨迹进行分析,得出图16所示的人在全局坐标系下有无运动补偿时运动轨迹对比,通过对全局坐标系下各坐标轴上下幅值对比,可以看出,在x轴方向运动补偿达到85.1%、在y轴方向运动补偿达到89.4%、在z轴方向运动补偿达到91.6%。说明海上稳定廊桥可以有效保证人员转运的安全。
针对海上稳定廊桥在用于海上人员和货物转运时所表现出的动力学特性和建模难题,经过动力学建模和仿真分析,得出以下结论。
(1)运用凯恩方法和虚功原理建立在广义坐标系下海上稳定廊桥显式动力学模型。
(2)运用MSS工具箱模拟4级海况,并在此运动激励下通过MATLAB与Adams联合仿真,得出支链速度中最大误差仅为0.0075%,动力学模型中支链驱动力最大误差为1.91%,说明各支链驱动力理论计算和仿真数据基本一致,验证了所建立理论模型的正确性。
(3)对有、无补偿时转运平台与人员的运动轨迹进行分析,其中转运平台的运动补偿达到89.1%,人员转运过程中运动补偿达到85.1%,说明海上稳定廊桥可以有效保证人员转运的安全。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52101396)
  • 国家自然科学基金(52371362)
  • 国家重点研发计划(2022YFB4300802)
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(3132023510)
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2025年第25卷第12期
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doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2405061
  • 接收时间:2024-07-06
  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-04-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-06
  • 修回日期:2025-02-14
基金
国家自然科学基金(52101396)
国家自然科学基金(52371362)
国家重点研发计划(2022YFB4300802)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(3132023510)
作者信息
    1 大连海事大学轮机工程学院, 大连 116026
    2 中国船舶集团有限公司第七〇三研究所无锡分部, 无锡 214151

通讯作者:

* 王生海(1988—),男,土家族,湖北利川人,博士,副教授。研究方向:海上运动补偿技术、绳索驱动机器人技术。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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