Article(id=1208051034803511323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1208051024368083510, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2404963, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1719936000000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-03, revisedDate=1742313600000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765951411200, onlineDateStr=2025-12-17, pubDate=1751040000000, pubDateStr=2025-06-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765951411200, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765951411200, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765951411200, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1208051024368083510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, year='2025', volume='25', issue='18', pageStart='7455', pageEnd='7883', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765951408712, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765951896766, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1208053071507198943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1208051024368083510, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1208053071507198944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, issueId=1208051024368083510, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=7785, endPage=7792, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1208051035420074075, articleId=1208051034803511323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=EN, title=Intelligent Identification Algorithm for Typical Rail Damage Based on Improved YOLOv8, columnId=1156262728772735295, journalTitle=Science Technology and Engineering, columnName=Papers·Traffics and Transportations, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
The internal damage of the steel rail is serious, but the non-destructive testing B-display detection image has a lot of noise and noise, and the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of different damages are not obvious, making it difficult to effectively identify. In response to this situation, a rail screw hole crack B-image recognition algorithm based on improved YOLOv8 was studied to improve the accuracy of intelligent identification of rail damage. Firstly, to reduce the missed detection of small damage targets, RepHGNetv2 network was used to optimize the YOLOv8 backbone network and improve the detection recall rate. Then, in order to improve the adaptability of the model to different types of damage detection, the detection head of YOLOv8 was replaced with Effientnet to improve the detection accuracy of the model. Finally, the LSKA attention mechanism was introduced into the SPPF module to enhance the model’s anti-interference ability against noise signals and improve its accuracy. The actual line detection results have verified that the detection accuracy of the above model reaches 95.1%, the recall rate reaches 93.8%, and the average accuracy reaches 97.6%, which is improved compared to other commonly used algorithms.
, correspAuthors=Gui-yang XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hou-xue XIANG, Gui-yang XU, Yu-hua ZHANG, Xiao-yan HUANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1208051039358525852, articleId=1208051034803511323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, language=CN, title=基于改进YOLOv8的钢轨典型伤损智能识别算法, columnId=1156262730664366426, journalTitle=科学技术与工程, columnName=论文·交通运输, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
钢轨内部损伤危害严重,但无损探伤B显检测图像杂波噪声多、不同损伤时空分布特征不明显,难以有效识别。针对这一情况,提出了一种基于改进YOLOv8的钢轨螺孔裂纹B显图识别算法,从提高钢轨损伤智能识别精确率。首先,为减少小伤损目标漏检,采用RepHGNetv2网络优化YOLOv8主干网络,提高检测召回率;然后,为提升模型对不同类型损伤检测的适应性,将YOLOv8的检测头替换为Effcientnet,提高模型检测精度;最后,在SPPF模块中引入LSKA注意力机制,提升模型对噪声信号的抗干扰能力,提高模型精确率。经实际线路检测结果验证,上述模型检测精确率达到95.1%,召回率达到93.8%,平均精度达到97.6%,对比其他常用算法均有所提高。
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1 School of Mechanical, Electrical and Vehicle Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102612, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1208085586448064721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051034803511323, authorId=1208085586242543803, language=CN, stringName=向厚雪, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1 北京建筑大学机电与车辆工程学院, 北京 102612, bio={"content":"
向厚雪(2002—),女,汉族,河南信阳人,硕士研究生。研究方向:钢轨探伤。E-mail:1810314336@qq.com。
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向厚雪(2002—),女,汉族,河南信阳人,硕士研究生。研究方向:钢轨探伤。E-mail:1810314336@qq.com。
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2 Infrastructure Testing Research Institute of China Academy of Railway Sciences,Beijing 100081, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1208085587219816745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051034803511323, authorId=1208085586938798344, language=CN, stringName=张玉华, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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2 中国铁道科学研究院基础设施检测研究所, 北京 100081)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1208085590726255124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051034803511323, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
YOLOv8 structural diagram., figureFileSmall=VghxFk2L4NQcTG8Vv9E9MA==, figureFileBig=YDZAru+3qdOOWxGjftUE7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208085590898221599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051034803511323, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
YOLOv8结构图 Input为输入层;Conv为卷积层;Concat为特征融合;UP SAMPLE为上采样层;YOLO Head为检测头
, figureFileSmall=VghxFk2L4NQcTG8Vv9E9MA==, figureFileBig=YDZAru+3qdOOWxGjftUE7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208085591137296947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051034803511323, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
HGNetv2 network structure diagram, figureFileSmall=yrWwwgfvHjbXuRDpxVTexQ==, figureFileBig=1l2cuZO0uC1oGd3iWcgWQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208085591275708992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051034803511323, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
HGNetv2网络结构图 Input为输入层;Stem为初始预处理层;HGBlock为RepHGNetv2中的一个核心组件;DW Conv为卷积层;GAP为全局平均池化,FC为全连接层
, figureFileSmall=yrWwwgfvHjbXuRDpxVTexQ==, figureFileBig=1l2cuZO0uC1oGd3iWcgWQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208085591430898256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051034803511323, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
RepHGBlock structural diagram, figureFileSmall=w0Xr3zYfq4C7Qiqf/6BDWA==, figureFileBig=gdQ2DBdaw6cyTuHgb2hVSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208085591560921696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051034803511323, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
RepHGBlock结构图 Rep Conv为通过重参数化技术实现的卷积结构;ESC为退出当前卷积
, figureFileSmall=w0Xr3zYfq4C7Qiqf/6BDWA==, figureFileBig=gdQ2DBdaw6cyTuHgb2hVSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208085591716110960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051034803511323, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
MBConv structural diagram, figureFileSmall=JXR8HfXvj3GtLl4LxIoDFQ==, figureFileBig=gTXn2otC52jzyDDkJDdWqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208085591816774269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051034803511323, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
MBConv结构图, figureFileSmall=JXR8HfXvj3GtLl4LxIoDFQ==, figureFileBig=gTXn2otC52jzyDDkJDdWqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208085591942603401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051034803511323, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
SE structural diagram, figureFileSmall=o27O9sxe+rfxgGPU+ZOfIQ==, figureFileBig=1iPaB77uhFDcnvkfvpt+9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208085592055849623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051034803511323, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
SE模块结构图, figureFileSmall=o27O9sxe+rfxgGPU+ZOfIQ==, figureFileBig=1iPaB77uhFDcnvkfvpt+9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208085592257176237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051034803511323, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
SPPF_LSKA structural diagram, figureFileSmall=NPgj0IUhER1ht9D+AlQWIw==, figureFileBig=gr7XiB3NDiTdKl2up9BvOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208085592412365506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051034803511323, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
SPPF_LSKA结构图, figureFileSmall=NPgj0IUhER1ht9D+AlQWIw==, figureFileBig=gr7XiB3NDiTdKl2up9BvOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208085592538194638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051034803511323, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Graph of loss function for article model training, figureFileSmall=hy+nRBK3jBaIIWII9l4TYw==, figureFileBig=+5io85S5NWZBQGvJRGoAtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208085592664023772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051034803511323, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
文章模型训练损失函数曲线图, figureFileSmall=hy+nRBK3jBaIIWII9l4TYw==, figureFileBig=+5io85S5NWZBQGvJRGoAtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208085592777269988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051034803511323, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Algorithm testing effect diagram in the article, figureFileSmall=qsCYJ1z6HVK6uGPWsGOO8Q==, figureFileBig=CPWijjmNK7HxNTmbj/x6bw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208085592861156078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051034803511323, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
本文算法测试效果图, figureFileSmall=qsCYJ1z6HVK6uGPWsGOO8Q==, figureFileBig=CPWijjmNK7HxNTmbj/x6bw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208085592978596601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051034803511323, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
Original algorithm test rendering, figureFileSmall=Or4DEHZ0xefRFjbZMhMdcA==, figureFileBig=GCTYc482IHFBCiXvNnk96g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208085593112814341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051034803511323, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
原始算法测试效果图, figureFileSmall=Or4DEHZ0xefRFjbZMhMdcA==, figureFileBig=GCTYc482IHFBCiXvNnk96g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1208085593247032086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051034803511323, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
EfficientNet network structure
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 阶段 | 操作 | 分辨率 | 通道 | 层数 |
| 1 | Conv3×3 | 224×224 | 32 | 1 |
| 2 | MBConv1,k3×3 | 112×112 | 16 | 1 |
| 3 | MBConv6,k3×3 | 112×112 | 24 | 2 |
| 4 | MBConv6,k5×5 | 56×56 | 40 | 2 |
| 5 | MBConv6,k3×3 | 28×28 | 80 | 3 |
| 6 | MBConv6,k5×5 | 14×14 | 112 | 3 |
| 7 | MBConv6,k5×5 | 14×14 | 192 | 4 |
| 8 | MBConv6,k3×3 | 7×7 | 320 | 1 |
| 9 | Conv1×1&Pooling&FC | 7×7 | 1 280 | 1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1208085593444164385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051034803511323, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
EfficientNet网络结构
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 阶段 | 操作 | 分辨率 | 通道 | 层数 |
| 1 | Conv3×3 | 224×224 | 32 | 1 |
| 2 | MBConv1,k3×3 | 112×112 | 16 | 1 |
| 3 | MBConv6,k3×3 | 112×112 | 24 | 2 |
| 4 | MBConv6,k5×5 | 56×56 | 40 | 2 |
| 5 | MBConv6,k3×3 | 28×28 | 80 | 3 |
| 6 | MBConv6,k5×5 | 14×14 | 112 | 3 |
| 7 | MBConv6,k5×5 | 14×14 | 192 | 4 |
| 8 | MBConv6,k3×3 | 7×7 | 320 | 1 |
| 9 | Conv1×1&Pooling&FC | 7×7 | 1 280 | 1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1208085593590965041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051034803511323, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Article experiment hardware environment
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 硬件名称 | 型号 |
| CPU | Intel(R)Core(TM)i7-14700HX |
| GPU | NVIDIAGeForceRTX4070 |
), ArticleFig(id=1208085593767125824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051034803511323, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
文章实验硬件环境
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 硬件名称 | 型号 |
| CPU | Intel(R)Core(TM)i7-14700HX |
| GPU | NVIDIAGeForceRTX4070 |
), ArticleFig(id=1208085593892954952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051034803511323, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Article experiment software environment
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数名称 | 版本 |
| Pytorch | 2.2.0+cu121 |
| Python | Python3.8 |
| Cuda | 12.1 |
| Cudnn | 8 801 |
), ArticleFig(id=1208085595084137303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051034803511323, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
文章实验软件环境
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 参数名称 | 版本 |
| Pytorch | 2.2.0+cu121 |
| Python | Python3.8 |
| Cuda | 12.1 |
| Cudnn | 8 801 |
), ArticleFig(id=1208085595214160735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051034803511323, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Comparison results of YOLO different network experiments
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 实验内容 | P/% | R/% | mAP/% | 模型参 数/MB | 计算力/ GFLOPs |
| YOLOv3 | 92.5 | 91.2 | 95.5 | 12.1 | 282.2 |
| YOLOv5 | 92.8 | 91.2 | 96.9 | 2.5 | 7.1 |
| YOLOv6 | 92.7 | 92.0 | 96.6 | 4.23 | 11.8 |
| YOLOv8 | 91.6 | 93.1 | 96.0 | 3.0 | 8.1 |
| 本文模型 | 95.1 | 93.8 | 97.6 | 3.4 | 7.1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1208085595394515823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051034803511323, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
YOLO不同网络实验对比结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 实验内容 | P/% | R/% | mAP/% | 模型参 数/MB | 计算力/ GFLOPs |
| YOLOv3 | 92.5 | 91.2 | 95.5 | 12.1 | 282.2 |
| YOLOv5 | 92.8 | 91.2 | 96.9 | 2.5 | 7.1 |
| YOLOv6 | 92.7 | 92.0 | 96.6 | 4.23 | 11.8 |
| YOLOv8 | 91.6 | 93.1 | 96.0 | 3.0 | 8.1 |
| 本文模型 | 95.1 | 93.8 | 97.6 | 3.4 | 7.1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1208085595562287997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051034803511323, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=
Results of ablation experiment
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| RepHGNetv2 | EfficientHead | LSKA | P/% | R/% | mAP/% | 模型参数/MB | 计算力/GFLOPs |
| × | × | × | 91.6 | 93.1 | 96.0 | 3.0 | 8.1 |
| √ | × | × | 90.3 | 93.6 | 96.6 | 2.3 | 6.9 |
| × | √ | × | 92.1 | 93.3 | 96.9 | 3.8 | 8.1 |
| × | × | √ | 95.0 | 89.2 | 96.6 | 3.3 | 8.3 |
| √ | × | √ | 93.5 | 91.2 | 95.9 | 2.6 | 7.1 |
| × | √ | √ | 93.2 | 91.6 | 97.0 | 4.1 | 8.3 |
| √ | √ | × | 93.0 | 89.9 | 95.3 | 3.2 | 6.9 |
| √ | √ | √ | 95.1 | 93.8 | 97.6 | 3.4 | 7.1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1208085595738448779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051034803511323, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
消融实验结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| RepHGNetv2 | EfficientHead | LSKA | P/% | R/% | mAP/% | 模型参数/MB | 计算力/GFLOPs |
| × | × | × | 91.6 | 93.1 | 96.0 | 3.0 | 8.1 |
| √ | × | × | 90.3 | 93.6 | 96.6 | 2.3 | 6.9 |
| × | √ | × | 92.1 | 93.3 | 96.9 | 3.8 | 8.1 |
| × | × | √ | 95.0 | 89.2 | 96.6 | 3.3 | 8.3 |
| √ | × | √ | 93.5 | 91.2 | 95.9 | 2.6 | 7.1 |
| × | √ | √ | 93.2 | 91.6 | 97.0 | 4.1 | 8.3 |
| √ | √ | × | 93.0 | 89.9 | 95.3 | 3.2 | 6.9 |
| √ | √ | √ | 95.1 | 93.8 | 97.6 | 3.4 | 7.1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1208085595918803861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051034803511323, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=
Results of various damage detection algorithms in the article
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 类别 | P/% | R/% | mAP/% |
| 所有类别 | 95.1 | 93.8 | 97.6 |
| 正常螺孔(zc) | 91.7 | 93.9 | 96.8 |
| 螺孔上裂(sl) | 93.8 | 94.1 | 98.0 |
| 螺孔下裂(xl) | 1 | 93.9 | 99.0 |
| 螺孔水平裂纹(sp) | 92.9 | 90.7 | 96.5 |
| 螺孔组合裂纹(zh) | 96.9 | 96.5 | 97.7 |
), ArticleFig(id=1208085596078187425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146123166801305609, articleId=1208051034803511323, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
本文算法各类伤损检测结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 类别 | P/% | R/% | mAP/% |
| 所有类别 | 95.1 | 93.8 | 97.6 |
| 正常螺孔(zc) | 91.7 | 93.9 | 96.8 |
| 螺孔上裂(sl) | 93.8 | 94.1 | 98.0 |
| 螺孔下裂(xl) | 1 | 93.9 | 99.0 |
| 螺孔水平裂纹(sp) | 92.9 | 90.7 | 96.5 |
| 螺孔组合裂纹(zh) | 96.9 | 96.5 | 97.7 |
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